EP0745170B1 - Sol industriel comprenant une couche d'usure non adherente sur un support en beton - Google Patents
Sol industriel comprenant une couche d'usure non adherente sur un support en beton Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0745170B1 EP0745170B1 EP95910574A EP95910574A EP0745170B1 EP 0745170 B1 EP0745170 B1 EP 0745170B1 EP 95910574 A EP95910574 A EP 95910574A EP 95910574 A EP95910574 A EP 95910574A EP 0745170 B1 EP0745170 B1 EP 0745170B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- layer
- floor
- concrete base
- floor according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 65
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyéthylène Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000018672 Dilatation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001508691 Martes zibellina Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001125843 Trichiuridae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001415961 Gaviidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001639412 Verres Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001869 rapid Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/12—Flooring or floor layers made of masses in situ, e.g. seamless magnesite floors, terrazzo gypsum floors
Definitions
- the invention also relates to a method for realization of such an improved soil.
- Industrial soil is meant a soil shelter on which all the economic activity of industrial buildings of very varied activities in the exclusion of so-called pedestrian soils: factories, warehouses, workshops, laboratories, loading docks partially sheltered, station platforms ... Industrial soil is therefore intended to receive static charges and important dynamics.
- the support in concrete's role is to receive, transmit or spread in the ground so that the coating does not deteriorate not quickly and that industrial soil does not require too frequent renovations.
- the choice of an industrial floor type is determines according to the completion time (in the species, preparation or execution of the concrete support, execution of the coating and time required before placing in service), situation and conditions climatic, etc.
- the upper surface of the concrete support is laid rough and, if necessary, covered with product in order to create an adhesion bridge between the support and coating.
- So concrete is a material which, when it sets and its hardening, decreases in volume: this is the withdrawal phenomenon.
- the shrinkage is measured in microns per meter: for ordinary concrete, it can go beyond 1000 microns per meter.
- Tackling the root causes of the onset of shrinkage phenomena is not always industrially possible, because they are numerous and if some of them are fairly well known, others are still poorly understood.
- the present invention aims to overcome all the aforementioned drawbacks of the known techniques of realization of floors, in the case of industrial floors. More particularly, the invention aims to reduce, even eliminate the appearance of random cracks by surface of a soil, these cracks may result from normal mechanical and intensity constraints encountered in an industrial environment and / or due to that the support, prepared using concrete, is likely to manifest a phenomenon of withdrawal and later different dimensional variations of those of the coating.
- the plaintiff recommends separating the coating from the concrete support after smoothing its upper face, preferably with a self-leveling and adherent product to concrete.
- the upper surface is improved of the concrete support and, therefore, the regularity of the contacts between the support and the coating. Therefore, we observed that the coating is then able to receive and distribute mechanical constraints suffered, and to effectively oppose the onset of random cracks and various deformations on the exposed face of industrial soil.
- the invention also relates to well the realization of a soil from a support in existing and renovated concrete than that of a concrete support new.
- new ground a ground comprising a new support, for opposition to a “renovated floor” comprising a renovated support.
- the invention does not exempt the realization of the concrete support respecting the good practice, in particular with regard to production of fractionation joints, in particular compliance with the maximum distance between joints and sawing on time.
- the foundations there are on the foundations one or more profiles, chosen in a material which has little or no adhesion with concrete. Said profiles, reducing the cross-section of the concrete support to right of the profiles, allow to induce a crack substantially vertical to the right of each inductor if the tensions in concrete resulting from shrinkage are sufficient. Then we pour the concrete on the foundations and said sections, to form the concrete support.
- This advantageous embodiment of the invention densifies the distribution of induced cracks due to shrinkage of the concrete and better distribute them over surfaces. Therefore, we can consider an increase notable distances between the joints cut on the concrete support, or even their total elimination, because it is thus possible to guarantee good performance mechanical coating of cracks induced, on the one hand by the presence of the armature, on the other hand by controlling the width of the cracks which is, in this case, limited.
