EP0739697A1 - Rotierendes schneidwerkzeug zum bearbeiten von holz oder holzverbundwerkstoff. - Google Patents
Rotierendes schneidwerkzeug zum bearbeiten von holz oder holzverbundwerkstoff. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0739697A1 EP0739697A1 EP94927063A EP94927063A EP0739697A1 EP 0739697 A1 EP0739697 A1 EP 0739697A1 EP 94927063 A EP94927063 A EP 94927063A EP 94927063 A EP94927063 A EP 94927063A EP 0739697 A1 EP0739697 A1 EP 0739697A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- edge
- wood
- chromium
- covering
- cutting edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000400611 Eucalyptus deanei Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002531 Rubberwood Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001145 finger joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G15/00—Boring or turning tools; Augers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
- B23D61/02—Circular saw blades
- B23D61/04—Circular saw blades with inserted saw teeth, i.e. the teeth being individually inserted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rotary cutting tools for working of woods or wood-based composite materials, that is, a tipped saw for cutting, a drill, a finger cutter, and a molding cutter.
- a finger cutter is formed in such a manner that the section thereof as viewed from a flank 5 of a peripheral cutting edge 6 (Fig. 1a) having a clearance angle ⁇ 2 of a cemented carbide tip 2 brazed to a tip seat of an edge body formed in a conformal position on a circumference of a base metal 1 has an identical thickness (Fig. 1d).
- the oblique angle ⁇ 3 (Fig. 1b) is 3° to 10°
- the clearance angle ⁇ 2 in the flank 5 of the peripheral cutting edge is 15° to 25° . From this relationship, the clearance angle ⁇ 1 (Fig. 1e) in the side cutting edge in the direction of rotation in a flank 4 of a side cutting edge 7 (Fig.
- a tipped saw is used in various types of working ranging from sawing of logs to secondary cutting of wood-based boards.
- the edge thickness which determines the groove width should be reduced in order to improve the yield of the product and to reduce the cutting power, and the thickness of the base metal body should be as thick as possible in order to enhance the rigidity of the saw.
- the upper limit of clearance angle of the side cutting edge in the tipped saw i.e., clearance angle in cutting edge in the tipped saw i.e., clearance angle in the direction of rotation of the side cutting edge, is generally about 5°.
- the re-grinding of the tool is carried out for either the rake or the flank of the peripheral cutting edge or both the rake and the flank.
- These two tools, finger cutters and tipped saws are representative tools having a small clearance angle in the side cutting edge.
- Other cutters include a flooring cutter for working a male tongue and a female tongue for joining wood-based flooring materials in the longitudinal or widthwise direction, a round bar cutter for working the reverse and front surfaces of a plate material into a semicircular form to form a round bar, and a moulding cutter which mainly performs design working and cuts various shapes including R face.
- the clearance angle of the side cutting edge is generally about 5°
- a drill for deep hole drilling of a wood particularly a drill for working horizontal members and horizontal braces for use in wooden framework houses, for example, a deep hole having a diameter of 15 mm and a depth of not less than 200 mm is created by drilling. Therefore, direct advance of the drill is important.
- the side, i.e., peripheral face, of the edge nose in the drill is formed in a completely circular form having a clearance angle in the direction of rotation of 0° or up to 5°.
- the number of revolutions is generally 1000 to 5000 rpm which is 10 to 100 times larger than that for steel working, which is likely to cause resonance.
- the clearance angle in the side of the edge nose should be small also from the viewpoint of preventing this reproduced chatter vibration.
- reducing the saw thickness is an important task to be accomplished in order to reduce the amount of saw dust produced to thereby improve the yield of the wood.
- elimination of unstable cutting derived from the reduced saw thickness and, at the same time, prolongation of the service life are also an important task to be accomplished.
- the long drill for deep hole drilling has problems of increased cutting resistance and frequent breakage caused by oblique advance.
