EP0742148A1 - Procédé pour fabriquer des membranes de fermeture empilables - Google Patents
Procédé pour fabriquer des membranes de fermeture empilables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0742148A1 EP0742148A1 EP96810288A EP96810288A EP0742148A1 EP 0742148 A1 EP0742148 A1 EP 0742148A1 EP 96810288 A EP96810288 A EP 96810288A EP 96810288 A EP96810288 A EP 96810288A EP 0742148 A1 EP0742148 A1 EP 0742148A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- embossing
- pair
- rollers
- cover
- membranes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/07—Embossing, i.e. producing impressions formed by locally deep-drawing, e.g. using rolls provided with complementary profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
- B65B7/01—Machines characterised by incorporation of means for making the closures before applying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
- B31F2201/07—Embossing
- B31F2201/0707—Embossing by tools working continuously
- B31F2201/0715—The tools being rollers
- B31F2201/0723—Characteristics of the rollers
- B31F2201/0733—Pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
- B31F2201/07—Embossing
- B31F2201/0771—Other aspects of the embossing operations
- B31F2201/0774—Multiple successive embossing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
- B31F2201/07—Embossing
- B31F2201/0784—Auxiliary operations
- B31F2201/0794—Cutting
Definitions
- the invention further relates to a device and the use of the method.
- containers for example for foodstuffs, foodstuffs and luxury foods, with a lid in the form of a film or a sealing membrane, in order to protect the contents of the container from spilling out, leakage, the influence of substances from the outside and from spoilage.
- Such containers are, for example, cups, bowls, tapestries, portion packs, etc.
- the lids are, for example, foils or foil composites made of metals, plastics, paper or combinations thereof.
- Milk or milk products such as thick milk, buttermilk, sour milk, cream, cream, sour cream, curd cheese, curd cheese, yoghurt, pudding and other foodstuffs and food preparations, as well as food preparations, can be filled into the containers.
- one of the filling methods is that the containers are delivered to a filling station and the containers are filled with the contents. After filling, the container is covered. From a supply of lids, and in particular a stack of lids that have already been pre-punched to their final size, a lid is gripped - usually by machine -, brought into line with the edge of the container and sealed or glued to the edge of the container.
- embossing the cover film which can be present, for example, as continuous goods or in rolls or in formats before the individual covers are punched out.
- Embossing patterns that are usually used are needle embossing, the so-called worm embossing or the dot embossing.
- the finished, punched-out cover can have a bending or rolling tendency that results from the stretching process before, after and during the Embossing and the "memory" inherent in the lid film to the originally rolled position.
- This bending and rolling tendency stands in the way of mechanical covering and the closing process, such as an adhesive or sealing process.
- the individual cover or the cover film or the sealing membrane must therefore have a high flatness.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method for the production of lids or sealing membranes which can be easily separated from a stack, the lids or sealing membranes having a high flatness and no or only a slight tendency to bend, bulge or roll.
- this is achieved in that the cover film 1 is passed through a pair of embossing rollers 4 in a first embossing step and a first embossing is applied from one side and in a second embossing step the cover film is passed through a second pair of embossing rollers 9 and a second embossing of the other side is applied and the embossing pressures of the first and second embossing roller pairs 4, 9 can be set independently of one another and the embossed and punched sealing membranes 17 are checked continuously or intermittently for their flatness and, if the flatness is insufficient, the pressure of the first or second embossing roller pair 4 , 9 or both embossing roller pairs 4, 9 is changed to such an extent that the flatness for the subsequently embossed sealing membranes 17 is established.
- Cover films which are particularly suitable for the present process can contain, for example, plastics, metals or paper or combinations thereof.
- the plastics and metals are preferably used in film form or in the form of film composites.
- the paper can, for example, be laminated or be part of a film composite.
- the cover foils can be printed, provided with a counterprint or colored through and may have top and protective varnishes.
- the plastics can also be used as extrusion layers.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes; Polystyrene; Polycarbonates; Polyamides; Polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalates and polyvinyl chlorides.
