EP0752035B1 - Multi-storey building made of precast concrete parts - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-storey building made of precast concrete parts has superimposed box-type elements (1) open on one longitudinal side which determine the height and at least the depth of a flat and which are provided at their narrow sides with projections (6). At two opposite sides of the building are provided stiffened, statically stable stacked structures made of a plurality of stacked elements (4) arranged next to and above each other and offset in the vertical direction whose height determines the height of the storey. The adjacent stacked elements (4) of each storey are mutually separated by a lateral gap substantially bridged by a stacked element (4) of the overlying and/or underlying storey, creating an empty space between the stacked elements (4). The box-type elements (1) are supported by their projections (6) on elastic-soft supporting intermediate layers (7) that rest on an associated stacked element (4) of the stacked-element structure. The box-type elements (1) that form adjacent flats are supported on the stacked elements (4) so that their narrow sides are contiguous to the inner side of the stacked elements (4) and their longitudinal walls are adjacent to the longitudinal walls of the stacked elements (4).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a multi-storey residential building made of precast concrete.

State of the art

It is known to assemble buildings from prefabricated concrete parts. With the skeleton construction Columns, beams and ceiling slabs are designed as precast concrete elements, with the static bracing of the building by mostly conventionally manufactured in situ concrete Wall panels and a firm bond of the ceiling panels with each other and with the Wall disks are made.

In multi-storey housing, where massive apartment partitions are required anyway on the other hand, the panel construction method is used, in which wall and ceiling panels to be assembled into a stiffened building. The For structural reasons, plates are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and must be carefully and firmly attached be connected, which considerably limits the speed of the construction process.

A mixture of skeleton and slab construction was invented in earlier years Registered element building system (DE-A-22 13 590, DE-A-23 55 849 and DE-A-24 05 239), with the wall-forming, floor-to-ceiling beams, supported on supports, with the ceiling tiles of the floor in question and those of the floor below to stiffen the building statically.

A particularly critical point of the known precast concrete systems is that of static Reasons required firm connection between walls and ceilings - namely not only in terms of time and effort and static safety, but, and this is also a factor in residential construction with the increased need for sound insulation important factor: in a building, the walls and ceilings of which are firmly connected , everyone will experience structure-borne noise somewhere in a wall or ceiling Building transferred. Even elaborate insulation is often due to small sound bridges, that are difficult to locate and fix afterwards, in their effect quite limited. Especially in multi-storey residential buildings, wherever any resident is drilling a dowel or making other noises, this is very good quality of living detrimental.

The conventionally constructed solid construction also has this defect, but at least it works dowel drilling in a brick wall is considerably faster and quieter than in one Concrete wall, so that the use of precast concrete in residential construction alone such "trifles" can oppose significant dislikes.

However, as is also known, the only way to transmit structure-borne noise is to the neighboring apartments to prevent the arrangement precisely worked out, with elastic-soft Material filled joints between the components of neighboring apartments. It is therefore a particularly critical state of the art that the Precast concrete construction, which already offers precise joints from the production of the parts, and the clean by simply interposing soft material when assembling the parts and would allow sound bridge-free parting lines, as they would in conventional construction would not be possible to produce this great advantage through labor-intensive, firm connection of the parts destroys and finally still structure-borne noise is less favorable than the conventional design.

Although building constructions made of prefabricated parts have already become known, at prefabricated, room-sized boxes rubber-elastic in a load-bearing grid structure be stored (DE-A-17 84 978). However, here the separation of the supporting structure and the living space is beneficial Construction, because both continue to penetrate each other spatially, considerable technical complications and problem areas in that the constructions on all Penetration points have to be separated from each other at great expense. They also only stand Room-sized boxes, as well as the supports and beams of the room grille one flexible floor plan within the apartment no less opposed to the walls the panel construction. In addition, a space grille as a supporting structure is nothing more than one particularly complex and expensive embodiment of the skeleton construction, and made of precast concrete rather more difficult to assemble than the normal designs of the skeleton or the panel construction.

It is also known to stack spatial components on top of each other like a chessboard, to quickly and simply by stacking on top of each other and without complex connections easy to assemble, well stiffened, stable structure. This principle So far, however, is only known for residential buildings in which living space-forming boxes (US-A-3 643 390, FR-A-2 218 442) or living space-forming components (US-A-3 805 461, FR-A-2 210 704, Fig. 19) are stacked in a staggered manner, the Intermediate spaces in turn only form storey-high living spaces, and the living space-forming ones Components are unfavorably rigidly connected to one another in terms of sound technology.

