EP0756134A1 - Method and burner for reducing the formation of NOx burning coal dust - Google Patents

Method and burner for reducing the formation of NOx burning coal dust Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0756134A1
EP0756134A1 EP96106401A EP96106401A EP0756134A1 EP 0756134 A1 EP0756134 A1 EP 0756134A1 EP 96106401 A EP96106401 A EP 96106401A EP 96106401 A EP96106401 A EP 96106401A EP 0756134 A1 EP0756134 A1 EP 0756134A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
primary
dust
air
pipe
tube
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Granted
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EP96106401A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0756134B1 (en
Inventor
Alfons Leise
Michael Streffing
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Hitachi Power Europe GmbH
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Babcock Lentjes Kraftwerkstechnik GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/005—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/10—Premixing fluegas with fuel and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/20—Fuel flow guiding devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the formation of NO x in the combustion of coal dust with combustion air in burners with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a burner with the features of the preamble of claim 5.
  • a coal dust burner with a stepped air supply is known from DE-OS 42 17 879.
  • the air flows are fed through spiral inlet housings and flow through concentric ring channels in which a swirl is forced on them.
  • the secondary and the tertiary air flow are led away to the outside of the fuel flow via deflection fillets, which is discharged through an annular duct, which is arranged between the core air pipe and the secondary air duct and is not divided. This creates an internal combustion zone with a low air ratio and a more stable, oxygen-rich flame envelope from which the fuel-rich flame is supplied with oxygen with a delay.
  • the invention has for its object to influence the formation of NO x in the ignition phase of the coal dust.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the combustion of coal dust in steam generator systems, the formation of NO x is mainly influenced by the air ratio in the combustion chamber of the steam generator system, by the combustion temperature, by the fuel quality and above all by the oxygen quotient ⁇ , which at the time of Primary reactions, i.e. during the pyrolysis and the parallel oxidation of the volatile constituents of the coal.
  • Oxygen quotient ⁇ is understood to mean the ratio that is formed from the oxygen available in the ignition phase and the need for oxygen for the combustion of the outgassing volatile constituents.
  • the percentage of volatile constituents released ⁇ volatile constituents which outgas from the coal is low (FIG. 1).
  • the averaged oxygen quotient ⁇ can be calculated for all burner designs.
  • the measures according to the invention can influence the maximum level and the average value of the oxygen quotient ⁇ in such a way that a minimum of NO x is produced without the processes necessary for maintaining the primary reactions at the burner outlet coming to a standstill.
  • the burner shown contains an oil burner ignition lance 2 which is provided in the burner longitudinal axis 1 and which is arranged within a core air tube 3.
  • the core air tube 3 is surrounded by a primary dust tube 6 to form a cylindrical annular channel.
  • a flow body 4 and in front of it a swirl body 5 are arranged on the core air tube 3 within the primary dust tube 6.
  • the primary dust tube 6 is connected at the rear end via a bend to a dust line 7, which leads to a mill, not shown.
  • a mixture is created via the dust line 7 from primary air and coal dust fed into the primary dust tube 6.
  • a stabilizing ring 8 At the outlet end of the primary dust tube 6 internals in the form of a stabilizing ring 8 are attached, which has a radially inward edge. This edge protrudes into the stream of primary air and coal dust.
  • the primary dust tube 6 is arranged concentrically in an annular channel which is formed by a primary gas tube 9.
  • This annular duct is surrounded by a secondary air tube 10 to form a further cylindrical annular duct, and this is in turn surrounded concentrically by a tertiary air tube 11 to form a cylindrical annular duct.
  • the primary dust tube 6, the primary gas tube 9 and the secondary air tube 10 have, at their outlet ends, conically widened sections which represent deflection fillets 12, 13, 14 for the medium flows which pass them outside.
  • the tertiary air tube 11 continues into the burner groove 15, which widens outwards.
