Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/046—Salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions
  • C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents ; Methods for using cleaning compositions
  • C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/042—Acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
  • C11D3/126—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in solid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
  • C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions

Definitions

• the present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a granular detergent component and also concerns granular detergent components comprising cationic surfactant, in particular hydrolysable cationic surfactants such as choline ester.
• choline esters are readily hydrolised, especially in alkaline conditions. Consequently such powders are unsuitable for use by dry mixing directly into commercial granular detergent compositions which are usually alkaline.
• the object of the invention is to provide a granular detergent components which comprise hydrolysable cationic surfactant and which are stable in commercial detergent compositions.
• this object is achieved by a process for the preparation of a granular detergent component comprising the steps of :
• the powder of step (i) is formed by spray drying and comprises at least 20%, preferably at least 50% by weight of choline ester.
• the powder is densified by compaction in the presence of other detergent powders.
• the powder is densified by agglomeration in the presence of other detergent powders.
• Preferred detergent powders are aluminosilicate, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, sulphate, citrate, clay or mixtures thereof.
• Preferred acids are citric, sulphuric, hydrochloric, polycarboxylic acid, or mixtures thereof.
• the invention also relates to granular detergent components having a bulk density of at least 500 g/l comprising: at least 20% by weight of cationic surfactant (preferably choline ester), and from 1% to 60% by weight of an acid (preferably from 10% to 60% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of citric, sulphuric, hydrochloric, polycarboxylic acid, or mixtures thereof), and optionally, up to 79% by weight of a detergent powder (preferably from 5% to 70% by weight of detergent powders selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicate, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, sulphate, citrate, clay or mixtures thereof), wherein the granular detergent component has a reserve acidity of at least 1.0 g HCl/100g.
• cationic surfactant preferably choline ester
• an acid preferably from 10% to 60% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of citric, sulphuric, hydrochloric, polycarboxylic acid
• Preferred cationic surfactant are choline ester derivatives such as those having the following formula : wherein R is a C 5 to C 30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, group and X is an anion, which makes the compound at least water-dispersible, preferably selected from the group consisting of halide, methyl sulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, preferably methyl sulfate, chloride, bromide or iodide, as well as those wherein the ester linkage in the above formula is replaced with a reverse ester, amide or reverse amide linkage.
• Additional preferred cationic components of the choline ester variety are given by the structural formulas below, wherein p may be from 0 to 20.
• the preferred choline-derivative cationic substances may be prepared by the direct esterification of a fatty acid of the desired chain length with dimethylaminoethanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction product is then quaternized with a methyl halide, forming the desired cationic material.
• the choline-derived cationic materials may also be prepared by the direct esterification of a long chain fatty acid of the desired chain length together with 2-haloethanol, in the presence of an acid catalyst material. The reaction product is then used to quaternize. Trimethylamine, forming the desired cationic component.
• Other suitable choline esters for use herein have the formula: wherein t is 0 or 1, y is from 1 to 20, and R and X are as defined above.
• Suitable acids include carboxylic and polycarboxylic acids such as fatty acids (C12-C18 monocarboxylic acids), mellitic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid and polymers and copolymers thereof.
• Polymeric polycarboxylate builders are also described in US-A 3 308 067, Diehl, issued March 7th 1967. Further acids suitable for use in the present invention are sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. Most preferred is citric acid
• Inorganic or P-containing detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates.
• non-phosphate builders are required in some locales.
• compositions herein function surprisingly well even in the presence of the so-called "weak” builders (as compared with phosphates) such as citrate, or in the so-called "underbuilt” situation that may occur with zeolite or layered silicate builders.
• silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a SiO 2 :Na 2 O ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck.
• NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6").
• Na SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum.
• NaSKS-6 has the delta-Na 2 SiO 5 morphology form of layered silicate. It can be prepared by methods such as those described in German DE-A-3,417,649 and DE-A-3,742,043.
• SKS-6 is a highly preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those having the general formula NaMSi x O 2x+1 ⁇ yH 2 O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be used herein.
• layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7 and NaSKS-11, as the alpha, beta and gamma forms.
• the delta-Na 2 SiO 5 (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein.
• Other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.
• Examples of carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15, 1973. Aluminosilicate builders are useful in the present invention.
• Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations.
• Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula: M z (zAlO 2 ) y ] ⁇ xH 2 O wherein z and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264.
• Useful aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived.
• aluminosilicate ion exchange materials A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued October 12, 1976.
• Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), Zeolite MAP and Zeolite X.
• the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula: Na 12 [(AlO 2 ) 12 (SiO 2 ) 12 ] ⁇ xH 2 O) wherein x is from about 20 to about 30, especially about 27. This material is known as Zeolite A.
• the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
• Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds.
• polycarboxylate refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates.
• Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt. When utilized in salt form, alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred.
• polycarboxylate builders include a variety of categories of useful materials.
• One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972. See also "TMS/TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987.
• Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S.
• Other useful detergency builders include the ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
• Citrates can also be used, especially in combination with zeolite and/or layered silicate builders.
