EP0745005A1 - Process for storing mixed rubbish - Google Patents

Process for storing mixed rubbish

Info

Publication number
EP0745005A1
EP0745005A1 EP95909632A EP95909632A EP0745005A1 EP 0745005 A1 EP0745005 A1 EP 0745005A1 EP 95909632 A EP95909632 A EP 95909632A EP 95909632 A EP95909632 A EP 95909632A EP 0745005 A1 EP0745005 A1 EP 0745005A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
inert gas
bunker
rubbish
storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95909632A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0745005B1 (en
Inventor
Günter H. KISS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermoselect AG
Original Assignee
Thermoselect AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermoselect AG filed Critical Thermoselect AG
Publication of EP0745005A1 publication Critical patent/EP0745005A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0745005B1 publication Critical patent/EP0745005B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/16—Signs formed of or incorporating reflecting elements or surfaces, e.g. warning signs having triangular or other geometrical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/38—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers
    • B65D90/44—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers by use of inert gas for filling space above liquid or between contents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/0418—Constructional details
    • G09F13/0472—Traffic signs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/908—Trash container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storing heterogeneous waste in intermediate or storage facilities according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Ignition sources such as furnace ash, chemicals and metal parts are introduced in an uncontrolled manner.
  • aerobic and anaerobic processes take place in the bunker, which can cause, among other things, increases in temperature up to self-ignition.
  • Garbage bins are therefore potential hazards within the meaning of the Accident Ordinance.
  • Significant and extremely negative effects are to be expected in the event of accidents.
  • the plant areas mentioned here are exemplary plant areas in which the obvious dangers can lead to completely different types of accidents (J. Look, TÜV invention / Saxony, safety technology in waste incineration plants with regard to the Accident Ordinance, conference thermal disposal of waste and residues, December 9 and 10, 1993, Cologne).
  • the essential dangerous substances released in the event of fire are - heavy metal compounds, acid gases,
  • Another, resulting from the temporary or storage storage of the garbage represents the methane formation resulting from possible decomposition processes. Mixed with air, an ignitable gas mixture can result which can lead to a gross risk of explosion.
  • Garbage bunkers only in the event of a fire, so far there have been no specific measures to prevent fire.
  • Garbage bunkers that meet existing fire protection requirements must among other things have firewalls, temperature-resistant suction devices, smoke and heat flaps, emergency power-supplied safety devices, fire monitoring systems, extinguishing systems, charging options for bunker fires and infrared cameras for possible localization of the source of the fire. Since garbage bunker fires do not generally occur on the surface but within the stored garbage, the fire protection equipment required is insufficiently suitable, despite infrared cameras, to locate the source of the fire precisely and to combat it, and certainly not suitable, to prevent it from occurring.
  • the disposal security is to be increased significantly, while reducing the operating costs at the same time.
  • the inert gas atmosphere in the refuse bunker deviates from the outside pressure, there is no odor nuisance in the bunker environment in the event of a slight negative pressure in the bunker.
  • suitable ter pressure locks By means of suitable ter pressure locks, the inert gas atmosphere can be safely sealed off from the outside air.
  • the garbage introduced into the inert atmosphere generally contains only small amounts of oxygen. During its subsequent degassing in the case of thermal treatment, the formation of organic pollutants, such as Dioxins and furans, largely suppressed.
  • the gasification of the carbon components present in the heterogeneous mixture is carried out with the aid of more or less pure oxygen.
  • the waste is first compressed, thermally pretreated in this state with the exclusion of air, and the carbon thus obtained is subsequently processed with the aid of oxygen. guest.
  • Metal components in the garbage can be melted out, non-metallic garbage components can be mineralized in a leach-proof manner.
  • the disposal material to be advantageously processed by this method is stored in the presence of atmospheric oxygen before it is compressed.
  • the formation of fire nests in the upstream garbage bunker, for example by introducing embers or the like. is ultimately not to be prevented there.
  • the oxygen required in the known method in the high temperature stage is obtained by air separation.
  • the waste product is the nitrogen required for the inert gas atmosphere in the storage bunker in a form that can be used directly.
  • the inert gas loading of the garbage with this atmospheric nitrogen therefore does not cause any additional costs, rather it considerably reduces investment and operating costs.
  • the carbon dioxide component if it can be used in the system for this purpose, can also be used as an inert gas atmosphere.