  • the secondary air tube 10 and the tertiary air tube 11 of the burner are each connected at the rear end to a spiral inlet housing 16, 17 which are connected to inlet lines 20, 21 receiving control flaps 18, 19 and which connect the secondary air tube 10 with secondary air and the tertiary air tube 11 with tertiary air supply as partial flows of the combustion air.
  • the inlet housings 16, 17 ensure a uniform air distribution over the ring cross sections of the secondary air tube 10 and the tertiary air tube 11.
  • a device for influencing the swirl is arranged in the form of a cupboard made of rotatably mounted, axial swirl flaps 22, 23 in the secondary air pipe 10 and in the tertiary air pipe 11, which are adjustable from the outside via a linkage (not shown) with a drive.
  • These axial swirl flaps 22, 23 impose a swirl of adjustable size on the secondary air and the tertiary air.
  • these swirl flaps 22, 23 increase or decrease the swirl of the air flow caused by the inlet housing 16, 17. In special cases, the swirl can also be completely removed.
  • a swirl body 24 is arranged in the dust line 7 near the burner inlet and divides the mixture flow of primary air and coal dust into an outer, dust-rich and an inner, low-dust partial flow.
  • An immersion tube 25 is arranged in the dust line 7 downstream of the swirl body 24.
  • a line 26 is connected to the dip tube 25, which line leads out of the dust line 7 and is connected to the primary gas tube 9 via a radial inlet housing 31.
  • the burner shown in FIG. 5 largely corresponds to the burner according to FIG. 4.
  • a gas tube 27 is arranged around the core air tube 3, which forms an annular channel with the core air tube 3, which is blocked by a nozzle plate 28 at the outlet end.
  • gas outlet nozzles are arranged distributed over the circumference.
  • the gas pipe 27 is connected to a ring line 29 to which a feed line 30 is connected.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 can also be combined with one another, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the pyrolysis of the coal dust begins immediately after ignition. This creates a mixture in the primary ignition zone that contains the outgassed volatile constituents of the coal.
  • the method according to the invention aims to reduce the quotient ⁇ from the oxygen content in the primary gas and from the oxygen requirement for burning the volatile constituents present in the primary gas.
  • the mixture flow is divided into a dust-rich partial flow and a low-dust partial flow, and these partial flows are fed to the ignition area of the burner with different dust loads via separate channels.
  • the separation into two partial flows with different dust loading is preferably carried out in the dust line 7 directly on the burner. It is also possible to provide the separation at another point in the firing system.
  • the reduction in the proportion of oxygen in the primary gas can also be achieved by replacing part of the air in the primary air / coal dust mixture with flue gas.
  • This flue gas which can be warm or cooled, is mixed into the air before it enters the mill.
  • Another method for lowering the oxygen quotient ⁇ in the primary gas is that a flammable foreign gas is introduced into the primary gas via the gas pipe 27 described above. In this way, the share becomes more reactive volatile fuel products in the primary gas and thus the oxygen demand in the primary gas increases.
  • the amount of this foreign gas can be up to 20% of the burner output.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The burner involves connecting a primary dust pipe (6) to a dust pipe (7) and conveying a mixed flow of primary air and coal dust. The primary dust pipe is enclosed by a secondary and tertiary air pipes (10,11), both of which continue into a conically widening section. The pipes have a swirling appliance (22,23) and are connected to a spiral inlet housing (16,17). The outlet end of the primary dust pipe has a stabiliser ring (8), the primary dust pipe is enclosed by a primary gas pipe (9) forming a ring channel. A dust-free part-flow of the mixed current flows through the primary gas pipe. A part-flow rich in dust flows through the primary dust pipe. The dust pipe contains a swirl piece (24) downstream from which is an immersion pipe (25) connected to the primary gas pipe by an outward leading pipe (26) via a spiral inlet housing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verminderung der Bildung von NOx bei der Verbrennung von Kohlenstaub mit Verbrennungsluft in Brennern mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 sowie einen Brenner mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 5.The invention relates to a method for reducing the formation of NO x in the combustion of coal dust with combustion air in burners with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a burner with the features of the preamble of claim 5.