- Deposition of gum is known to be deeply involved in the problems common to the above rotary cutting tools for cutting of woods, such as finger cutter, moulding cutter, tipped saw, and drill for deep hole drilling. Specifically, when a wood or a wood-based composite material is cut by rotary cutting, components of the wood scattered from the cutting portion are deposited, solidified, and accumulated on each face of the edge. This phenomenon is usually called “deposition of gum.” The deposition of gum is observed also in tools wherein the cutting edge is made of a cemented carbide, a tool steel, or other high-strength materials. Fundamentally, the deposition of gum is regardless of the sharpness of the edge and occurs even when the edge is fresh. When the material to be cut is of certain type, the finger cutter and the tipped saw often become unusable in spite of no significant abrasion of the edge. In this case, simple removal of the gum makes it possible to continuously use the cutter and the saw.
- the gum is not in merely deposited and accumulated state but in a densely solidified state and is considered to be formed by hardening through polymerization of components of the wood.
- the gum is strongly deposited on the surface of the edge tool and can hardly be wiped off by mechanical means.
- the tool is immersed in an alkaline solution or a commercial detergent and carefully wiped off. This is a troublesome work requiring a lot of time. Further, the deposition of the gum requires frequent replacement of the tool and the like, lowering the productivity.
- the thickness of the PTFE covering should be as large as several tens of ⁇ m to several hundred of ⁇ m, and the abrasion resistance of the covering is so low that the covering in its portion very near the edge which is strongly abutted against the material to be cut is easily abraded.
- the remaining covering adversely affects and renders the clearance of the side cutting edge unsatisfactory. This results in increased lateral pressure and consequently deteriorated sharpness, making it impossible to attain the contemplated purpose.
- the gum is deposited also on the rake. Since, however, only chips having low rigidity are passed through the rake, any adverse effect such as increase in cutting resistance is not observed.
- the gum which raise a problem is one deposited on the flank in the side cutting edge.
- the clearance angle of the side cutting edge is so large that the clearance is satisfactory, most of the gum scattered from the cutting portion is scattered in the air and, hence, the deposited gum, if any, has no significant influence on the cutting.
- the clearance angle in the side cutting edge is so small that clearance is unsatisfactory, the scattered gum is deposited and accumulated on the flank or base metal portion somewhat away from the edge.
- the progress of the accumulation causes the gum to be thickly spread to the vicinity of the edge, creating friction between the accumulated gum and the cut surface of the material to be cut. This results in increased cutting resistance and scorch of the cut surface. Further, in some cases, abnormal heat generation occurs in the edge portion and the base metal, resulting in abnormal abrasion or breaking of the edge, deformation of the base metal and the like.
- the finger cutter since the material is worked into a narrow and long finger form, the finger undergoes side pressure and, consequently, is deflected, making is impossible to carry out cutting into a contemplated exact shape. Also in the case of working by means of the moulding cutter, the cut surface temperature is raised due to friction, causing scorch or burning. This results in increased cutting resistance.
- the side pressure of the saw edge becomes so large that vibration or deflection of the saw body or an increase in cutting resistance occurs.
- the deposition of gum on the side face of the edge causes an increase in side pressure and, consequently, oblique advance even in the case of a sharp edge, making the drill unusable.
- the deposition of gum on the base metal makes it impossible to accurately conduct re-grinding.
- the present inventors have repeated various experiments and studies on the prevention of deposition of the gum rather than on the removal of deposited gum. As a result, they have found that the regulation of the roughness of the flank in the side cutting edge followed by covering of the flank having a regulated roughness with chromium or a chromium-based material enables the deposition of gum to be reduced to such an extent as will pose no problem for practical use.
- An object of the present invention is to provide, based on the above studies, a rotary cutting tool, for a wood or wood-based composite material, which is less likely to cause the deposition of gum and has a small clearance angle in the direction of rotation.
