Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
  • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/42—Amides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
  • A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to shampoo compositions containing functional materials such as conditioning agents, styling agents or antidandruff agents.
• functional materials such as conditioning agents, styling agents or antidandruff agents.
• the present invention relates to mild shampoo compositions that are high lathering and provide high deposition of functional materials.
• Acceptable shampoo compositions should cleanse the hair and scalp and be safe to the user.
• preferred shampoos will provide more benefits than simple cleanliness and safety.
• shampoos it is also desirable to incorporate various functional materials in shampoos to provide benefits in addition to cleansing.
• functional materials include conditioning agents, styling agents, antidandruff agents, and the like.
• Preferred shampoos will provide high deposition of the functional materials on the hair and scalp, so that the materials can provide their intended benefits. For instance, conditioning agents should be efficiently deposited on the hair during use of the shampoo, so that the agents are not rinsed away and can provide good conditioning benefits. Similarly, antidandruff agents should be efficiently deposited on the scalp to provide good antidandruff performance.
• Typical mild shampoo formulations utilize high levels of nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants in the presence of anionic surfactants to obtain good mildness characteristics.
• the lather volumes of these formulations tend to be appreciably lower than regular anionic surfactant-based shampoo formulations.
• the advantage of the present invention is the discovery that shampoos containing a particular surfactant system not only provide desirable mildness, but also provide the benefits of high lathering and high deposition of functional materials.
• the surfactant system is a combination of certain anionic surfactants and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants in particular amounts and ratios. This invention is described in further detail hereinbelow.
• ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore do not include carriers or by ⁇ products that may be included in commercially available materials.
• the present invention provides a mild, high lathering shampoo composition with high deposition of functional materials, the shampoo composition comprising:
• surfactant system comprising: (i) from 80% to about 99%, by weight of the surfactant system, anionic surfactants which are alkyl ethoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates in a ratio between about 1 :1 and 1 :0; and (ii) from about 1 % to 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants;
• the shampoo compositions of this invention advantageously provide the desirable combination of mildness, high lathering, and high deposition of functional materials such as conditioning agents, styling agents or antidandruff agents.
• the shampoo compositions of the present invention contain a particular surfactant system that has been found to exhibit a desirable combination of benefits: mildness to the scalp, high lathering, and high deposition of functional materials such as conditioning agents, styling agents, antidandruff agents and the like.
• the shampoos contain from about 5% to about 40% by weight surfactant system, preferably from about 7% to about 35% by weight, and more preferably from about 12% to about 20% by weight.
• the surfactant system comprises: (i) from 80% to about 99%, by weight of the surfactant system, anionic surfactants which are alkyl ethoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates in a ratio between about 1 :1 and 1 :0; and (ii) from about 1 % to 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants.
• anionic surfactants which are alkyl ethoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates in a ratio between about 1 :1 and 1 :0
• polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants alkyl Ethoxylated Sulfate and Alkyl Sulfate Surfactants
• the surfactant system of the present shampoo compositions comprises from 80% to about 99% by weight of the surfactant system, preferably from about 85% to about 95% by weight, anionic surfactants which are alkyl ethoxylated sulfates ("AES") and alkyl sulfates ("AS”) in a ratio between about 1 :1 and 1 :0.
• AES alkyl ethoxylated sulfates
• AS alkyl sulfates
• the ratio of AES to AS is at least about 1 :1
• the anionic surfactants can also be 100% AES and no AS (ratio of 1 :0).
• the preferred AES:AS ratio is between about 1:1 and about 10:1 , more preferably between about 2:1 and about 10:1 , and most preferably between about 2:1 and about 6:1.
• Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates and alkyl sulfates have the respective formulae (I) RO(C2H4 ⁇ ) x S ⁇ 3M and (II) ROSO3M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 12, and M is H or a soluble salt-forming cation such as ammonium, alkanolamine such as triethanolamine, monovalent metals such as sodium and potassium, or polyvalent metal cations such as magnesium and calcium.