For your own support structure, separate from the living space-forming components, and in particular with different function and shape than that of an offset stacking previously known components, this checkerboard-like arrangement is not yet known - although it is particularly well suited for fast, stable supporting structures, and although, combined with a significantly different room height, they are excellent for the architectural and structural requirements of those in front of the apartments "Gardens" is suitable. This also makes a criticism of the architectural state of the art clear, yet another object of the invention.

Presentation of the invention

An object of the invention is therefore, especially for multi-storey housing to find a statically stable building construction made of precast concrete so that the Composition of the individual parts without a rigid connection to one another, through mere Laying on or hanging in suitable supports after intermediate or underlaying more or less elastic-soft material - and this for up to about twelve storeys Residential building. In particular, the apartment walls, ceilings and floors should no rigid connection with load-diverting, building stiffening parts of the building and with Components of the neighboring apartments have - so there should be a separation of housing and load-bearing construction take place, a very strict, also spatial separation from each other, in which both constructions do not continue to be mutually spatial penetrate. Nor should there be any structurally necessary walls, supports or beams restrict their free floor plan within an apartment.

Another object of the invention results from the knowledge that larger series of multi-storey residential buildings made of precast concrete - and only larger series could Reduce construction costs drastically enough - are only possible if these buildings are urban and architecturally acceptable or even pleasant. The large series of inferior panel construction are so unpleasant memories that a technical Progress in this area alone is no longer sufficient; significant urban planning and architectural improvements associated with this progress his.

Multi-storey residential buildings cannot have pretty houses in the green be, but that is precisely why the longing desires of urban residents are multi-storey Residential building after a small house in the countryside, namely "own" four Walls, own entrance, own front garden in front of the apartment and small garden behind, even if only partially and as an alternative, to the determining standard of a resident-friendly To make architecture especially for multi-storey housing.

The invention specified in claim 1 is therefore based on the problem that the construction to be found not only cost-effective quick assembly, optimal Soundproofing and flexible floor plan should offer, but also a lively one Architecture with open facade design and "hanging gardens" in front of and behind everyone Apartment, glazed usable as winter gardens with energy saving effect.

This problem is solved by the features listed in claim 1 solved.

The advantages achieved with the invention are as follows: The statics of the box element allows a large span with low wall thickness, as well as through the crossbar (tension of the Box ceiling or the box bottom from the narrow sides to the cross bar) a large one (cantilevered) field width with low panel thickness, and thus correspondingly low weight. The statics of the well-loaded, seamlessly stiffened stacking element in turn allows the reduction of this stiffening component to a still transportable one Size. The precast concrete parts can therefore be kept as large as possible or as small as necessary in order to determine the weight and weight range still permissible for normal road transport Make optimal use of dimensions and to create structurally unfavorable and labor-intensive joints to avoid. You can therefore, without complex adjustment and attachment, over Tolerance-compensating, structure-borne noise isolating, intermediate buffering rubber pads can be placed on top of each other directly, immediately fitting and immediately resilient. The structure, although or precisely because it is not made of rigidly connected parts exists, is elastic and insensitive, and remains stable even with major changes in shape of the building, e.g. in the event of uneven subsidence or earthquakes. It is particularly prone to earthquakes Advantageous areas that all apartments in the building with their Mass (after all, more than half of the total mass of the building) according to the elastic-soft Box element support especially in the critical horizontal direction can be buffered in a soft and shock-absorbing manner, e.g. due to internal friction of the support layers.

It is also advantageous in this respect that the freely stored ones are not used to reinforce the building and load transfer box elements, which are very substantial stiffening in themselves and have load-bearing capacity in the event of overload and corresponding deformation the building stiffening and load-diverting components (i.e. the stacking elements) to support Building stiffening and load transfer can be used so that these are important Functions remain intact. This is the case, for example, in that The stacked box elements automatically tilt the stack row outwards or inwards to be stiffened frame bars by themselves with the deflected stacking elements tilt - the stiffness of this frame can be determined by the width of the vertical Infinitely adjust the gap between the box and stack element, so to speak. The load-dissipating Safety reserve through the box elements is given by the fact that their Narrow sides overlap, which means that if one of the stacking elements fails, the load is different overlapping parts of the narrow sides can be taken over - taking effect this safety reserve can be determined by the width of the horizontal joint between the Adjust overlapping parts of the narrow sides also continuously.