- the plastics can be used as monofilms or as film composites, the film composites optionally also in combination with metal foils or papers.
- Foil composites can be produced by lamination or extrusion.
- Adhesion promoters and laminating adhesives such as acrylate adhesives or one- or two-component polyurethane adhesives, can be used between the layers of plastics and possibly metal foils, papers etc.
- the cover films made of the plastics mentioned can have at least one barrier or barrier layer made of ceramic material, for example made of silicon oxides or aluminum oxides.
- the ceramic material is applied in particular by evaporation in a vacuum and deposition on the plastic onto the film in thicknesses of, for example, 5 to 500 nm (nanometers). Such methods are known as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) or sputtering. It is possible to use metal foils and in particular aluminum foils, typical thicknesses of such metal foils ranging from 6 to 100 ⁇ m and advantageously from 8 to 50 ⁇ m. The aluminum foils can be covered on one or both sides with plastic layers and / or lacquers. The metal foils also have an excellent barrier effect.
- Both or at least one side, and preferably the underside of a cover film can have a cold or in particular hot sealable layer, such as a sealing layer, a sealing film or a sealing wax.
- Sealing layers, sealing foils and sealing lacquers can consist, for example, of polyolefins, such as polyethylenes or polypropylenes, or contain these materials. Instead of the sealing layer, an adhesive can be provided for closing a container later.
- cover foils can contain extruded or coextruded polyester foils with a thickness of 10 to 300 ⁇ m, which are printed on one side and / or varnished heat-resistant, for example, and which are, for example, heat-sealed lacquered or provided with a heat-sealing layer.
- the cover films can contain or consist of monofilms or film composites made of polyesters.
- polyesters are, for example, polyalkylene terephthalates or polyalkylene isophthalates, and in particular polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexyldimethyloltherephalate or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylate or mixtures thereof.
- cover films are, for example, 10 to 300 ⁇ m thick polyolefin films or oriented polyolefin films.
- the polyolefin film or oriented polyolefin film can also be part of a film composite.
- One side of the film or the film composite can be frontally or counter-printed and / or heat-resistant coated. The other side can be provided with a heat seal layer or a heat seal lacquer.
- cover films in the form of monofilms or film composites can preferably consist of or contain polypropylene.
- polypropylene other polyolefins can also be used, such as polyethylene, linear or non-linear high, medium or low density polyethylene, isotactic or atactic or crystalline, partially crystalline or amorphous polypropylene, poly-1-butenes, etc.
- the cover films can also be monofilms or film composites containing or consisting of polyamides, such as e.g. Polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 6-3-T or mixtures thereof.
- polyamides such as e.g. Polyamide 6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 6.6, polyamide 6.10, polyamide 6.12, polyamide 6-3-T or mixtures thereof.
- the cover films can also be monofilms or film composites containing or consisting of polystyrenes or copolymers of styrene and butadiene.
- the cover film can be, for example, an extruded or coextruded 40 to 300 ⁇ m thick polystyrene film or an oriented polystyrene film.
- the polystyrene film or oriented polystyrene film can also be part of a film composite, for example with a layer of a polyethylene terephthalate or a polybutylene terephthalate.
- the film or the film composite can be frontally or counter-printed and / or heat-resistant coated on one side and provided with a heat seal layer or a heat seal lacquer on the other side.
- the cover films thus represent monofilms or film composites as continuous material or as a format, with a thickness of, for example, 10 to 300 ⁇ m and advantageously 15 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the layer structure can have, for example, a first layer, which represents the upper side. This first layer can represent, for example, a print or a varnish or a print and a varnish in a thickness of, for example, 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the layer structure can contain a middle layer made of a monofilm or a film composite made of one of the plastics mentioned. The middle layer can have a thickness of approximately 10 to almost 300 ⁇ m.
- the layer structure can comprise a third layer, which represents the lower layer and is usually a sealable layer with a thickness of, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the present invention also includes the use of the method described for the production of such cover films.
- the cover film has two sides, namely a top and a bottom.
