EP0752153A1 - Arc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gasses - Google Patents

Arc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gasses

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Publication number
EP0752153A1
EP0752153A1 EP95913022A EP95913022A EP0752153A1 EP 0752153 A1 EP0752153 A1 EP 0752153A1 EP 95913022 A EP95913022 A EP 95913022A EP 95913022 A EP95913022 A EP 95913022A EP 0752153 A1 EP0752153 A1 EP 0752153A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier
webs
arc
quenching
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95913022A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0752153B1 (en
EP0752153B2 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Manthe
Martin Böttcher
Günter SEIDLER-STAHL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0752153A1 publication Critical patent/EP0752153A1/en
Publication of EP0752153B1 publication Critical patent/EP0752153B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0752153B2 publication Critical patent/EP0752153B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes

Definitions

  • Arc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gases
  • the invention relates to an arc quenching chamber for a circuit breaker with a chamber housing, in the chamber housing arranged arc guide rails and with mutually spaced quenching plates and with a three-barrier cooling arrangement arranged above the quenching plates for emerging arc gases, the first barrier directly above the quenching plates and the second barrier is arranged at a distance from the first barrier and wherein the first and the second barrier are directed parallel to end faces of the quenching plates
  • An arc quenching chamber of the aforementioned type is known from US-A-3 005 892.
  • the barriers are formed by slotted or perforated plate-shaped insert pieces in the chamber housing. These components are exposed to very high stresses during the operation of the circuit breaker. With regard to a sufficient lifespan of the parts, therefore, only a limited cooling effect can be achieved. This affects the safety distance to earthed components, which must be observed when installing the circuit breaker in a switchgear in order to avoid an electrical flashover due to the escape of hot ionized gases from the arc quenching chamber.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the cooling effect of the arrangement of barriers with the smallest possible dimensions and long life so that the Exit side of the arc quenching chamber requires only a minimal safety distance from earthed components.
  • the first barrier is formed by webs of the chamber housing, which are arranged in double division of the extinguishing plates and serve as abutments for one extinguishing plate,
  • the second barrier is also formed by webs of the chamber housing, which are arranged offset from the webs of the first barrier by the pitch of the quenching plates and
  • the width and height of the webs correspond approximately to the pitch of the fire extinguishing plates.
  • the web arrangement can be designed to be substantially more resistant than slotted or perforated plate-shaped components and that the entire arc quenching chamber can therefore be designed for a higher pressure of arc gases.
  • the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the construction of compact circuit breakers with high switching capacity.
  • An arrangement of webs above the quenching plates of an arc quenching chamber in such a way that every second of the quenching plates rests on a web is known per se from DE-A-35 41 514.
  • the webs also form an outlet grille for arc gases. If these are to be cooled to such an extent that only a very small or no significant distance from earthed components can be maintained, the normal arc quenching chamber is provided with an attachment piece, the entry side of which is above the web arrangement.
  • an arc quenching chamber is created by the invention, which does not require an additional attachment piece and, despite its small dimensions, requires only a minimal distance from earthed components.
  • the cooling chamber located between the second and the third barrier is designed as a mixing chamber, into which the arc gases pass not only through the first and the second barrier, but also laterally past it can occur.
  • an arc guide rail and the subsequent quenching plate are covered by an end web, in such a way that arc gases. n
  • the cooling chamber located between the second and the third barrier can only enter along the webs of the second barrier.
  • the webs in the design given at the beginning have the property of exerting a stronger directivity on the arcs 3e than slotted plates are capable of.
  • This property can be further improved in that the webs of the first and second barriers have an approximately square cross-sectional shape and that the distance between the barriers is 0.1 to 0.5 times the height of the webs.
  • This arrangement forces the arc gases to flow through the first and the second barrier twice, changing the direction of 90 °, partial flows of the gases being directed against one another above the webs of the first barrier and thereby braked. The gases then enter the cooling chamber with intensive vortex formation and expansion and thereby largely lose their ionization. At the exit side of the third barrier are therefore the temperature and the
  • the degree of ionization of the gases is reduced so much that only a small safety distance from earthed parts has to be observed.
  • Extinguishing sheets receiving shaft body and an end body closing the shaft body at the top, B. has become known from DE-C-29 05 854, the first, the second and the third barrier can be part of the end body.
  • This design proves to be favorable for the producibility of the web arrangement with great strength.
  • every second of the quenching plates lies against a web of the first barrier.
  • a separate fastening device for the respective intermediate baffle plates can be dispensed with in that the webs of the first barrier are connected by an edge-side transverse web which forms an abutment for every second baffle plate which does not abut one of the webs of the first barrier.
  • the exit openings of the third barrier can be slit-like and arranged parallel to the webs of the first and the second barrier, but offset relative to them, in an end wall of the end body.
  • the number and arrangement of these outlet openings can influence the dwell time of the arc gases in the cooling chamber and their flow rate. This can be done in particular in that the outlet openings are arranged in a division that differs from the webs of the first and the second barrier.
  • the end body can be produced as a uniform hollow body from a thermosetting plastic.
  • the arc-quenching chamber according to the invention therefore has no additional metal parts apart from the quenching plates, which are to be produced and assembled separately.
  • Figure 1 shows an arc quenching chamber of a low-voltage circuit breaker with a movable switch contact in section.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the arc quenching chamber according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 An end piece of the arc quenching chamber according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. 3 with a view of the underside facing the interior.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are sections IV-IV and V-V in Figure 3.
  • the arc quenching chamber 1 according to FIG. 1 is part of a low-voltage circuit breaker for use up to 1000 V and a switching capacity of up to approximately 100,000 A.