Zur Verminderung der Bildung von NOx bei der Verbrennung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen ist es bekannt, die Verbrennungsluft gestuft in mehreren Teilströmen aufzugeben. Dadurch wird der Brennstoff in einer ersten Flammenzone unter Luftmangel und bei verringerter Flammentemperatur verbrannt. Die restliche Verbrennungsluft wird der Flamme in einer zweiten Flammenzone nachträglich beigemischt.In order to reduce the formation of NO x during the combustion of fuels containing carbon, it is known to give up the combustion air in several partial streams. As a result, the fuel is burned in a first flame zone with a lack of air and at a reduced flame temperature. The remaining combustion air is subsequently mixed into the flame in a second flame zone.

Ein Kohlenstaubbrenner mit gestufter Luftaufgabe ist aus der DE-OS 42 17 879 bekannt. Bei diesem Brenner werden die Luftströme über spiralförmige Eintrittsgehäuse zugeführt und durchströmen konzentrische Ringkanäle, in denen ihnen ein Drall aufgezwungen wird. Der Sekundär- und der Tertiärluftstrom werden über Abweiskehlen nach außen von dem Brennstoffstrom weggeführt, der durch einen zwischen dem Kernluftrohr und dem Sekundärluftkanal angeordneten, nicht aufgeteilten Ringkanal aufgegeben wird. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine innere Verbrennungszone mit einer niedrigen Luftzahl und eine sauerstoffreichere stabile Flammenumhüllung, aus der die brennstoffreiche Flamme verzögert mit Sauerstoff versorgt wird.A coal dust burner with a stepped air supply is known from DE-OS 42 17 879. In this burner, the air flows are fed through spiral inlet housings and flow through concentric ring channels in which a swirl is forced on them. The secondary and the tertiary air flow are led away to the outside of the fuel flow via deflection fillets, which is discharged through an annular duct, which is arranged between the core air pipe and the secondary air duct and is not divided. This creates an internal combustion zone with a low air ratio and a more stable, oxygen-rich flame envelope from which the fuel-rich flame is supplied with oxygen with a delay.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Bildung von NOx in der Zündphase der Kohlenstaubes zu beeinflussen.The invention has for its object to influence the formation of NO x in the ignition phase of the coal dust.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Ein Brenner zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist Gegenstand des Anspruches 5. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention in a generic method by the characterizing features of claim 1. A burner to solve the task is Subject of claim 5. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, daß bei der Verbrennung von Kohlenstaub in Dampferzeugeranlagen die Bildung von NOx hauptsächlich beeinflußt wird durch die Luftzahl im Feuerraum der Dampferzeugeranlage, durch die Verbrennungstemperatur, durch die Brennstoffbeschaffenheit und vor allem durch den Sauerstoffquotienten ω, der zum Zeitpunkt der Primärreaktionen, das heißt während der Pyrolyse und der parallel dazu verlaufenden Oxidation der flüchtigen Bestandteile der Kohle vorliegt. Unter Sauerstoffquotient ω wird das Verhältnis verstanden, das gebildet wird aus dem in der Zündphase verfügbaren Sauerstoff und dem Bedarf an Sauerstoff zur Verbrennung der ausgasenden flüchtigen Bestandteile. Zu Beginn der Pyrolysephase ist der Anteil der freigesetzten flüchtigen Bestandteilen γflüchtige Bestandteile, die aus der Kohle ausgasen, gering (Fig. 1). Damit ist auch die absolute Menge an oxidationsfähigen Produkten und dementsprechend der Bedarf an Sauerstoff zu deren Verbrennung sehr gering. Dem gegenüber steht ein fester Sauerstoffbetrag, der aus der Primärluft und dem Eigensauerstoffanteil des Brennstoffes resultiert. Das bedeutet, daß mit Beginn der Zündung der flüchtigen Bestandteile der Sauerstoffquotient ω unendlich groß ist. Unter der Voraussetzung, daß zunächst kein weiterer Sauerstoff, z. B. in Form von Verbrennungsluft hinzugefügt wird, verringert sich der Sauerstoffquotient ω im weiteren Zeitablauf aufgrund der fortschreitenden Reaktionen im Flammenkern des Brennernahbereiches (Fig. 2). Mit Beginn der Zumischung von Sekundär- und Tertiärluft zur Primärreaktion erfolgt wieder ein Ansteigen des Sauerstoffquotienten ω. Geschieht dies zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Pyrolysereaktion der Kohle nicht abgeschlossen ist, so wird die NOx-Bildung beschleunigt. Die Abhängigkeit des NOx-Gehaltes γNOx in dem Verbrennungsgas von dem Sauerstoffquotienten ω zeigt die Fig. 3.The invention is based on the idea that the combustion of coal dust in steam generator systems, the formation of NO x is mainly influenced by the air ratio in the combustion chamber of the steam generator system, by the combustion temperature, by the fuel quality and above all by the oxygen quotient ω, which at the time of Primary reactions, i.e. during the pyrolysis and the parallel oxidation of the volatile constituents of the coal. Oxygen quotient ω is understood to mean the ratio that is formed from the oxygen available in the ignition phase and the need for oxygen for the combustion of the outgassing volatile constituents. At the beginning of the pyrolysis phase, the percentage of volatile constituents released γ volatile constituents which outgas from the coal is low (FIG. 1). This means that the absolute amount of products capable of oxidation and, accordingly, the need for oxygen to burn them are very low. This contrasts with a fixed amount of oxygen that results from the primary air and the intrinsic oxygen content of the fuel. This means that when the volatile components start to ignite, the oxygen quotient ω is infinitely large. Provided that no further oxygen, e.g. B. is added in the form of combustion air, the oxygen quotient ω decreases in the further course of time due to the progressive reactions in the flame core of the vicinity of the burner (Fig. 2). With the addition of secondary and tertiary air to the primary reaction, the oxygen quotient ω increases again. If this happens at a point in time when the pyrolysis reaction of the coal is not complete, the NO x formation is accelerated. The dependence of the NO x content γ NOx in the 3 shows the combustion gas from the oxygen quotient ω.