- the top forms the outward side of the closure membrane on a container and the underside forms the side directed towards the interior of the container.
- the lidding film is expediently provided as a continuous material or in formats.
- the continuous material is especially rolled up, i.e. provided as a roll, reel or reel in any width, the width of the reel, reel or reel depending on the available processing machines.
- the formats can be sheets, sheets, strips or sections, for example, and their size also depends on the processing machines available, for example.
- the cover film is passed through a first and a second pair of embossing rollers.
- the embossing roller pairs can be constructed identically and consist of an embossing roller which has the positive embossing pattern and a counter roller which has the negative embossing pattern or the counter roller can be smooth and made of elastic material, the positive embossing pattern of the embossing roller during the embossing process being the elastic material of the Counter roll deformed.
- the embossing rollers can preferably be made of metal and in particular steel.
- the embossing pattern can be applied to the embossing rollers in a manner known per se, such as by embossing, grinding, spark erosion, etching, casting, etc.
- the counter roller can run freely with the embossing roller or can be driven by a positive drive.
- the embossing roller pairs can have an embossing pattern, such as a worm embossing pattern, a dot embossing pattern, and preferably a needle embossing pattern.
- the first and the second pair of embossing rollers have an adjusting device, by means of which the distance of the embossing rollers to one another and in particular the pressure of the embossing rollers against one another can be set continuously.
- the pressure can be generated by mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic means, with pneumatic pressure being preferred.
- the pressurization can be controlled manually, mechanically or electronically.
- the electronic control can with signal transmitters, which the flatness resp. Rolling tendency or bulge of the sealing membranes just manufactured are connected.
- the cover film can be guided between a first pair of rollers, the pair of rolls having a counter-pressure roller lying against the top of the cover film and an embossing roller with the positive embossing pattern lying against the underside of the cover film.
- the second pair of rollers is arranged in the processing direction of the lid film after the first pair of embossing rollers, the second pair of embossing rollers having a counter-pressure roller which abuts the underside of the lid foil and has an embossing roller with a positive embossing pattern which abuts the top of the lid foil.
- the first pair of embossing rollers is started up with a pressure based, for example, on preliminary tests or on empirical values, and the second pair of embossing rollers is run at very low pressure.
- a positive embossing pattern is first pressed on the cover film from below, then from above.
- the sealing membranes are punched out of the continuously tapered cover film.
- the flatness of these sealing membranes is then determined continuously or intermittently and if the flatness is insufficient, the flatness is produced for the subsequent sealing membranes by controlling the pressure of the first and / or the second pair of rollers.
- the flatness can be determined continuously, that is to say on each sealing membrane, for example immediately after punching out, or the flatness can be checked periodically, in each case by checking a sample according to a predetermined or arbitrarily selected number of punched-out sealing membranes. If the sealing membranes show a bulge on the upper side, the pressure of the first pair of rollers can be reduced and / or the pressure of the second pair of rollers can be increased in the process described. If the flatness then arises, these pressure ratios of the roller pairs are maintained until there is another deviation from the flatness.
- the pressure of the first pair of rollers is increased and the pressure of the second pair of rollers is reduced until the generated sealing membranes are flat again.
- the pressure of the first pair of rollers is preferably left unchanged as far as possible and the upward or downward curvature of the sealing membranes is controlled only via the second pair of rollers in order to keep the number of parameters as small as possible. If a flat position of the sealing membranes is no longer achieved with the pressure control of the second pair of rollers, the pressure of the first pair of rollers can of course be included in the process.
- the flatness of the sealing membranes can be done visually or by mechanical or optical or electronic scanning and accordingly the pressure of the roller pairs can be controlled manually, electronically or electronically and with the aid of computer controls.
- pairs of embossing rollers which generate a needle embossing are used. Worm or dot embossing is also possible.
- the first and the second pair of embossing rollers can also produce different embossings.
- the cover film can also be given a positive embossing from the top of the cover film by the first pair of rollers and a positive embossing from the underside of the cover film by the second pair of embossing rolls.