  • the structure of the circuit breaker is otherwise not essential to the invention, it is only an upper one Connection rail 2 with a fixed contact piece 3 and an associated movable contact lever 4 with an arcing horn 5 are shown.
  • the switch-on position is extended, the switch-off position of the contact lever 4 is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the arc quenching chamber 1 has a two-part chamber housing 6 with a lower shaft body 7 and an end body 8 closing this at the top. Extinguishing plates 10 are arranged in the shaft body 7 at a mutual distance. This quenching plate arrangement is completed on both sides by an arc guide rail 11 or 12, the left-hand arc guide rail 11 being at a short distance from a stationary arc horn 13 and the right-hand arc guide rail 12 being angled at the lower end in such a way that the movable contact lever with its arc horn 5 in the Switch-off position at the end of the bend.
  • the quenching plates 10 end in a plane near the upper end of the shaft body 7 and are secured against displacement in the longitudinal direction by the end body 8.
  • a web 15 of the end body 8 faces an end face 14 of every second quenching plate 10.
  • a left end web 16 and a right end web 17 are wider than the webs 15, in such a way that the last baffle plate 10 and the subsequent arc guide rail 11 or 12 abut the end web 16 or 17.
  • the webs 15 in connection with the end webs 16 and 17 form a first barrier 20 for arcing gases which arise during switching and which have to be cooled and ionized before exiting into the free environment.
  • a second barrier 22 formed by webs 21.
  • the webs 21 are arranged displaced by a division unit of the extinguishing plates 10, so that every second extinguishing plate is spaced apart by a web 21.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the webs 15 and 21 has the same and approximately square shape according to FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the width b and the height h of the webs 15 and 21 correspond approximately to the pitch t of the extinguishing plates 10.
  • a third barrier 24 is formed by an end wall 23 of the end body 8.
  • the end wall 23 contains the outlet openings 26 (FIG. 2) through which the cooled and deionized arc gases leave the arc quenching chamber 1.
  • the first and second barriers 20 and 22 are only a small mutual distance d (FIG. 4), which is approximately a quarter of the width b and the height h of the webs 15 and 21, between the second and the third Barrier 22 and 24, a larger distance is provided, through which a cooling chamber 25 is formed.
  • the outlet openings 26 of the third barrier 24 are elongated and arranged parallel to the webs 15 and 21 of the first and second barriers 20 and 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows in greater detail, the webs 15 of the first barrier 20 are connected to one another at the edge by a cross web 27. As a result, a contact surface is also formed for those quenching plates 10 which do not abut the webs 15 of the first barrier 20. Furthermore, when comparing FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the outlet openings 26 are shorter than the openings formed by the webs 15 and 21. The pitch of the outlet openings 26 is also chosen to deviate from the pitch t (FIG. 1) of the webs 15 and 21. This avoids that an intermediate space of the webs 21 is just opposite an outlet opening 26.
  • the end body 8 has projecting edge pieces 30, 31 and 32 and 33 on all sides for resting on the front end of the shaft body 7. Through holes 34 in the corners of the edge pieces mentioned are for connecting the end body 8 and The shaft body 7 is provided by means of screws 35.
  • the contact lever 4 is moved from the position shown in solid lines to the position shown in broken lines.
  • the resulting switching arc is transferred from the fixed switching piece 3 and the arcing horn 5 of the contact lever 4 to the arc guide rails 11 and 12. Due to magnetic and thermal buoyancy forces
  • Switching arc then into the quenching plate arrangement (quenching plates 10, Figure 1) and is split there into a number of partial arcs corresponding to the number of quenching plates 10.
  • the arcing gases that occur until the switching arc is extinguished escape through the arrangement of barriers 20, 22 and 24 to the outside.
  • the webs 15 of the first barrier 20 practice because of their relatively large height and their parallel flanks have a directivity on the gas flow.
  • the partial flows of the gas then strike the lower surfaces of the webs 21 of the barrier 22 and are forced to deflect by approximately 90 ° due to the small distance d between the webs 15 and 21.
  • the residence time of the arc gases in the cooling chamber 25 can be influenced by the dimensioning of the outlet openings 26.
  • the arrangement described only takes up a relatively small part of the total height of the arc quenching chamber 1 no conductive parts such as wire mesh, mesh made of expanded metal or similar elements are required to achieve the desired cooling and deionization of the arc gases. Therefore, the described arc quenching chamber 1 is also characterized by a high level of security against electrical flashovers on the outlet side of the quenching plates 10. The safety distance to earthed components is reduced to a small amount of about 20 - 60 mm.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

An arc quenching chamber (1) for a power switch has a shaft-shaped body (6) with quenching baffles (10) and an end body (7) that closes the top of the shaft-shaped body (6). The end body (7) contains three barriers (20, 22, 24) for arc gasses. The first and second barriers (20, 22) have strips (15, 21) with an approximately square cross-section mutually spaced apart by twice the distance between the extinguishing baffles (10). Above the second barrier is located a cooling chamber (25) that is outwardly closed by the third barrier (24) provided with outlets (26).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit drei Barrieren für den Durchtritt von LichtbogengasenArc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gases
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer für einen Leistungsschalter mit einem Kammergehäuse, in dem Kammer¬ gehäuse angeordneten Lichtbogenleitschienen und mit in gegenseitigem Abstand abgestützten Löschblechen sowie mit einer oberhalb der Löschbleche angeordneten, drei Barrieren umfassenden Kühlanordnung für austretende Lichtbogengase, wobei die erste Barriere unmittelbar oberhalb der Löschbleche und die zweite Barriere im Abstand von der ersten Barriere angeordnet ist und wobei die erste und die zweite Barriere parallel zu Stirnflächen der Löschbleche gerichteteThe invention relates to an arc quenching chamber for a circuit breaker with a chamber housing, in the chamber housing arranged arc guide rails and with mutually spaced quenching plates and with a three-barrier cooling arrangement arranged above the quenching plates for emerging arc gases, the first barrier directly above the quenching plates and the second barrier is arranged at a distance from the first barrier and wherein the first and the second barrier are directed parallel to end faces of the quenching plates
Durchtrittsöffnungen besitzen, ferner mmit einer an die zweite Barriere anschließenden, nach außen durch die mit Austrittsöffnungen versehene dritte Barriere abgeschlossenen Kühlkammer.Have passage openings, furthermore, with a cooling chamber which adjoins the second barrier and is closed off from the outside by the third barrier provided with outlet openings.
Eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer der vorstehend genannten Art ist durch die US-A-3 005 892 bekannt geworden. Die Barrieren werden hierbei durch geschlitzte bzw. gelochte plattenförmige Einlagestücke im Kammergehäuse gebildet. Diese Bauteile sind im Betrieb des Leistungsschalters sehr hohen Beanspruchungen ausgesetz . Mit Rücksicht auf eine ausreichende Lebensdauer der Teile ist daher nur eine beschränkte Kühlwirkung erzielbar. Diese wirkt sich auf den Sicherheitsabstand zu geerdeten Bauteilen aus, der beim Einbau des Leistungs- Schalters in eine Schaltanlage einzuhalten ist, um einen elektrischen Überschlag aufgrund des Austretens heißer ionisierter Gase aus der Lichtbogenlöschkammer zu vermeiden.An arc quenching chamber of the aforementioned type is known from US-A-3 005 892. The barriers are formed by slotted or perforated plate-shaped insert pieces in the chamber housing. These components are exposed to very high stresses during the operation of the circuit breaker. With regard to a sufficient lifespan of the parts, therefore, only a limited cooling effect can be achieved. This affects the safety distance to earthed components, which must be observed when installing the circuit breaker in a switchgear in order to avoid an electrical flashover due to the escape of hot ionized gases from the arc quenching chamber.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Kühlwirkung der Anordnung von Barrieren bei möglichst geringen Abmessungen und hoher Lebensdauer derart zu verbessern, daß an der Austrittsseite der Lichtbogenlöschkammer nur ein minimaler Sicherheitsabstand zu geerdeten Bauteilen benötigt wird.The invention has for its object to improve the cooling effect of the arrangement of barriers with the smallest possible dimensions and long life so that the Exit side of the arc quenching chamber requires only a minimal safety distance from earthed components.
Die Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch folgende Merkmale gelöst:The object is achieved according to the invention by the following features:
- die erste Barriere ist durch im doppelten Teilungsmaß der Löschbleche angeordnete, als Widerlager für je ein Löschblech dienende Stege des Kammergehäuses gebildet,the first barrier is formed by webs of the chamber housing, which are arranged in double division of the extinguishing plates and serve as abutments for one extinguishing plate,
- die zweite Barriere ist gleichfalls durch Stege des Kammergehäuses gebildet, die gegenüber den Stegen der ersten Barriere um das Teilungsmaß der Löschbleche versetzt angeordnet sind und- The second barrier is also formed by webs of the chamber housing, which are arranged offset from the webs of the first barrier by the pitch of the quenching plates and
- die Breite und die Höhe der Stege entsprechen etwa dem Teilungsmaß der Löschbleche.- The width and height of the webs correspond approximately to the pitch of the fire extinguishing plates.
Es erweist sich, daß die Steganordnung wesentlich wider¬ standsfähiger als geschlitzte bzw. gelochte plattenförmige Bauteile ausführbar ist und daher die gesamte Lichtbogen¬ löschkammer für einen höheren Druck von Lichtbogengasen ausgelegt werden kann. Daher eignet sich die Erfindung insbesondere für den Bau kompakter Leistungsschalter mit hohem Schaltvermögen.It has been found that the web arrangement can be designed to be substantially more resistant than slotted or perforated plate-shaped components and that the entire arc quenching chamber can therefore be designed for a higher pressure of arc gases. The invention is therefore particularly suitable for the construction of compact circuit breakers with high switching capacity.
Eine Anordnung von Stegen oberhalb der Löschbleche einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer in der Weise, daß jedes zweite der Löschbleche an einem Steg anliegt, ist an sich durch die DE-A-35 41 514 bekannt geworden. Die Stege bilden dabei zugleich ein Austrittsgitter für Lichtbogengase. Sollen diese soweit abgekühlt werden, daß nur noch ein sehr geringer oder kein nennenswerter Abstand zu geerdeten Bauteilen einzuhalten ist, so wird die normale Lichtbogenlöschkammer mit einem Aufsatzstück versehen, dessen Eintrittsseite sich oberhalb der Steganordnung befindet. Demgegenüber wird durch die Erfindung eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer geschaffen, die keines zusätzlichen Aufsatzstückes bedarf und trotz geringer Abmessungen nur einen minimalen Abstand zu geerdeten Bauteilen erfordert. Bei der Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach der eingangs genannten US- A-3 005 892 ist die zwischen der zweiten und der dritten Barriere gelegene Kühlkammer als Mischkammer ausgebildet, in die Lichtbogengase nicht nur durch die erste und die zweite Barriere hindurch, sondern auch seitlich an diesen vorbei direkt eintreten können. Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden demgegenüber jeweils eine Lichtbogen¬ leitschiene und das anschließende Löschblech von einem Endsteg überdeckt, derart, daß Lichtbogengase . n die zwischen der zweiten und der dritten Barriere befindlichen Kühlkammer nur entlang den Stegen der zweiten Barriere eintreten können.An arrangement of webs above the quenching plates of an arc quenching chamber in such a way that every second of the quenching plates rests on a web is known per se from DE-A-35 41 514. The webs also form an outlet grille for arc gases. If these are to be cooled to such an extent that only a very small or no significant distance from earthed components can be maintained, the normal arc quenching chamber is provided with an attachment piece, the entry side of which is above the web arrangement. In contrast, an arc quenching chamber is created by the invention, which does not require an additional attachment piece and, despite its small dimensions, requires only a minimal distance from earthed components. In the arc quenching chamber according to the above-mentioned US-A-3 005 892, the cooling chamber located between the second and the third barrier is designed as a mixing chamber, into which the arc gases pass not only through the first and the second barrier, but also laterally past it can occur. According to a further embodiment of the invention, an arc guide rail and the subsequent quenching plate are covered by an end web, in such a way that arc gases. n The cooling chamber located between the second and the third barrier can only enter along the webs of the second barrier.