  • exhaust gases contain, after thermal use of the synthesis gas, carbon dioxide, which is separated by means of conventional processes and used as an inert gas for storing the waste, i.e. can be used for specifying the inert atmosphere.
  • the waste heat from the system can be used to separate carbon dioxide.
  • synthesis gas is generated in a thermal waste treatment using the aforementioned method, this can contain up to 30% carbon dioxide, which then can be separated and used as an inert gas for storing the waste in this inert atmosphere.
  • the waste heat from the system itself can advantageously be used to separate carbon dioxide.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in any other conventional waste incineration plant, since the flue gases of these waste incineration plants contain carbon dioxide, which can be separated using standard processes and used as inert gases for the permanent storage of the waste in an inert atmosphere, with carbon dioxide separation Waste heat from the system is usable.
  • Carbon dioxide as an inert gas has the additional advantage that the inert gas drawn off from the bunker can be fed from the high-temperature range to a thermal treatment plant, detoxified there and, if necessary, included in the gasification process.
  • the inert gas atmosphere is monitored for residual gas components, especially for oxygen residues and methane components.
  • Such monitoring is desirable not only in the actual bunker area, but also in the area of the pressure locks.
  • the method according to the invention guarantees the greatest possible availability of the respective system with correspondingly improved disposal security. Since active and passive fire protection measures can be dispensed with, considerable cost savings can be achieved. Due to the lack of fire risk, considerably lower fire insurance premiums are payable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a process for the storage of heterogeneous wastes in holding or supply dumps, such as rubbish bunkers or suitable rubbish containers, prior to its removal and subsequent thermal utilization or some other processing technique. By introducing a variable flow of inert gas consisting essentially of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into the rubbish bunker, fires and gas explosions are practically excluded, aerobic decomposition processes are suppressed, and anaerobic decomposition is retarded. Using a variable flow of inert gas also prevents the further formation of dioxins and furans in a subsequent thermal utilization, as well as reliably preventing vermin from attacking the rubbish. By avoiding or at least significantly reducing these disturbances in the bunker zone, disposal safety is significantly increased. Storage of the wastes preferably takes place in an essentially inert atmosphere which is introduced into the rubbish bunker adjacent the bottom so that the inert gas flows upwardly through the rubbish. Storage of the wastes in an inert atmosphere essentially prevents the occurrence of a fire.

Description

Verfahren zum Lagern von heterogenem Müll Process for storing heterogeneous waste
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum La¬ gern von heterogenem Müll in Zwischen- bzw. Vorrats¬ lagern gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for storing heterogeneous waste in intermediate or storage facilities according to the preamble of claim 1.
Anlagen, in denen Abfälle wie Haus- und Sondermüll, Klärschlämme und Industrieabfälle thermisch behandelt werden, verfügen eingangsseitig über Müllbunker, in denen größere Mengen dieser heterogenen Entsorgungs¬ güter zwischengelagert bzw. vorratsgespeichert wer¬ den. Diese Abfälle, hier zusammengefaßt als "Müll" bezeichnet, sind in ihrer sehr heterogenen Zusammen¬ setzung und in den üblichen Lagermengen von Tausenden von Tonnen ein erhebliches Umweltrisiko.Plants in which waste such as domestic and special waste, sewage sludge and industrial waste are thermally treated have garbage bunkers on the entrance side in which larger quantities of these heterogeneous disposal goods are temporarily stored or stored. These wastes, collectively referred to here as "garbage", are a considerable environmental risk in their very heterogeneous composition and in the usual storage quantities of thousands of tons.