- composition of the concrete of which the support, is not critical. But we can easily understand that the invention is useful when the nature of the concrete, the operating and climatic conditions during the soil fabrication and soil use conditions make critical the appearance of withdrawal phenomena and dimensional variations in this layer.
- the invention is particularly well suited to standardized concrete compositions in which essentially finds at least one hydraulic binder, aggregates with proportions well dosed according to the rules of art, and various mineral or organic adjuvants.
- the proposed invention does not exempt compliance with the traditional rules of the art regarding concrete manufacturing and its implementation. So it is recommended to respect the manufacturing standards of concrete, in particular with regard to water / cement ratios, grain size curves of concrete, the coefficients of aggregate form, mixing time, and temperature.
- the face concrete support is first covered a smoothing layer to deal with the notorious difficulty smooth with the desired precision using medium mechanical.
- a composition of a material capable of both forming a smooth surface and adhere to the concrete substrate is, in addition, recommended to provide a composition allowing to reach, once hardened, a resistance in minimum compression of around 10 MPa, preferably at least equal to 20 MPa.
- a classic self-leveling cement composition Preferably again, we choose a classic self-leveling cement composition. Normally a thickness of 3 mm of the smoothing layer is sufficient to obtain correct smoothing. Of greater thicknesses may be required for smooth very rough concrete.
- a composition in aqueous phase or of an authorized solvent of a resin which can be an acetate vinyl, a versatate, an ethylenic derivative, an epoxy, a polyurethane, a neoprene, a styrene-butadiene, a styrene-acrylic, etc.
- the concrete support is weakened by so as to form an induced cracking at the right of the majority, if not all, of the profiles, and prevent thus the formation of rare and large cracks.
- the sections are spaced from one another from a distance ranging from 1 meter to 10 meters approximately.
- the prescriptions of the DTU of September 1982 are followed, which leads to placing the profiles at least every 5 meters, so that they define surfaces not greater than 25 m 2 .
- the profiles must be made of a little material or not adhering to concrete, this in order to minimize the attachment of concrete to the profiles. They must besides being sufficiently rigid.
- plastics such as polyethylene or polypropylene which are perfectly suitable as soon as they are rigid enough to support without deformation the concrete support. They can also be made of wood.
- the format of these profiles may vary. We choose them preferably at least a sixth of the height height provided for the concrete support, so that reduce the area of its cross section on at least a sixth. More preferably, the height of the profiles is at least equal to a third of the height of the support. Best aesthetic results for floors nine according to the invention were obtained when the profile height is at least half the support height.
- the profile has a section substantially in the shape of a "V" which is reverse on the foundations of industrial soil, this so that the salient angle of the "V" is directed towards the surface support.
- the profile has a section substantially in the shape of a "T" which is reverse on the foundations of industrial soil, this so that the vertical bar of the "T” be arranged vertically and directed towards the upper surface of the support.
- the profile has a section substantially of the form of a "Y”, which is stably arranged on the industrial soil foundations, so that one of the "Y" branches are arranged vertically and directed towards the upper surface of the support.
- the profiled crack inducers are installed, and preferably fixed on the foundations of industrial soil to using a suitable fixing means such as points, we pour the concrete to form the support, then, as soon as the support has reached resistance sufficient mechanical properties, we smooth the concrete surface advantageously by covering it with minus a smoothing layer; then we cover successively the smoothed surface of at least one means of decoupling, of a lattice-shaped frame, then, at least one layer to form the coating.
- the invention makes it possible to give this thin coating separated from the concrete support mechanical performance of industrial level, therefore much higher than those encountered in the case of residential floors and known pedestrian, and so transfer all advantages of this coating construction technique to industrial circles.
- the invention is also suitable for carrying out residential and pedestrian floors (for example, those hospital or school buildings).
- foundations of industrial soil are a layer of everything coming made from a mixture of raw aggregates of career, and foundations also include a plastic sheet insulating under the foundations, compacted by roller.
- Such concrete guarantees characteristic resistance to 28 days according to NF P 18305 standard of 35 MPa.