• the cation M of the anionic surfactant should be chosen such that the anionic surfactant is water soluble. Solubility will depend upon the particular mixture of anionic surfactants and cations chosen.
• the anionic surfactants should be chosen such that the Krafft temperature of the surfactants is about 15°C or less, preferably about 10°C or less, more preferably about 0°C or less. It is also preferred that the anionic surfactants be soluble in the present shampoo compositions. Preferred cations for use in this invention are ammonium, sodium and/or magnesium.
• the alkyl ethoxylated sulfates are typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols having from about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms.
• the alcohols can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil, palm kernel oil, or tallow, or can be synthetic. Such alcohols are preferably reacted with about 1 to about 10, more preferably from about 1 to about 4, most preferably from about 2 to about 3.5, molar proportions of ethylene oxide and the resulting mixture of molecular species having, for example, an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, is sulfated and neutralized.
• Suitable alkyl ethoxylated sulfates include, among others, sodium and ammonium salts of coconut alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, tallow alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, tallow alkyl hexaoxyethylene sulfate, and lauryl triethylene glycol ether sulfate.
• Preferred alkyl ethoxylated sulfates are sodium and ammonium salts of lauryl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, also known as "sodium” and “ammonium laureth-3 sulfate” or "sodium” and “ammonium laun/l (EO)3 sulfate”.
• the alkyl sulfates are typically made by sulfating and neutralizing long chain alcohols.
• the alcohols can be derived from natural sources or can be synthetic alcohols.
• a variety of suitable commercial processes for manufacturing alkyl sulfates are well known to persons skilled in the field of surfactants.
• Suitable alkyl sulfates include, among others, sodium and ammonium salts of lauryl sulfate, coconut alkyl sulfate, and tallow alkyl sulfate. Preferred for use in the present invention are sodium and ammonium salts of lauryl sulfate.
• the surfactant system of the present shampoo compositions also comprises from about 1 % to 20%, by weight of the surfactant system, preferably from about 5% to about 15% by weight, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants. It has been found that the amounts specified herein for the anionic surfactants and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants will provide shampoos that are mild, but that still provide high lathering and high deposition of functional materials.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant comprises compounds of the structural formula:
• R 1 is H, C-j - C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C-
• R ⁇ is a C5 - C3-1 hydrocarbyl moiety, preferably straight chain C7 - C-j 9 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C9 - C-17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C-n - C-
• Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl moiety.
• Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose.
• high dextrose com syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
• Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -(CHOH) n - CH 2 OH, -CH(CH 2 OH)-(CHOH) n _ 1 -CH 2 OH, and -CH 2 -
• (CHOH) 2 (CHOR')(CHOH)-CH 2 OH where n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH 2 -(CHOH)4-CH 2 OH.
• R can be, for example, N- methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2- hydroxy propyl.
• R2-CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide or tallowamide.
• Z can be, for example, 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfructityl, 1- deoxymaltityl, 1-deoxylactityl, 1-deoxygalactityl, 1 -deoxymannityl or 1- deoxymaltotriotity I .
• polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known in the art. In general, they can be made by reacting an alkyl amine with a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction to form a corresponding N-alkyl polyhydroxyamine, and then reacting the N-alkyl polyhydroxyamine with a fatty aliphatic ester or triglyceride in a condensation/amidation step to form the N-alkyl, N-polyhydroxy fatty acid product.
• Processes from making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, by Thomas Hedley & Co., Ltd., U.S. Patent 2,965,576, issued December 20, 1960 to E. R. Wilson, and U.S. Patent 2,703,798, Anthony M. Schwartz, issued December 25, 1934 to Piggott, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the product is made by reacting N-alkyl- or N-hydroxyalkyl-glucamine with a fatty ester selected from fatty methyl esters, fatty ethyl esters, and fatty triglycerides in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of trilithium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate,
• the amount of catalyst is preferably from about 0.5 mole % to about 50 mole %, more preferably from about 2.0 mole % to about 10 mole %, on an N-alkyl or N- hydroxyalkyl-glucamine molar basis.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at from about 138°C to about 170°C for typically from about 20 to about 90 minutes.