- the second pair of embossing rollers preferably generates a higher surface pressure on the continuous material than the first pair of embossing rollers.
- the first and the second embossing are advantageously a needle embossing for producing a needle embossing pattern with a needle density of 1 to 100 embossings per cm 2 and an embossing depth of 5 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the first embossing can have different needle densities or different embossing patterns (eg combination of needle and worm or dot embossing) from the second embossing.
- the present invention also relates to a device for producing stackable closure membranes with high flatness from cover foils, the cover foils having two sides, a top and a bottom, and the cover foils being embossed as continuous material or as formats, and the closure membranes being punched out of the cover foil and is stacked, the device having a feed part for the cover film to the means for embossing, means for embossing the cover film and means for punching out and stacking the closure membranes.
- the means for embossing the cover film are two roller pairs 4, 9, each embossing roller pair 4, 9 having an adjusting device 7, 12 for individually controlling the contact pressure of the roller pairs 4, 9.
- the feed part can be a decoiler, unwinding or unwinding device for rolled goods for continuous material or can be a gripping device for formats.
- embossing pressure e.g. mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic means applied.
- the embossing rollers can therefore be pressed against one another by threaded rods, by rods or by springs, by hydraulically or pneumatically actuated pressure cylinders, etc.
- the embossing pressure of the embossing roller pairs is advantageously regulated between 0 and 25 bar, with pneumatic regulation being preferred.
- the embossing rollers can have a width of, for example, less than 100 to more than 1000 mm, and in practice, embossing roller widths of approximately 200 to 400 mm are used in particular.
- the diameter of the embossing rollers can be, for example, from 30 to 300 mm.
- the sealing membranes produced by the method of the present invention have a high flatness and can be easily stacked, stored and then separated, i.e. the single lid resp. Sealing membranes can be removed from the stack and processed, for example, by machine.
- the mechanical processing can be the mechanical closing of containers, such as bechem, trays, menu trays, portion trays, gobelets, portion packs, etc., the containers being able to be filled with food, foodstuffs or luxury foods. These products include, for example, milk or milk products, such as thick milk, buttermilk, sour milk, cream, cream, sour cream, curd cheese, curd cheese, yoghurt, butter, pudding and other food preparations.
- the closing can be a sealing, heat sealing or gluing process.
- the embossed pattern on the sealing membranes creates an air gap between the individual sealing membranes. This air gap prevents binding through cohesion between the individual composite membranes and thus enables easy separation of the stacked sealing membranes.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a schematic representation of the present method.
- the cover film 1 is wound on a supply roll and is continuously fed to the method.
- the cover film has a top 2 and a bottom 3.
- the film 1 is fed to a pair of embossing rollers 4 comprising a counter-pressure roller 5 and an embossing roller 6.
- the embossing pressure is set via a mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic setting device 7.
- the embossing roller 6 can, for example, produce a needle embossing.
- the cover film 1 is embossed from the underside 3.
- the cover film 1 leaves the first pair of embossing rolls with the embossing 8 applied from below.
- the cover film 1 provided with the embossing 8 is then fed to the second pair of embossing rolls 9.
- the second pair of embossing rollers 9 has an embossing roller 10 with a needle embossing pattern and a counter-pressure roller 11.
- the pressure of the rollers against one another is adjusted via an adjusting device 12, which can act mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically.
- a second embossing is applied from the top 2 of the cover film 1 to the cover film 1 which has already been embossed 8.
- the cover film 1 thus leaves the second embossing roller pair 9 with the first embossing 8 from below and the second embossing from above.
- the embossed cover film 1 is then fed to a punching device 13.
- a punch knife 15 is actuated, which punches out the sealing membranes 17.
- the sealing membranes 17 - in FIG. 1 very schematically, for example following gravity - drop downwards, while the residual material 16 of the cover film 1 is transported further and rolled up or crushed and thrown away.
- the sealing membranes 17 are fed to a testing device 19.