- Concrete setting is quick. It is indeed possible to walk on concrete ten hours after pouring.
- the temperature has varied from 3 to 5 ° C.
- An adhesion primer is then applied to the entire surface of the support in a single layer.
- This primer consists of an aqueous phase dispersion of vinyl copolymers. This primer is left to dry for two hours. Consumption is around 200 g per m 2 of surface.
- the product applied is essentially a smoothing coating cement, marketed by OMNIPLASTIC under the name OMNIPLAN. This coating is chosen because the level of its mechanical characteristics which support the indirect load of industrial mechanical constraints.
- the smoothing product is then left to harden for 24 hours, sufficient time for it to withstand a pedestrian traffic.
- the smoothing layer is then coated with a viscous liquid product, which will allow the non-adhesion of the wear layer and the smoothing layer.
- This product creates a waterproof, resistant and completely non-adherent film.
- These are petroleum derivatives in aqueous dispersion marketed under the name ELVECURE by the company CHRYSO. The consumption of this product is 150 grams per m 2 . This product is allowed to dry for 4 hours to make it suitable for supporting a man's walk.
- the coating or wear layer is the coating or wear layer
- the coating is left as it is for 18 hours, then apply a liquid product to inhibit evaporation of water from the hydraulic coating and, by there, its early cracking.
- This product called cure, is specially designed to allow application subsequent to all other aesthetic coatings; paints, textiles, plastics or others.
- the soil is left out of the way for 48 hours, then returned to heavy traffic within 5 days without any damage: storage of pallets of 1.2 tonnes out of 5 levels, handling by wheeled forklifts full bandage.
- Another example of a site making a floor industrial renovated jointless, 1500 m2, in cold weather with variations ranging from + 1 ° C to + 15 ° C.
- the wear layer support is aged concrete, of suitable characteristics, dry, with cohesion correct, but with irregular cracks distributed.
- An adhesion primer is then applied to all the surface in a single layer.
- This primary consists of an aqueous phase dispersion of copolymers vinyl.
- This primer is left to dry for two hours. Consumption is around 200 g per m 2 of surface.
- the product applied is essentially a smoothing coating cement, marketed by OMNIPLASTIC under the name OMNIPLAN. This coating is chosen because the level of its mechanical characteristics which support the indirect load of industrial mechanical constraints.
- the smoothing product is then left to harden for 24 hours, sufficient time for it to withstand a pedestrian traffic.
- the smoothing layer is then coated with a viscous liquid product, which will allow the non-adhesion of the wear layer and the smoothing layer.
- This product creates a waterproof, resistant and completely non-adherent film.
- These are petroleum derivatives in aqueous dispersion marketed under the name ELVECURE by the company CHRYSO. The consumption of this product is 150 grams per m 2 .
- This product is allowed to dry for 4 hours for the to be able to support a man's walk.
- the coating or wear layer is the coating or wear layer
- the coating is left as it is for 18 hours, then apply a liquid product to inhibit evaporation of water from the hydraulic coating and, by there, its early cracking.
- This product called cure, is specially designed to allow application subsequent to all other aesthetic coatings: paints, textiles, plastics or others.
- the soil is left out of the way for 48 hours, then returned to heavy traffic within 5 days without any damage: storage of 1 ton electric motors, wheeled forklift handling full.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
- une première couche en béton, dite ci-après "support en béton", dans laquelle un phénomène de retrait est susceptible de se manifester ou de s'être manifesté au moment de la prise ou du durcissement ;
- et au moins une autre couche, dite ci-après "couche d'usure ou revêtement" désolidarisée du support en béton. Cette seconde couche peut être de préférence obtenue à partir d'une composition à base d'au moins un liant hydraulique et/ou d'au moins un liant organique.
- permettre une circulation facile et en toute sécurité des personnes et des engins, notamment de manutention, et en conséquence, pour ne pas être à l'origine d'accidents du travail ;
- offrir des qualités de confort, d'esthétique voire d'aspect décoratif et de facilité d'entretien pour l'amélioration du cadre de travail ;
- limiter les travaux de réfection qui peuvent entraíner un arrêt de l'entreprise.