• the reaction is also preferably carried out using from about 1 to about 10 weight % of a phase transfer agent, calculated on a weight percent basis of total reaction mixture, selected from saturated fatty alcohol polyethoxylates, alkylopolyglucosides, linear glucamide surfactant, and mixtures thereof.
• this process is carried out as follows:
• N-linear glucosyl fatty acid amide product is added to the reaction mixture, by weight of the reactants, as the phase transfer agent if the fatty ester is a triglyceride. This seeds the reaction, thereby increasing reaction rate.
• polyhydroxy "fatty acid” amide materials used herein also offer the advantages to the shampoo formulator that they can be prepared wholly or primarily from natural, renewable, nonpetrochemical feedstocks and are degradable. They also exhibit low toxicity to aquatic life.
• the processes used to produce them will also typically produce quantities of nonvolatile by-product such as esteramides and cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• the level of these by-products will vary depending upon the particular reactants and process conditions.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide incorporated into the shampoo compositions herein will be provided in a form such that the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide contains less than about 10%, preferably less than about 4%, of cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
• the preferred processes described above are advantageous in that they can yield rather low levels of by-products, including such cyclic amide by-product.
• Optional Surfactants are advantageous in that they can yield rather low levels of by-products, including such cyclic amide by-product.
• the shampoos can also contain up to about 20% optional surfactants known to persons skilled in the art for use in shampoos, for example other anionics, nonionics, cationics, zwitterionics and/or amphoterics.
• the shampoos Preferably contain not more than about 15%, and most preferably not more than about 10% optional surfactants.
• a detailed description of various surfactants suitable for use in shampoos is disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,120,532 to Wells et al., issued June 9, 1992, at column 6, line 35 to column 14, line 17 (incorporated by reference herein).
• certain cationic surfactants also act as conditioning agents; in such case, they are included in the present invention in the range of "conditioning agents" discussed below instead of "optional surfactants”.
• the present shampoo compositions contain from about 0.05% to about 25% by weight functional materials, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight.
• the functional materials can include one or more conditioning agents known to persons skilled in the art. Such conditioning agents are preferably used at levels between about 0.05% and about 8% by weight of the shampoo compositions, more preferably between about 0.2% and about 5% by weight, and most preferably between about 0.2% and about 4% by weight.
• Preferred conditioning agents include cationic materials (cationic surfactants and cationic polymers), hydrocarbon oils, and blends of silicone oil and silicone gum.
• Preferred cationic surfactants for use as conditioning agents in the present invention are quaternary ammonium or amino compounds having at least one N-radical containing one or more nonionic hydrophilic moieties selected from alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, and alkyiester moieties, and combinations thereof.
• the surfactant contains at least one hydrophilic moiety within 4 (inclusive), preferably within 3 (inclusive), carbon atoms of the quaternary nitrogen or cationic amino nitrogen. For purposes herein, this means that the closest non- carbon atom in the hydrophilic moiety to the cationic nitrogen must be within the stated number of carbon atoms relative to said nitrogen.
• carbon atoms that are part of a hydrophilic moiety e.g., carbon atoms in a hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene (e.g., -CH 2 -CH 2 -0-), that are adjacent to other hydrophilic moieties are not counted as when determining the number of hydrophilic moieties within 4, or preferably 3, carbon atoms of the cationic nitrogen.
• the alkyl portion of any hydrophilic moiety is preferably a C1-C3 alkyl.
• Suitable hydrophile- containing radicals include, for example, ethoxy, propoxy, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, ethylamido, propylamido, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, methylester, ethylester, propylester, or mixtures thereof, as nonionic hydrophile moieties.
• quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants useful herein are those of the general formula:
• R1 , R 2 , R3 and R4 radicals comprise, independently, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl chains of from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and containing one or more aromatic, ether, ester, amido, or amino moieties present as substituents or as linkages in the radical chain, wherein at least one of the R1-R4 radicals contains one or more hydrophilic moieties selected from alkoxy (preferably C1-C3 alkoxy), polyoxyalkylene (preferably C1-C3 polyoxyalkylene), alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, alkylester, and combinations thereof.
