EP0745005B1 - Process for storing mixed rubbish - Google Patents

Process for storing mixed rubbish Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0745005B1
EP0745005B1 EP95909632A EP95909632A EP0745005B1 EP 0745005 B1 EP0745005 B1 EP 0745005B1 EP 95909632 A EP95909632 A EP 95909632A EP 95909632 A EP95909632 A EP 95909632A EP 0745005 B1 EP0745005 B1 EP 0745005B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
inert gas
refuse
bunker
rubbish
process according
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EP95909632A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0745005A1 (en
Inventor
Günter H. KISS
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Thermoselect AG
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Thermoselect AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/16—Signs formed of or incorporating reflecting elements or surfaces, e.g. warning signs having triangular or other geometrical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/38—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers
    • B65D90/44—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers by use of inert gas for filling space above liquid or between contents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/0418—Constructional details
    • G09F13/0472—Traffic signs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/908—Trash container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storage of heterogeneous waste in interim or treason stores in an essentially inert atmosphere.
  • Ignition sources such as furnace ash, chemicals and metal parts, are brought in uncontrolled. In addition run in the bunker - despite constant air exchange aerobic and anaerobic processes, which include Temperature increases cause self-ignition can.
  • Garbage bunkers are therefore potential dangers in the sense of Accident Ordinance. In the event of a malfunction, there is considerable and extremely negative effects.
  • plant areas mentioned here are exemplary plant areas in which the obvious dangers too completely different incidents of any kind (J. Look, TÜV Bavaria / Saxony, safety technology for waste incineration plants with regard to the Accident Ordinance, Conference on thermal disposal of waste and residues, December 9th and 10th, 1993, Cologne).
  • Garbage bunker the existing fire protection requirements must meet over firewalls, temperature resistant suction devices, smoke and Heat flaps, emergency power supply safety devices, Fire monitoring systems, extinguishing systems, Loading options for bunker fires and infrared cameras on the possible localization of the Fire sources. Since rubbish bunker fires are the rule not on the surface, but within the stored waste are the fire protection required facilities despite infrared cameras insufficiently suited to precisely locate the source of the fire and to fight specifically, and especially not suitable to prevent it from occurring.
  • DE-U 91 04 259 describes a device for shredding described of waste materials or waste containers, which contain flammable liquids, in of the waste or containers and these explosion-proof can be crushed.
  • the end of the task should of a screw conveyor gas-tight to a shredder connected and the discharge end of the screw conveyor be designed as a lock. Both the Shredder as well as the screw conveyor should then be filled with an inert gas.
  • EP 0 385 099 A2 describes a method for harmless degassing and landfill of free flowing Solids are described in underground caverns.
  • ground solids are said to end with Air is introduced into a bunker and the solids via a downpipe then into a filled with inert gas Salt cavern to be drained.
  • the emerging there Gases are said to be burned by a burner, and the oxidized gases are washed out with an aqueous solution and the aqueous washing solution in the salt cavern be stored.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a Specify the process whereby the storage of Waste of the type described in bunkers or large containers Fires and gas explosions practically impossible can be aerobic decomposition processes suppressed and slowed anaerobic decomposition in which further the formation of dioxins and furans in a subsequent thermal recovery is prevented as far as possible, and the infestation of stocks by vermin safely excluded becomes.
  • Disposal safety can be significantly increased, and while reducing operating costs at the same time.
  • the inert gas atmosphere can be pressure locks seal off from the outside air.
  • waste is disposed of before being compressed Presence of atmospheric oxygen stored.
  • the education of fire nests in the upstream waste bunker, for example by bringing in ember pocket or the like. is ultimately not to be prevented there.
  • Carbon dioxide as an inert gas has the additional advantage that the inert gas extracted from the bunker from the High temperature area of a thermal treatment plant fed, detoxified there and if necessary can be included in the gasification process.
  • the method according to the invention guarantees the greatest possible Availability of the respective system at accordingly improved security of disposal. There on no active or passive fire protection measures can be significant cost savings too realize. Because of the lack of fire risk are significant to pay lower fire insurance premiums.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a process for the storage of heterogeneous wastes in holding or supply dumps, such as rubbish bunkers or suitable rubbish containers, prior to its removal and subsequent thermal utilization or some other processing technique. By introducing a variable flow of inert gas consisting essentially of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into the rubbish bunker, fires and gas explosions are practically excluded, aerobic decomposition processes are suppressed, and anaerobic decomposition is retarded. Using a variable flow of inert gas also prevents the further formation of dioxins and furans in a subsequent thermal utilization, as well as reliably preventing vermin from attacking the rubbish. By avoiding or at least significantly reducing these disturbances in the bunker zone, disposal safety is significantly increased. Storage of the wastes preferably takes place in an essentially inert atmosphere which is introduced into the rubbish bunker adjacent the bottom so that the inert gas flows upwardly through the rubbish. Storage of the wastes in an inert atmosphere essentially prevents the occurrence of a fire.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Lagern von heterogenem Müll in Zwischen- bzw. Verratslagern in einer im wesentlichen inerten Atmosphäre.The invention relates to a method for storage of heterogeneous waste in interim or treason stores in an essentially inert atmosphere.