- un comportement au roulage suffisant pour résister au trafic des engins ainsi qu'à leur poids ;
- une résistance au poinçonnement sous l'action de fortes charges par l'intermédiaire de surfaces réduites tels que structure de stockage, etc. ;
- des résistances en compression et en flexion/traction pour résister aux charges lourdes ;
- un comportement aux chocs suffisant pour faire face sans éclatement ou fissuration à des chocs prévisibles et quantifiés lors de la conception du sol, du type dépose brutale d'éléments lourds, chute d'objets ;
- et, le cas échéant, un comportement aux contraintes thermiques découlant de la température d'utilisation (par exemple, risque de gel du sol industriel) ou des variations thermiques qu'il peut subir.
- le Bulletin du ciment n°5 de mai 1990 (chapitre intitulé "Les chapes - Structures de revêtement de sol, Chapes à base de ciment. Directives pour le projet et l'exécution") ;
- et le Document Technique Unifié (D.T.U.) de septembre 1982 (cahier 1794, n°26.2, intitulé "Chapes et dalles à base de liants hydrauliques) ;
- tous les 25 m2 et au plus tous les 8 m si la surface est destinée à rester nue ou à recevoir un film de peinture ;
- tous les 50 m2 et au plus tous les 10 m dans les autres cas.
- au plus tous les 5 m pour limiter les phénomènes de fissuration aléatoire ;
- et dans toutes les régions où des concentrations de tension peuvent conduire à une fissuration aléatoire, comme par exemple les discontinuités d'épaisseur ou les interruptions de la continuité de la surface par suite de la présence d'un pilier, d'un regard, d'une porte ou d'un angle saillant.
Classiquement, les joints sont exécutés dès que possible, le plus souvent par sciage mécanique.
La découpe des joints a pour effet de créer une section de moindre résistance dans le béton qui de ce fait se fissurera préférentiellement. L'autre effet recherché est l'aspect net et droit de la fissure en surface, ce qui permet de la traiter par diverses méthodes connues : profilés, enduits de remplissage, etc.
Une technique bien connue pour diminuer, voire éliminer la remontée des fissures du support en béton au revêtement consiste à prévoir entre eux une couche intermédiaire pour rendre le revêtement non-adhérent au support en béton. Dans un tel cas, le revêtement (ou chape d'usure) est dit "flottant". Se reporter, par exemple, à la publication FRICK et AL Baukonstruktionslehre (1979, B.G., TEUBNER, STÜTTGART, 27ème édition, Vol. 1, pages 234-245).
- les sols localisés dans des bâtiments assujettis à de faibles variations hygrométriques et/ou thermiques ;
- les sols supportant peu ou pas de charges concentrées tels que les parkings;
- les sols présentant peu ou pas de discontinuités, tels que des poteaux, des regards, etc.
- une résistance en compression de l'ordre de 10 MPa ou supérieure, de préférence au moins égale à 20 MPa (selon la norme EN 196-1 de Mars 1990) , et
- une résistance en flexion/traction au moins de l'ordre de 2,2 MPa ou supérieure, de préférence au moins égale à 2,5 MPa ;
- un bon état de surface (faible rugosité, absence de laitances).
Dans le cas où le revêtement est composé de plusieurs couches superposées, l'armature est intégrée dans la couche de plus forte épaisseur.
Le format et la dimension des mailles dessinées par l'armature en forme de treillis peuvent également varier. Ils sont souvent la conséquence du type de matériau constituant l'armature en raison des techniques de fabrication.
Toutefois, on veillera à ce que les dimensions des mailles de l'armature soient supérieures aux dimensions des particules et/ou des fibres que renferme la composition de revêtement pour éviter un effet de tamisage de cette composition.
Enfin, le choix de la densité des mailles et du matériau de l'armature est bien entendu fait en fonction du niveau de résistance à la traction que l'on souhaite voir développer par l'armature.