Zündquellen, wie Ofenasche, Chemikalien und Metall¬ teile, werden unkontrolliert eingebracht. Zusätzlich laufen im Bunker - trotz ständigen Luftaustausches aerobe und anaerobe Prozesse ab, die u.a. Temperatu¬ rerhöhrungen bis zur Selbstentzündung verursachen können. Müllbunker sind daher Gefahrenpotentiale im Sinne der Störfallverordnung. Bei Störfällen ist mit erhebli¬ chen und äußerst negativen Auswirkungen zu rechnen. Bei den hier angesprochenen Anlagenbereichen handelt es sich um beispielhafte Anlagenbereiche, bei denen die augenfälligen Gefahren zu völlig unterschiedlich gearteten Störfällen führen können (J. Look, TÜV Bayern/Sachsen, Sicherheitstechnik bei Abfallverbren¬ nungsanlagen im Hinblick auf die Störfallverordnung, Konferenz Thermische Entsorgung von Abfall und Rest¬ stoffen, 9. und 10.12.1993, Köln).Ignition sources such as furnace ash, chemicals and metal parts are introduced in an uncontrolled manner. In addition, despite the constant exchange of air, aerobic and anaerobic processes take place in the bunker, which can cause, among other things, increases in temperature up to self-ignition. Garbage bins are therefore potential hazards within the meaning of the Accident Ordinance. Significant and extremely negative effects are to be expected in the event of accidents. The plant areas mentioned here are exemplary plant areas in which the obvious dangers can lead to completely different types of accidents (J. Look, TÜV Bayern / Saxony, safety technology in waste incineration plants with regard to the Accident Ordinance, conference thermal disposal of waste and residues, December 9 and 10, 1993, Cologne).
Die im Brandfall freigesetzten wesentlichen gefähr¬ lichen Stoffe sind - Schwermetallverbindungen, saure Gase,The essential dangerous substances released in the event of fire are - heavy metal compounds, acid gases,
- organische Schadstoffe aus der Kunststoffver¬ schwelung,organic pollutants from plastic smoldering,
- polyhalogenierte Dibenzodioxine und Furane sowie andere cancerogene Systeme.- polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins and furans as well as other carcinogenic systems.
Den vorgenannten Untersuchungen des TÜV Bayern/Sach¬ sen (Look) sind die in der Anlage beigefügten Tabel¬ len 1 bis 14 entnommen, die das qualitative und quan- titative Gefahrstoffpotential in übersichtlicher Form belegen.Tables 1 to 14 attached in the appendix are taken from the aforementioned studies by TÜV Bayern / Sach¬ sen (Look), which clearly document the qualitative and quantitative potential of hazardous substances.
Brandnester in Müll-Lagern führen meist zu Schwel¬ bränden, die sich lange unerkannt unter der Oberflä- ehe des Lagergutes ausbreiten und häufig nur schwer zugänglich sind. Bunkerschwelbrände in Großanlagen können daher lange, gegebenenfalls mehrere Wochen, anhalten. Häufigkeit und Dauer der Müllbunkerbrände stellen nicht nur ein erhebliches ökologisches Risiko dar, sie verringern auch die Verfügbarkeit der Müllver¬ brennungsanlagen für Weiterbearbeitungszwecke und beeinträchtigen die Entsorgungssicherheit.Fire nests in garbage stores mostly lead to smoldering fires, which spread undetected for a long time under the surface of the stored goods and are often difficult to access. Bunker smoldering fires in large plants can therefore last for a long time, possibly several weeks. The frequency and duration of the garbage bunker fires not only represent a considerable ecological risk, they also reduce the availability of the garbage incineration plants for further processing purposes and impair the security of disposal.
Neben den ökologischen und technischen Problemen, die ein Müllbrunkerbrand mit sich bringt, sind die ökono¬ mischen Belastungen signifikant. Neben der Betriebs- unterbrechnung mit dem damit verbundenen Entsorgungs¬ ausfall muß der mit Löschmittel durchsetzte teilver¬ brannte Müll mit allen Schadstoffen nach dem Löschen des Brandes aus dem Bunker entfernt und einer anderen Entsorgung zugeführt werden. Durch Versicherungen kann der wirtschaftliche, ökologische und technische Schaden für den Betreiber solcher Anlagen nur unzu¬ reichend abgedeckt werden. Da Bunkerbrände für Ver¬ sicherer ein schwer zu kalkulierendes Risiko darstel¬ len, steigen die ohnehin erheblichen Versicherungs- beitrage nicht zuletzt auch in Anbetracht der ausIn addition to the ecological and technical problems associated with a garbage burner fire, the economic burdens are significant. In addition to the interruption of operations with the associated disposal failure, the partially burned garbage with extinguishing agent and all the pollutants must be removed from the bunker after the fire has been extinguished and sent to another disposal facility. Insurance can only insufficiently cover the economic, ecological and technical damage for the operator of such systems. Since bunker fires represent a risk that is difficult to calculate for insurers, the insurance contributions, which are already considerable, increase not least in view of the
Folgeschäden resultierenden möglichen Regreßansprüche ständig weiter.Consequential damages resulting from possible recourse claims constantly.