Neben einer gegenüber geschlitzten plattenförmigen Teilen größeren mechanischen Festigkeit haben die Stege in der eingangs a -gebenen Bemessung die Eigenschaft, auf die Lichtbogen 3e eine stärkere Richtwirkung auszuüben, als dies geschlitzte Platten vermögen. Diese Eigenschaft kann noch dadurch verbessert werden, daß die Stege der ersten und der zweiten Barriere eine etwa quadratische Querschnittsform aufweisen und daß der Abstand zwischen den Barrieren das 0,1- bis 0,5-fache der Höhe der Stege beträgt. Diese Anordnung zwingt die Lichtbogengase beim Durchströmen der ersten und der zweiten Barriere zu einer zweimaligen Richtungsänderung von 90°, wobei Teilströme der Gase oberhalb der Stege der ersten Barriere gegeneinander gelenkt und dadurch abgebremst werden. Die Gase treten dann unter intensiver Wirbelbildung und Expansion in die Kühlkammer ein und verlieren dabei zum größten Teil ihre Ionisierung. An der Austrittsseite der dritten Barriere sind daher die Temperatur und derIn addition to a greater mechanical strength than slotted plate-shaped parts, the webs in the design given at the beginning have the property of exerting a stronger directivity on the arcs 3e than slotted plates are capable of. This property can be further improved in that the webs of the first and second barriers have an approximately square cross-sectional shape and that the distance between the barriers is 0.1 to 0.5 times the height of the webs. This arrangement forces the arc gases to flow through the first and the second barrier twice, changing the direction of 90 °, partial flows of the gases being directed against one another above the webs of the first barrier and thereby braked. The gases then enter the cooling chamber with intensive vortex formation and expansion and thereby largely lose their ionization. At the exit side of the third barrier are therefore the temperature and the
Ionisierungsgrad der Gase so stark erniedrigt, daß lediglich noch ein geringer Sicherheitsabstand zu geerdeten Teilen zu beachten ist.The degree of ionization of the gases is reduced so much that only a small safety distance from earthed parts has to be observed.
Bei einer Unterteilung des Kammergehäuses in einen dieWhen dividing the chamber housing into one
Löschbleche aufnehmenden Schachtkörper und einen den Schacht- körper oben abschließenden Endkörper, wie dies an sich z. B. durch die DE-C-29 05 854 bekannt geworden ist, können die erste, die zweite und die dritte Barriere Bestandteil des Endkörpers sein. Diese Gestaltung erweist sich als günstig für die Herstellbarkeit der Steganordnung bei großer Festigkeit. Wie bereits erwähnt, liegt jedes zweite der Löschbleche an einem Steg der ersten Barriere an. Eine gesonderte Befestigungseinrichtung für die jeweils dazwischen liegenden Löschbleche kann dadurch entbehrlich werden, daß die Stege der ersten Barriere durch einen randseitigen Quersteg verbunden sind, der ein Widerlager für jedes zweite, nicht an einem der Stege der ersten Barriere anliegende Löschblech bildet. Durch das Aufsetzen des Endkörpers auf den Schachtkörper werden somit alle Löschbleche erfaßt und gegen Verschiebung gesichert.Extinguishing sheets receiving shaft body and an end body closing the shaft body at the top, B. has become known from DE-C-29 05 854, the first, the second and the third barrier can be part of the end body. This design proves to be favorable for the producibility of the web arrangement with great strength. As already mentioned, every second of the quenching plates lies against a web of the first barrier. A separate fastening device for the respective intermediate baffle plates can be dispensed with in that the webs of the first barrier are connected by an edge-side transverse web which forms an abutment for every second baffle plate which does not abut one of the webs of the first barrier. By placing the end body on the shaft body, all the baffle plates are thus gripped and secured against displacement.
Die Austrittsoffnungen der dritten Barriere können schlitz- artig ausgebildet und parallel zu den Stegen der ersten und der zweiten Barriere, jedoch gegenüber diesen versetzt, in einer Stirnwand des Endkörpers angeordnet sein. Durch die Zahl und die Anordnung dieser Austrittsöffnungen kann die Verweildauer der Lichtbogengase in der Kühlkammer und ihre Strömungsgeschwindigkeit beeinflußt werden. Dies kann insbesondere dadurch geschehen, daß die Austrittsöffnungen in einer gegenüber den Stegen der ersten und der zweiten Barriere abweichenden Teilung angeordnet sind. Der Endkörper kann als einheitlicher Hohlkörper aus einem duroplastischen Kunststoff hergestellt sein.The exit openings of the third barrier can be slit-like and arranged parallel to the webs of the first and the second barrier, but offset relative to them, in an end wall of the end body. The number and arrangement of these outlet openings can influence the dwell time of the arc gases in the cooling chamber and their flow rate. This can be done in particular in that the outlet openings are arranged in a division that differs from the webs of the first and the second barrier. The end body can be produced as a uniform hollow body from a thermosetting plastic.