Une fois que l'armature est posée la dernière étape pour former le sol selon l'invention consiste à couler une ou plusieurs couches pour former le revêtement. Il est recommandé de prévoir, pour le revêtement, une épaisseur au moins égale à 10 mm car, en deçà, les résistances mécaniques en flexion du sol industriel risquent d'être insuffisantes. Comme indiqué plus haut, l'épaisseur de la couche de revêtement peut atteindre jusqu'à 30 mm. Mais, pour des raisons économiques essentiellement, on préfère retenir une épaisseur de l'ordre de 15 mm. On remarquera que l'invention rend possible une diminution considérable de l'épaisseur de la chape, quand on la compare à celle habituellement prévue actuellement, qui est au moins égale à 40 mm pour ne pas fissurer (voir, par exemple, la publication FRICK et AL "Baukonstruktionslehre", 1979, B.G., TEUBNER, STÜTTGART, 27ème Edition, Vol. 1, pages 266-269).
Un bénéfice majeur de l'invention est que la composition précise de la couche de revêtement n'est pas critique. Le choix de cette composition se fait essentiellement en fonction des caractéristiques que l'on souhaite donner à la couche de revêtement (en particulier retrait minimum) et à l'usage, qui sera fait du sol fini.
Néanmoins, on préfère utiliser des compositions de couche de revêtement comprenant au moins un liant hydraulique et au moins un liant organique, car dans ces conditions, le procédé selon l'invention s'est révélé être très performant (absence de fissuration sur la surface supérieure du dallage).
- on procède au lissage de la surface du béton, dès qu'il a atteint des résistances suffisantes pour supporter des charges légères comme le poids d'un ou de plusieurs opérateurs, de préférence avant l'apparition de la fissuration induite, de préférence encore à l'aide d'au moins une couche de lissage;
- ensuite, on dépose successivement au moins un moyen de désolidarisation, une armature en forme de treillis et au moins une couche pour former le revêtement.
- les industries où la présence de joints est préjudiciable (agro-alimentaire) ;
- ou encore quand la tenue des sols dans le temps ne peut être que limitée en raison des activités pratiquées (mécaniques lourdes, industries chimiques, agro-alimentaire, chambres froides, sidérurgie, etc.)
Ensuite, on procède à la mise en place du béton avec une règle manuelle sans rail. Le béton coulé comprend :
- sable : 820 kg/m3 dont 191 kg/m3 de sable fin ;
- gravillon : 938 kg/m3 ;
- liant hydraulique (ciment Portland CPA 55), 370 kg/m3 ;
- eau de gâchage : 197 +/- 7 kg/m3 ;
- un fluidifiant : 0,25 % du poids du liant hydraulique.
- ciment Portland : 18 % à 25 %
- ciment alumineux : 1 % à 10 %
- fillers : 5 % à 25 %
- sables siliceux : 35 % à 65 %
- liant organique : 0,5 % à 5 %
- fluidifiant : 0,05 % à 1 %
- régulateur de prise : 0,01 % à 0,3 %
- ciment Portland : 18 % à 25 %
- ciment alumineux : 1 % à 10 %
- fillers : 5 % à 25 %
- sables siliceux : 35 % à 65 %
- liant organique : 0,5 % à 5 %
- fluidifiant : 0,05 % à 1 %
- régulateur de prise : 0,01 % à 0,3 %
Claims (16)
- Sol perfectionné pour les besoins des activités industrielles comprenant au moins une couche de revêtement sur un support en béton neuf ou existant, ce revêtement étant obtenu à partir d'une cqmposition à base d'au moins un liant hydraulique, ce sol étant caractérisé en ce que le revêtement est désolidarisé du support en béton et en ce que la face supérieure du support en béton est traitée successivement de la façon suivante :a) lissage de cette face supérieure de sorte que sa planéité/rugosité soit inférieure à 2 mm sous la règle de 2 mètres ;b) dépôt d'au moins un moyen pour rendre non adhérente la première couche de revêtement de la surface lissée du support, ci-après désigné "moyen de désolidarisation" ;c) dépôt sur le moyen de désolidarisation d'au moins une couche de revêtement armé sur toute la surface à traiter, l'épaisseur de ce revêtement étant au maximum de 30 mm.