Ein weiteres, aus der Zwischen- oder Vorratslagerung des Mülls sich ergebendes Resiko stellt die aus mög¬ lichen Zersetzungsprozessen resultierende Methanbil¬ dung dar. Vermischt mit Luft kann sich ein zündfähi¬ ges Gasgemisch ergeben, das zu grober Explosionsge¬ fahr führen kann.Another, resulting from the temporary or storage storage of the garbage represents the methane formation resulting from possible decomposition processes. Mixed with air, an ignitable gas mixture can result which can lead to a gross risk of explosion.
Gemessen an den möglichen Ausweitungen eines Bunker¬ brandes und an den Gefahren, die mit der Bildung von zündfähigen Gasgemischen verbunden sind, ist ein mög¬ licher Schädlingsbefall des Lagergutes oder eine in der Vergangenheit auch beobachtete Rattenplage im Lagerbereich zwar nicht so relevant, trotzdem muß auch hiergegen Vorkehrung getroffen werden.Measured by the possible expansion of a bunker fire and by the dangers associated with the formation of ignitable gas mixtures, there is a possible pest infestation of the stored goods or a rat infestation that has also been observed in the past Although the storage area is not so relevant, precautions must still be taken.
Es war und ist deshalb das Bestreben der Fachwelt, Müllbunkerbrände frühzeitig zu erkennen, einen erfor¬ derlichen Löschmitteleinsatz möglichst frühzeitig zu starten und die Bildung von zündfähigen Gasgemischen durch intensiven Luftwechsel in den Müllbunkern zu vermeiden. Der diesbezügliche Stand der Technik be- schränkte sich bisher auf die Brandbekämpfung imIt was and is therefore the aim of the professional world to recognize garbage bunker fires at an early stage, to start using extinguishing agents as early as possible and to avoid the formation of ignitable gas mixtures by intensive air changes in the garbage bunkers. The related state of the art has so far been limited to fire fighting in the
Müllbunker erst im Brandfall, gezielte Vorkehrungs¬ maßnahmen für eine Brandverhinderung gibt es bisher nicht.Garbage bunkers only in the event of a fire, so far there have been no specific measures to prevent fire.
Müllbunker, die bestehende brandschutztechnische Er¬ fordernisse erfüllen, müssen u.a. über Brandmauern, temperaturbeständige Absaugvorrichtungen, Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsklappen, notstromversorgte Sicherheitsein¬ richtungen, Brandüberwachungssysteme, Löschsysteme, Beschickungsmöglichkeiten bei Bunkerbränden und In¬ frarotkameras zur möglichen Lokalisierung des Brandherdes verfügen. Da Müllbunkerbrande in der Re¬ gel nicht auf der Oberfläche, sondern innerhalb des gelagerten Mülls entstehen, sind die brandschutztech- nisch geforderten Einrichtungen trotz Infrarotkameras nur unzureichend geeignet, den Brandherd exakt zu lo¬ kalisieren und gezielt zu bekämpfen, und schon gar nicht geeignet, ihn vor seiner Entstehung zu verhin¬ dern.Garbage bunkers that meet existing fire protection requirements must among other things have firewalls, temperature-resistant suction devices, smoke and heat flaps, emergency power-supplied safety devices, fire monitoring systems, extinguishing systems, charging options for bunker fires and infrared cameras for possible localization of the source of the fire. Since garbage bunker fires do not generally occur on the surface but within the stored garbage, the fire protection equipment required is insufficiently suitable, despite infrared cameras, to locate the source of the fire precisely and to combat it, and certainly not suitable, to prevent it from occurring.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren anzugeben, bei dem bei der Lagerung von Abfällen der beschriebenen Art in Bunkern oder Gro߬ containern Brände und Gasexplosionen praktisch ausge- schlössen werden können, aerobe Zersetzungsprozesse unterdrückt und anaerobe Zersetzungen verlangsamt werden, bei dem des weiteren die Bildung von Dioxinen und Furanen bei einer nachfolgenden thermischen Ver¬ wertung möglichst verhindert wird, sowie der Befall der Lagerbestände durch Ungeziefer sicher ausge¬ schlossen wird. Durch Vermeidung oder wenigstens Re¬ duzierung von Störungen im Bunkerbereich soll die Entsorgungssicherheit signifikant erhöht werden, und zwar bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der Betriebsko- sten.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method in which fires and gas explosions can be practically excluded during the storage of waste of the type described in bunkers or large containers, aerobic decomposition processes are suppressed and anaerobic decomposition is slowed down, furthermore the formation of dioxins and furans in a subsequent thermal recycling is prevented as far as possible, and infestation of the stocks by vermin is reliably excluded. By avoiding or at least reducing faults in the bunker area, the disposal security is to be increased significantly, while reducing the operating costs at the same time.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kenn¬ zeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkma¬ le gelöst. Die Unteransprüche stellen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen dieser Aufgaben¬ lösung dar.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. The subclaims represent advantageous developments and refinements of this task solution.
