EP0746472A4 - Dispositif diffractif avec protection contre le copiage amelioree - Google Patents

Dispositif diffractif avec protection contre le copiage amelioree

Info

Publication number
EP0746472A4
EP0746472A4 EP95908825A EP95908825A EP0746472A4 EP 0746472 A4 EP0746472 A4 EP 0746472A4 EP 95908825 A EP95908825 A EP 95908825A EP 95908825 A EP95908825 A EP 95908825A EP 0746472 A4 EP0746472 A4 EP 0746472A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diffractive
splitting means
light splitting
diffractive device
substantially transparent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95908825A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0746472A1 (fr
Inventor
Zoltan Hegedus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Publication of EP0746472A1 publication Critical patent/EP0746472A1/fr
Publication of EP0746472A4 publication Critical patent/EP0746472A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
    • G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
    • G06K19/16—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being a hologram or diffraction grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
    • G03H1/0244—Surface relief holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
    • G03H1/0256—Laminate comprising a hologram layer having specific functional layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
    • G03H2001/0027—Being copy-protected against fraudulent replication, e.g. by layering a filter rejecting laser lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H2001/2625—Nature of the sub-holograms
    • G03H2001/263—Made of different recording materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H2001/2625—Nature of the sub-holograms
    • G03H2001/264—One hologram being a HOE