Anlagen, in denen Abfälle wie Haus- und Sondermüll, Klärschlämme und Industrieabfälle thermisch behandelt werden, verfügen eingangsseitig über Müllbunker, in denen größere Mengen dieser heterogenen Entsorgungsgüter zwischengelagert bzw. vorratsgespeichert werden. Diese Abfälle, hier zusammengefaßt als "Müll" bezeichnet, sind in ihrer sehr heterogenen Zusammensetzung und in den üblichen Lagermengen von Tausenden von Tonnen ein erhebliches Umweltrisiko.Plants in which waste such as domestic and special waste, Sewage sludge and industrial waste thermally treated have garbage bunkers on the entrance side which larger quantities of these heterogeneous disposal goods temporarily stored or stored. This waste, summarized here as "garbage" are labeled in their very heterogeneous composition and in the usual storage quantities of thousands tons of significant environmental risk.

Zündquellen, wie Ofenasche, Chemikalien und Metallteile, werden unkontrolliert eingebracht. Zusätzlich laufen im Bunker - trotz ständigen Luftaustausches aerobe und anaerobe Prozesse ab, die u.a. Temperaturerhöhungen bis zur Selbstentzündung verursachen können. Ignition sources such as furnace ash, chemicals and metal parts, are brought in uncontrolled. In addition run in the bunker - despite constant air exchange aerobic and anaerobic processes, which include Temperature increases cause self-ignition can.

Müllbunker sind daher Gefahrenpotentiale im Sinne der Störfallverordnung. Bei Störfällen ist mit erheblichen und äußerst negativen Auswirkungen zu rechnen. Bei den hier angesprochenen Anlagenbereichen handelt es sich um beispielhafte Anlagenbereiche, bei denen die augenfälligen Gefahren zu völlig unterschiedlich gearteten Störfällen führen können (J. Look, TÜV Bayern/Sachsen, Sicherheitstechnik bei Abfallverbrennungsanlagen im Hinblick auf die Störfallverordnung, Konferenz Thermische Entsorgung von Abfall und Reststoffen, 9. und 10.12.1993, Köln).Garbage bunkers are therefore potential dangers in the sense of Accident Ordinance. In the event of a malfunction, there is considerable and extremely negative effects. In the plant areas mentioned here are exemplary plant areas in which the obvious dangers too completely different incidents of any kind (J. Look, TÜV Bavaria / Saxony, safety technology for waste incineration plants with regard to the Accident Ordinance, Conference on thermal disposal of waste and residues, December 9th and 10th, 1993, Cologne).

