EP0753589A1 - Tête de rotor, dispositif et procédé pour le traitement de métal en fusion - Google Patents

Tête de rotor, dispositif et procédé pour le traitement de métal en fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0753589A1
EP0753589A1 EP96305113A EP96305113A EP0753589A1 EP 0753589 A1 EP0753589 A1 EP 0753589A1 EP 96305113 A EP96305113 A EP 96305113A EP 96305113 A EP96305113 A EP 96305113A EP 0753589 A1 EP0753589 A1 EP 0753589A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
melt
gas
recess
melt treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96305113A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Steven Stride
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0753589A1 publication Critical patent/EP0753589A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a melt treatment head, apparatus and method, particularly but not exclusively for the treatment of molten metals, such as aluminium.
  • orientational terms such as raised, lowered, lower etc., refer to the apparatus in its normal condition of use, as shown in Fig.l, unless otherwise stated.
  • melt molten metal
  • Two particular types of melt treatment are commonly necessary; cleaning, for instance, to remove oxides, inclusions and dissolved gases such as hydrogen; and modification and grain refining to improve the physical properties.
  • the dross produced by such treatments can normally be physically removed from the melt.
  • the chemicals may be gaseous, or solid in the form of powders or tablets; if introduced as a solid, the chemicals will typically become gaseous on exposure to the melt.
  • a manually operated plunging bell which can be used to push solid chemicals towards the bottom of a melt to this end is known; however, this device involves the operator in time consuming effort and prolonged exposure in proximity to the melt.
  • Inert gases which may be introduced to the melt include argon and nitrogen, which act to remove hydrogen, oxides and other impurities from the melt.
  • a widespread apparatus for introducing such gases comprises a hollow shaft connected to a rotor head; the gas is introduced along the shaft and into the melt via outlets in the head.
  • the shaft and head are rotated at high speed (for example 650 rpm); the rotating head produces smaller bubbles than does a non-rotating head, so that the surface area for a given volume of gas is increased, and the melt treatment is thereby enhanced.
  • the rotating head also acts to disperse the bubbles throughout the melt.
  • Such apparatus referred to herein as a rotary degassers, have been widely used since the early 1980's.
  • the present invention aims to provide a melt treatment head and a method of use to introduce the desired chemicals without undue turbulence, with low pollution levels and lower dosage requirements. It is also an aim of the invention to provide a low cost, readily controllable, mobile and independent apparatus.
  • a melt treatment head for a rotary degassing apparatus, the head having a gas inlet and one or more gas outlets in communication with the inlet, characterised in that the head has a recess to accommodate a solid melt treatment product.
  • the head can be employed in the conventional degassing mode by applying inert gas to the inlets to generate bubbles at the outlets in the melt but the head can also be used to introduce and retain solid melt treatment products, in a controlled and accurate manner.
  • the recess is in the lower surface of the head, so that the melt treatment products can consequently be introduced to the desired location with the recess resisting any bouyant or other effects detrimental to accurate positioning.
  • a single piece of equipment is consequently only needed which is not prone to blockage and significantly reduces environmental pollution.
  • the melt treatment head may further provide features from the following options.
  • the recess is concave or conical in nature. This may aid dispersion of the melt treatment products.
  • Channels may be provided in the head leading from the recess. Channels such as these, which may extend to the full height of the recess, aid in the sideways dispersion of the melt treatment products.
  • the recess may be in communication with the inlet or inlets. Again, the gas so introduced to the recess may promote dispersion.
  • the recess to inlet connection may be relatively small, for instance less than 1/2 or even less than 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the outlets, so as to control the proportion of gas leaving via the outlets as against via the recess.
  • the outlets may be radially aligned or angled downwards to give the necessary bubble conditions and aid drainage of the passages on removal from the molten metal.
  • the head may be configured to provide recessed and/or extended portions. These may serve to provide a chopping action encouraging dispersion of the bubbles and/or melt treatment products.
  • the recess may be provided with melt treatment product restraining means.
  • Complementary elements in the recess and on the melt treatment product form may be provided to ensure accurate alignment and retention.