Dadurch, daß die Lagerung des Abfalles in einer Inertgas-Atmosphäre vorgenommen wird, wobei das Inertgas den Müll durchströmt, fehlt der für die Aus¬ bildung von Bränden notwendige Sauerstoff zu jedem Zeitpunkt und an jedem Ort der Lagerung. Von außen eingetragene Zündquellen erlöschen, eine Selbstent¬ zündung des Mülls, eingeleitet durch exotherme Zer- Setzungsprozesse, wird unterbunden, aerobe Zerset¬ zungsprozesse unterbleiben, anaerobe Zersetzungen werden bei Anwesenheit von Stickstoff und/oder Koh¬ lendioxid zumindest verlangsamt. Auch der Befall des Lagergutes durch Schädlinge unterbleibt in der Inert- gas-Atmosphäre.Because the waste is stored in an inert gas atmosphere, with the inert gas flowing through the waste, the oxygen necessary for the formation of fires is missing at any time and at any place of storage. Ignition sources entered from the outside are extinguished, self-ignition of the waste, initiated by exothermic decomposition processes, is prevented, aerobic decomposition processes are prevented, anaerobic decompositions are at least slowed down in the presence of nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide. Pests also do not infect the stored goods in the inert gas atmosphere.
Weicht der Innendruck der Inertgas-Atmosphäre im Müllbunker vom Außendruck ab, so ergibt sich im Falle eines geringfügigen Unterdruckes im Bunker keine Ge- ruchsbelästigung der Bunkerumgebung. Mittels geeigne- ter Druckschleusen läßt sich die Inertgas-Atmosphäre von der Außenluft sicher abschließen.If the internal pressure of the inert gas atmosphere in the refuse bunker deviates from the outside pressure, there is no odor nuisance in the bunker environment in the event of a slight negative pressure in the bunker. By means of suitable ter pressure locks, the inert gas atmosphere can be safely sealed off from the outside air.
Da die Inertgas-Atmosphäre Bunkerbrände nicht entste- hen läßt und die Bildung zündfähiger Gasgemische aus¬ schließt, entfällt der derzeit vorgeschriebene häufi¬ ge Wechsel der Bunkeratmosphäre ersatzlos. Lediglich der beim Betrieb der Beschickungs- und Entnahme¬ schleusen entstehende geringe Inertgasverlust muß laufend ersetzt werden. Wichtig ist für höchsten Si¬ cherheitsstandard, daß nicht nur der Bunker, sondern auch der Müll vollständig mit Inertgas durchströmt wird. Bei dieser Betriebsart ergibt sich der wesent¬ liche Vorteil, daß auch der im Volumen des Mülls mit eingetragene Luftsauerstoff sicher entfernt und durch Inertgas ersetzt wird. Durch Anordnung der Inertgas¬ zufuhr im Bodenbereich des Lagerbunkers läßt sich ein sicheres Durchströmen des Mülls mit Inertgas problem¬ los verwirklichen.Since the inert gas atmosphere does not cause bunker fires and prevents the formation of ignitable gas mixtures, the currently required frequent change of the bunker atmosphere is not necessary. Only the slight loss of inert gas which arises during the operation of the loading and unloading locks has to be constantly replaced. It is important for the highest safety standard that not only the bunker but also the waste is completely flowed through with inert gas. This operating mode has the essential advantage that the oxygen in the volume of the garbage which has been introduced is also safely removed and replaced by inert gas. By arranging the inert gas supply in the floor area of the storage bunker, a safe flow of inert gas through the waste can be achieved without problems.