Die im Brandfall freigesetzten wesentlichen gefährlichen Stoffe sind

  • Schwermetallverbindungen,
  • saure Gase,
  • organische Schadstoffe aus der Kunststoffverschwelung,
  • polyhalogenierte Dibenzodioxine und Furane sowie andere cancerogene Systeme.
The essential dangerous substances released in the event of fire are
  • Heavy metal compounds,
  • acid gases,
  • organic pollutants from plastic smoldering,
  • polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins and furans as well as other carcinogenic systems.

Den vorgenannten Untersuchungen des TÜV Bayern/Sachsen (Look) sind die in der Anlage beigefügten Tabellen 1 bis 14 entnommen, die das qualitative und quantitative Gefahrstoffpotential in übersichtlicher Form belegen.The aforementioned investigations by TÜV Bayern / Sachsen (Look) are the tables attached in the attachment 1 to 14 taken from the qualitative and quantitative Clearly structured hazardous substance potential occupy.

Brandnester in Müll-Lagern führen meist zu Schwelbränden, die sich lange unerkannt unter der Oberfläche des Lagergutes ausbreiten und häufig nur schwer zugänglich sind. Bunkerschwelbrände in Großanlagen können daher lange, gegebenenfalls mehrere Wochen, anhalten. Fire nests in garbage stores mostly lead to smoldering fires, which has long been undetected beneath the surface spread the stored goods and often only with difficulty are accessible. Bunker smoldering fires in large plants can therefore be long, possibly several weeks, stop.

Häufigkeit und Dauer der Müllbunkerbrände stellen nicht nur ein erhebliches ökologisches Risiko dar, sie verringern auch die Verfügbarkeit der Müllverbrennungsanlagen für Weiterbearbeitungszwecke und beeinträchtigen die Entsorgungssicherheit.Make the frequency and duration of the garbage bunker fires is not only a significant ecological risk, they also reduce the availability of waste incineration plants for further processing purposes and affect the safety of disposal.

Neben den ökologischen und technischen Problemen, die ein Müllbunkerbrand mit sich bringt, sind die ökonomischen Belastungen signifikant. Neben der Betriebsunterbrechnung mit dem damit verbundenen Entsorgungsausfall muß der mit Löschmittel durchsetzte teilverbrannte Müll mit allen Schadstoffen nach dem Löschen des Brandes aus dem Bunker entfernt und einer anderen Entsorgung zugeführt werden. Durch Versicherungen kann der wirtschaftliche, ökologische und technische Schaden für den Betreiber solcher Anlagen nur unzureichend abgedeckt werden. Da Bunkerbrände für Versicherer ein schwer zu kalkulierendes Risiko darstellen, steigen die ohnehin erheblichen Versicherungsbeiträge nicht zuletzt auch in Anbetracht der aus Folgeschäden resultierenden möglichen Regreßansprüche ständig weiter.In addition to the ecological and technical problems that a garbage bunker fire is economical Loads significant. In addition to the business interruption with the associated disposal failure the partially burned with extinguishing agent must Garbage with all pollutants after being deleted of the fire removed from the bunker and another Disposal. Through insurance can be the economic, environmental and technical Inadequate damage to the operator of such systems be covered. Because bunker fires for insurers pose a difficult risk to calculate the already substantial insurance premiums increase not least in view of the Consequential damages resulting from possible recourse claims constantly on.

Ein weiteres, aus der Zwischen- oder Vorratslagerung des Mülls sich ergebendes Risiko stellt die aus möglichen Zersetzungsprozessen resultierende Methanbildung dar. Vermischt mit Luft kann sich ein zündfähiges Gasgemisch ergeben, das zu grober Explosionsgefahr führen kann.Another one, from the interim or stock storage The resulting risk of garbage poses the possible Decomposition processes resulting methane formation Mixed with air can become an ignitable Gas mixture result in a gross risk of explosion can lead.

Gemessen an den möglichen Ausweitungen eines Bunkerbrandes und an den Gefahren, die mit der Bildung von zündfähigen Gasgemischen verbunden sind, ist ein möglicher Schädlingsbefall des Lagergutes oder eine in der Vergangenheit auch beobachtete Rattenplage im Lagerbereich zwar nicht so relevant, trotzdem muß auch hiergegen Vorkehrung getroffen werden.Measured by the possible expansion of a bunker fire and the dangers associated with the formation of ignitable gas mixtures are one possible Pest infestation of the stored goods or an in rat plague observed in the past Storage area not so relevant, but must Precautions are also taken against this.