  • the head may be mounted on a shaft component down which the gas is passed.
  • a rotary degassing apparatus incorporating a head as herein defined, the head being connected to the apparatus by a hollow shaft, the apparatus including (i) means to raise and lower the shaft and head, (ii) means to rotate the shaft and head, and (iii) means to introduce gas through the shaft and into the head.
  • the apparatus can also have one or more of the following features:-
  • the degassing element is manually movable.
  • the gas supply may comprise a compressed gas cylinder.
  • the power supply may preferably comprise a battery or mains supply, as required.
  • the counterbalanced mounting may comprise a depending arm extending from the support frame.
  • the arm is controlled by a releasable latch.
  • the control is preferably effected by a manually operated handle.
  • the apparatus is rendered movable by wheels, most preferably provided on a base member.
  • controls for the apparatus are mounted to the side, that is relative to the direction the depending arm extends in, so as to provide the operator with better access and visibility of the melt during operation, rather than obscuring the melt by the support frame etc.
  • the element is rotated.
  • the speed of rotation is varied.
  • various stages of the method can employ differing speeds.
  • the speed of rotation is lower, or even zero, during an initial stage in which the solid melt treatment product is being dispersed in the melt, and is increased during the subsequent degassing stage.
  • Gas may be introduced through the head during the whole process or only during degassing.
  • the flow rate may be varied as required.
  • the gas may be used to disperse the melt treatment product prior to its use for degassing.
  • a melt processed by the apparatus and/or method and/or head of the previous aspects or an article produced from such a melt we provide a melt processed by the apparatus and/or method and/or head of the previous aspects or an article produced from such a melt.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a support frame 3 mounted on a platform 5 which can readily be moved around by means of wheels 7a,7b of which the rear pair 7b at least are capable of changing direction.
  • the upright support 9 carries a cross member 11 upon which the shaft 13 is rotatably mounted.
  • a control unit 15 is provided to provide "on” and “off” and variable speed control for the rotation of the shaft 13 and also to control the rate of gas introduction into the shaft 13.
  • the inert gas is supplied by a self-contained source, in the form of a conventional compressed gas cylinder 17, mounted on a recess 19 accommodated within the base of the apparatus.
  • a substantially horizontal frame 21 provides handles 23 at one end to control the movement of the apparatus 1 and a bar 25 to retain the cylinder 17 in the upright position.
  • the opposing end of this frame 21 carries a protection shield 27 which substantially encloses the shaft 13 and head 29 during movement between crucibles or furnaces 31 to be treated, i.e. the head 29 is substantially surrounded by the shield 27 when in its raised position as shown in Fig.1.
  • the shield 27 will also provide some protection for the head 29 and part of the shaft 13 when the head is lowered into the melt 33.
  • the frame 21 can also carry a cowl depending downwardly from the shield, which cowl can serve to control the emission of noxious gases which may be given off from the surface of the melt during treatment.
  • a handle 35 provided on the upright frame 9 is used to lower the cross member 11 carrying the shaft 13 into, and raise it out of, crucible 31 contained within standard support and heating apparatus 36.
  • the cross member 11 is connected to a counterbalance within the upright support 9 such that an operator can easily and readily raise and lower the cross member 11, and thus control the positioning of the head 29 and shaft 13 relative to the crucible 33.
  • the handle 35 carries a spring-biassed lever 37, which lever is connected (suitably by Bowden TM cable) to a peg (not shown) which is selectively locatable in one of the spaced apertures 39 in the upright support 9.
  • the peg and apertures together comprise a latch mechanism, and enable the operator to position the cross member 11 relative to the upright support 9.
  • the lever 37 is pulled towards the handle 35, which releases the peg from its aperture.
  • Power for the shaft 13 is provided by means of an electric motor carried within cross member 11.
  • the motor can be coaxial with the shaft 13, and be in direct driving engagement therewith.
  • the motor is located adjacent the upright support 9 and drives the shaft by means of a toothed belt engaging a spindle on the shaft 13.