Der in die inerte Atmosphäre eingebrachte Müll ent¬ hält in aller Regel nur geringe Anteile an Sauer¬ stoff. Bei seiner anschließenden Entgasung im Falle einer thermischen Aufbereitung wird die Bildung orga- nischer Schadstoffe, wie z.B. Dioxine und Furane, weitgehend unterdrückt.The garbage introduced into the inert atmosphere generally contains only small amounts of oxygen. During its subsequent degassing in the case of thermal treatment, the formation of organic pollutants, such as Dioxins and furans, largely suppressed.
Bei bekannten thermischen Müllbehandlungsverfahren wird die Vergasung der im heterogenen Gemisch vorhan- denen Kohlenstoffanteile mit Hilfe mehr oder minder reinen Sauerstoffes durchgeführt. So wird bei einem bekannten Verfahren gemäß DE-OS 41 30 416 der Müll zunächst komprimiert, in diesem Zustand unter Luftab¬ schluß thermisch vorbehandelt und der so gewonnene Kohlenstoff mit Hilfe von Sauerstoff nachfolgend ver- gast. Metallbestandteile im Müll können ausgeschmol¬ zen, nichtmetallische Müllbestandteile auslaugungs- fest mineralisiert werden.In known thermal waste treatment processes, the gasification of the carbon components present in the heterogeneous mixture is carried out with the aid of more or less pure oxygen. In a known method according to DE-OS 41 30 416, the waste is first compressed, thermally pretreated in this state with the exclusion of air, and the carbon thus obtained is subsequently processed with the aid of oxygen. guest. Metal components in the garbage can be melted out, non-metallic garbage components can be mineralized in a leach-proof manner.
Das nach diesem Verfahren vorteilhaft aufzubereitende Entsorgungsgut wird jedoch vor dem Komprimieren unter Anwesenheit von Luftsauerstoff gelagert. Die Bildung von Brandnestern im vorgeschalteten Müllbunker, bei¬ spielsweise durch das Einschleppen von Glutasche od.dgl. ist dort letztlich nicht zu verhindern.The disposal material to be advantageously processed by this method is stored in the presence of atmospheric oxygen before it is compressed. The formation of fire nests in the upstream garbage bunker, for example by introducing embers or the like. is ultimately not to be prevented there.
Der bei dem bekannten Verfahren in der Hochtempera¬ turstufe benötigte Sauerstoff wird durch Luftzerle¬ gung gewonnen. Hierbei fällt als Abfallprodukt der für die Inertgas-Atmosphäre im Lagerbunker benötigte Stickstoff in direkt verwendbarer Form an. Die Inert¬ gasbeaufschlagung des Mülls mit diesem Luftstickstoff verursacht somit keine Zusatzkosten, sie senkt viel¬ mehr Investitions- und Betriebskosten erheblich. Ent- sprechend günstig läßt sich auch die Kohlendioxid- Komponente, soweit sie in der Anlage hierfür ver¬ wertbar anfällt, als Inertgas-Atmosphäre einsetzen.The oxygen required in the known method in the high temperature stage is obtained by air separation. The waste product is the nitrogen required for the inert gas atmosphere in the storage bunker in a form that can be used directly. The inert gas loading of the garbage with this atmospheric nitrogen therefore does not cause any additional costs, rather it considerably reduces investment and operating costs. The carbon dioxide component, if it can be used in the system for this purpose, can also be used as an inert gas atmosphere.
Des weiteren enthalten Abgase nach thermischer Nut- zung des Synthesegases Kohlendioxid, das mittels her¬ kömmlicher Verfahren getrennt und als Inertgas zur Lagerung der Abfälle, d.h. für die Vorgabe der iner¬ ten Atmosphäre genutzt werden kann. Zur Kohlendioxid- Trennung kann die Abwärme aus dem System verwendet werden.Furthermore, exhaust gases contain, after thermal use of the synthesis gas, carbon dioxide, which is separated by means of conventional processes and used as an inert gas for storing the waste, i.e. can be used for specifying the inert atmosphere. The waste heat from the system can be used to separate carbon dioxide.
Wird bei einer thermischen Müllbehandlung nach dem vorgenannten Verfahren Synthesegas erzeugt, so kann dieses bis zu 30 % Kohlendioxid enthalten, das dann abgetrennt und als Inertgas zur Lagerung der Abfälle in dieser inerten Atmosphäre genutzt werden kann. Auch hier kann vorteilhaft zur Kohlendioxid-Trennung die Abwärme aus der Anlage selbst verwendet werden.If synthesis gas is generated in a thermal waste treatment using the aforementioned method, this can contain up to 30% carbon dioxide, which then can be separated and used as an inert gas for storing the waste in this inert atmosphere. Here, too, the waste heat from the system itself can advantageously be used to separate carbon dioxide.