Es war und ist deshalb das Bestreben der Fachwelt, Müllbunkerbrände frühzeitig zu erkennen, einen erforderlichen Löschmitteleinsatz möglichst frühzeitig zu starten und die Bildung von zündfähigen Gasgemischen durch intensiven Luftwechsel in den Müllbunkern zu vermeiden. Der diesbezügliche Stand der Technik beschränkte sich bisher auf die Brandbekämpfung im Müllbunker erst im Brandfall, gezielte Vorkehrungsmaßnahmen für eine Brandverhinderung gibt es bisher nicht.It was and is therefore the aim of the professional world Recognize garbage bunker early on, a necessary one Use extinguishing agents as early as possible start and the formation of ignitable gas mixtures due to intensive air changes in the waste bunkers avoid. The related prior art limited so far on fire fighting in the Garbage bunkers only in case of fire, targeted precautionary measures So far there has been a fire prevention Not.

Müllbunker, die bestehende brandschutztechnische Erfordernisse erfüllen, müssen u.a. über Brandmauern, temperaturbeständige Absaugvorrichtungen, Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsklappen, notstromversorgte Sicherheitseinrichtungen, Brandüberwachungssysteme, Löschsysteme, Beschickungsmöglichkeiten bei Bunkerbränden und Infrarotkameras zur möglichen Lokalisierung des Brandherdes verfügen. Da Müllbunkerbrände ind er Regel nicht auf der Oberfläche, sondern innerhalb des gelagerten Mülls entstehen, sind die brandschutztechnisch geforderten Einrichtungen trotz Infrarotkameras nur unzureichend geeignet, den Brandherd exakt zu lokalisieren und gezielt zu bekämpfen, und schon gar nicht geeignet, ihn vor seiner Entstehung zu verhindern.Garbage bunker, the existing fire protection requirements must meet over firewalls, temperature resistant suction devices, smoke and Heat flaps, emergency power supply safety devices, Fire monitoring systems, extinguishing systems, Loading options for bunker fires and infrared cameras on the possible localization of the Fire sources. Since rubbish bunker fires are the rule not on the surface, but within the stored waste are the fire protection required facilities despite infrared cameras insufficiently suited to precisely locate the source of the fire and to fight specifically, and especially not suitable to prevent it from occurring.

In der DE-U 91 04 259 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Abfallstoffen oder Abfallgebinden beschrieben, die brennbare Flüssigkeiten enthalten, in der Abfälle oder Gebinde und diese explosionssicher zerkleinert werden können. Dabei soll das Aufgabeende eines Schneckenförderers gasdicht an einen Zerkleinerer angeschlossen und das Abgabeende des Schneckenförderers als Schleuse ausgebildet sein. Sowohl der Zerkleinerer als auch der Schneckenförderer sollte dann mit einem inerten Gas befüllbar sein.DE-U 91 04 259 describes a device for shredding described of waste materials or waste containers, which contain flammable liquids, in of the waste or containers and these explosion-proof can be crushed. The end of the task should of a screw conveyor gas-tight to a shredder connected and the discharge end of the screw conveyor be designed as a lock. Both the Shredder as well as the screw conveyor should then be filled with an inert gas.