Im Unterschied zu vielfach bisher üblichen Ausblasdämpfern an Lichtbogenlöschkammern weist somit die Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach der Erfindung außer den Löschblechen keine zusätzlichen Metallteile auf, die gesondert herzustellen und zu montieren sind.In contrast to blow-off dampers on arc-quenching chambers, which have been customary to date in many cases, the arc-quenching chamber according to the invention therefore has no additional metal parts apart from the quenching plates, which are to be produced and assembled separately.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand des in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer eines Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalters mit einem bewegbaren Schaltkontakt im Schnitt .The invention is explained below with reference to the embodiment shown in the figures. Figure 1 shows an arc quenching chamber of a low-voltage circuit breaker with a movable switch contact in section.
Eine Draufsicht der Lichtbogenlöschkammer gemäß der Figur 1 zeigt die Figur 2.FIG. 2 shows a top view of the arc quenching chamber according to FIG. 1.
Ein Endstück der Lichtbogenlöschkammer gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ist in der Figur 3 mit Blick auf die dem Innenraum zugewandte Unterseite gezeigt.An end piece of the arc quenching chamber according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. 3 with a view of the underside facing the interior.
Die Figuren 4 und 5 sind Schnitte IV-IV bzw. V-V in der Figur 3.Figures 4 and 5 are sections IV-IV and V-V in Figure 3.
Die Lichtbogenlöschkammer 1 gemäß der Figur 1 ist Bestandteil eines Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalters für den Einsatz bis 1000 V und ein Schaltvermögen bis etwa 100 000 A. Im Hinblick darauf, daß der Aufbau des Leistungsschalters im übrigen für die Erfindung nicht wesentlich ist, sind nur eine obere Anschlußεchiene 2 mit einem feststehenden Schaltstück 3 und ein zugehöriger bewegbarer Kontakthebel 4 mit einem Licht- bogenhorn 5 gezeigt. Ausgezogen ist die Einschaltstellung, strichpunktiert die Ausschaltstellung des Kontakthebels 4 angedeutet .The arc quenching chamber 1 according to FIG. 1 is part of a low-voltage circuit breaker for use up to 1000 V and a switching capacity of up to approximately 100,000 A. In view of the fact that the structure of the circuit breaker is otherwise not essential to the invention, it is only an upper one Connection rail 2 with a fixed contact piece 3 and an associated movable contact lever 4 with an arcing horn 5 are shown. The switch-on position is extended, the switch-off position of the contact lever 4 is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
Die Lichtbogenlöschkammer 1 weist ein zweiteiliges Kammer¬ gehäuse 6 mit einem unteren Schachtkörper 7 und einen diesen oben abschließenden Endkörper 8 auf. In dem Schachtkörper 7 sind mit gegenseitigem Abstand Löschbleche 10 angeordnet. Diese Löschblechanordnung wird beideseitig durch je eine Lichtbogenleitschiene 11 bzw. 12 abgeschlossen, wobei der linken Lichtbogenleitschiene 11 mit geringem Abstand ein ortsfestes Lichtbogenhorn 13 gegenübersteht und die rechte Lichtbogenleitschiene 12 am unteren Ende derart abgewinkelt ausgebildet ist, daß der bewegbare Kontakthebel mit seinem Lichtbogenhorn 5 in der Ausschaltstellung am Ende der Abwinklung anliegt. Die Löschbleche 10 enden in einer Ebene nahe dem oberen Ende des Schachtkörpers 7 und sind gegen Verschiebung in Längs¬ richtung durch den Endkörper 8 gesichert. Hierzu steht einer Stirnfläche 14 jedes zweiten Löschbleches 10 ein Steg 15 des Endkörpers 8 gegenüber. Ein linker Endsteg 16 und ein rechter Endsteg 17 sind breiter als die Stege 15 ausgebildet, und zwar derart, daß jeweils das letzte Löschblech 10 und die anschließende Lichtbogenleitschiene 11 bzw. 12 an dem Endsteg 16 bzw. 17 anliegen. Die Stege 15 in Verbindung mit den End¬ stegen 16 und 17 bilden eine erste Barriere 20 für Licht¬ bogengase, die beim Schalten entstehen und die vor dem Austritt in die freie Umgebung abzukühlen und zu en ioni¬ sieren sind.The arc quenching chamber 1 has a two-part chamber housing 6 with a lower shaft body 7 and an end body 8 closing this at the top. Extinguishing plates 10 are arranged in the shaft body 7 at a mutual distance. This quenching plate arrangement is completed on both sides by an arc guide rail 11 or 12, the left-hand arc guide rail 11 being at a short distance from a stationary arc horn 13 and the right-hand arc guide rail 12 being angled at the lower end in such a way that the movable contact lever with its arc horn 5 in the Switch-off position at the end of the bend. The quenching plates 10 end in a plane near the upper end of the shaft body 7 and are secured against displacement in the longitudinal direction by the end body 8. For this purpose, a web 15 of the end body 8 faces an end face 14 of every second quenching plate 10. A left end web 16 and a right end web 17 are wider than the webs 15, in such a way that the last baffle plate 10 and the subsequent arc guide rail 11 or 12 abut the end web 16 or 17. The webs 15 in connection with the end webs 16 and 17 form a first barrier 20 for arcing gases which arise during switching and which have to be cooled and ionized before exiting into the free environment.