Auch bei beliebig anderen konventionellen Müllver¬ brennungsanlagen ist eine Anwendung des erfindungs¬ gemäßen Verfahrens möglich, da die Rauchgase dieser Müllverbrennungsanlagen Kohlendioxid enthalten, das mit Standardverfahren getrennt und als Inertgase zur dauernden Lagerung der Abfälle in inerter Atmosphäre genutzt werden kann, wobei zur Kohlendioxid-Trennung Abwärme aus dem System verwendbar ist.The method according to the invention can also be used in any other conventional waste incineration plant, since the flue gases of these waste incineration plants contain carbon dioxide, which can be separated using standard processes and used as inert gases for the permanent storage of the waste in an inert atmosphere, with carbon dioxide separation Waste heat from the system is usable.
Kohlendioxid als Inertgas hat zusätzlich den Vorteil, daß das aus dem Bunker abgesaugte Inertgas aus dem Hochtemperaturbereich einer thermischen Behandlungs¬ anlage zugeführt, dort entgiftet und gegebenenfalls in den Vergasungsprozeß mit einbezogen werden kann.Carbon dioxide as an inert gas has the additional advantage that the inert gas drawn off from the bunker can be fed from the high-temperature range to a thermal treatment plant, detoxified there and, if necessary, included in the gasification process.
In jedem Falle ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Inertgas- Atmosphäre auf Restgaskomponenten, vor allem auf Sau¬ erstoffreste und Methananteile, überwacht wird. Eine derartige Überwachung ist nicht nur im eigentlichen Bunkerbereich, sondern auch im Bereich der Druck¬ schleusen wünschenswert.In any case, it is advantageous if the inert gas atmosphere is monitored for residual gas components, especially for oxygen residues and methane components. Such monitoring is desirable not only in the actual bunker area, but also in the area of the pressure locks.
Eine beliebige brandsichere Lagerung von Entsorgungs¬ gut aller Art, das brennbare Bestandteile enthält und bei der die Inertgasbeaufschlagung dauerhaft inner¬ halb eines gegen die Außenwelt abgeschlossenen Behäl¬ ters erfolgen soll, ist auch von einer beliebigen unabhängig von der Aufbereitung und/oder Bearbeitung des Entsorgungsgutes betriebenen Anlage her möglich. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren garantiert eine größt¬ mögliche Verfügbarkeit der jeweiligen Anlage bei ent¬ sprechend verbesserter Entsorgungssicherheit. Da auf aktive und passive Brandschutzmaßnahmen verzichtet werden kann, sind erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen zu realisieren. Wegen fehlender Brandgefahr sind erheb¬ lich geringere Feuerversicherungsprämien zu zahlen. Any fireproof storage of waste of all kinds, which contains combustible components and in which the inert gas is to be permanently applied within a container sealed off from the outside world, is also independent of the preparation and / or processing of the waste to be disposed of operated system possible. The method according to the invention guarantees the greatest possible availability of the respective system with correspondingly improved disposal security. Since active and passive fire protection measures can be dispensed with, considerable cost savings can be achieved. Due to the lack of fire risk, considerably lower fire insurance premiums are payable.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Lagern von heterogenem Müll in Zwischen- bzw. Vorratslagern, wie Müllbunkern oder geeigneten Müllcontainern vor seiner Ent¬ nahme und anschließender thermischer Verwertung oder einer anderen Weiterverarbeitung, dadurch g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Lagerung der Abfälle in einer gegen1. A method for storing heterogeneous waste in intermediate or supply stores, such as waste bunkers or suitable waste containers before its removal and subsequent thermal recycling or other further processing, due to the fact that the waste is stored in an opposing manner
Brandgefahren im wesentlichen inerten Atmosphäre vorgenommen wird.Fire hazards are made in an essentially inert atmosphere.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Inertgas das2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inert gas
Entsorgungsgut in dem Bunker bzw. Lagerbehältnis dosierbar durchströmt.Disposable material flows through the bunker or storage container in a metered manner.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Innendruck der3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal pressure of the