Change the shape of the building due to overloading during subsidence and earthquakes hardly damage the components and can be corrected by intermediate layers in the appropriate joints can be easily repaired afterwards, as well as the entire building can be dismantled without damage and reassembled elsewhere - an advantage that can facilitate urban planning and investment in housing.

The soundproofing of the apartments is due to the double-shell design of all housing enclosures Walls, floors and ceilings with absolute separation of load-diverting components by means of an easily checkable, possibly easily replaceable rubber intermediate bearing of the best quality. The floor plan of the apartment is flexible by the respective resident customizable. In all surrounding concrete parts, only four per apartment, can easily and simply hot water, wall, floor and ceiling heating can be concreted in - room-warm surfaces create the most pleasant living climate with a lower one Room temperature - this saves heating costs and in the end even makes the concrete more pleasant for living as the brick wall.

Each apartment has its own entrance through a front garden, and a bright, sight-protected, Double-storey-high outdoor space on the other side, glazed as a winter garden usable with energy saving effect, even without glazing, another soundproofing.

The architectural design of the facade is open and flexible, leaving no monotony avoid using differently designed external elements, unless they do already given a living structure by the "hanging gardens" and their planting is. The relocability of the apartments alone gives them a new, lively design Element.

The most important advantage, however, is the drastic reduction in construction costs through industrial production of parts, inexpensive transport, simple and quick assembly with little Personnel expenditure and correspondingly economical utilization of even heavy lifting equipment on the site.

Given this expected cost reduction, it is reasonable to have a small portion of the Spend cost savings on the other hand for a somewhat luxurious effort: Each apartment also has its own lift access in the front yard - that would be not necessary, because the arbor is at any point on a superior Connecting the stairwell with a lift, but it is another significant increase in quality in the sense of the already mentioned scale of own house in the green. It is save also an advantage if the development required here is based on the usual door-to-door in the staircase construction far from social housing - and always is even cheaper than this. This also applies to those not necessarily necessary here, but better to be connected to the installations of the apartments via the front gardens. There is an extra line of work of a few meters, but it is noisy no downpipe and no ventilation shaft from the neighbor through the apartment.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 2 und 3 ist eine statisch und montagetechnisch besonders günstige Verbindung des lastableitenden, gebäudeaussteifenden Stapel-Elements mit den Bauteilen des doppeltgeschoßhohen Außenraumes.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 4 ist, unter gleichzeitiger Möglichkeit der Bildung eines Schachtes für vertikale Leitungen, insbesondere bei direkter Auflagerung der Stapel-Elemente aufeinander erforderlich, um einen "Reißverschluß"-Effekt auszuschließen, der bei Ausfall eines Stapel-Elements zum Ausfall des nächsten und somit zum Zusammenbruch des ganzen Gebäudes führen würde. Dieser Effekt läßt sich jedoch mit einfachen Mitteln und mit absoluter Sicherheit verhindern, z.B. durch die Notstützen nach Anspruch 5, die so unter den Stapel-Elementen angebracht sind, daß sie im Normalfall nicht belastet sind, und erst im Notfall, also nach Ausfall eines Stapel-Elements (und dadurch bedingtes entsprechendes Absinken des Bauteils an dieser Stelle) statisch wirksam werden, wobei natürlich dafür gesorgt werden muß, daß eine solche Notstütze nicht zusammen mit dem zu ersetzenden Stapel-Element herausfällt. Dies kann durch Bolzen (20) oben und unten an der dort schachtdicken Wandplatte (19) geschehen, die gleichzeitig noch als Angeln beim Öffnen und Schließen der Schachtabdeckung dienen können (Fig.4). Außerdem gewinnt man durch die im Normalfall unbelastete und darum auch hier gegen direkten Kontakt mit lastableitenden Bauteilen leicht zu dämpfende Wandplatte eine große körperschall-isolierte Fläche im unteren Aufenthaltsbereich des Außenraumes.