Mit der Kenntnis der Beschaffenheit des Brennstoffs, das heißt vor allem dessen Neigung zu pyrolysieren, und einiger Randbedingungen des Feuerungssystemes ist der gemittelte Sauerstoffquotient ω für alle Brennerbauformen errechenbar. Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen kann die maximale Höhe und der mittlere Wert des Sauerstoffquotienten ω so beeinflußt werden, daß ein Minimum an NOx entsteht, ohne daß die zur Aufrechterhaltung der Primärreaktionen am Brenneraustritt notwendigen Prozesse zum Erliegen kommen.Knowing the nature of the fuel, that is, above all its tendency to pyrolyze, and some boundary conditions of the combustion system, the averaged oxygen quotient ω can be calculated for all burner designs. The measures according to the invention can influence the maximum level and the average value of the oxygen quotient ω in such a way that a minimum of NO x is produced without the processes necessary for maintaining the primary reactions at the burner outlet coming to a standstill.

Im folgendem sei die Erfindung an Hand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele und Brenner zur Durchführung der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Diagramm zur Abhängigkeit der Menge an freigesetzten flüchtigen Bestandteilen im Primärgas von der Zeit während der Zündphase,
Fig. 2
ein Diagramm zur Abhängigkeit des Sauerstoffquotienten von der Zeit während der Zündphase,
Fig. 3
ein Diagramm zur Abhängigkeit des Gehaltes an NOx im Verbrennungsgas von dem Sauerstoffquotienten,
Fig. 4
den Längsschnitt durch einen Brenner,
Fig. 5
den Längsschnitt durch einen anderen Brenner und
Fig. 6
den Längsschnitt durch einen weiteren Brenner.
In the following, the invention will be explained using several exemplary embodiments and burners for carrying out the invention. Show it:
Fig. 1
a diagram of the dependence of the amount of volatile constituents released in the primary gas on the time during the ignition phase,
Fig. 2
a diagram of the dependence of the oxygen quotient on the time during the ignition phase,
Fig. 3
1 shows a diagram of the dependence of the NO x content in the combustion gas on the oxygen quotient,
Fig. 4
the longitudinal section through a burner,
Fig. 5
the longitudinal section through another burner and
Fig. 6
the longitudinal section through another burner.

Der dargestellte Brenner enthält eine in der Brennerlängsachse 1 vorgesehene Ölbrennerzündlanze 2, die innerhalb eines Kernluftrohres 3 angeordnet ist. Das Kernluftrohr 3 ist unter Bildung eines zylindrischen ringförmigen Kanals von einem Primär-Staubrohr 6 umgeben. Am vorderen Ende ist auf dem Kernluftrohr 3 innerhalb des Primär-Staubrohres 6 ein Strömungskörper 4 und davor ein Drallkörper 5 angeordnet.The burner shown contains an oil burner ignition lance 2 which is provided in the burner longitudinal axis 1 and which is arranged within a core air tube 3. The core air tube 3 is surrounded by a primary dust tube 6 to form a cylindrical annular channel. At the front end, a flow body 4 and in front of it a swirl body 5 are arranged on the core air tube 3 within the primary dust tube 6.

Das Primär-Staubrohr 6 ist an dem rückwärtigen Ende über einen Krümmer mit einer Staubleitung 7 verbunden, die zu einer nicht gezeigten Mühle führt. Über die Staubleitung 7 wird ein Gemisch aus Primärluft und Kohlenstaub in das Primär-Staubrohr 6 eingespeist. An dem austrittsseitigen Ende des Primär-Staubrohres 6 sind Einbauten in Form eines Stabilisierungsringes 8 angebracht, der eine radial nach innen gerichtete Kante aufweist. Diese Kante ragt in den Strom aus Primärluft und Kohlenstaub hinein.The primary dust tube 6 is connected at the rear end via a bend to a dust line 7, which leads to a mill, not shown. A mixture is created via the dust line 7 from primary air and coal dust fed into the primary dust tube 6. At the outlet end of the primary dust tube 6 internals in the form of a stabilizing ring 8 are attached, which has a radially inward edge. This edge protrudes into the stream of primary air and coal dust.