- Sol selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le lissage est obtenu en recouvrant la face supérieure du support avec au moins une couche d'un produit autolissant, ci-après désignée "couche de lissage", cette couche de lissage devant en outre adhérer au support en béton.
- Sol selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la résistance en compression du support en béton est de l'ordre de 10 MPa ou supérieure, de préférence au moins égale à 20 MPa, selon la norme EN 196-1 de Mars 1990, en ce que sa résistance en flexion/traction est au moins de l'ordre de 2,2 MPa ou supérieure, de préférence au moins égale à 2,5 MPa.
- Sol selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la couche de lissage est réalisé au moyen d'un matériau, permettant d'atteindre, une fois durci, une résistance en compression minimale de l'ordre de 10 MPa, de préférence au moins égale à 20 MPa.
- Sol selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche de lissage est de l'ordre de 3 mm ou supérieure.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche formée avec au moins un moyen de désolidarisation est de l'ordre de 100 µm à 200 µm.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche formée avec au moins un moyen de désolidarisation est de 3 mm ou supérieure sous réserve que le matériau utilisé supporte, sans se déformer, la pression de la chape en service.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce la couche de revêtement est faite d'une composition comprenant au moins un liant hydraulique et au moins un liant organique.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que, préalablement au dépôt de la couche de lissage sur le support en béton, on recouvre la face supérieure du support d'une couche d'un produit d'imprégnation pour améliorer l'adhérence et pour réguler la porosité du support en béton et, le cas échéant, prévenir l'apparition des laitances de surface.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé en ce que, dans la fabrication d'un sol neuf, on dispose sur les fondations, un ou plusieurs profilés choisis dans un matériau adhérant peu ou pas avec le béton, lesdits profilés, en réduisant la section du béton au droit des profilés, permettant d'induire une fissure sensiblement verticale au droit de chaque inducteur si les tensions dans le béton résultant du retrait sont suffisantes ; puis on coule le béton sur les fondations et lesdits profilés, pour former le support en béton.
- Sol selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les profilés sont disposés dans toutes les régions où des concentrations de tension peuvent conduire à une fissuration indésirable.
- Sol selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le profilé a une section sensiblement de la forme d'un "V" que l'on inverse sur les fondations du sol, ceci afin que l'angle saillant du "V" soit dirigé vers la surface supérieure du support en béton.
- Sol selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le profilé a une section sensiblement de la forme d'un "T" que l'on inverse sur les fondations du sol, ceci afin que la barre verticale du "T" soit disposée verticalement et dirigée vers la surface supérieure du support.
- Sol selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le profilé a une section sensiblement de la forme d'un "Y", que l'on dispose de façon stable sur les fondations du sol, de telle sorte que l'une, des branches du "Y" soit disposée verticalement et dirigée vers la surface supérieure du support.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les inducteurs de fissure profilés sont espacés les uns des autres d'une distance allant de 1 mètre à 10 mètres environ, et préférentiellement d'au moins 5 mètres.