• the cationic conditioning surfactant contains from 2 to about 10 nonionic hydrophile moieties located within the above stated ranges.
• X is a soluble salt forming anion preferably selected from halogen (especially chlorine), acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfonate, and alkyl sulfate radicals.
• Preferred quaternary ammonium salt surfactants include those of the formula
• Z is a short chain alkyl, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl, more preferably methyl, and X is a water soluble salt forming anion (e.g., CI, sulfate, etc.)
• Z- j and Z 2 are, independently, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyls, and, preferably, Z- j is an alkyl, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl, more preferably methyl, and Z 2 is a short chain hydroxyalkyl, preferably hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl, n and m independently are integers from 2 to 4, inclusive, preferably from 2 to 3, inclusive, more preferably 2, R' and R", independently, are substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyls, preferably C-
• Z- j is an alkyl, preferably a C1-C3 alkyl, more preferably methyl
• Z 2 is a short chain hydroxyalkyl, preferably hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl
• n and m independently
• Particularly preferred is tricetyl methyl ammonium chloride ("TCMAC”), available commercially from Akzo-Chemie as ARQUAD-316 as a 90% suspension.
• TCMAC tricetyl methyl ammonium chloride
• VARISOFT 110 dihydrogenated tallowamidoethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate
• the cationic polymer hair conditioning agents are water soluble, cationic organic polymers.
• the cationic polymers hereof will generally have a weight average molecular weight which is at least about 5,000, typically at least about 10,000, and is less than about 10 million.
• the cationic polymers will have cationic nitrogen-containing moieties such as quaternary ammonium or cationic amino moieties, or a mixture thereof.
• the cationic nitrogen-containing moiety will be present generally as a substituent, on a fraction of the total monomer units of the cationic hair conditioning polymers.
• the cationic polymer can comprise copolymers, terpolymers, etc.
• Suitable cationic hair conditioning polymers include, for example: copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methyl-imidazolium salt (e.g., chloride salt) (referred to in the industry by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, "CTFA", as Polyquaternium-16), such as those commercially available from BASF Wyandotte Corp.
• CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association
• cationic polymers that can be used include polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives and cationic starch derivatives.
• cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted opoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, NJ, USA) under the tradename Polymer LM-200.
• Organic hair conditioning agents can also be used as conditioning agents in the present shampoo compositions.
• the organic hair conditioning materials hereof include liquids selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon oils and fatty esters.
• Hydrocarbon oils include cyclic hydrocarbons, straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated).
• Straight chain hydrocarbon oils will preferably contain from about 12 to about 19 carbon atoms, while branched chain hydrocarbon oils can and typically may contain higher numbers of carbon atoms.
• polymeric hydrocarbons of alkenyl monomers such as C 2 -C6 alkenyl monomers. These polymers can be straight or branched chain polymers.
• the straight chain polymers will typically be relatively short in length, having a total number of carbon atoms as described above for straight chain hydrocarbons in general.
• the branched chain polymers can have substantially higher chain length.
• the number average molecular weight of such materials can vary widely, but will typically be up to about 500, preferably from about 200 to about 400, more preferably from about 300 to about 350.
• suitable materials include mineral oil (preferred), paraffin oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, and mixtures thereof.
• Branched-chain isomers of these compounds, as well as of higher chain length hydrocarbons, can also be used.
• Exemplary branched-chain isomers are highly branched saturated or unsaturated alkanes, such as the permethyl-substituted isomers, e.g., the permethyl- substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane, such as 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-dimethyl-8- methylnonane, sold by Permethyl Corporation.
• Polymeric hydrocarbon oils are also useful conditioning agents.
• a preferred hydrocarbon polymer is polybutene, such as the copolymer of isobutylene and butene; a commercially available material of this type is Indopol L-14 polybutene from Amoco Chemical Co. (Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.).