• Oxydisuccinates are also especially useful in such compositions and combinations.
• Also suitable in the detergent compositions of the present invention are the 3,3-dicarboxy-4-oxa-1,6-hexanedioates and the related compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,566,984, Bush, issued January 28, 1986.
• Useful succinic acid builders include the C 5 -C 20 alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof. A particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid.
• succinate builders include: laurylsuccinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2-pentadecenylsuccinate, and the like.
• Laurylsuccinates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application 86200690.5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.
• Other suitable polycarboxylates are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,144,226, Crutchfield et al, issued March 13, 1979 and in U.S. Patent 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967. See also Diehl U.S. Patent 3,723,322.
• hydrophobic substances such as wax and oil.
• Waxes are hydrocarbons which are typically derived from petroleum. Three types of wax may be distinguished (see Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Edition, Wiley,Vol. 24, pages 473 and 474): paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax and semicrystalline wax.
• Paraffin wax consists principally of normal alkanes. It is composed of 40-90% normal paraffins and the remainder is C18-C36 isoalkanes and cycloalkanes. The melting point of the wax determines the actual grade and it varies between about 46°C and 71°C. Average molecular weight is between about 350 and 420.
• a suitable paraffin wax for use in the present invention is BDH Pastillated Paraffin Wax, having a melting point of 51-55 °C
• Microcrystalline and microcrystalline waxes contain substantial proportions of hydrocarbons other than normal alkanes.
• Microcrystalline waxes typically have a melting point between 60°C and 93°C. Average molecular weight is between about 600 and 800.
• a particularly preferred microcrystalline wax for use in the present invention is MMP ® , supplied by Shell.
• waxes suitable for use in the present invention are : Beeswax; Vegetable Wax, including Candelilla; Carnauba; Japan Wax; Ouricury Wax; Douglas-Fir Bark Wax; Rice Bran Wax; Jojoba; Castor Wax; Bayberry Wax; Mineral Wax, including Montan Wax and Peat Waxes; Synthetic Wax, including Polyethylene Waxes; Fischer-Tropsch Waxes (polymethylene) (45-106 °C); Chemically Modified Hydrocarbon Waxes (86-125 °C) and Substituted Amide Waxes (very high melting point ca 140 °C)
• the amount of wax and/or oil used in the granular detergent component should be from 0.005% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight and most preferably from 1% to 5% by weight of the granular detergent component.
• the process of drying as referred to herein means any process step in which water is removed. Suitable drying processes include drum drying, vacuum drying, flaking, oven drying and spray drying. Spray drying is most preferred.
• the process of densification as referred to herein means any treatment of powder which results in an increase in bulk density of at least 100 g/l, and prefereably of at least 200 g/l.
• Highly preferred densification processes are agglomeration and compaction.
• Alternative densification processes include extruding, pressing, milling and pelletizing. Final sizing can then be achieved by grinding and screening.
• powdered cationic surfactant is fed into a high shear mixer, such as a Loedige CB®.
• a high shear mixer such as a Loedige CB®.
• detergent powder and liquid binder are fed into the mixer; the two components being intimately mixed.
• the acid maybe introduced into the agglomeration process as a component of the powdered cationic surfactant, as a component of the detergent powder, as a components of the liquid binder, or a combination of any or all of these.
• the agglomeration process is completed in a second mixer, such as a Loedige KM® into which a powdered flow aid such as zeolite A may be added.
• the agglomerated product is preferably dried to the required finished product moisture level
• a highly preferred compaction process is described in detail in EP-A 0 220 024, (P&G), published on 29th April 1987.
• base granules are prepared by drying an aqueous slurry comprising, in the process of the present invention, cationic surfactant.
• the base granules are then mixed with detergent builder material and compacted at a pressure of preferably from 140 kPa to 2 MPa.
• An example of suitable compaction equipment is the chilsonator.
• Polycarboxylic acid in this example was a co-polymer of maleic and acrylic acid with a molecular weight of about 60 000.
• the choline ester powder (100%) was prepared in lab scale drying apparatus and subsequently treated by the following agglomeration process.
• the powders of choline ester citric acid and zeolite are added to a Braun food mixer.
• the polycarboxylic acid is poured slowly onto the powder mix as the blade is turning.
• a dusting of zeolite is added and then the agglomerates are dried in a lab scale fluid bed dryer at 80°C to remove all the free moisture.
• the resulting granular detergent component (the agglomerate) had a reserve acidity of 9.1 g HCl/100g
• Polycarboxylic acid in this example was a co-polymer of maleic and acrylic acid with a molecular weight of about 60 000.
• the choline ester powder was prepared by spray drying and subsequently treated by the same agglomeration process as in example 1.
• the resulting granular component (the agglomerate) has a reserve acidity of 9.1 g HCl/100g.
• the choline ester powder was spray-dried and subsequently treated by the following compaction process .
• the powder from the spray drying process is dry mixed with powdered citric acid.
• the mix is then added to the die of a Ward Forsyth batch tabletting press and pressed for a few seconds at a pressure of around 2 MPa.
• the subsequent tablet is ground up in a coffee grinder to form granules which are then dusted with zeolite.
• the resulting granular detergent component has a reserve alkalinity of 2.3 g G HCl/100 g.
• Citric acid was added to aqueous solution of choline ester during its synthesis. Powdered zeolite was then added to the solution and this product was then dried in an oven to remove all the free water and then ground up in a Moulinex coffee grinder. This powder was then compacted in the same manner as in example 3
• the resulting granular detergent component had a reserve alkalinity of 2.3g HCl/100g.
• Polycarboxylic acid in this example was a co-polymer of maleic and acrylic acid with a molecular weight of about 60 000.
• Citric acid was added to aqueous solution of choline ester during its synthesis. Powdered zeolite and additional powdered citric acid were then added to the solution. This product was then dried in an oven to remove all the free water and then ground up in a Moulinex coffee grinder. This powder was then treated by the same agglomeration process as in example 1.
• the resulting granular detergent component had a reserve alkalinity of 9.1 g HCl/100g.

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• 1995
  • 1995-07-10 EP EP95304794A patent/EP0753571A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1996
  • 1996-07-03 BR BR9609732A patent/BR9609732A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-07-03 CA CA 2226568 patent/CA2226568A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-07-03 WO PCT/US1996/011274 patent/WO1997003154A2/en active Application Filing
  • 1996-07-10 AR ARP960103522A patent/AR002800A1/es unknown

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