- the rotary cutting tool for working of a wood or a wood-based composite material according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a peripheral cutting edge and a side cutting edge formed separately from or continuously with each other, the surface roughness Rmax is 1 to 10 ⁇ m at least for the flank of the side cutting edge and the outermost surface of the flank of the side cutting edge is covered with at least one member selected from chromium and a nitride, a carbide, and a carbonitride of chromium.
- Finger cutters which have a small clearance angle in a side cutting edge and are likely to cause deposition of gum were tested for deposition of gum with varied materials for a spare edge, conditions for finishing of a side cutting edge, surface roughness, covering layer and the like. Testing methods, test results, and evaluation will be described.
- a spare edge 13 for a finger cutter for practical use two to four edges are disposed in the periphery of a body of the tool 12. In the present test, however, only one edge was used for convenience.
- high-speed tool steel SKH51 (hardness: HRC63) and cemented carbide K30 were used as the material for the spare edge.
- the flank in the side cutting edge was finished under various conditions, and a covering was applied thereon by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or hard chromium plating (Cr plating).
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- Cr plating hard chromium plating
- a spare edge without any covering was also tested.
- surface Cr/CrN represents that a 0.4 ⁇ m-thick Cr was covered on a 2.3 ⁇ m-thick CrN covering.
- the side cutting edge was finished by using abrasive materials, such as CBN (borazon), WA (white alundum), and GC (green carborundom).
- a cup grinding wheel and a straight (flat) grinding wheel was used.
- the grinding methods used are given in Table 1.
- the grinding direction is defined by ⁇ 0 as shown in Fig. 3a.
- a streak created by the grinding is in a circular arc form. Therefore, the grinding direction was expressed in terms of the average value as shown in Fig. 3b.
- "Without zero grinding" for sample NO. 26 represents that grinding was carried out without spark out. For the other samples, spark out was carried out.
- spark out used herein is intended to mean that, at the time of completion of infeed, grinding is continued for a while with the infeed of the grinding sheet being zero to carry out grinding by a clearance created by the deflection of a workpiece or the like. Grinding derived from the recovery from the deflection creates sparks for a while and is terminated when the sparks are no longer observed.
- Fig. 2a cutting of one side of a cut end 11a of a wood 11 was carried out with a spare edge 13 of a finger cutter under conditions of 0.3 mm per pass and depth of cut 11.4 mm.
- SKH51 was used as the material for the spare edge, the covering was formed with varied covering material and thickness, and Rmax was 0.30 ⁇ m and 5.12 ⁇ m.
- the test results reveal that (1) covering has no effect when Rmax is small, (2) when Rmax is large, gum is less likely to deposit, (3) A combination of hard chromium plating or Cr and CrN by PVD with Rmax offers a large effect of preventing the deposition of gum, and (4) although TiN and TiC are somewhat effective, the effect thereof is not satisfactory for practical use.
- gum began to deposit in irregularities of the surface, and the gum deposition was then spread.
- nonoriented surface roughness was adopted.
- the material was ground in the same manner as described in connection with the spare edge of sample Nos. 1 to 6, shot-blasted to increase the surface roughness, and covered with CrN. Test results reveal that blasting offers the effect of surface roughness as in grinding.
- Fig. 5 shows the relationship, based on the test results on CrN covering given in Table 1, between the grinding direction and surface roughness Rmax influencing the evaluation.
- o , ⁇ , and ⁇ (corresponding to evaluations A, B, and C) were evaluated as effective. Further, o and ⁇ were evaluated as favorable. From Fig. 5, it was judged that when Rmax is in the range of from 1 to 10 ⁇ m, satisfactory effect can be attained independently of the grinding direction and that the surface roughness Rmax 1.5 to 8.2 ⁇ m and grinding direction -50° to +50° (including nonoriented grinding) are preferred.
- Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the surface roughness Rmax and the deposition of gum in grinding direction -25° to +25° (including nonoriented grinding).
- Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the grinding direction and the deposition of gum in the surface roughness Rmax 2.9 to 5.2 ⁇ m.