• Other polymeric conditioners can include polyisoprene, polybutadiene, and other hydrocarbon polymers of C4 to C-
• the fatty esters useful as conditioning agents are characterized by having at least 10 carbon atoms, and include esters with hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols, e.g., mono-esters, polyhydric alcohol esters, and di- and tri-carboxylic acid esters.
• the hydrocarbyl radicals of the fatty esters hereof can also include or have covalently bonded thereto other compatible functionalities, such as amides and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.).
• suitable conditioning agents for use in the present shampoo compositions include water insoluble, nonvolatile silicone hair conditioning agents.
• the silicone conditioning agent will comprise a silicone fluid and can also comprise other ingredients, such as a silicone resin to enhance silicone fluid deposition efficiency or enhance glossiness of the hair (especially when high refractive index, e.g. above about 1.46, silicone conditioning agents are used, e.g. highly phenylated silicones).
• the silicone hair conditioning agent may also comprise volatile silicone components. Typically, if volatile silicones are present, it will be incidental to their use as a solvent or carrier for commercially available forms of nonvolatile silicone materials ingredients, such as silicone gums and resins.
• the silicone hair conditioning agent component will generally be used in the shampoo compositions hereof at levels of from about .05% to about 10% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 5%, most preferably from about 0.1 % to about 4%.
• silicone oil shall mean flowable silicone materials having a viscosity of less than 1 ,000,000 centistokes at 25°C. Generally, the viscosity of the fluid will be between about 5 and 1 ,000,000 centistokes at 25°C, preferably between about 10 and about 100,000.
• Suitable silicone oils include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble, nonvolatile silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties can also be used.
• silicone oils hereof include polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxanes with t
• R is aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl
• R can be substituted or unsubstituted
• x is an integer from 1 to about 8,000.
• Suitable unsubstituted R groups include alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkamino, and ether-substituted, hydroxyl-substituted, and halogen-substituted aliphatic and aryl groups.
• Suitable R groups also include cationic amines and quaternary ammonium groups.
• the aliphatic or aryl groups substituted on the siloxane chain may have any structure as long as the resulting silicones remain fluid at room temperature, are hydrophobic, are neither irritating, toxic nor otherwise harmful when applied to the hair, are compatible with the other components of the composition, are chemically stable under normal use and storage conditions, are insoluble in the composition, and are capable of being deposited on and, of conditioning, the hair.
• the two R groups on the silicon atom of each monomeric silicone unit may represent the same group or different groups.
• the two R groups represent the same group.
• Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C1-C5 alkyls and alkenyls, more preferably from C1-C4, most preferably from C-
• the aliphatic portions of other alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containing groups can be straight or branched chains and preferably have from one to five carbon atoms, more preferably from one to four carbon atoms, even more preferably from one to three carbon atoms, most preferably from one to two carbon atoms.
• the R substituents hereof can also contain amino functionalities, e.g.
• alkamino groups which can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di- and tri- alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups wherein the aliphatic portion chain length is preferably as described above.
• the R substituents can also be substituted with other groups, such as halogens (e.g. chloride, fluoride, and bromide), halogenated aliphatic or aryl groups, and hydroxy (e.g. hydroxy substituted aliphatic groups).
• Suitable halogenated R groups could include, for example, tri-halogenated (preferably fluoro) alkyl groups such as -R 1 -C(F)3, wherein R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl.
• tri-halogenated (preferably fluoro) alkyl groups such as -R 1 -C(F)3, wherein R 1 is C1-C3 alkyl.
• polysiloxanes include polymethyl -3,3,3 trifluoropropylsiloxane.
• nonvolatile polyalkylsiloxane oils that may be used include, for example, polydimethylsiloxanes. These siloxanes are available, for example, from the General Electric Company in their Viscasil R and SF 96 series, and from Dow Corning in their Dow Corning 200 series. Polydimethylsiloxane oil is also known as "dimethicone" oil.
• polyalkylaryl siloxane oils that may be used, also include, for example, polymethylphenylsiloxanes. These siloxanes are available, for example, from the General Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or from Dow Corning as 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid.