Oberhalb der Barriere 20 befindet sich eine zweite, durch Stege 21 gebildete Barriere 22. Die Stege 21 sind um eine Teilungseinheit der Löschbleche 10 verschoben angeordnet, so daß jedem zweiten Löschblech ein Steg 21 mit einem Abstand gegenübersteht.Above the barrier 20 there is a second barrier 22 formed by webs 21. The webs 21 are arranged displaced by a division unit of the extinguishing plates 10, so that every second extinguishing plate is spaced apart by a web 21.
Die Querschnittsform der Stege 15 und 21 ist gemäß den Figuren 1 und 4 gleich und annähernd quadratisch geformt. Dabei entsprechen die Breite b und die Höhe h der Stege 15 und 21 etwa dem Teilungsmaß t der Löschbleche 10. Eine dritte Barriere 24 wird durch eine Stirnwand 23 des Endkörpers 8 gebildet. Die Stirnwand 23 enthält die Austrittsöffnungen 26 (Figur 2) , durch welche die abgekühlten und entionisierten Lichtbogengase die Lichtbogenlöschkammer 1 verlassen. Während die erste und die zweite Barriere 20 bzw. 22 nur einen geringen gegenseitigen Abstand d aufweisen (Figur 4) , der etwa ein Viertel der Breite b bzw. der Höhe h der Stege 15 bzw. 21 beträgt, ist zwischen der zweiten und der dritten Barriere 22 bzw. 24 ein größerer Abstand vorgesehen, durch den eine Kühlkammer 25 gebildet wird. Die Austrittsöffnungen 26 der dritten Barriere 24 sind länglich ausgebildet und parallel zu den Stegen 15 und 21 der ersten und der zweiten Barriere 20 und 22 angeordnet.The cross-sectional shape of the webs 15 and 21 has the same and approximately square shape according to FIGS. 1 and 4. The width b and the height h of the webs 15 and 21 correspond approximately to the pitch t of the extinguishing plates 10. A third barrier 24 is formed by an end wall 23 of the end body 8. The end wall 23 contains the outlet openings 26 (FIG. 2) through which the cooled and deionized arc gases leave the arc quenching chamber 1. While the first and second barriers 20 and 22 are only a small mutual distance d (FIG. 4), which is approximately a quarter of the width b and the height h of the webs 15 and 21, between the second and the third Barrier 22 and 24, a larger distance is provided, through which a cooling chamber 25 is formed. The outlet openings 26 of the third barrier 24 are elongated and arranged parallel to the webs 15 and 21 of the first and second barriers 20 and 22.
Wie näher die Figur 3 zeigt, sind die Stege 15 der ersten Barriere 20 randseitig durch einen Quersteg 27 miteinander verbunden. Hierdurch wird eine Anlagefläche auch für diejenigen Löschbleche 10 gebildet, die nicht an den Stegen 15 der ersten Barriere 20 anliegen. Ferner ist bei einem Vergleich der Figuren 2 und 3 zu erkennen, daß die Austritts- Öffnungen 26 kürzer sind, als die durch die Stege 15 und 21 gebildeten Öffnungen. Auch ist das Teilungsmaß der Austritts¬ öffnungen 26 abweichend vom Teilungsmaß t (Figur 1) der Stege 15 und 21 gewählt. Hierdurch wird vermieden, daß einem Zwischenraum der Stege 21 gerade eine Austrittsöffnung 26 gegenübersteht.As FIG. 3 shows in greater detail, the webs 15 of the first barrier 20 are connected to one another at the edge by a cross web 27. As a result, a contact surface is also formed for those quenching plates 10 which do not abut the webs 15 of the first barrier 20. Furthermore, when comparing FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the outlet openings 26 are shorter than the openings formed by the webs 15 and 21. The pitch of the outlet openings 26 is also chosen to deviate from the pitch t (FIG. 1) of the webs 15 and 21. This avoids that an intermediate space of the webs 21 is just opposite an outlet opening 26.
Wie insbesondere den Figuren 4 und 5 zu entnehmen ist, besitzt der Endkörper 8 allseitig überstehende Randstücke 30, 31 sowie 32 und 33 zur Auflage am stirnseitigen Ende des Schachtkörpers 7. Durchgangslöcher 34 in den Ecken der genannten Randstücke sind zur Verbindung des Endkörpers 8 und des Schachtkörpers 7 mittels Schrauben 35 vorgesehen.As can be seen in particular from Figures 4 and 5, the end body 8 has projecting edge pieces 30, 31 and 32 and 33 on all sides for resting on the front end of the shaft body 7. Through holes 34 in the corners of the edge pieces mentioned are for connecting the end body 8 and The shaft body 7 is provided by means of screws 35.