- the recognition in the art was such that the surface roughness of both two faces constituting the edge nose, that is, the rake and the flank, is preferably as small as possible.
- the side cutting edge of a finger cutter integrated by brazing, commonly used in the art, the edge is subjected to rough grinding under conditions for sample No. 25 and then finished under conditions for sample No. 24.
- the material is ground with diamond #120 grinding stone to a contemplated dimension, zero grinding is carried out in this state until no spark is observed, thereby lowering the surface roughness. Then, further grinding is carried out with a #500 grinding wheel to further lower the surface roughness. For sample No. 26, the zero grinding was not carried out in the grinding operation.
- the present inventors have already proposed the use of an edge replacement type finger cutter for finger working which has hitherto been carried out with a cemented carbide-brazed cutter (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 122104/1994).
- a practical test on the deposition of gum was carried out using the edge replacement type finger cutter as a material under test.
- the shape of a spare edge 13 used in the practical test was as shown in Fig. 8a.
- a clearance angle of 10° in the nose of peripheral cutting edge was provided to increase the point edge angle of the peripheral cutting edge to 60° , thereby increasing the strength and enhancing the shape retention of the point of the finger.
- the flank 4 in the side cutting edge of the spare edge 13 mounted on a tool body 12 was finished under conditions of sample Nos. 7 to 12 specified in Table 1.
- the flank of the peripheral cutting edge was finally finished under conditions of Sample Nos. 1 to 6 and covered with CrN in a thickness of 3 ⁇ m by PVD. Thereafter, the rake 3 was ground to remove the covering in the rake to prepare a spare edge sample.
- the edge was nose circle diameter ⁇ 210 mm x 4.0 mm in thickness x 4 in number of edges, the shape of the finger was 4 mm in width x 0.6 mm in point width x 7° in oblique angle x 11.4 mm in length.
- the edge angle was rake angle 20° , clearance angle in peripheral cutting edge 25° , clearance angle in nose of peripheral cutting angle 10°, and clearance angle in side cutting edge 3.6° .
- test sample was mounted on one axis among two axes of finger cutter axes in a horizontal finger working machine, and the conventional cemented carbide-brazed cutter was mounted on the other one axis to compare the durability of the two samples.
- the number of cutters laminated varies depending upon the thickness of the material to be cut.
- the minimum number of cutters and the maximum number of cutters were 7 and 10, respectively.
- Rubber wood and beech wood were used as materials to be cut, and cutting was carried out under conditions of number of revolutions of main spindle 3400 rpm and material feed rate 12 m/min.
- the service life of the conventional cemented carbide-brazed cutter was 3 days on average due to increased cutting noise, fitting failure of the finger and the like, and the cutter was replaced for each 3 days for this reason. Observation of the cutter replaced due to the service life revealed that gum was thickly and widely deposited on the side of the cemented carbide tip and widely deposited also on the tool body.
- the above effect lowers the running cost of the spare edge, enabling the spare edge to be disposed after use, that is, thrown away and, hence, can improve the troublesome control of the cutters.
- the prevention of the deposition of gum on the tool body is preferred because the tool body is used repeatedly.
- the deposition of gum can be prevented by a combination of the regulation of the surface roughness of the protrusion 12a with the covering of chromium or a nitride, carbide, or carbonitride of chromium by PVD.
- the internal layer with TiN with the upper layer, that is, the outermost surface, being covered with chromium or a nitride, carbide, or carbonitride of chromium. This technique can be applied to all rotary cutting tools.
- a base metal surface is ground with a proper grinding wheel so that the streak created by the grinding is -50° to +50° to the direction of rotation.
- a tip seat is prepared by cutting, and, as shown in Fig. 10, a cemented carbide tip 20 is brazed.
- a side 21 of the cemented carbide tip was ground to a surface roughness Rmax of 1 to 10 ⁇ m so that a streak created by the grinding is - 50° to +50° to the direction of rotation.