Außerdem ist in der EP 0 385 099 A2 ein Verfahren zur schadlosen Entgasung und Deponierung von rieselfähigen Feststoffen in untertägigen Kavernen beschrieben. Dabei sollen gemahlene Feststoffe unter Abschluß von Luft in einen Bunker eingebracht und die Feststoffe über ein Fallrohr dann in eine mit Inertgas gefüllte Salzkaverne abgelassen werden. Die dort entstehenden Gase sollen durch einen Brenner verbrannt werden, und die oxidierten Gase mit einer wäßrigen Lösung herausgewaschen und die wäßrige Waschlösung in der Salzkaverne gelagert werden.In addition, EP 0 385 099 A2 describes a method for harmless degassing and landfill of free flowing Solids are described in underground caverns. Here, ground solids are said to end with Air is introduced into a bunker and the solids via a downpipe then into a filled with inert gas Salt cavern to be drained. The emerging there Gases are said to be burned by a burner, and the oxidized gases are washed out with an aqueous solution and the aqueous washing solution in the salt cavern be stored.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren anzugeben, bei dem bei der Lagerung von Abfällen der beschriebenen Art in Bunkern oder Großcontainern Brände und Gasexplosionen praktisch ausgeschlossen werden können, aerobe Zersetzungsprozesse unterdrückt und anaerobe Zersetzungen verlangsamt werden, bei dem des weiteren die Bildung von Dioxinen und Furanen bei einer nachfolgenden thermischen Verwertung möglichst verhindert wird, sowie der Befall der Lagerbestände durch Ungeziefer sicher ausgeschlossen wird. Durch Vermeidung oder wenigstens Reduzierung von Störungen im Bunkerbereich soll die Entsorgungssicherheit signifikant erhöht werden, und zwar bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Betriebskosten.The object of the present invention is therefore a Specify the process whereby the storage of Waste of the type described in bunkers or large containers Fires and gas explosions practically impossible can be aerobic decomposition processes suppressed and slowed anaerobic decomposition in which further the formation of dioxins and furans in a subsequent thermal recovery is prevented as far as possible, and the infestation of stocks by vermin safely excluded becomes. By avoiding or at least reducing of faults in the bunker area Disposal safety can be significantly increased, and while reducing operating costs at the same time.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Die Unteransprüche stellen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen dieser Aufgabenlösung dar.The object is achieved by the im Claim 1 specified features solved. The subclaims are advantageous Developments and refinements of this task solution represents.

Dadurch, daß die Lagerung des Abfalles in einer Inertgas-Atmosphäre vorgenommen wird, wobei das Inertgas den Müll durchströmt, fehlt der für die Ausbildung von Bränden notwendige Sauerstoff zu jedem Zeitpunkt und an jedem Ort der Lagerung. Von außen eingetragene Zündquellen erlöschen, eine Selbstentzündung des Mülls, eingeleitet durch exotherme Zersetzungsprozesse, wird unterbunden, aerobe Zersetzungsprozesse unterbleiben, anaerobe Zersetzungen werden bei Anwesenheit von Stickstoff und/oder Kohlendioxid zumindest verlangsamt. Auch der Befall des Lagergutes durch Schädlinge unterbleibt in der Inertgas-Atmosphäre.The fact that the storage of the waste in a Inert gas atmosphere is made, the Inert gas flowing through the garbage is missing for training from fires necessary oxygen to everyone Time and place of storage. From the outside registered ignition sources go out, self-ignition garbage, initiated by exothermic decomposition processes, is prevented, aerobic decomposition processes no anaerobic decomposition in the presence of nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide at least slowed down. The infestation of the Pests do not store stored goods in the inert gas atmosphere.

Weicht der Innendruck der Inertgas-Atmosphäre im Müllbunker vom Außendruck ab, so ergibt sich im Falle eines geringfügigen Unterdruckes im Bunker keine Geruchsbelästigung der Bunkerumgebung. Mittels geeigneter Druckschleusen läßt sich die Inertgas-Atmosphäre von der Außenluft sicher abschließen.Does the internal pressure of the inert gas atmosphere in the Garbage bunkers from the external pressure, this results in the case a slight negative pressure in the bunker no odor nuisance the bunker environment. By means of suitable The inert gas atmosphere can be pressure locks seal off from the outside air.