- Sol selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur du profilé est au moins égale à 1/6 de la hauteur du support en béton, de préférence au moins égale à 1/3 de la hauteur du support en béton, de préférence encore au moins égale à la moitié de la hauteur du support en béton.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9402011 | 1994-02-16 | ||
FR9402011A FR2716215B1 (fr) | 1994-02-16 | 1994-02-16 | Sol perfectionné comprenant une couche d'usure non adhérente sur un support en béton et procédé pour la réalisation d'un tel sol. |
PCT/FR1995/000182 WO1995022671A1 (fr) | 1994-02-16 | 1995-02-15 | Sol industriel comprenant une couche d'usure non adherente sur un support en beton |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0745170A1 EP0745170A1 (fr) | 1996-12-04 |
EP0745170B1 true EP0745170B1 (fr) | 1999-05-12 |
Family
ID=9460320
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95910574A Expired - Lifetime EP0745170B1 (fr) | 1994-02-16 | 1995-02-15 | Sol industriel comprenant une couche d'usure non adherente sur un support en beton |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5848504A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0745170B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE180037T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9506751A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2183463A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ241996A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69509636T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2132646T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2716215B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995022671A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6321132B1 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2001-11-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Efficient method for designing slabs for production from an order book |
USD813421S1 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2018-03-20 | Progress Profiles Spa | Floor underlayment |
US9188348B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2015-11-17 | Progress Profiles Spa | Method and apparatus for positioning heating elements |
US8893453B2 (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2014-11-25 | Elastilon B.V. | Intermediate floor, method for producing an intermediate floor and use of an intermediate floor |
US8950141B2 (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2015-02-10 | Schluter Systems L.P. | Veneer underlayment |
CA3061778C (fr) | 2014-08-18 | 2020-03-31 | Progress Profiles Spa | Procede et appareil pour le positionnement d'elements chauffants |
US10215423B2 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2019-02-26 | Progress Profiles S.P.A. | Method and apparatus for positioning heating elements |
USD806911S1 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-02 | Silcart S.P.A. | Floor underlayment |
US9726383B1 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2017-08-08 | Progress Profiles S.P.A. | Support for radiant covering and floor heating elements |
US10859274B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2020-12-08 | Progress Profiles S.P.A. | Support for radiant covering and floor heating elements |
DE202017101349U1 (de) | 2017-03-09 | 2018-06-12 | Werner Schlüter | Entkopplungsmatte |
USD1036979S1 (en) | 2020-04-06 | 2024-07-30 | Progress Profiles S.P.A. | Floor underlayment |
USD1036242S1 (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2024-07-23 | Progress Profiles S.P.A. | Floor underlayment |
CN111962349A (zh) * | 2020-07-18 | 2020-11-20 | 北京住总第一开发建设有限公司 | 一种耐磨混凝土地面施工工艺 |
USD1036243S1 (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2024-07-23 | Progress Profiles S.P.A. | Floor underlayment |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3024711A (en) * | 1958-09-25 | 1962-03-13 | Devoe & Raynolds Co | Iron-epoxy floors and process for making them |
FR2495665A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-11 | Lucas Jean Claude | Joints de coffrage, mise a niveau et de retrait de dallage |
DE3115979C2 (de) * | 1981-04-22 | 1983-07-21 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, 8715 Iphofen | Selbstnivellierende Mörtelmischung |
DE3328868A1 (de) * | 1983-08-10 | 1985-02-28 | E. Schwenk Baustoffwerke KG, 7900 Ulm | Fugenleiste fuer eine estrichschicht |
GB2185046A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-07-08 | Square Grip Ltd | Concrete reinforcing elements allowing for relative movement between concrete and element |
DE3730067A1 (de) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-03-30 | Bayer Ag | Selbstnivellierende moertelmischung |
NL8800611A (nl) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-10-02 | Stichting Istaned | Samengestelde vloerconstructie en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan. |
DE9209420U1 (de) * | 1992-07-14 | 1993-03-04 | Guggemos, Georg, 8900 Augsburg | Fugenschiene |
NL9301034A (nl) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-02 | Osbe Parket B V | Werkwijze voor het leggen van een vloer. |
-
1994
- 1994-02-16 FR FR9402011A patent/FR2716215B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-02-15 BR BR9506751A patent/BR9506751A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-02-15 US US08/693,334 patent/US5848504A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-15 DE DE69509636T patent/DE69509636T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-15 CZ CZ962419A patent/CZ241996A3/cs unknown