Die Ausgestaltungen nach Anspruch 5 und 6 ermöglichen es, die beiden auf der Konsole aufgelegten Kasten-Elemente zwischen den stützenartigen Verstärkungen, natürlich elastisch abgepuffert, zu fixieren (Fig.1 und 2).

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 7 ermöglicht es, die Stapel-Elemente schnell und selbstjustierend auf ihre Auflager abzusetzen und diese, insbesondere bei elastisch-weichen Auflager-Zwischenschichten, unter Gewährung eines energieverzehrenden Schub-Reibungsweges gegen zu großes Verschieben zu sichern.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 8 (Fig.5) ermöglicht die Anordung eines Lift- oder Treppenhausschachtes innerhalb der Stapel-Element-Reihe. Wegen der versetzten Anordnung der Wohnungen ist diese Ausführung der Stapel-Elemente in dem jeweils darüberliegenden Geschoß seitenverkehrt ausgebildet. Die Schachtabdeckung (22) ist auch hier leicht und sicher als Notstütze auszubilden.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 9 ermöglicht es, da die statische Aussteifungsfunktion der Deckenseite des Stapel-Elements auch durch eine horizontale oder schiefe Ebene auf beliebiger Höhe des Elements erbracht werden kann, das Niveau oder die Neigung der Stapel-Element-Deckenseite den architektonischen Bedürfnissen anzupassen, so daß z.B. das Stapel-Element oben eine mehr oder weniger tiefe Wanne (Fig.5) bildet, in der Platz für ein meterhohes Planschbecken, für eine Bodenschicht für Pflanzen oder für Außeninstallationen (z.B. zentraler Staubsauger, Klimaanlage) ist.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 10 (Fig.9,10,11,12,14) ermöglicht eine architektonisch sehr reizvolle Erschließung der Wohnungen mit jeweils einer durch einen Vorgarten führenden halben Freitreppe, wobei das Niveau und die Neigung der Stapel-Element-Oberseite entsprechend Anspruch 9 der Erschließung angepaßt ist, d.h., bei der nach oben gehenden halben Freitreppe wird das Niveau etwas tiefer liegen, bei der nach unten gehenden wird die Neigung dem Treppenverlauf entsprechen.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 11 (Fig.6) bietet eine interessante Möglichkeit, die Elastizität des Gebäudekörpers in Richtung der Längsseiten zu erhöhen, und das Gebäude damit vielleicht noch erdbebensicherer zu machen. Die Verwendung eines Rahmen-Elements (25) erlaubt zudem auch durchgehend zweischalige Ausbildung auch der Außenräume mit vergrößerten, noch besser zu dämpfenden Auflagerflächen zwischen den tragenden Bauteilen benachbarter Wohnungen, und erlaubt zudem auch noch ein abschnittsweises, stapelweises Hochziehen des Gebäudes, was den Einsatz von Autokränen begünstigt, da diese dann weniger oft umgesetzt werden müssen.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 12 ermöglicht Wohngebäude nach mehr konventionellem Geschmack, mit den Vorteilen der Erfindung bezüglich schneller Montage und Schallschutz.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 13 ermöglicht eine andere Gebäudeaussteifung, bei der das durch die statisch wirksame Tiefe des Stapel-Element-Querschnitts gegebene statische System der Gebäudeaussteifung unterstützt oder ersetzt wird durch eine mehr oder weniger biegesteife Rahmenbildung des Kasten-Elements als Rahmenriegel mit dem Stapel-Element als Rahmenstiel.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 14 ermöglicht eine Anpassung der Steifigkeit dieser Gebäudeaussteifung an die statischen Erfordernisse.

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 15 ermöglicht es, bei hohen oder erdbebengefährdeten Gebäuden die unteren Stapel-Elemente mithilfe eines entsprechend ausgebildeten Fundamentkörpers gegen Kippen zu sichern. Die Verspannung ist, an den Stapel-Elementen im Schacht entlang, über mehrere Geschoße durchlaufend, einfach herzustellen, und kann, da es sich dabei um eine sehr elastisch auszuführende Verspannung handelt, die Erdbebensicherheit weiter erhöhen (Fig. 7).

Die Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 16 ermöglicht eine wenn auch nur leichte terrassenförmige Abstufung des Gebäudes, ohne dabei Isolierungs- und Abdichtungsprobleme mit darunterliegenden Wohnräumen zu bekommen (Fig.8).