Inertgas-Atmosphäre im Müllbunker vom Außendruck abweichend eingestellt wird.Inert gas atmosphere in the waste bunker is set differently from the external pressure.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck im inerti- sierten Müllbunker od.dgl. Behälter unter dem Außendruck liegt, und daß die Abfallbeschickung und -entnähme über geeignete Schleusen erfolgen.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure in the inertized waste bunker or the like. Container is under the external pressure, and that the waste loading and removal takes place via suitable locks.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Inertgas - den heterogenen Müll vollständig durchsetzend - im wesentlichen Stickstoff und/oder Kohlendioxid eingesetzt wird. 5. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that essentially nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide is used as the inert gas - completely penetrating the heterogeneous waste.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Müll- bzw. Ab¬ fall-Lagerung in einer im wesentlichen Stick¬ stoff enthaltenden Atmosphäre vorgenommen wird, wobei der Stickstoff bei einem thermischen Ver¬ wertungsverfahren gewonnen wird, bei dem in min¬ destens einer Hochtemperaturstufe die Kohlen- stoffkomponenten der gegebenenfalls vorentgasten Abfälle unter Zugabe von Sauerstoff vergast wer- den, und bei dem der zur Vergasung benötigte6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste or waste storage is carried out in an essentially nitrogen-containing atmosphere, the nitrogen being obtained in a thermal recycling process, in which in min¬ the carbon components of any pre-degassed wastes are gasified with the addition of oxygen at a high-temperature stage, and the gas components required for the gasification
Sauerstoff zumindest teilweise durch Luftzerle¬ gung erzeugt wird.Oxygen is at least partially generated by air separation.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kohlendioxidkom¬ ponenten aus der thermischen Verwertungsanlage - gegebenenfalls nach einer zusätzlichen Aufberei¬ tung - als Inertgas für die Zwischenlagerung des Mülls verwendet werden.7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the carbon dioxide components from the thermal treatment plant - optionally after an additional treatment - are used as an inert gas for the intermediate storage of the waste.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das das Müll-Lager durchströmende Kohlendioxid dem Reaktor für die Hochtemperaturvergasung zugeführt wird.Process according to Claim 1, 3 and 6, characterized in that the carbon dioxide flowing through the refuse store is fed to the reactor for the high-temperature gasification.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Inertgas-Atmo¬ sphäre im Lager auf Restgaskomponenten wie Sau¬ erstoffreste und Methananteile od.dgl. überwacht wird.9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inert gas atmosphere in the camp on residual gas components such as oxygen residues and methane or the like. is monitored.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 zur beliebigen brand¬ sicheren Lagerung von brennbare Bestandteile enthaltendem Entsorgungsgut aller Art, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Inertgasbeauf¬ schlagung innerhalb eines gegen die Außenwelt abgeschlossenen Raumes von einer beliebigen, unabhängig von der Aufbereitung und/oder Bear¬ beitung des Entsorgungsgutes betriebenen Inert¬ gasquelle her erfolgt. 10. The method according to claim 1 for any fire-safe storage of any kind of waste containing combustible constituents, characterized in that the inert gas is supplied within a space sealed off from the outside world from any inert gas source operated independently of the processing and / or processing of the material to be disposed of.
EP95909632A 1994-02-15 1995-02-15 Process for storing mixed rubbish Expired - Lifetime EP0745005B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4404679 1994-02-15
DE4404679 1994-02-15
DE4407107 1994-03-01
DE4407107 1994-03-01
DE4420449 1994-06-10
DE4420449A DE4420449C5 (en) 1994-02-15 1994-06-10 Process for storing heterogeneous waste
PCT/DE1995/000191 WO1995021708A1 (en) 1994-02-15 1995-02-15 Process for storing mixed rubbish

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0745005A1 true EP0745005A1 (en) 1996-12-04
EP0745005B1 EP0745005B1 (en) 1998-06-24

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EP (1) EP0745005B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3115327B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE167644T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4420449C5 (en)
DK (1) DK0745005T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2118570T3 (en)
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DK0745005T3 (en) 1998-11-16
EP0745005B1 (en) 1998-06-24
ES2118570T3 (en) 1998-09-16
WO1995021708A1 (en) 1995-08-17
JPH09506033A (en) 1997-06-17
DE4420449C2 (en) 1996-05-30
JP3115327B2 (en) 2000-12-04
DE59502652D1 (en) 1998-07-30
ATE167644T1 (en) 1998-07-15
DE4420449C5 (en) 2004-02-05
DE4420449A1 (en) 1995-08-17

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