Das Primär-Staubrohr 6 ist konzentrisch in einem Ringkanal angeordnet, der von einem Primär-Gasrohr 9 gebildet wird. Dieser Ringkanal ist unter Bildung eines weiteren zylindrischen ringförmigen Kanals von einem Sekundärluftrohr 10 und dieses ist wiederum unter Bildung eines zylindrischen ringförmigen Kanals konzentrisch von einem Tertiärluftrohr 11 umgeben. Das Primär-Staubrohr 6 , das Primär-Gasrohr 9 und das Sekundärluftrohr 10 weisen an ihren austrittsseitigen Enden konisch nach außen hin erweiterte Abschnitte auf, die Abweiskehlen 12, 13, 14 für die außen an ihnen vorbei geführten Mediumströme darstellen. Das Tertiärluftrohr 11 setzt sich in die sich nach außen erweiternde Brennerkehle 15 fort.The primary dust tube 6 is arranged concentrically in an annular channel which is formed by a primary gas tube 9. This annular duct is surrounded by a secondary air tube 10 to form a further cylindrical annular duct, and this is in turn surrounded concentrically by a tertiary air tube 11 to form a cylindrical annular duct. The primary dust tube 6, the primary gas tube 9 and the secondary air tube 10 have, at their outlet ends, conically widened sections which represent deflection fillets 12, 13, 14 for the medium flows which pass them outside. The tertiary air tube 11 continues into the burner groove 15, which widens outwards.

Das Sekundärluftrohr 10 und das Tertiärluftrohr 11 des Brenners sind an dem rückwärtigen Ende jeweils mit einem spiralförmigen Einlaufgehäuse 16, 17 verbunden, die an Regelklappen 18, 19 aufnehmende Eintrittsleitungen 20, 21 angeschlossen sind und die das Sekundärluftrohr 10 mit Sekundärluft und das Tertiärluftrohr 11 mit Tertiärluft als Teilströme der Verbrennungsluft versorgen. Die Einlaufgehäuse 16, 17 sorgen für eine gleichmäßige Luftverteilung über die Ringquerschnitte des Sekundärluftrohres 10 und des Tertiärluftrohres 11.The secondary air tube 10 and the tertiary air tube 11 of the burner are each connected at the rear end to a spiral inlet housing 16, 17 which are connected to inlet lines 20, 21 receiving control flaps 18, 19 and which connect the secondary air tube 10 with secondary air and the tertiary air tube 11 with tertiary air supply as partial flows of the combustion air. The inlet housings 16, 17 ensure a uniform air distribution over the ring cross sections of the secondary air tube 10 and the tertiary air tube 11.

Unmittelbar vor dem Austrittsende ist jeweils in dem Sekundärluftrohr 10 und in dem Tertiärluftrohr 11 eine Einrichtung zur Beeinflussung des Dralls in Form eines Geschränks aus drehbar gelagerten, axialen Drallklappen 22, 23 angeordnet, die über ein nicht gezeigtes Gestänge mit Antrieb von außen verstellbar sind. Durch diese axialen Drallklappen 22, 23 wird der Sekundärluft und der Tertiärluft ein Drall von einstellbarer Größe aufgezwungen. Je nach der Anstellung gegenüber der Luftströmung verstärken oder vermindern diese Drallklappen 22, 23 den durch das Einlaufgehäuse 16, 17 bewirkten Drall des Luftstromes. In besonderen Fällen kann der Drall auch ganz aufgehoben werden.Immediately before the outlet end, a device for influencing the swirl is arranged in the form of a cupboard made of rotatably mounted, axial swirl flaps 22, 23 in the secondary air pipe 10 and in the tertiary air pipe 11, which are adjustable from the outside via a linkage (not shown) with a drive. These axial swirl flaps 22, 23 impose a swirl of adjustable size on the secondary air and the tertiary air. Depending on the employment compared to the air flow, these swirl flaps 22, 23 increase or decrease the swirl of the air flow caused by the inlet housing 16, 17. In special cases, the swirl can also be completely removed.

In der Staubleitung 7 ist in der Nähe des Brennereintrittes ein Drallkörper 24 angeordnet, der den Gemischstrom aus Primärluft und Kohlenstaub in einen äußeren, staubreichen und einen inneren, staubarmen Teilstrom aufteilt. Stromabwärts von dem Drallkörper 24 ist in der Staubleitung 7 ein Tauchrohr 25 angeordnet. An das Tauchrohr 25 ist eine Leitung 26 angeschlossen, die aus der Staubleitung 7 herausgeführt und über ein radiales Eintrittsgehäuse 31 mit dem Primär-Gasrohr 9 verbunden ist. Durch diese Anordnung wird der staubarme Teilstrom aus dem aufgeteilten Gemischstrom herausgenommen und dem Primär-Gasrohr 9 zugeführt, während nur der staubreiche und damit luftärmere Teilstrom in das Primär-Staubrohr 6 gelangt. Auf diese Weise erfolgt im Zündbereich des Brenners eine relative Anreicherung von Kohlenstaub und somit auch von flüchtigen Bestandteilen bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung des Sauerstoffangebotes. Dies führt zu einer Verringerung des Sauerstoffquotienten ω.A swirl body 24 is arranged in the dust line 7 near the burner inlet and divides the mixture flow of primary air and coal dust into an outer, dust-rich and an inner, low-dust partial flow. An immersion tube 25 is arranged in the dust line 7 downstream of the swirl body 24. A line 26 is connected to the dip tube 25, which line leads out of the dust line 7 and is connected to the primary gas tube 9 via a radial inlet housing 31. As a result of this arrangement, the low-dust partial flow is taken out of the divided mixture flow and fed to the primary gas pipe 9, while only the dust-rich and thus lower-air partial flow reaches the primary dust pipe 6. In this way, in the ignition area of the burner, there is a relative accumulation of coal dust and thus also of volatile constituents with a simultaneous reduction in the oxygen supply. This leads to a reduction in the oxygen quotient ω.