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 16:

The configuration according to claims 2 and 3 is a structurally and assembly-technically particularly favorable connection of the load-diverting, building-stiffening stack element to the components of the double-storey-high exterior.

The embodiment according to claim 4 is, with the simultaneous possibility of forming a shaft for vertical lines, in particular when stacking the stack elements directly on top of each other, to rule out a "zipper" effect which in the event of failure of one stack element to the failure of the next and would lead to the collapse of the whole building. However, this effect can be prevented with simple means and with absolute certainty, for example by the emergency supports according to claim 5, which are attached under the stack elements in such a way that they are normally not loaded, and only in an emergency, that is to say after a stack has failed -Elements (and thus the corresponding lowering of the component at this point) become statically effective, whereby it must of course be ensured that such an emergency support does not fall out together with the stack element to be replaced. This can be done by means of bolts (20) at the top and bottom of the wall plate (19) there, which can also serve as hinges when opening and closing the shaft cover (Fig. 4). In addition, the normally unloaded wall plate, which is therefore easy to dampen against direct contact with load-deflecting components, provides a large structure-borne noise-insulated area in the lower lounge area of the outdoor area.

The configurations according to claims 5 and 6 make it possible to fix the two box elements placed on the console between the support-like reinforcements, naturally elastically buffered (FIGS. 1 and 2).

The embodiment according to claim 7 makes it possible to place the stacking elements on their supports quickly and in a self-adjusting manner and to secure them against excessive displacement, in particular in the case of elastically soft intermediate support layers, while providing an energy-consuming thrust friction path.

The embodiment according to claim 8 (Fig.5) enables the arrangement of a lift or stairwell within the stack element row. Because of the staggered arrangement of the apartments, this version of the stacking elements is reversed in the floor above. The manhole cover (22) is also easy and safe to design as an emergency support.

The embodiment according to claim 9 makes it possible, since the static stiffening function of the ceiling side of the stack element can also be provided by a horizontal or inclined plane at any height of the element, to adapt the level or the inclination of the stack element ceiling side to the architectural needs, So that, for example, the stacking element forms a more or less deep tub (Fig. 5) in which there is space for a meter-high paddling pool, for a layer of soil for plants or for outdoor installations (e.g. central vacuum cleaner, air conditioning).

The embodiment according to claim 10 (Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) enables an architecturally very attractive development of the apartments, each with a half-length staircase leading through a front garden, the level and the inclination of the stack element top correspondingly 9 of the development is adapted, that is, the level will be slightly lower for the half-flight of stairs leading upwards, and the slope for the stairs going downwards.

The embodiment according to claim 11 (FIG. 6) offers an interesting possibility of increasing the elasticity of the building body in the direction of the long sides, and thus perhaps making the building even more earthquake-proof. The use of a frame element (25) also allows a continuous double-shell design of the outside spaces with enlarged, even better damping support surfaces between the supporting components of neighboring apartments, and also allows the building to be pulled up in sections, which means the use of Mobile cranes are favored because they then have to be moved less often.

The embodiment according to claim 12 enables residential buildings to have a more conventional taste, with the advantages of the invention in terms of quick installation and soundproofing.

The embodiment according to claim 13 enables a different building stiffening, in which the static system of the building stiffening given by the statically effective depth of the stack element cross section is supported or replaced by a more or less rigid frame formation of the box element as a frame bar with the stack Element as a frame handle.

The embodiment according to claim 14 enables the rigidity of this building bracing to be adapted to the structural requirements.

The embodiment according to claim 15 makes it possible to secure the lower stacking elements against tipping in the case of high or earthquake-prone buildings with the aid of an appropriately designed foundation body. The bracing is easy to produce along the stack elements in the shaft, passing through several storeys, and, since it is a very elastic bracing, can further increase the seismic safety (Fig. 7).

The embodiment according to claim 16 enables a slight, even terraced gradation of the building without having insulation and sealing problems with living spaces underneath (FIG. 8).

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing with reference to Figures 1 to 14 and described in more detail below.

1 shows the main elements: box element 1, base plate element 2, ceiling plate element 3 and stack element 4. Next is a cross bar 5 and the Brackets 6 of the box element, which over the elastic-soft support 7 on the stack element console 8 are stored, as well as a bolt 9 and its plug points in the stack elements.