- the ground surface is then covered with chromium or a nitride, carbide, or carbonitride of chromium by PVD. After brazing, the deposition of silver as a brazing filler metal around the tip or the formation of an oxide film generally occurs.
- the bond strength of the covering is ensured by regulating the surface roughness of the silver braze or removing the oxide film.
- this portion can be shot-blasted after brazing.
- the blasting conditions are regulated so that the surface roughness Rmax is brought to 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the covering may have a multi-layer structure, and chromium or a nitride, carbide, or carbonitride of chromium is covered on at least the outermost surface.
- the thickness of the covering may vary depending upon the material to be cut. For example, a covering thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ m suffices for cutting of general woods, and a covering thickness of 3 to 10 ⁇ m is used for cutting of wood-based boards which have strong abrasive action. In this case, the bond strength between the covering and the cemented carbide tip is unsatisfactory in the case of hard chromium plating, making it necessary to form the covering by PVD.
- a polycrystalline diamond sinter comprising a cemented carbide alloy as a substrate and a polycrystalline diamond laminated and sintered thereon has been used as a tool material having a very long service life.
- a gas phase synthesized diamond film formed by chemical vapor deposition has also been used as a tool material.
- the present invention can be provided by utilizing these diamond materials in a tipped saw to prolong the service life.
- a polycrystalline diamond sinter or gas phase synthesized diamond film having a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm is laminated on the surface of a rake 22 of a cemented carbide tip to from an edge nose.
- the diamond layer since the diamond layer is electrically insulated, the diamond layer cannot be covered with chromium or a nitride, carbide, or carbonitride of chromium by PVD wherein the bond strength is ensured by the application of a negative voltage.
- a substrate 15 for a spare edge 13 of a finger cutter is made of a cemented carbide, a tool steel, such as a high-speed tool steel or a high-chromium alloy tool steel, or other high-strength materials, for example, a cast stellite, a sintered stellite, or a cermet.
- a gas phase synthesized diamond film 16 having a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm is as such laminated on the surface of the substrate 15 on the rake side thereof to form an edge nose.
- a substrate 17 with a polycrystalline diamond sinter 18 laminated on the surface thereof is laminated to from an edge nose.
- a tip seat is formed by grinding or cutting on a rake of the substrate 15 for a spare edge, and the substrate 17 with a polycrystalline diamond sinter 18, having a thickness of not more than 0.5 mm, laminated on the surface thereof is brazed thereto.
- the brazing filler material is preferably used in a previously determined minimum amount so that the brazing filler material does not significantly flow on the side of the substrate.
- the diamond layer including the substrate 17, together with the substrate 15 for a spare edge is finished by grinding so that the surface roughness Rmax of the side cutting edge flank and the peripheral cutting edge flank is 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the oxide film on the surface in a region heated in a brazing is removed by shot blasting.
- the grain size of the shot is selected so that the surface roughness does not become large.
- CrN is covered in a thickness of several ⁇ m by PVD.
- the rake in the diamond layer may be finished by grinding after covering or alternatively finished by grinding before covering.
- An edge nose of a drill as shown in Fig. 13 is made of a cemented carbide, a tool steel, such as a high-speed tool steel or a high-chromium alloy tool steel, or other high-strength materials.
- the roughness Rmax of the tool in its peripheral surface 26 near an axial point nose 25 is brought to 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a hard layer of chromium or a nitride, carbide, or carbonitride of chromium is provided as the outermost surface. After covering of the hard layer, the axial point edge portion is finished by grinding. This can prevent the deposition of gum on the peripheral surface of the drill, ensuring the straight advance of the drill.
- Fig. 14a shows an example of a moulding cutter wherein a stiffening plate 29 and an edge nose plate 30 in a spare edge portion are separably put on top of the other.
- the stiffening plate corresponds to the substrate for a spare edge
- the edge plate corresponds to a nose material.
- the shape of the edge line in the present example is suitable for use in finishing of the edge of a plate material to be cut into a circular arc form.