Der in Fig. 5 gezeigte Brenner entspricht weitgehend dem Brenner gemäß Fig. 4. Jedoch ist in der Staubleitung 7 kein Drallkörper angeordnet, der den Gemischstrom in zwei Teilströme aufteilt. Statt dessen ist um das Kernluftrohr 3 herum ein Gasrohr 27 angeordnet, das mit dem Kernluftrohr 3 einen Ringkanal bildet, der am Austrittsende durch eine Düsenplatte 28 versperrt ist. In dieser Düsenplatte 28 sind auf dem Umfang verteilt Gasaustrittsdüsen angeordnet. Das Gasrohr 27 ist mit einer Ringleitung 29 verbunden, an die eine Zuführungsleitung 30 angeschlossen ist. Über diese Zuführungsleitung 30 wird ein brennbares Fremdgas, z. B. Erdgas, Methangas oder Kokereigas zugeführt, das über die Düsenplatte 28 in die Primär-Zündzone eingebracht wird, die sich stromabwärts von dem Primär-Staubrohr 6 ausbildet.The burner shown in FIG. 5 largely corresponds to the burner according to FIG. 4. However, no swirl body is arranged in the dust line 7, which divides the mixture flow into two partial flows. Instead, a gas tube 27 is arranged around the core air tube 3, which forms an annular channel with the core air tube 3, which is blocked by a nozzle plate 28 at the outlet end. In this nozzle plate 28 gas outlet nozzles are arranged distributed over the circumference. The gas pipe 27 is connected to a ring line 29 to which a feed line 30 is connected. A combustible foreign gas, for. B. natural gas, methane gas or coke oven gas, which is introduced via the nozzle plate 28 into the primary ignition zone, which is formed downstream of the primary dust tube 6.

Die in den Fig. 4 und 5 dargestellten Brenner können auch, wie in Fig. 6 dargestellt, miteinander kombiniert werden.The burners shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can also be combined with one another, as shown in FIG. 6.

In dem aus dem Primär-Staubrohr 6 austretenden Primärluft-Kohlenstaub-Gemisch setzt bei ausreichend vorhandenem Wärmetransfer zum Brennstoff unmittelbar nach der Zündung die Pyrolyse des Kohlenstaubes ein. Dabei entsteht in der Primär-Zündzone ein Gemisch, das die ausgegasten flüchtigen Bestandteile der Kohle enthält. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zielt darauf ab, den Quotienten ω aus dem Sauerstoffanteil in dem Primärgas und aus dem Sauerstoffbedarf zur Verbrennung der im Primärgas vorhandenen flüchtigen Bestandteilen zu verringern. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Gemischstrom in einen staubreichen Teilstromes und einen staubarmen Teilstrom aufgeteilt, und diese Teilströme werden mit unterschiedlicher Staubbeladung über voneinander getrennte Kanäle dem Zündbereich des Brenners zugeführt. Aufgrund dieser Trennung wird der Staubanteil in dem entstehenden Primärgas erhöht und gleichzeitig das Sauerstoffangebot in diesem Bereich vermindert. Die Trennung in zwei Teilströme mit unterschiedlicher Staubbeladung wird vorzugsweise in der Staubleitung 7 unmittelbar am Brenner vorgenommen. Es ist ebenso möglich, die Trennung an einer anderen Stelle des Feuerungssystemes vorzusehen.In the primary air / coal dust mixture emerging from the primary dust tube 6, with sufficient heat transfer to the fuel, the pyrolysis of the coal dust begins immediately after ignition. This creates a mixture in the primary ignition zone that contains the outgassed volatile constituents of the coal. The method according to the invention aims to reduce the quotient ω from the oxygen content in the primary gas and from the oxygen requirement for burning the volatile constituents present in the primary gas. For this purpose, the mixture flow is divided into a dust-rich partial flow and a low-dust partial flow, and these partial flows are fed to the ignition area of the burner with different dust loads via separate channels. As a result of this separation, the proportion of dust in the primary gas formed is increased and at the same time the oxygen supply in this area is reduced. The separation into two partial flows with different dust loading is preferably carried out in the dust line 7 directly on the burner. It is also possible to provide the separation at another point in the firing system.