• the polyether siloxane copolymers that may be used include, for example, a polypropylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane (e.g., Dow Corning DC-1248) although ethylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may also be used.
• a silicone fluid that can be especially useful in the silicone conditioning agents is insoluble silicone gum.
• silicone gum means polyorganosiloxane materials having a viscosity at 25 °C of greater than or equal to 1,000,000 centistokes. Silicone gums are described by Petrarch and others including U.S.
• silicone gums will typically have a mass molecular weight in excess of about 200,000, generally between about 200,000 and about 1 ,000,000.
• polydimethylsiloxane examples include polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (diphenyl siloxane)(methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer and mixtures thereof.
• Polydimethylsiloxane gum is also known as "dimethicone" gum.
• the silicone hair conditioning agent comprises a mixture of a polydimethylsiloxane gum, having a viscosity greater than about 1,000,000 centistokes and polydimethylsiloxane oil having a viscosity of from about 10 centistokes to about 100,000 centistokes, wherein the ratio of gum to fluid is from about 30:70 to about 70:30, preferably from about 40:60 to about 60:40.
• Silicone hair conditioning agents are described in more detail in U.S. Patent 5,100,657 to Ansher-Jackson et al., issued March 31 , 1992, at column 13, line 65 to column 18, line 47 (incorporated by reference herein).
• a preferred shampoo composition according to the present invention includes a mixture of the following functional materials to be deposited on the hair: guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (preferably at a level between about 0.05% and about 0.70% by weight), hydrocarbon oil (preferably at a level between about 0.10% and about 1.40% by weight), and a blend of dimethicone oil and dimethicone gum (preferably at a level between about 0.1 % and about 4.0% by weight).
• guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride preferably at a level between about 0.05% and about 0.70% by weight
• hydrocarbon oil preferably at a level between about 0.10% and about 1.40% by weight
• dimethicone oil and dimethicone gum preferably at a level between about 0.1 % and about 4.0% by weight.
• Antidandruff agents can also be used as functional materials in the present shampoo compositions. Suitable antidandruff agents include, for example, sulfur, selenium sulfide, and pyridinethione salts. Preferred are heavy metal salts of 1 -hydroxy-2-pyridinethione and selenium disulfide. The antidandruff agents are preferably used at levels of about 0.1 % to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 5%, by weight of the shampoo compositions.
• Selenium sulfide preferably has an average of less than about 15 ⁇ , more preferably less than about 10 ⁇ . These measurements can be made using a forward laser light scattering device (e.g., a Malvern 3600 instrument).
• a forward laser light scattering device e.g., a Malvern 3600 instrument.
• Preferred pyridinethione antidandruff agents are water insoluble 1 - hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts.
• Preferred salts are formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium, aluminum and zirconium. The most preferred metal herein is zinc.
• the most preferred active is the zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, often referred to as zinc pyridinethione (ZPT). Other cations such as sodium may also be suitable.
• ZPT zinc pyridinethione
• Other cations such as sodium may also be suitable.
• Hair Styling Agents are particularly preferred, wherein the particles have an average size of up to about 20 microns, preferably up to about 8 microns, most preferably up to about 5 microns.
• the functional materials used in the present shampoo compositions can also include one or more hair styling agents, which are a class of materials which are designed to assist the user in having the shampooed hair retain a particular shape.
• hair styling agents are used at levels between about 0.2% and about 20% by weight of the shampoo compositions, more preferably between about 2% and about 6%.
• the hair styling agents can be selected from various resins and gums.
• Preferred styling agents used herein comprise shampoo- compatible polymers which, in general, are homopolymers or copolymers of hydrophobic monomers.
• hydrophilic polymers useful as styling agents herein can be a copolymer of a hydrophilic monomer and a hydrophobic monomer, or mixtures thereof. Examples of complex polymer systems are found in U.S. Patent 3,222,329 to Grosser et al., issued December 7, 1965; U.S. Patent 3,577,517 to Kubot et al., issued May 4, 1971 ; U.S. Patent 4,012,501 to Farber, issued March 15, 1977; U.S.