- a side cutting edge flank 31 near the maximum cutting diameter of the edge line is in such a state that the oblique angle is close to substantially 0° such as found in the finger cutter. For this reason, the clearance angle ⁇ 4 in the side cutting edge should be positively provided.
- the clearance angle in the side cutting edge may be small, so that re-grinding gives rise to no significant change in shape.
- the cutter can be designed so that the edge nose plate alone is replaceable.
- the clearance angle in the side cutting edge can be naturally set by providing a usual peripheral cutting edge clearance angle ⁇ 5 over the whole edge line. Therefore, even when the side edge clearance angle is small, the application of the present invention can provide a cutter which has a prolonged service life and undergoes no shape change upon being re-ground.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Dovetailed Work, And Nailing Machines And Stapling Machines For Wood (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5259323A JP2673655B2 (ja) | 1993-09-21 | 1993-09-21 | 木材または木質系複合材加工用の回転切削工具 |
JP25932393 | 1993-09-21 | ||
JP259323/93 | 1993-09-21 | ||
PCT/JP1994/001537 WO1995008423A1 (fr) | 1993-09-21 | 1994-09-19 | Outil de coupe rotatif pour le travail du bois ou d'un materiau composite a base de bois |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0739697A1 true EP0739697A1 (de) | 1996-10-30 |
EP0739697A4 EP0739697A4 (de) | 1998-01-28 |
EP0739697B1 EP0739697B1 (de) | 2000-07-12 |
EP0739697B2 EP0739697B2 (de) | 2004-09-22 |
Family
ID=17332495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94927063A Expired - Lifetime EP0739697B2 (de) | 1993-09-21 | 1994-09-19 | Rotierendes schneidwerkzeug zum bearbeiten von holz oder holzverbundwerkstoff. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0739697B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2673655B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2172366A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69425277T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995008423A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2352207A (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2001-01-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | A plane knife with a cutting edge formed on an arc-shaped recess |
EP1322453A1 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2003-07-02 | MiTek Holdings, Inc. | System zur herstellung von bauholz mit abgerundeten enden |
EP1424176A1 (de) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-06-02 | Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha | Fingerschneider |
EP1591184A1 (de) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-02 | Pozzo SpA | Werkzeug zur Bearbeitung von Holz und dergleichem und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US7246586B2 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2007-07-24 | Ina - Schaeffler Kg | Wear-resistant coating and process for producing it |
EP2279837A1 (de) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-02-02 | Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha | Holzschneidwerkzeug |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5537782B2 (ja) | 2007-09-14 | 2014-07-02 | スルザー メタプラス ゲーエムベーハー | 切削工具及び切削工具の製造方法 |
CN106113171A (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-11-16 | 江苏飞达钻头股份有限公司 | 木工修光、扩孔钻 |
JP2019077080A (ja) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-05-23 | 兼房株式会社 | チップソー |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0364975A1 (de) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-04-25 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Abwalzfräser für Zahnrad-Endbearbeitung |
DE4009994A1 (de) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-04 | Kanefusa Knife & Saw | Schneidorgan fuer drehbearbeitung von holz |
JPH0367602A (ja) * | 1989-08-07 | 1991-03-22 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | ダイヤモンド被覆木材加工用刃物 |
DE4114964A1 (de) † | 1990-05-11 | 1991-12-12 | Tokyo Silicone Co | Gebilde und verfahren zum verhindern der adhaesion einer adhaesiven substanz sowie verfahren zum verhindern der adhaesion von nichtvulkanisiertem kautschuk |
EP0541071A1 (de) * | 1991-11-07 | 1993-05-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Schneidewerkzeug aus polykristallinen Diamanten und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
EP0500253B1 (de) † | 1991-02-18 | 1997-11-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Diamant-beschichtete bzw. mit diamantartigem Kohlenstoff beschichtete Hartstoffe |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01153905U (de) * | 1988-04-04 | 1989-10-24 | ||