Die Absenkung des Sauerstoffanteils im Primärgas läßt sich auch dadurch erreichen, daß ein Teil der Luft in dem Primärluft-Kohlenstaub-Gemisch durch Rauchgas ersetzt wird. Dieses Rauchgas, das warm oder abgekühlt sein kann, wird der Luft vor deren Eintritt in die Mühle beigemischt.The reduction in the proportion of oxygen in the primary gas can also be achieved by replacing part of the air in the primary air / coal dust mixture with flue gas. This flue gas, which can be warm or cooled, is mixed into the air before it enters the mill.

Ein anderes Verfahren zur Senkung des Sauerstoffquotienten ω im Primärgas besteht darin, daß in das Primärgas über das oben beschriebene Gasrohr 27 ein brennbares Fremdgas eingebracht wird. Auf diese Weise wird der Anteil reaktionsfähiger flüchtiger Brennstoffprodukte im Primärgas erhöht und damit der Sauerstoffbedarf im Primärgas vergrößert. Die Menge dieses Fremdgases kann bis zu 20% der Brennerleistung betragen.Another method for lowering the oxygen quotient ω in the primary gas is that a flammable foreign gas is introduced into the primary gas via the gas pipe 27 described above. In this way, the share becomes more reactive volatile fuel products in the primary gas and thus the oxygen demand in the primary gas increases. The amount of this foreign gas can be up to 20% of the burner output.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zur Verminderung der Bildung von NOx bei der Verbrennung von Kohlenstaub mit Verbrennungsluft in Brennern, denen der Kohlenstaub mit Hilfe von Primärluft als ein Kohlenstaub-Primärluft-Gemisch zugeführt wird, wobei im Zündbereich der Brenner durch die Pyrolyse des Kohlenstaubes aus dem Kohlenstaub-Primärluft-Gemisch ein Primärgas mit brennbaren, gasförmigen Bestandteilen entsteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Zündbereich der mittlere Quotient aus Sauerstoffanteilen im Primärgas und aus dem Bedarf an Sauerstoff zur Verbrennung der brennbaren flüchtigen Bestandteile des Primärgases durch eine Absenkung des Sauerstoffanteils im Primärgas und/oder eine Impfung des Primärgases mit einem brennbaren Fremdgas gesenkt wird.Method for reducing the formation of NO x in the combustion of coal dust with combustion air in burners, to which the coal dust is fed with the aid of primary air as a mixture of coal dust and primary air, the burner being ignited by the pyrolysis of the coal dust from the coal dust primary air -Mixed a primary gas with combustible, gaseous constituents, characterized in that in the ignition area the mean quotient of oxygen components in the primary gas and the need for oxygen to burn the combustible volatile components of the primary gas by lowering the oxygen component in the primary gas and / or vaccination of the primary gas is lowered with a flammable foreign gas. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Staubanteil im Primärgas erhöht wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of dust in the primary gas is increased. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der Primärluft in dem Kohlenstaub-Primärluft-Gemisch durch Rauchgas ersetzt wird.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that part of the primary air in the coal dust-primary air mixture is replaced by flue gas. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil an Fremdgas bis zu 20% der Brennerleistung beträgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of extraneous gas is up to 20% of the burner output. Brenner zur Verbrennung von Kohlenstaub mit in konzentrische Teilströme aufgeteilter Verbrennungsluft, wobei der Brenner ein einen Primärluft-Kohlenstaub-Gemischstrom führendes und mit einer Staubleitung (7) verbundenes Primär-Staubrohr (6) aufweist, das von einem Sekundärluft führenden Sekundärluftrohr (10) und einem Tertiärluft führenden Tertiärluftrohr (11) umgeben ist, wobei das Sekundärluftrohr (10) und das Tertiärluftrohr (11) sich jeweils in einen sich konisch erweiternden Abschnitt (Abweiskehlen 14, 15) fortsetzen, wobei in dem Sekundärluftrohr (10) und in dem Tertiärluftrohr (11) jeweils ein Drallapparat (22, 23) angeordnet ist, wobei das Sekundärluftrohr (10) und das Tertiärluftrohr (11) jeweils mit einem spiralförmigen Einlaufgehäuse (16, 17), verbunden sind und wobei am austrittsseitigen Ende des Primär-Staubrohres (6) ein Stabilisierungsring (8) angeordnet ist, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Primär-Staubrohr (6) von einem einen Ringkanal bildenden Primär-Gasrohr (9) umgeben ist und daß das Primär-Staubrohr (6) von einem staubreichen und das Primär-Gasrohr (9) von einem staubarmen Teilstrom des Gemischstromes durchströmt