Da die Inertgas-Atmosphäre Bunkerbrände nicht entstehen läßt und die Bildung zündfähiger Gasgemische ausschließt, entfällt der derzeit vorgeschriebene häufige Wechsel der Bunkeratmosphäre ersatzlos. Lediglich der beim Betrieb der Beschickungs- und Entnahmeschleusen entstehende geringe Inertgasverlust muß laufend ersetzt werden. Wichtig ist für höchsten Sicherheitsstandard, daß nicht nur der Bunker, sondern auch der Müll vollständig mit Inertgas durchströmt wird. Bei dieser Betriebsart ergibt sich der wesentliche Vorteil, daß auch der im Volumen des Mülls mit eingetragene Luftsauerstoff sicher entfernt und durch Inertgas ersetzt wird. Durch Anordnung der Inertgaszufuhr im Bodenbereich des Lagerbunkers läßt sich ein sicheres Durchströmen des Mülls mit Inertgas problemlos verwirklichen.Because the inert gas atmosphere does not cause bunker fires and prevents the formation of ignitable gas mixtures, the current mandatory is no longer applicable Change of the bunker atmosphere without replacement. Only of the operation of the loading and unloading locks resulting small loss of inert gas must are constantly being replaced. It is important for the highest security standard that not only the bunker, but inert gas flows through the waste completely becomes. The essential results in this operating mode Advantage that the volume of waste with atmospheric oxygen safely removed and through Inert gas is replaced. By arranging the inert gas supply in the bottom area of the storage bunker safe flow of waste gas through inert gas without any problems realize.

Der in die inerte Atmosphäre eingebrachte Müll enthält in aller Regel nur geringe Anteile an Sauerstoff. Bei seiner anschließenden Entgasung im Falle einer thermischen Aufbereitung wird die Bildung organischer Schadstoffe, wie z.B. Dioxine und Furane, weitgehend unterdrückt.Contains the garbage brought into the inert atmosphere usually only a small amount of oxygen. During its subsequent degassing in the case Thermal processing makes the formation more organic Pollutants such as Dioxins and furans, largely suppressed.

Bei bekannten thermischen Müllbehandlungsverfahren wird die Vergasung der im heterogenen Gemisch vorhandenen Kohlenstoffanteile mit Hilfe mehr oder minder reinen Sauerstoffes durchgeführt. So wird bei einem bekannten Verfahren gemäß DE-OS 41 30 416 der Müll zunächst komprimiert, in diesem Zustand unter Luftabschluß thermisch vorbehandelt und der so gewonnene Kohlenstoff mit Hilfe von Sauerstoff nachfolgend vergast. Metallbestandteile im Müll können ausgeschmolzen, nichtmetallische Müllbestandteile auslaugungsfest mineralisiert werden.In known thermal waste treatment processes the gasification of those present in the heterogeneous mixture Carbon portions more or less with the help pure oxygen. So with one known method according to DE-OS 41 30 416 of garbage initially compressed, in this state with the exclusion of air thermally pretreated and the thus obtained Carbon subsequently gasified with the help of oxygen. Metal components in the garbage can melt out, non-metallic waste components are leach-proof be mineralized.

Das nach diesem Verfahren vorteilhaft aufzubereitende Entsorgungsgut wird jedoch vor dem Komprimieren unter Anwesenheit von Luftsauerstoff gelagert. Die Bildung von Brandnestern im vorgeschalteten Müllbunker, beispielsweise durch das Einschleppen von Glutasche od.dgl. ist dort letztlich nicht zu verhindern.The one that can be advantageously processed using this method However, waste is disposed of before being compressed Presence of atmospheric oxygen stored. The education of fire nests in the upstream waste bunker, for example by bringing in ember pocket or the like. is ultimately not to be prevented there.