- Each sealing membrane 17 or intermittently after a certain number of sealing membranes 17, the sealing membranes 17 are checked for their flatness.
- the closure membrane 18 is - compared to a flat surface 19 - checked in a simplified manner.
- the pressure of the embossing roller pairs 4 and 9 is left in accordance with the flat position of the sealing membrane 18, or, if the sealing membrane 18 bulges or undulates, the counter-pressure rollers 5, 11 are adjusted with regard to their pressure until the flat position is restored in the subsequent sealing membranes.
- the closure membranes 17, 18 are then stacked and in practice the stacks are fed to a filling and closing device for containers. In this device, the stacked sealing membranes are separated again and individually sealed onto containers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Closing Of Containers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1339/95 | 1995-05-09 | ||
CH01339/95A CH689860A5 (de) | 1995-05-09 | 1995-05-09 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von stapelbaren Verschlussmembranen. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0742148A1 true EP0742148A1 (fr) | 1996-11-13 |
Family
ID=4208173
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96810288A Withdrawn EP0742148A1 (fr) | 1995-05-09 | 1996-05-06 | Procédé pour fabriquer des membranes de fermeture empilables |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0742148A1 (fr) |
CH (1) | CH689860A5 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999007546A1 (fr) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-18 | Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh | Procede de production d'un produit relativement doux, ainsi que produit lui-meme |
WO2000069622A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-11-23 | Boegli-Gravures S.A. | Dispositif pour gaufrer ou glacer des materiaux plats |
CN102514031A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 广东万联包装机械有限公司 | 一种纵切机的压线轮驱动装置 |
US11142379B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2021-10-12 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | Die-cut lid and associated container and method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1571594A (en) * | 1921-08-05 | 1926-02-02 | Otaka Fabric Company | Paper embossing |
DE1043059B (de) * | 1954-10-28 | 1958-11-06 | Schickedanz Ver Papierwerk | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen bedruckter Untersatz- und Schondeckchen aus einer Zellstoffwattebahn |
DE1065712B (fr) * | 1959-09-17 | |||
FR2399948A1 (fr) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-03-09 | Sonoco Products Co | Procede et appareil pour former une fermeture comportant une membrane d'etancheite et un couvercle amovible |
FR2503036A1 (fr) * | 1981-04-01 | 1982-10-08 | Erca | Bande composite a couvercles pour recipients thermoplastiques et procede, dispositif et installation de fabrication d'une telle bande composite |
-
1995
- 1995-05-09 CH CH01339/95A patent/CH689860A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-05-06 EP EP96810288A patent/EP0742148A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1065712B (fr) * | 1959-09-17 | |||
US1571594A (en) * | 1921-08-05 | 1926-02-02 | Otaka Fabric Company | Paper embossing |
DE1043059B (de) * | 1954-10-28 | 1958-11-06 | Schickedanz Ver Papierwerk | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen bedruckter Untersatz- und Schondeckchen aus einer Zellstoffwattebahn |
FR2399948A1 (fr) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-03-09 | Sonoco Products Co | Procede et appareil pour former une fermeture comportant une membrane d'etancheite et un couvercle amovible |
FR2503036A1 (fr) * | 1981-04-01 | 1982-10-08 | Erca | Bande composite a couvercles pour recipients thermoplastiques et procede, dispositif et installation de fabrication d'une telle bande composite |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999007546A1 (fr) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-18 | Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh | Procede de production d'un produit relativement doux, ainsi que produit lui-meme |
US6440564B1 (en) | 1997-08-08 | 2002-08-27 | Sca Hygiene Products Gmbh | Method of producing a relatively soft product, and the product itself |
WO2000069622A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-11-23 | Boegli-Gravures S.A. | Dispositif pour gaufrer ou glacer des materiaux plats |
CN102514031A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 广东万联包装机械有限公司 | 一种纵切机的压线轮驱动装置 |
US11142379B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2021-10-12 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | Die-cut lid and associated container and method |
US11325760B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2022-05-10 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | Die-cut lid and associated container and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH689860A5 (de) | 1999-12-31 |
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