ist.Burner for the combustion of coal dust with combustion air divided into concentric partial streams, the burner having a primary air-coal dust mixture stream leading and connected to a dust line (7) primary dust tube (6), which leads from a secondary air tube and a secondary air tube Tertiary air pipe (11) carrying tertiary air is surrounded, the secondary air pipe (10) and the tertiary air pipe (11) each extending into a conically widening section (deflection fillets 14, 15) continue, a swirl device (22, 23) being arranged in each case in the secondary air pipe (10) and in the tertiary air pipe (11), the secondary air pipe (10) and the tertiary air pipe (11) each having a spiral inlet housing (16, 17), are connected and wherein a stabilizing ring (8) is arranged at the outlet-side end of the primary dust tube (6) for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the primary dust tube (6) is provided by one Ring channel forming primary gas pipe (9) is surrounded and that the primary dust pipe (6) is flowed through by a dust-rich and the primary gas pipe (9) by a low-dust partial flow of the mixture stream. Brenner nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Staubleitung (7) ein Drallkörper (24) und stromabwärts von dem Drallkörper (24) ein Tauchrohr (25) angeordnet ist und daß das Tauchrohr (25) über eine nach außen geführte Leitung (26) über ein spiralförmiges Eintrittsgehäuse (31) mit dem Primär-Gasrohr (9) verbunden ist.Burner according to Claim 5, characterized in that a swirl body (24) is arranged in the dust line (7) and an immersion tube (25) is arranged downstream of the swirl body (24), and in that the immersion tube (25) via a line (26 ) is connected to the primary gas pipe (9) via a spiral inlet housing (31). Brenner zur Verbrennung von Kohlenstaub mit in konzentrische Teilströme aufgeteilter Verbrennungsluft, wobei der Brenner ein einen Primärluft-Kohlenstaub-Gemischstrom führendes und mit einer Staubleitung (7) verbundenes Primär-Staubrohr (6) aufweist, das von einem Sekundärluft führenden Sekundärluftrohr (10) und einem Tertiärluft führenden Tertiärluftrohr (11) umgeben ist, wobei das Sekundärluftrohr (10) und das Tertiärluftrohr (11) sich jeweils in einen sich konisch erweiternden Abschnitt (Abweiskehlen 14, 15) fortsetzen, wobei in dem Sekundärluftrohr (10) und in dem Tertiärluftrohr (11) jeweils ein Drallapparat (22, 23) angeordnet ist, wobei das Sekundärluftrohr (10) und das Tertiärluftrohr (11) jeweils mit einem spiralförmigen Einlaufgehäuse (16, 17), verbunden sind und wobei am austrittsseitigen Ende des Staubrohres (6) ein Stabilisierungsring (8) angeordnet ist, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß um das Kernluftrohr (3) ein einen Ringspalt bildendes Gasrohr (27) angeordnet ist, dessen Austrittsende mit einer Düsenplatte (28) versehen ist, in der Gasaustrittsdüsen angebracht sind.Burner for the combustion of coal dust with combustion air divided into concentric partial streams, the burner having a primary air-coal dust mixture stream leading and connected to a dust line (7) primary dust tube (6), which leads from a secondary air tube and a secondary air tube Tertiary air pipe (11) carrying tertiary air is surrounded, the secondary air pipe (10) and the tertiary air pipe (11) each continuing into a conically widening section (deflection fillets 14, 15), wherein in the secondary air pipe (10) and in the tertiary air pipe (11 ) a swirl apparatus (22, 23) is arranged, the secondary air tube (10) and the tertiary air tube (11) each being connected to a spiral inlet housing (16, 17), and wherein on A stabilizing ring (8) is arranged on the outlet end of the dust tube (6) for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a gas tube (27) forming an annular gap is arranged around the core air tube (3). the outlet end of which is provided with a nozzle plate (28) in which gas outlet nozzles are attached.
EP96106401A 1995-07-25 1996-04-24 Method and burner for reducing the formation of NOx when burning pulverized coal Expired - Lifetime EP0756134B1 (en)

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UA45963C2 (en) 2002-05-15
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DE19527083A1 (en) 1997-01-30
CN1152686A (en) 1997-06-25
EP0756134B1 (en) 2000-06-28
PL314866A1 (en) 1997-02-03
RU2147708C1 (en) 2000-04-20
CA2175113A1 (en) 1997-01-26
AU5461196A (en) 1997-01-30
JPH0942611A (en) 1997-02-14
PL181172B1 (en) 2001-06-29
AU727761B2 (en) 2000-12-21
DE59605487D1 (en) 2000-08-03
ZA963667B (en) 1996-11-20
US5832847A (en) 1998-11-10
DK0756134T3 (en) 2000-11-06

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