Der bei dem bekannten Verfahren in der Hochtemperaturstufe benötigte Sauerstoff wird durch Luftzerlegung gewonnen. Hierbei fällt als Abfallprodukt der für die Inertgas-Atmosphäre im Lagerbunker benötigte Stickstoff in direkt verwendbarer Form an. Die Inertgasbeaufschlagung des Mülls mit diesem Luftstickstoff verursacht somit keine Zusatzkosten, sie senkt vielmehr Investitions- und Betriebskosten erheblich. Entsprechend günstig läßt sich auch die Kohlendioxid-Komponente, soweit sie in der Anlage hierfür verwertbar anfällt, als Inertgas-Atmosphäre einsetzen.The in the known method in the high temperature stage required oxygen is obtained by air separation won. The waste product falls here needed for the inert gas atmosphere in the storage bunker Nitrogen in directly usable form. The inert gas application of garbage with this atmospheric nitrogen therefore does not cause additional costs, but rather lowers them Investment and operating costs significantly. Corresponding the carbon dioxide component, insofar as they can be used for this in the system is used as an inert gas atmosphere.

Des weiteren enthalten Abgase nach thermischer Nutzung des Synthesegases Kohlendioxid, das mittels herkömmlicher Verfahren getrennt und als Inertgas zur Lagerung der Abfälle, d.h. für die Vorgabe der inerten Atmosphäre genutzt werden kann. Zur Kohlendioxid-Trennung kann die Abwärme aus dem System verwendet werden.Furthermore contain exhaust gases after thermal use of the synthesis gas carbon dioxide, which by means of conventional Process separated and as an inert gas Waste storage, i.e. for the specification of the inert Atmosphere can be used. For carbon dioxide separation can use the waste heat from the system will.

Wird bei einer thermischen Müllbehandlung nach dem vorgenannten Verfahren Synthesegas erzeugt, so kann dieses bis zu 30 % Kohlendioxid enthalten, das dann abgetrennt und als Inertgas zur Lagerung der Abfälle in dieser inerten Atmosphäre genutzt werden kann. Auch hier kann vorteilhaft zur Kohlendioxid-Trennung die Abwärme aus der Anlage selbst verwendet werden.In thermal waste treatment after generates the above-mentioned synthesis gas, so this contain up to 30% carbon dioxide, which then separated and as an inert gas for the storage of the waste can be used in this inert atmosphere. Here, too, can be advantageous for carbon dioxide separation the waste heat from the system itself can be used.

Auch bei beliebig anderen konventionellen Müllverbrennungsanlagen ist eine Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens möglich, da die Rauchgase dieser Müllverbrennungsanlagen Kohlendioxid enthalten, das mit Standardverfahren getrennt und als Inertgase zur dauernden Lagerung der Abfälle in inerter Atmosphäre genutzt werden kann, wobei zur Kohlendioxid-Trennung Abwärme aus dem System verwendbar ist.Also with any other conventional waste incineration plant is an application of the invention Procedure possible because the flue gases of this Waste incinerators contain carbon dioxide separated with standard processes and as inert gases for permanent storage of the waste in an inert atmosphere can be used for carbon dioxide separation Waste heat from the system is usable.

Kohlendioxid als Inertgas hat zusätzlich den Vorteil, daS das aus dem Bunker abgesaugte Inertgas aus dem Hochtemperaturbereich einer thermischen Behandlungsanlage zugeführt, dort entgiftet und gegebenenfalls in den Vergasungsprozeß mit einbezogen werden kann.Carbon dioxide as an inert gas has the additional advantage that the inert gas extracted from the bunker from the High temperature area of a thermal treatment plant fed, detoxified there and if necessary can be included in the gasification process.

In jedem Falle ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Inertgas-Atmosphäre auf Restgaskomponenten, vor allem auf Sauerstoffreste und Methananteile, überwacht wird. Eine derartige Überwachung ist nicht nur im eigentlichen Bunkerbereich, sondern auch im Bereich der Druckschleusen wünschenswert.In any case, it is advantageous if the inert gas atmosphere on residual gas components, especially on oxygen residues and methane levels is monitored. A such surveillance is not just in the real thing Bunker area, but also in the area of pressure locks desirable.