Fig. 2 shows how the box elements by means of rotation against the longitudinal axis matching rubber moldings 10 between the support-like reinforcements 11 of the stacking element 4 are wedged.

Fig. 3 shows the building in the assembled state. You can see the staggered arrangement the stacking elements 4, which form double-storey-high exterior spaces in front of the apartments, the support of the box elements 1 via elastic-soft supports 7, and the auxiliary elements at the end of the building, namely half the stacking edge element 12, which serves as an auxiliary support Acting wall element 13, and the wall-floor-ceiling element 14, which over a elastic-soft support 15 rests on the underlying box element 1.

4 shows a stack element 4 with support-like reinforcements 16 and thinner side walls 17, which creates space for a shaft for vertical lines 18. Die den Shaft covering wall plate 19 acts as an emergency support and must therefore be used accordingly be stiffened and above and below with bolts 20 which fit in holes 21 in the side walls of the stacking element below or above, against simultaneous Falling out be secured with the stack element to be replaced, the bolts can also serve as fishing rods when opening the manhole cover.

5 shows a stack element with an indented side wall for the formation of a lift shaft. Also visible is a part 22 of FIG Manhole cover. Also visible is a lower and inclined upper side 23 of the Stacking elements with tub for planting soil or other purposes.

Fig. 6 shows the variant with intermediate supports (24, 25) according to claim 2, the stacking elements store on pendulum supports (24) or frame supports (25), which are buffered with the neighboring one Stack element are connected.

7 shows a bracing of the stack elements with the foundation body.

Fig. 8 shows the terrace-like gradation option by decreasing upwards Depth of the stack elements.

FIG. 9 shows firstly the checkerboard arrangement of the stacking elements and secondly the development of the building via pergolas, each on two floors run half the height of the floor, and from which half stairs alternately up or lead down to the respective apartment. The levels for cuts A, B, C and D are specified.

Fig. 10 shows the section C through the building in the area leading down Half stairs.

Fig. 11 shows the section D through the building in the area leading upwards Half stairs. The plane for section E is given.

Figure 12 shows the two floor plan sections A and B of the building.

Figure 13 shows the section E through the building. You can see the apartment building Elements, the box elements 1, the base plate elements 2 and the ceiling plate elements 3, as well as the edge elements 13, 14 and 26, and the absolute double shell of all space-encompassing Components.

FIG. 14 shows the precast concrete part 27 to be suspended, damped by structure-borne noise Development, which can of course also consist of two parts.

Claims (16)

1. A multi-storey residential building made of precast concrete units with box-type roomforming components borne by elastic-soft intermediate bearing layers on a supporting structure,
   characterised
   by the following structural and static main elements of the building and their respective arrangement, namely by

   a box element (1) open on one of its longitudinal sides that determines the depth of the flat and preferably has a width of two to three meters, that forms the lateral room of the flat and limits it to the outside, that can have one or more cross webs (5), and that is provided on its narrow sides with consoles (6) or other projections by which it is borne by elastic-soft intermediate bearing layers (7) on the load-carrying, building-stiffening components;

   a floor plate element (2) that is arranged between the floors of two box elements and borne by them;

   a ceiling plate element (3) that is arranged between the ceilings of two box elements and borne by them;

   a load-carrying, building-stiffening stacking element (4) the widths of which preferably is equal to half the width of the flat;
   and by the arrangement of these elements, namely by the fact

   that along either longitudinal side of the building, there is formed a load-carrying, building-stiffening stacked line of a plurality of stacking elements (4) stacked on top of each other and preferably arranged in a symmetrical manner;

   that the box elements (1) are borne by and on the stacking elements (4) between both stacked lines bridging the distance between them in such manner that always two box elements of neighbouring flats are arranged with their narrow sides against the side of a stacking element facing towards the inside of the building behind that side, the longitudinal walls of said two box elements (1) being arranged side by side and at right angles to the longitudinal sides of the building.
2. A multi-storey residential building according to Claim 1,
   characterised in

   that the height of the stacking element (4) in the bearing area, together with the height of the bearing construction (intermediate bearing layer, intermediate supports (24, 25)), determine the height between storeys;

   that the load-carrying, building-stiffening stacked line consists of a plurality of stacking elements (4) arranged offset in a chequered manner on top of each other;