- 1995-02-15 WO PCT/FR1995/000182 patent/WO1995022671A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-02-15 CA CA002183463A patent/CA2183463A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-02-15 ES ES95910574T patent/ES2132646T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-15 AT AT95910574T patent/ATE180037T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-15 EP EP95910574A patent/EP0745170B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5848504A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
WO1995022671A1 (fr) | 1995-08-24 |
CZ241996A3 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
BR9506751A (pt) | 1997-09-16 |
ES2132646T3 (es) | 1999-08-16 |
DE69509636D1 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
EP0745170A1 (fr) | 1996-12-04 |
CA2183463A1 (fr) | 1995-08-24 |
DE69509636T2 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
FR2716215A1 (fr) | 1995-08-18 |
FR2716215B1 (fr) | 1996-04-26 |
ATE180037T1 (de) | 1999-05-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0745170B1 (fr) | Sol industriel comprenant une couche d'usure non adherente sur un support en beton | |
US10648183B2 (en) | Architectural concrete and method of forming the same | |
US5956921A (en) | Method for preparing flooring system having crack suppression and fracture resistance | |
NZ273473A (en) | Concrete floor, having a polished dry shake top layer blended into a custom concrete base mix | |
CN110905162A (zh) | 一种纤维增强金刚砂耐磨地面施工方法 | |
US5643509A (en) | Method for forming a roller compacted concrete industrial floor slab | |
FR2981373A1 (fr) | Revetement de sol drainant, son procede de fabrication et ses utilisations sur un sol permeable ou impermeable | |
EP1189850B1 (fr) | Beton pour la construction de chapes auto-nivelantes et son procede d'utilisation | |
CN1222617A (zh) | 石材饰面砼复合铺地板及其制作与铺设施工方法 | |
BE1006676A5 (fr) | Masse de remplissage pour joint viscoelastique continu pour ouvrage d'art en beton et joint viscoelastique comprenant cette masse de remplissage. | |
CA2262982C (fr) | Procede de realisation d'un sol et sol ainsi obtenu | |
JPH10299266A (ja) | 床面の補修方法 | |
CN109653473A (zh) | 一种高寒地区屋面停车场抗裂彩色镜面混凝土地坪做法 | |
CN212129795U (zh) | 一种防潮抗裂地面结构 | |
CN217711534U (zh) | 一种水性环氧防腐地坪 | |
FR3113078A1 (fr) | Bassin avec fond carrele | |
EP0433155A1 (fr) | Procédé de construction d'un complexe bitumineux routier à fort capital de fatigue et d'imperméabilité | |
EP1069241A1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d'un sol et revêtement de sol | |
Williamson | Concrete floors | |
FR2807029A1 (fr) | Complexe d'etancheite, preparations, utilisations; beton bitumineux coule original | |
BE1009726A6 (fr) | Panneaux de recouvrement de sols tenant lieu de chape ou de carrelage. | |
FR2697042A1 (fr) | Matériau de revêtement, élément de revêtement fabriqué avec ce matériau et procécé de fabrication. | |
FR3101872A1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d’objets non structurels en béton réalisés à partir de matières premières secondaires en vue d’obtenir des effets spécifiques | |
CN118601262A (zh) | 一种具有多重防裂的环氧磨石地坪 | |
FR2556395A1 (fr) | Procede de revetement de sol, ainsi que produit, notamment chape ou dalle, obtenu par la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960903 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19980130 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 180037 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19990515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69509636 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19990617 |
|
RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: LAFARGE MATERIAUX DE SPECIALITES S.A. |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: WILLIAM BLANC & CIE CONSEILS EN PROPRIETE INDUSTRI |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2132646 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19990722 |
|
NLT2 | Nl: modifications (of names), taken from the european patent patent bulletin |
Owner name: LAFARGE MATERIAUX DE SPECIALITES S.A. |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20000113 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20000124 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20000126 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20000127 Year of fee payment: 6 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20000127 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20000128 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20000131 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20000215 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20000223 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010215 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010216 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010216 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010228 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010228 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010228 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: LAFARGE MATERIAUX DE SPECIALITES Effective date: 20010228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010901 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20010215 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 95910574.3 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20010901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20021016 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010228 |