  • a 24 volt DC battery supply 41 accommodated on the base 5 of the apparatus 1 can provide an electrically safe power source without any need for trailing cable.
  • the control unit 15 can be used to determine the rotational speed of the shaft 13.
  • the rotational speed is variable between a number of predetermined rotational speeds conforming to the desired rotational speeds for the various stages of operation of the apparatus.
  • the predetermined rotational speeds may differ for different crucible sizes and for different melt materials.
  • the rotational speed is infinitely variable between 0 and 850 rpm.
  • the shaft 13 and head 29 are typically made from graphite, fused silica or other refractory materials.
  • the shaft 13 is hollow, and at least the lower part of the shaft as shown is formed integrally with head 29.
  • the inert gas can be introduced from cylinder 17 along central inlet 45 in the direction of arrow A, in known fashion.
  • the inlet 45 communicates with diverging outlets 47 which serve to introduce the gas to the melt 33.
  • the undersurface 49 of the head 29 is provided with a concave recess 51.
  • This recess 51 is designed to restrain a sachet, tablet or other form of solid melt treatment product (not shown) during introduction to the melt 33 and to retain it in the desired position within the melt during its dispersal.
  • the solid treatment product may be in the form of a powder wrapped in aluminium foil, the resulting sachet being bouyant relative to the melt; the aluminium foil is thick enough so that it does not itself melt and release the powder before the operator has had time to move the head to push the sachet to its desired location within the melt.
  • the melt treatment product may be a flux or other chemical adapted to clean the melt, or it may be a modifying or refining chemical, or it may be a combination of both of these. Also, the melt treatment product may include metallic sodium and/or alloy additions such as magnesium.
  • the apparatus with its integral gas and power supply can be brought to the desired location with the head 29 and shaft 13 in the raised position as shown in Fig.1.
  • the sachet, tablet or other form of melt treatment product can be floated on the melt surface by the operator directly under the head 29.
  • the operator can then, using the counterbalance cross member 11, lower the head 29 onto the tablet etc., checking all the time for correct alignment.
  • Given correct alignment the recess 51 under the head 29 retains the treatment product and pushes it under the surface of the melt and to a position controlled by the extent to which the head 29 is lowered.
  • the cross member 11 can then be latched into position by the operator.
  • control unit 15 can use control unit 15 to start slow rotation of the head 29 so as to to encourage dispersal of the treatment product within the melt.
  • the rotational speed can be increased to full degassing speeds, for example 650 rpm.
  • Gas will typically be introduced along shaft 13 during the initial stage of the process during which the melt treatment product is being dispersed though the melt, though this may be at a slower rate than during the later stages of the process, as desired for the particular application.
  • Figs.3a,b and c illustrate a second embodiment of head 129 whereby the head is provided with four outlets 147 readily connected to the gas source via inlet 145 and in which the recess 151 in the underside of the head is also connected to the gas supply by section 153.
  • the recess has a conical form.
  • Figs.4a,b and c illustrate a third embodiment of head 229 in which the outlets 247 have their outer limit in an annular groove 255 passing around the head. Portions of the head 229 above this groove have been removed to create projections 257 which develop a chopping action on the gas stream promoting smaller bubbles, and so increasing the surface area for a given volume of gas.
  • the recess 251 in the head is again concave in this embodiment.
  • Figs.5a,b and c illustrate a fourth embodiment of head 329 in which the inlet 345 is in communication with three outlets 347, the outlets being arranged at 120° spacings.
  • the recess 251 under the head is again concave in this embodiment.
  • the recess 351 is in communication with three channels 359, the channels 359 being arranged at 120° spacings.
  • the outlets 347 and the channels 359 do not intersect in this embodiment.
  • the recess 351 is approximately 45mm deep at its centre and has a maximum diameter of approximately 110mm.
  • Such a recess has been found to be suitable to retain 300 grams of powdered melt treatment product which has been wrapped in aluminium foil into a sachet approximately 100mm in diameter and approximately 50mm deep.
  • the same quantity of melt treatment product which is in tablet form will typically occupy a smaller volume and so can also be retained by the recess of Fig.5, as will tablets or sachets of smaller quantities of melt treatment product.