Eine beliebige brandsichere Lagerung von Entsorgungsgut aller Art, das brennbare Bestandteile enthält und bei der die Inertgasbeaufschlagung dauerhaft innerhalb eines gegen die Außenwelt abgeschlossenen Behälters erfolgen soll, ist auch von einer beliebigen unabhängig von der Aufbereitung und/oder Bearbeitung des Entsorgungsgutes betriebenen Anlage her möglich. Any fire-safe storage of waste of all kinds that contain combustible components and where the inert gas admission is permanently within a container sealed against the outside world is to be done by any one regardless of the preparation and / or processing of the system operated for disposal.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren garantiert eine größtmögliche Verfügbarkeit der jeweiligen Anlage bei entsprechend verbesserter Entsorgungssicherheit. Da auf aktive und passive Brandschutzmaßnahmen verzichtet werden kann, sind erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen zu realisieren. Wegen fehlender Brandgefahr sind erheblich geringere Feuerversicherungsprämien zu zahlen.The method according to the invention guarantees the greatest possible Availability of the respective system at accordingly improved security of disposal. There on no active or passive fire protection measures can be significant cost savings too realize. Because of the lack of fire risk are significant to pay lower fire insurance premiums.

Claims (8)

  1. Process for storing heterogeneous refuse before a subsequent thermal utilization in essentially non-open interim stores or stockpiles, refuse bunkers and/or containers within an atmosphere essentially inert to self-ignition in such a manner that the inert gas essentially consisting of nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide flows in a controllable manner from the bottom through the heterogeneous refuse, completely permeating it.
  2. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the internal pressure of the inert gas atmosphere in the refuse bunker is set to differ from the external pressure.
  3. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the pressure in the refuse bunker or like containers rendered inert is below the external pressure, and in that waste is charged and removed via suitable locks.
  4. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the refuse or waste storage is performed in an atmosphere essentially comprising nitrogen, the nitrogen being produced in a thermal utilization process, in which, in at least one high-temperature stage, the carbon components of the optionally preliminarily degassed wastes are gasified with addition of oxygen, and in which the oxygen required for the gasification is at least partially produced by air fractionation.
  5. Process according to Claim 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the carbon dioxide components from the thermal utilization plant - if appropriate after an additional treatment - are used as inert gas for the interim storage of the refuse.
  6. Process according to Claim 1, 2 and 4,
    characterized in that the carbon dioxide flowing through the refuse store is fed to the reactor for the high-temperature gasification.
  7. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the inert gas atmosphere in the store is monitored for residual gas components such as oxygen residues and methane contents or the like.
  8. Process according to Claim 1 for any type of fire-proof storage of material of any type to be disposed of which comprises combustible constituents, characterized in that the exposure to inert gas is performed within a compartment sealed against the exterior from an inert gas source of any type operated independently of the processing and/or treatment of the material to be disposed of.
EP95909632A 1994-02-15 1995-02-15 Process for storing mixed rubbish Expired - Lifetime EP0745005B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4404679 1994-02-15
DE4404679 1994-02-15
DE4407107 1994-03-01
DE4407107 1994-03-01
DE4420449A DE4420449C5 (en) 1994-02-15 1994-06-10 Process for storing heterogeneous waste
DE4420449 1994-06-10
PCT/DE1995/000191 WO1995021708A1 (en) 1994-02-15 1995-02-15 Process for storing mixed rubbish

Publications (2)

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EP0745005A1 EP0745005A1 (en) 1996-12-04
EP0745005B1 true EP0745005B1 (en) 1998-06-24

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EP (1) EP0745005B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3115327B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE167644T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4420449C5 (en)
DK (1) DK0745005T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO1995021708A1 (en)

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WO1995021708A1 (en) 1995-08-17
DK0745005T3 (en) 1998-11-16
EP0745005A1 (en) 1996-12-04
ES2118570T3 (en) 1998-09-16
JP3115327B2 (en) 2000-12-04
DE4420449A1 (en) 1995-08-17
JPH09506033A (en) 1997-06-17
DE59502652D1 (en) 1998-07-30
DE4420449C5 (en) 2004-02-05
DE4420449C2 (en) 1996-05-30
US6199493B1 (en) 2001-03-13
ATE167644T1 (en) 1998-07-15

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