• Patent 4,272,511 to Papantoniou and Mondet issued June 9, 1981
• U.S. Patent 4,196,190, to Gehman et al. issued April 1 , 1980.
• block polymer systems are found in U.S. Patent 3,907, 984 to Calvert et al., issued September 23, 1975; U.S. Patent 4,030,512 to Papantoniou et al., issued June 21 , 1977; and U.S. Patent 4,283,384 to Jacquet et al., issued August 11 , 1981.
• Preferred hair styling polymers for use as styling agents in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,120,531 to Wells et al., issued June 9, 1992, " at column 2, line 35 to column 4, line 68; and polymer solvents are disclosed at column 5, line 1 to column 6, line 16 (all incorporated by reference herein).
• the shampoo compositions of the present invention will comprise from about 35% to about 95%, by weight, water.
• the shampoo compositions comprise from about 50% to about 85% water, and most preferably from about 60% to about 80%.
• the pH of the shampoo compositions is not critical and can be in the range of from about 2 to about 10, preferably from about 4 to about 8, and more preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.
• Optional Ingredients are not critical and can be in the range of from about 2 to about 10, preferably from about 4 to about 8, and more preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.
• optional ingredients can also be used in the present shampoo compositions.
• Such optional ingredients include, for example, preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea; quaternary polymeric foam boosters, preferably from about 0.01 % to about 0.2% by weight of the composition; fatty alcohols; block polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide such as Pluronic F88 offered by BASF Wyandotte; ammonium xylene sulfonate; propylene glycol; polyvinyl alcohol; ethyl alcohol; pH adjusting agents such as monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, citric acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, etc.; sequestering agents such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate ("EDTA"); thickening agents such as sodium chloride; perfumes; and dyes.
• preservatives such as benzyl alcohol,
• the present shampoo compositions optionally include a suspending agent useful for suspending particulate antidandruff agents (or other functional materials) and for thickening the compositions, at a level typically between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight of the shampoo.
• Preferred crystalline suspending agents are long chain acyl derivative materials and long chain amine oxides, as well as mixtures of such materials. Included are ethylene glycol long chain esters, alkanol amides of long chain fatty acids, long chain esters of long chain fatty acids, glyceryl long chain esters, long chain esters of long chain alkanolamides, and long chain alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. Examples of crystalline suspending agents are described in U.S.
• Other optional suspending agents that can be used include polymeric thickeners, such as carboxyvinyl polymers.
• Preferred carboxyvinyl polymers are copolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with polyallylsucrose as described in U.S. Patent 2,798,053, Brown, issued July 2, 1957, incorporated herein by reference. These polymers are provided by B. F. Goodrich Company as, for example, Carbopol 934, 940, 941 , and 956.
• suspending agents include those that can impart a gel-like viscosity to the composition, such as water soluble or colloidally water soluble polymers like cellulose ethers (e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose), guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl guar gum, starch and starch derivatives, and other thickeners, viscosity modifiers, gelling agents, etc. Mixtures of these materials can also be used.
• Another type of suspending agent that can be used is xanthan gum.
• shampoo compositions utilizing xanthan gum as a suspending agent for the silicone hair conditioning component are described in U.S.
• Kelco a Division of Merck & Co., Inc. offers xanthan gum as KeltrolR.
• the xanthan gum when used as the silicone hair conditioning component suspending agent, will typically be present in pourable, liquid formulations at a level of from about 0.02% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.03% to about 1.2%, in the compositions of the present invention.
• Shampoo compositions of the present invention are prepared as follows. The percentages given are percentages by weight of the shampoo compositions.
• Dimethicone Blend 1 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.0
• compositions hereof can be made by preparing in a premix tank the following additions while mixing and heating to 72°C: a) Part of Ammonium Lauryl (EO)3 Sulfate b) All of the Lauryl N-Methyl Giucamide c) Part of the Water.
• the shampoo compositions are mild and provide high lathering properties. Additionally, the shampoo compositions provide high deposition of the functional materials (the dimethicone blend, guar gum derivative and hydrocarbon oil).

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• 1994
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