  • melt treatment product a larger recess can be provided, though at the addition rates possible with this invention 300 grams of melt treatment product is believed to be suitable for treating the melt which can be accommodated in most of the crucibles of which we are presently aware.
  • One such alternative is similar to the embodiment of Figs. 2, but includes radial channels leading from the recess to the cylindrical surface of the head.
  • the channels can be open to the undersurface of the head.
  • the gas inlet is connected to an outlet in the recess, so that all of the inflowing gas enters the recess.
  • the recess has upwardly directed channels (similar to the channels 359 of Fig.5) through which the gas subsequently flows, carrying melt treatment product from the recess and into the melt.
  • the preferred embodiments shown assume that the melt treatment product is bouyant, so that the recess is formed in the lower surface of the head to retain the product under the surface of the melt. It will be understood, however, that in other but less preferred embodiments the recess could be in another surface of the head, or the head could carry temporary or substantially permanent restraining means for the products. In one other embodiment, the melt treatment product is restrained in the recess by aluminium wires or tapes passing around the sachet or tablet and through one or more of the outlet channels.
  • the melt treatment product can be affixed to the head before the head is moved over the melt, so that the correct positioning is assured without the operator perhaps having to move the apparatus, or else move the melt treatment product on the surface of the melt. It is arranged that the melt treatment product is dispersed into the melt, and the restraining means melts, before the head is rotated at full degassing speed, so that the balance of the head is not adversely affected.
  • the self-contained and highly portable nature of the apparatus 1 make it particularly suitable for use on small volumes of molten metal close to the end-use location. As above described, use on small volumes close to the end-use location assist in ensuring that the melt is in its optimum condition at the point of use.
  • Flux addition rates in general down to 0.05% of melt weight have been shown to produce dry easily removable dross.
  • the use of smaller quantities of flux is particularly advantageous as not only does this represent a cost-saving in terms of flux consumption but also significantly reduces fume emissions to negligible levels.
  • the technique of the present invention has also been demonstrably advantageous in reducing hydrogen gas levels below 0.1 cm 3 /100g aluminium compared against 0.4 in the prior art techniques, and also to reduce oxide levels down from one turn to two and a half turns of the fluidity spiral test apparatus commonly used. Fluidity is reduced significantly by the presence of oxides.
  • the reduction in oxide content in a casting or moulding is particularly desirable as oxides cause crack generation particularly in highly stressed parts such as internal combustion engine pistons.
  • the present invention thus not only represents a significant improvement in terms of capital costs and user-friendliness but also provides for advantageous advances in treatment times and in achieving removal of dissolved hydrogen oxides and inclusions within the melt.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP96305113A 1995-07-12 1996-07-11 Tête de rotor, dispositif et procédé pour le traitement de métal en fusion Withdrawn EP0753589A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9514178 1995-07-12
GBGB9514178.4A GB9514178D0 (en) 1995-07-12 1995-07-12 Improvements in and relating to melt treatment apparatus and methods

Publications (1)

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EP0753589A1 true EP0753589A1 (fr) 1997-01-15

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002022900A2 (fr) * 2000-09-12 2002-03-21 Alcan International Limited Procede et dispositif servant a effectuer l'apport de materiau solide en particules a du metal en fusion
WO2002058862A2 (fr) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-01 Alcoa Inc. Systeme et procede d'injection de metal en fusion de recirculation
KR20160088350A (ko) * 2013-11-18 2016-07-25 사우쓰와이어 컴퍼니, 엘엘씨 용융 금속의 가스 제거를 위한 가스 출구를 갖는 초음파 탐침
US10640846B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2020-05-05 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1204828B (de) * 1963-03-05 1965-11-11 Herbert Pontzen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von schmelzfluessigen Metallen, insbesondere von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen, mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff
US4018598A (en) * 1973-11-28 1977-04-19 The Steel Company Of Canada, Limited Method for liquid mixing
US4437650A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-03-20 Aluminum Company Of America Briquette melting apparatus
EP0183402A2 (fr) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-04 Foseco International Limited Corps rotatif, appareil et procédé de traitement du métal en fusion
EP0245601A2 (fr) * 1986-03-05 1987-11-19 Showa Aluminum Corporation Appareil pour traiter des métaux fondus
EP0395138A1 (fr) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-31 Protecme S.R.L. Dispositif de purification de métaux fondus, en particulier de l'aluminium
EP0396267A1 (fr) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-07 Foseco International Limited Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement de métaux fondus
EP0500052A2 (fr) * 1991-02-19 1992-08-26 Foseco International Limited Dispositif de dispersion de gaz pour le raffinage d'un bain d'aluminium
EP0620285A1 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-19 Norsk Hydro A/S Dispositif pour introduire
WO1995021273A1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-10 Alcan International Limited Traitement au gaz de metaux fondus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1204828B (de) * 1963-03-05 1965-11-11 Herbert Pontzen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von schmelzfluessigen Metallen, insbesondere von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen, mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff
US4018598A (en) * 1973-11-28 1977-04-19 The Steel Company Of Canada, Limited Method for liquid mixing
US4437650A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-03-20 Aluminum Company Of America Briquette melting apparatus
EP0183402A2 (fr) * 1984-11-29 1986-06-04 Foseco International Limited Corps rotatif, appareil et procédé de traitement du métal en fusion
EP0245601A2 (fr) * 1986-03-05 1987-11-19 Showa Aluminum Corporation Appareil pour traiter des métaux fondus
EP0395138A1 (fr) * 1989-04-20 1990-10-31 Protecme S.R.L. Dispositif de purification de métaux fondus, en particulier de l'aluminium
EP0396267A1 (fr) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-07 Foseco International Limited Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement de métaux fondus
EP0500052A2 (fr) * 1991-02-19 1992-08-26 Foseco International Limited Dispositif de dispersion de gaz pour le raffinage d'un bain d'aluminium
EP0620285A1 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-19 Norsk Hydro A/S Dispositif pour introduire
WO1995021273A1 (fr) * 1994-02-04 1995-08-10 Alcan International Limited Traitement au gaz de metaux fondus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BRUNO GARIÉPY ET AL.: "The TAC process: a proven technology", JOURNAL OF METALS, vol. 36, no. 11, November 1984 (1984-11-01), WARRENDALE, USA, pages 40 - 43, XP002016599 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002022900A2 (fr) * 2000-09-12 2002-03-21 Alcan International Limited Procede et dispositif servant a effectuer l'apport de materiau solide en particules a du metal en fusion
US6589313B2 (en) 2000-09-12 2003-07-08 Alcan International Limited Process and apparatus for adding particulate solid material to molten metal
WO2002022900A3 (fr) * 2000-09-12 2003-08-28 Alcan Int Ltd Procede et dispositif servant a effectuer l'apport de materiau solide en particules a du metal en fusion
US6960239B2 (en) 2000-09-12 2005-11-01 Alcan International Limited Process and apparatus for adding particulate solid material to molten metal
WO2002058862A2 (fr) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-01 Alcoa Inc. Systeme et procede d'injection de metal en fusion de recirculation
WO2002058862A3 (fr) * 2001-01-25 2003-09-12 Alcoa Inc Systeme et procede d'injection de metal en fusion de recirculation
US10640846B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2020-05-05 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals
KR20160088350A (ko) * 2013-11-18 2016-07-25 사우쓰와이어 컴퍼니, 엘엘씨 용융 금속의 가스 제거를 위한 가스 출구를 갖는 초음파 탐침
EP3333273A1 (fr) * 2013-11-18 2018-06-13 Southwire Company, LLC Sondes ultrasonores avec sorties de gaz de dégazage de métaux en fusion
US10316387B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2019-06-11 Southwire Company, Llc Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals
KR102306057B1 (ko) 2013-11-18 2021-09-29 사우쓰와이어 컴퍼니, 엘엘씨 용융 금속의 가스 제거를 위한 가스 출구를 갖는 초음파 탐침

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Publication number Publication date
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