JPH02209496A (ja) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-20 | Kanefusa Hamono Kogyo Kk | 木工用鉋刃の硬質クロム鍍金方法 |
-
1993
- 1993-09-21 JP JP5259323A patent/JP2673655B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-19 DE DE69425277T patent/DE69425277T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-19 WO PCT/JP1994/001537 patent/WO1995008423A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1994-09-19 CA CA 2172366 patent/CA2172366A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-19 EP EP94927063A patent/EP0739697B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0364975A1 (de) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-04-25 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Abwalzfräser für Zahnrad-Endbearbeitung |
DE4009994A1 (de) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-04 | Kanefusa Knife & Saw | Schneidorgan fuer drehbearbeitung von holz |
JPH0367602A (ja) * | 1989-08-07 | 1991-03-22 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | ダイヤモンド被覆木材加工用刃物 |
DE4114964A1 (de) † | 1990-05-11 | 1991-12-12 | Tokyo Silicone Co | Gebilde und verfahren zum verhindern der adhaesion einer adhaesiven substanz sowie verfahren zum verhindern der adhaesion von nichtvulkanisiertem kautschuk |
EP0500253B1 (de) † | 1991-02-18 | 1997-11-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Diamant-beschichtete bzw. mit diamantartigem Kohlenstoff beschichtete Hartstoffe |
EP0541071A1 (de) * | 1991-11-07 | 1993-05-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Schneidewerkzeug aus polykristallinen Diamanten und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
"Beschichtung von Werkzeugteilen und Verschleissteilen in High-Tech Oberflächen" p.23-32 (10.12.91) † |
DIN 4762 (Jan. 1989) † |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 225 (M-1122), 10 June 1991 & JP 03 067602 A (NACHI FUJIKOSHI CORP), 22 March 1991, * |
See also references of WO9508423A1 † |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2352207A (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2001-01-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | A plane knife with a cutting edge formed on an arc-shaped recess |
GB2352207B (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2001-07-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Plane knife for planing machines, in particular hand-held planing machines for machining wood |
EP1322453A1 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2003-07-02 | MiTek Holdings, Inc. | System zur herstellung von bauholz mit abgerundeten enden |
EP1322453B1 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2008-09-10 | MiTek Holdings, Inc. | System zur herstellung von bauholz mit abgerundeten enden |
CN1305650C (zh) * | 2001-08-06 | 2007-03-21 | 兼房株式会社 | 指形铣刀 |
EP1424176A4 (de) * | 2001-08-06 | 2005-10-19 | Kanefusa Knife & Saw | Fingerschneider |
EP1424176A1 (de) * | 2001-08-06 | 2004-06-02 | Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha | Fingerschneider |
EP1591184A1 (de) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-02 | Pozzo SpA | Werkzeug zur Bearbeitung von Holz und dergleichem und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US7246586B2 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2007-07-24 | Ina - Schaeffler Kg | Wear-resistant coating and process for producing it |
DE102004043550B4 (de) * | 2004-09-09 | 2012-02-16 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verschleißfeste Beschichtung, ihre Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
EP2279837A1 (de) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-02-02 | Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha | Holzschneidwerkzeug |
US20110033722A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-02-10 | Toru Minami | Wood cutting tool |
EP2279837A4 (de) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-03-30 | Kanefusa Knife & Saw | Holzschneidwerkzeug |
US8435651B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2013-05-07 | Kanefusa Kabushiki Kaisha | Wood cutting tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0788806A (ja) | 1995-04-04 |
DE69425277T2 (de) | 2001-02-22 |
JP2673655B2 (ja) | 1997-11-05 |
EP0739697B1 (de) | 2000-07-12 |
DE69425277T3 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
EP0739697A4 (de) | 1998-01-28 |
WO1995008423A1 (fr) | 1995-03-30 |
DE69425277D1 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
CA2172366A1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
EP0739697B2 (de) | 2004-09-22 |
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