Zur Trennung eines Stromkreises wird der Kontakthebel 4 aus der ausgezogen gezeigten Stellung in die strichpunktiert gezeigte Stellung bewegt. In bekannter Weise wird der entstehende Schaltlichtbogen von dem feststehenden Schalt- stück 3 und dem Lichtbogenhorn 5 des Kontakthebels 4 auf die Lichtbogenleitschienen 11 und 12 überführt. Aufgrund magnetischer und thermischer Auftriebskräfte gelangt derTo separate a circuit, the contact lever 4 is moved from the position shown in solid lines to the position shown in broken lines. In a known manner, the resulting switching arc is transferred from the fixed switching piece 3 and the arcing horn 5 of the contact lever 4 to the arc guide rails 11 and 12. Due to magnetic and thermal buoyancy forces
Schaltlichtbogen dann in die Löschblechanordnung (Löschbleche 10, Figur 1) und wird dort in eine der Anzahl von Lösch¬ blechen 10 entsprechende Anzahl von Teillichtbögen gespalten. Die bis zum Erlöschen des Schaltlichtbogens anfallenden Lichtbogengaεe entweichen durch die Anordnung von Barrieren 20, 22 und 24 nach außen. Dabei üben zunächst die Stege 15 der ersten Barriere 20 aufgrund ihrer relativ großen Höhe und ihrer parallelen Flanken eine Richtwirkung auf die Gas- strömung aus. Die Teilströme des Gases treffen dann auf die unteren Flächen der Stege 21 der Barriere 22 und werden aufgrund des geringen Abstandes d der Stege 15 und 21 zu einer Umlenkung um etwa 90° gezwungen. In dem Raum zwischen zwei Stegen 21 der zweiten Barriere 22 treffen jeweils zwei umgelenkte Teilströme der Lichtbogengase gegeneinander und können den Raum zwischen den Stegen 21 erst nach nochmaliger Umlenkung um 90° in Richtung der Kühlkammer 25 verlassen. Dies geschieht unter lebhafter Wirbelbildung und Expansion. Damit verbunden sind eine starke Abkühlung und eine Rekombination von Ladungsträgern.Switching arc then into the quenching plate arrangement (quenching plates 10, Figure 1) and is split there into a number of partial arcs corresponding to the number of quenching plates 10. The arcing gases that occur until the switching arc is extinguished escape through the arrangement of barriers 20, 22 and 24 to the outside. First, the webs 15 of the first barrier 20 practice because of their relatively large height and their parallel flanks have a directivity on the gas flow. The partial flows of the gas then strike the lower surfaces of the webs 21 of the barrier 22 and are forced to deflect by approximately 90 ° due to the small distance d between the webs 15 and 21. In the space between two webs 21 of the second barrier 22, two deflected partial flows of the arc gases meet each other and can only leave the space between the webs 21 after another deflection by 90 ° in the direction of the cooling chamber 25. This happens with vigorous vortex formation and expansion. This is associated with a strong cooling and a recombination of charge carriers.
Die Verweildauer der Lichtbogengase in der Kühlkammer 25 ist durch die Bemessung der Austrittsöffnungen 26 zu beeinflussen Trotz der guten Wirksamkeit der beschriebenen Anordnung von Barrieren 20, 22 und 24 beansprucht die beschriebene An¬ ordnung nur einen verhältnismäßig kleinen Teil der Gesamthöhe der Lichtbogenlöschkammer 1. Ferner werden keine leitfähigen Teile wie Drahtgewebe, Gitter aus Streckmetall oder ähnliche Elemente benötigt, um die gewünschte Abkühlung und Entioni- sierung der Lichtbogengase zu bewirken. Daher zeichnet sich die beschriebene Lichtbogenlöschkammer 1 auch durch eine große Sicherheit gegen elektrische Überschläge an der Austrittsseite der Löschbleche 10 aus. Der Sicherheitsabstand zu geerdeten Bauteilen wird auf ein geringes Maß von etwa 20 - 60 mm vermindert. The residence time of the arc gases in the cooling chamber 25 can be influenced by the dimensioning of the outlet openings 26. Despite the good effectiveness of the arrangement of barriers 20, 22 and 24 described, the arrangement described only takes up a relatively small part of the total height of the arc quenching chamber 1 no conductive parts such as wire mesh, mesh made of expanded metal or similar elements are required to achieve the desired cooling and deionization of the arc gases. Therefore, the described arc quenching chamber 1 is also characterized by a high level of security against electrical flashovers on the outlet side of the quenching plates 10. The safety distance to earthed components is reduced to a small amount of about 20 - 60 mm.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Lichtbogenlöschkammer (1) für einen Leistungsschalter mit einem Kammergehäuse (6) , in dem Kammergehäuse (6) angeord- neten Lichtbogenleitschienen (11, 12) und mit in gegen¬ seitigem Abstand abgestützten Löschblechen (10) sowie mit einer oberhalb der Löschbleche (10) angeordneten, drei Barrieren umfassenden Kühlanordnung für austretende Licht¬ bogengase, wobei die erste Barriere (20) unmittelbar oberhalb der Löschbleche (10) und die zweite Barriere (22) im Abstand von der ersten Barriere (20) angeordnet ist und wobei die erste und die zweite Barriere (20, 22) parallel zu Stirn¬ flächen (14) der Löschbleche (10) gerichtete Durchtritts¬ öffnungen besitzen, ferner mit einer an die zweite Barriere (22) anschließenden, nach außen durch die mit Austritts- öffnunge:, 26) versehene dritte Barriere (24) abgeschlossenen1. Arc quenching chamber (1) for a circuit breaker with a chamber housing (6), in the chamber housing (6) arranged arc guide rails (11, 12) and with mutually spaced extinguishing plates (10) and one above the extinguishing plates ( 10) arranged, three-barrier cooling arrangement for escaping arcing gases, the first barrier (20) immediately above the quenching plates (10) and the second barrier (22) at a distance from the first barrier (20) and the first and the second barrier (20, 22) has through-openings directed parallel to the end faces (14) of the extinguishing plates (10), furthermore with an opening that adjoins the second barrier (22) and outwards through those with outlet openings: 26) provided third barrier (24) closed
Kühlkammer (25) , g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h folgende Merkmale :Cooling chamber (25), g e k e n z e i c h n e t d u r c h following features:
- die erste Barriere (20) ist durch im doppelten Teilungsmaß (t) der Löschbleche (10) angeordnete, als Widerlager für je ein Löschblech (10) dienende Stege (15) des Kammergehäuses (6) gebildet,- The first barrier (20) is formed by webs (15) of the chamber housing (6), which are arranged in double division (t) of the extinguishing plates (10) and serve as abutments for one extinguishing plate (10),
- die zweite Barriere (22) ist gleichfalls durch Stege (21) des Kammergehäuses (6) gebildet, die gegenüber den Stegen (15) der ersten Barriere (20) um das Teilungsmaß der Löschbleche (10) versetzt angeordnet sind und- The second barrier (22) is also formed by webs (21) of the chamber housing (6), which are offset from the webs (15) of the first barrier (20) by the pitch of the extinguishing plates (10) and
- die Breite (b) und die Höhe (h) der Stege (15, 21) entsprechen etwa dem Teilungsmaß (t) der Löschbleche (10) .- The width (b) and the height (h) of the webs (15, 21) correspond approximately to the pitch (t) of the quenching plates (10).
2. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß jeweils eine Lichtbogenleitschiene (11, 12) und das anschließende Löschblech (10) von einem Endsteg (16, 17) überdeckt werden, derart, daß Lichtbogengase in die zwischen der zweiten und der dritten Barriere (22, 24) befindliche Kühlkammer (25) nur entlang den Stegen (21) der zweiten Barriere (22) eintreten können. 2. Arc quenching chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that an arc guide rail (11, 12) and the subsequent quenching plate (10) are covered by an end web (16, 17), such that arc gases into the between the second and the third barrier ( 22, 24) located cooling chamber (25) can only enter along the webs (21) of the second barrier (22).
3. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Stege (15, 21) der ersten Barriere (20) und der zweiten Barriere (20, 22) eine etwa quadratische Querschnittsform aufweisen und daß der Abstand (d) zwischen den Barrieren (20, 22) das 0,1 bis 0,5-fache der Höhe (h) der Stege (15, 21) beträgt.3. Arc quenching chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the webs (15, 21) of the first barrier (20) and the second barrier (20, 22) have an approximately square cross-sectional shape and that the distance (d) between the barriers ( 20, 22) is 0.1 to 0.5 times the height (h) of the webs (15, 21).
4. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß bei Unterteilung des Kammergehäuses (6) in einen die Löschbleche aufnehmenden Schachtkörper (7) und einen den Schachtkörper (6) oben abschließenden Endkörper (8) die erste, die zweite und die dritte Barriere (20, 22, 24) Bestandteil des Endkörpers (8) sind.4. Arc quenching chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the chamber housing (6) is subdivided into a shaft body receiving the quenching plates (7) and an end body (8) closing the shaft body (6) at the top, the first, the second and the third barrier (20, 22, 24) are part of the end body (8).
5. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Stege (15) der ersten Barriere (20) durch einen randseitigen5. Arc quenching chamber according to claim 4, that the webs (15) of the first barrier (20) by an edge
Quersteg (27) verbunden sind, der ein Widerlager für jedes zweite, nicht an einem der Stege (15) der ersten Barriere (20) anliegendes Löschblech (10) bildet.Cross web (27) are connected, which forms an abutment for every second, not to one of the webs (15) of the first barrier (20) baffle plate (10).
6. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Austrittsöffnungen (26) der dritten Barriere (24) schlitz¬ artig ausgebildet und parallel zu den Stegen (15, 21) der ersten und der zweiten Barriere (20, 22), jedoch gegenüber diesen versetzt, in einer Stirnwand (23) des Endkörpers (8) angeordnet sind.6. Arc quenching chamber according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the outlet openings (26) of the third barrier (24) slit-like and parallel to the webs (15, 21) of the first and the second barrier (20, 22), however offset from these, are arranged in an end wall (23) of the end body (8).
7. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach Anspruch 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Austrittsöffnungen (26) in einer gegenüber den Stegen (15,7. arc quenching chamber according to claim 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n e e c h n e t that the outlet openings (26) in a relative to the webs (15,
21) der ersten und der zweiten Barriere (20, 22) abweichenden Teilung angeordnet sind. 21) of the first and second barriers (20, 22) deviating division.
8. Lichtbogenlöschkammer nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Endkörper (8) als einheitlicher Hohlkörper aus einem duroplastischen Kunststoff hergestellt ist. 8. Arc quenching chamber according to one of claims 4 to 6, that the end body (8) is made as a uniform hollow body from a thermosetting plastic.
EP95913022A 1994-03-21 1995-03-10 Arc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gasses Expired - Lifetime EP0752153B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4410108A DE4410108C2 (en) 1994-03-21 1994-03-21 Arc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gases
DE4410108 1994-03-21
PCT/DE1995/000347 WO1995026033A1 (en) 1994-03-21 1995-03-10 Arc quenching chamber with three barriers for the passage of arc gasses

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EP0752153A1 true EP0752153A1 (en) 1997-01-08
EP0752153B1 EP0752153B1 (en) 1998-08-12
EP0752153B2 EP0752153B2 (en) 2002-09-25

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EP0752153B1 (en) 1998-08-12
DE4410108C2 (en) 1996-08-22
DE59503170D1 (en) 1998-09-17
EP0752153B2 (en) 2002-09-25
DE4410108A1 (en) 1995-09-28
WO1995026033A1 (en) 1995-09-28
US5756951A (en) 1998-05-26
JPH09510574A (en) 1997-10-21

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