Definitions

  • DIFFRACTIVE DEVICE WITH ENHANCED ANTI-COPYING PROTECTION This invention relates to a diffractive device with enhanced anti-copying protection. It relates particularly but not exclusively to a diffractive device whose diffractive structure is protected against replication using near-field or far-field imaging procedures which require coherent light illumination.
  • diffractive devices It has recently become common for diffractive devices to be used as an anti-forgery security measure on bank notes, credit cards, cheques, share certificates and other similar documents. It is relatively easy for a putative forger using a colour photocopier and other commonly available technology to create a passable imitation of a bank note or other valuable document, but it is more difficult to reproduce a diffractive device attached to the surface of the bank note or other document.
  • a diffractive device typically generates an optically variable diffractive image, such that, when the orientation of the diffractive device is moved relative to the observer and/or source of illumination, the image changes. Well known examples of this are the holographic devices embodied in Visa credit cards and Mastercard credit cards.
  • a diffractive device which, when illuminated by a light source, generates one or more diffraction images which are observable from particular ranges of viewing angles around the device, comprising:
  • the diffractive structure on the substrate may be any suitable type of diffractive structure. In some embodiments it may comprise a patterned surface relief structure. In other embodiments such as reflective volume holograms, the diffractive structure may have no surface relief structure.
  • the light splitting means causes partial reflection of light reflected from the diffractive structure, resulting in a multiplicity of the original image (at least two images and possibly more, depending upon the characteristics of the light splitting means).
  • the light splitting means can be designed such that the multiple image interference effect is almost unperceivable when the diffractive device is illuminated by ordinary light, but the interference effect becomes quite pronounced when illuminated by coherent radiation, thereby preventing imaging of acceptable quality using coherent radiation techniques.
  • the light splitting means may be any suitable light splitting means.
  • One preferred type of light splitting means is a partially reflecting plane.
  • a partially reflecting plane may be substantially uniform, or it may vary in degree of reflectivity over the plane in such a way as to produce a visually observable result under coherent illumination, such as a simple message or line indicating non- originality.
  • Another preferred type of light splitting means is a second diffractive structure.
  • a second diffractive structure may comprise wholly or partially opaque lines forming a grating or shapes arranged in any pattern which achieves a suitable diffractive result.
  • a second diffractive structure may comprise a three-dimensional patterned relief structure, which may optionally itself generate one or more diffraction images.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a diffractive device according to the prior art.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a diffractive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a diffractive device according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a diffracting device according to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical valuable document, in this case a credit card 1, with diffractive device 2 attached.
  • diffractive device 2 it is a relatively easy operation to make a passable reproduction of document 1
  • diffractive device 2 incorporates optical variability, so that the images generated are observed to change when the orientation of diffractive device 2 is changed relative to a source of elimination and/or position of the observer.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of a typical prior art diffractive device 2.
  • the diffractive surface 3 of a diffractive device 2 is produced from a master by a hot rolling or hot stamping process.
  • Diffractive surface 3 typically consists of a large number of grooves arranged in predetermined patterns in order to generate predetermined diffractive effects.
  • the grooves or gratings typically have spatial frequencies between 500 and 2,000 groove per millimetre.
  • the surface pattern is typically embossed into a soft lacquer 4 which is about I ⁇ m thick, and then coated with aluminium to form diffractive surface 3.
  • the diffractive surface is then fused onto a transparent polyester carrier (generally 10-20 ⁇ m thick) from one side, while from the other side it is glued with an adhesive onto a substrate 6.
  • a transparent polyester carrier generally 10-20 ⁇ m thick
  • transparent polyester layer 5 effectively prevents mechanical reproduction of diffractive surface 3
  • coherent illumination near-field and far-field imaging techniques are capable of producing images of diffracting surface 3 which can then be used to make a low quality but still passable reproduction of diffracting surface 3.
  • Diffractive device 2 comprises a substrate 6, a diffractive structure 3 embossed into or adhered onto substrate 6, first substantially transparent layer 7 over patterned diffractive surface relief structure 3, light splitting means 8,10,11 over first substantially transparent layer 7, and second substantially transparent layer 9 over light splitting means 8,10,11.
  • Diffractive structure 3 may be any suitable structure. It may be a diffractive structure of the surface relief type as illustrated, or it may have no surface relief structure at all.
  • diffractive surface relief structures are comprised of line gratings, but diffractive effects are not confined to line gratings and other structures such as concentric circular grooves and polygonal indentations or projections can also be used to produce diffraction images.
  • the diffraction images may be holograms or other optically variable images.
  • Diffractive structure 3 may be adhered onto substrate 6 as shown in each of the illustrated embodiments, or alternatively it may be embossed directly into substrate 6.
  • Diffractive structure 3 may be made from any suitable materials. It is preferred that diffractive structure 3 be substantially reflective, and aluminium is one suitable choice as a material for the surface relief structure.
  • First substantially transparent layer 7 may be made of any suitable material. Polyester is one suitable type of material. The thickness of first substantially transparent layer 7 is preferably between I ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 3 ⁇ m.
  • Light splitting means 8,10,11 may be any means suitable for dividing the wave front emerging from the diffractive device.
  • light splitting means 11 comprises a partially reflective surface. It is preferred that the degree of reflectivity be fairly low, and of the order of 5-10%.
  • Partially reflecting plane 11 may be achieved by ensuring that first substantially transparent layer 7 and second substantially transparent layer g have differing refractive indices.
  • partially reflective plane 11 may comprise reflective material such as a semi-transparent metallic coating.
  • light splitting means 8 comprises a diffractive structure having opaque or partially opaque lines and/or shapes.
  • light splitting means 10 comprises a second patterned diffractive relief structure.
  • the diffractive structure may be a regular structure designed to give a predetermined interference effect, or alternatively it may be designed so as itself to generate one or more diffractive images observable from particular ranges of viewing angles around the diffractive device.
  • the light splitting means is a partially reflecting plane 11
  • the plane may be substantially uniform in its reflectivity characteristics or it may be varying so as to achieve a predetermined effect which may be observable on viewing the diffractive device.
  • Second substantially transparent layer 9 may be made from any suitable material or materials. Polyester is a suitable material. It is preferred that the constituents of second substantially transparent layer 9 differ slightly from the constituents of first substantially transparent layer 7 so that the refractive indices of layers 7 and 9 differ in a predetermined manner. Second substantially transparent layer 9 is preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m in thickness, and more preferably about 10 ⁇ m.
  • the effect of the reflections produced by the light splitting means is that the image produced by the diffractive surface is doubled with some phase shift which is determined by the thicknesses involved.
  • the coherent addition of the two images results in broad interference bands in which the information from the two images arrives in anti-phase. These bands will be clearly visible on any reproduction made by the use of coherent illumination.
  • the diffractive devices of the present invention are observed in incoherent light, the doubled images add incoherently and the displacement (a few ⁇ m) between the two images is insufficient to be resolved by the eye of the observer.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un dispositif diffractif (2), qui, lorqu'il est éclairé par une source de lumière, produit une ou plusieurs images par diffraction, lesquelles sont observables à partir de différents angles de vision situés autour du dispositif et compris dans des plages particulières. Ce dispositif comprend un substrat (6), une structure diffractive gravée dans ledit substrat ou collée à lui, une première couche essentiellement transparente (7) placée sur la structure diffractive, des moyens (8, 10, 11) de fractionnement de la lumière, placés sur la première couche essentiellement transparente, ainsi qu'une seconde couche essentiellement transparente (9) placée sur les moyens de fractionnement de la lumière. Ces moyens de fractionnement de la lumière protègent le dispositif diffractif contre tout copiage par des procédures d'imagerie dans le champ proche ou dans le champ lointain, qui nécessitent un éclairage par lumière cohérante.
EP95908825A 1994-02-14 1995-02-13 Dispositif diffractif avec protection contre le copiage amelioree Withdrawn EP0746472A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPM3829/94 1994-02-14
AUPM3829A AUPM382994A0 (en) 1994-02-14 1994-02-14 Diffractive device with enhanced anti-copying protection
PCT/AU1995/000062 WO1995021747A1 (fr) 1994-02-14 1995-02-13 Dispositif diffractif avec protection contre le copiage amelioree