   that the stacking elements (4) are supported either directly on top of each other or indirectly on top of each other using intermediate supports (24, 25);

   that at least in front of a part of the flat openings formed by the stacking elements, there is provided an outside room having a height of up to about two storeys;

   that the layout of a storey is repeated only on the next storey but one;

   that at the ends of the stacked lines, there are used auxiliary elements (12, 13), as required, and that, depending on tie design, at the ends of the building, there are used auxiliary elements (13, 14, 26) for completing the remaining flat sections.
3. A multi-storey residential building according to Claim 2,
   characterised in

   that the stacking elements (4) preferably have the static form of two to four meters deep, internally stiffened boxes with an open floor and an open outside;

   that the stacking elements (4) arranged in an offset manner form outside rooms having a height of up to about two storeys in front of the flat openings.
4. A multi-storey residential building according to Claim 3,
   characterised in

   that the stacking element (4) has support-like reinforcements (16) on its corners and thinner side walls (17) that are recessed in such manner that, between the support-like reinforcements in the area of said thinner side walls, there is formed a canal for vertical lines (18) passing along on the outside of the stacking element that preferably is covered by a wall plate (19) standing between the support-like reinforcements, serving as emergency support and being respectively reinforced that preferably is secured on it upper and lower side by means of bolts (20) engaging in respective holes (21) in the side walls of the stacking elements arranged above and below it.
5. A multi-storey residential building according to Claim 4,
   characterised in

   that the stacking element, on its side facing towards the interior of the building and over its entire width, is provided with a console (8) for supporting box elements that leads on both ends into support-like reinforcements (11).
6. A multi-storey residential building according to Claim 4 or 5,
   characterised in

   that the two box elements borne by and on a stacking element have projections on their narrow sides extending into the room between the support-like reinforcements (11) in such manner that they can be wedged against twisting around their longitudinal axis by means of appropriately shaped rubber pieces (10).
7. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the Claims 4 to 6,
   characterised in

   that the supports of the stacking elements, in the area of the support-like reinforcements (16), in particular where the reinforcement of the internal wall engages in that supporting area, are secured against displacement by means of steel bolts (9) inserted, in right angle to the support level, into appropriate holes provided in the supports and engaging in respective holes in the counter supports, wherein said bolts preferably have a conical form and are coated with an elastic-soft material.
8. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the Claims 3 to 7,
   characterised in

   that, on the access side of the building, at least a part of the stacking elements (4) is provided, on one of its sides, with a side wall formed in such manner that stacking elements having such a side wall stacked on top of each other will form a lift or staircase shaft.
9. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the Claims 3 to 8,
   characterised in

   that the stiffening upper side of the stacking element (4) is recessed or has the form of a plane (23) inclined to the inside or outside.
10. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the Claims 2 to 9,
    characterised in

    that the access to the building is realised by means of outside corridors (27) provided only on every second storey at about half of the storey height from which half outside stairs and respective inclined or graded planting levels lead alternatively downward or upward to the respective flats, wherein level and inclination of the upper side of the stacking element are respectively adapted to the access.
11. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the Claims 2 to 10,
    characterised in

    that the intermediate supports (24, 25) have the form of hinge columns (24) or frame columns (25), wherein at least the hinge columns (24) are connected to the directly adjacent stacking element (4) in an elastically buffered manner.
12. A multi-storey residential building according to the Claim 1,
    characterised in

    that the stacking elements (4) are mounted directly on top of each other forming supports so that the flats are arranged directly on top of each other, too;

    that the stacking elements (4) can have a multi-storey height;

    that the stacking elements (4) can be divided in two parts by a central vertical cut; and

    that the sides of the stacking elements facing towards the inside of the building can have an offset.
13. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in

    that the box element, statically acting as frame transom, together with the appertaining stacking element connected to the box element in a soft-elastic buffered manner, acting as frame member, forms a frame that is used for stiffening the building on the frame level.
14. A multi-storey residential building according to claim 13,
    characterised in

    that the width of the vertical joint between box element and stacking element determines the stiffness of the frame.
15. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in

    that the stacking elements, at least those of the lower storeys, are braced with the foundation body.
16. A multi-storey residential building according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in

    that the depth of the stacking elements (4) decreases from the bottom towards the top so

    that the depth of the building decreases towards the top just like in a slightly graded terrace-shaped block of flats.

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