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0746472A1 EP0746472A1 (fr) 1996-12-11
EP0746472A4 true EP0746472A4 (fr) 1997-03-05

Family

ID=3778447

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95908825A Withdrawn EP0746472A4 (fr) 1994-02-14 1995-02-13 Dispositif diffractif avec protection contre le copiage amelioree

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0746472A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09508594A (fr)
AU (1) AUPM382994A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995021747A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0779995A4 (fr) * 1994-09-05 1998-08-19 Mikoh Technology Ltd Surfaces de diffraction et procede de fabrication
US5886798A (en) * 1995-08-21 1999-03-23 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation Ag Information carriers with diffraction structures
US5656360A (en) * 1996-02-16 1997-08-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article with holographic and retroreflective features
JP4076240B2 (ja) * 1996-11-06 2008-04-16 大日本印刷株式会社 複合ホログラム
FR2796184B1 (fr) * 1999-07-09 2001-11-02 Thomson Csf Document securise, systeme de fabrication et systeme de lecture de ce document
FR2801246B1 (fr) 1999-11-19 2002-01-25 Hologram Ind Securisation de documents ou de produits par apposition d'un composant optiquement actif pour la verification de l'authenticite
JP4232380B2 (ja) * 2002-04-25 2009-03-04 株式会社ニコン 複合型光学素子の製造方法
DE602004018692D1 (de) 2004-06-30 2009-02-05 Kxo Ag Fälschungssicheres sicherheitsobjekt und verfahren zu seiner herstellung und verifikation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990007133A1 (fr) * 1988-12-19 1990-06-28 Reserve Bank Of Australia Reseau de diffraction

Family Cites Families (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4484797A (en) * 1981-07-20 1984-11-27 Rca Corporation Diffractive subtractive color filter responsive to angle of incidence of polychromatic illuminating light
DE3442794A1 (de) * 1983-11-24 1985-08-01 Karl 8058 Erding Rubenberger Verfahren zur herstellung faelschungssicherer kennzeichen mit holografisch codierten informationen
US4832445A (en) * 1986-05-16 1989-05-23 American Bank Note Holographics, Inc. Security diffraction devices difficult to exactly duplicate
GB8807820D0 (en) * 1988-03-31 1988-05-05 Pizzanelli D J Light modifying & light filtering optical security device
ATE176529T1 (de) * 1989-09-04 1999-02-15 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Lichtbrechungsnetz und verfahren zur herstellung
FR2671032A1 (fr) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-03 Hologram Ind Document infalsifiable stratifie avec hologramme et procede de fabrication d'un tel document.
WO1993018419A1 (fr) * 1992-03-12 1993-09-16 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Reseau de diffraction de securite a effets optiques speciaux
GB9211123D0 (en) * 1992-05-26 1992-07-08 Amblehurst Ltd Holographic device
WO1995002200A1 (fr) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-19 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Dispositif a diffraction a images multiples

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990007133A1 (fr) * 1988-12-19 1990-06-28 Reserve Bank Of Australia Reseau de diffraction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995021747A1 (fr) 1995-08-17
JPH09508594A (ja) 1997-09-02
EP0746472A1 (fr) 1996-12-11
AUPM382994A0 (en) 1994-03-10

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