EP0731196B1 - Method for the spinning, drawing and winding up of a synthetic yarn - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for spinning, Stretching and winding a synthetic thread according to the generic term of claims 1 and 19, respectively.

The method and device are known from US Pat. No. 4,123,492.

When spinning, drawing and winding a synthetic thread in the problem of a single, continuous operation is that the thread tends to shrink on the bobbin, i.e. to shorten. This creates a very high thread tension in the wound Thread. This thread tension can destroy the bobbin to lead. The problem is particularly severe when winding up Nylon 6 and nylon 6.6 (polyamide) threads as well as polypropylene threads. It is therefore necessary to thread the thread before winding it up Submit shrinking treatment to thereby increase the tendency to shrink remove. On the other hand, this is due to textile technology reasons Further processing not desired.

It is an object of the invention, the remaining tendency to shrink is triggered in particular by heat or cooking treatment, so too leave or set as desired for further processing and is cheap, but is unaffected by this heat shrinking behavior to be able to wind up.

The solution results from claims 1 and 19.

The advantage of this solution is that the textile technology Properties by the shrink-free treatment according to the invention are not be affected. In particular, the thread after the expiration still a high tendency to shrink, e.g. B. expressed as cooking shrinkage, exhibit. The delivery plants, which feed the thread into the shrink treatment zone lead or remove from it, need not be heated. This is not just a significant simplification of the machine but also allows a more economical procedure. During heat treatment the thread is only subjected to a thread pull, the lower than that required to stretch the already oriented thread Traction is. For threads made of polyamide, polyester or polytrimethylene terephthalate the heating surface temperature is preferably higher than 350 ° C, preferably higher than 200 ° C for threads made of polypropylene.

In particular, this makes it possible to thread the thread in the spinning zone and / or the shrink zone and / or the winding zone with very little To pull the thread without the risk of being restless Thread run or a winder formation on the godet or another Process disorder exists.

The embodiment according to claim 4 serves the purpose of threading into one lead to a precise predetermined distance from the heating surface. A A distance of 0.5 to 3.5 mm is aimed for.

It has already been noted that the thread is in the shrink treatment zone can be guided with very low thread tension. On the other hand, this enables the process engineering to be simplified Claim 5, wherein the thread tension is adjusted so that it simultaneously is suitable as a winding tensile force.

The embodiment according to claim 6 has the advantage that the thread tension set very evenly and thus the shrinkage is set very specifically can be.

In particular with the method of short spinning, the resulting ones are stretched threads are very prone to shrinkage and prepare when winding considerable difficulties. In this case, the process variant can be apply advantageously according to claim 8.

The method according to the invention is suitable for all those used Polymers. A high quality polyester spool can be made become from a thread that, after unwinding, still boils down of more than 20%.

The shrink free treatment according to the invention is of particular importance for the polyamides. The current shrink free treatments, especially with steam, lead to a global Reduction of the tendency to shrink. With the method according to the invention only the coil shrinkage can be removed while the Shrinking tendency is maintained when heat is applied, or by other means Process control parameter remains adjustable.

This applies in the same way to threads made of polypropylene, which are conventional Procedures in winding up are very difficult.

A particularly advantageous method for stretching according to claim 12 is that the threads of a godet at high speed withdrawn from the spinneret at a speed of more than 3,500 m / min and be guided through a narrow heating pipe. In the heating pipe due to the tension and heating of the thread, the drawing. This process was previously used for materials with a high tendency to shrink, especially nylon and polypropylene, not feasible because the With this type of drawing, threads have a high tendency to bobbin shrinkage receive. By combining with the invention This stretching process is possible for all material types.

The method according to claim 13 is particularly characterized in that that the thread despite a low thread tension in the stretching zone precisely localized stretch point and fully stretchable becomes. The procedure is to form a precisely fixed yield point to train according to claim 14.

A further advantageous method variant results from claim 16 for spinning, where the thread coincides with the spinning is stretched, as is known from EP 0 539 866 A2 (= Bag.1951).

The inventive device according to claim 19 is distinguished characterized in that the heating surface despite the high thread speeds is very short, especially between 300 and 1000 mm. Good, uniform heat conduction can be achieved in the design according to claim 20. The tube can be slotted for threading be.

The embodiment according to claim 21 allows simple operation, in particular, however, also the selection of the distance with which the Thread is led to the heating surface. This distance can be at this Embodiment depending on the thread material, the titer, the Filament number, the thread speed, the set temperature of the The heating surface can be specified by the thread guide.

The embodiment according to claim 21 allows a quiet thread run in particular a stepped temperature control adapted to the process. The first stage is, for example, in the temperature range between 450 and 550 ° C and the second stage in the temperature range adjusted between 400 and 500 ° C.

This applies to all polyamides, polyesters and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). With polypropylene, the temperatures are correspondingly lower, preferably around 100 ° C to 200 ° C.

In a combination of the invention which is particularly advantageous in terms of process technology you work in the stretching zone with one that encloses the thread run narrow tube into which the one coming from the spinneret Thread is passed without the interposition of a godet. This mechanically simple solution is only through this invention for everyone Materials possible. In particular are - as follows from claim 28 - No special measures required here to reduce the tendency to shrink to reduce the thread already in the drawing zone. Man gains additional adjustment options for the stretching zone, the other thread properties, in particular tensile strength and Extensibility to modify. In particular, it can be highly oriented or spin fully oriented threads in a continuous process.

But there are also important advantages with shrink treatment. With the invention, the so-called "coil shrinkage", i.e. the Cold shrink tendency, reduce or eliminate to a harmless level, without the warm shrinking tendency, i.e. Boiling shrink or hot air shrinkage. The tendency to heat shrink Technologically, the textile should not meet the requirements of winding but adjusted to the requirements of the subsequent process stages become. So you want e.g. a certain amount with a sewing thread Have a tendency to shrink so that the seam of the shrinkage of the Can adjust fabric. With a hosiery yarn you get the leg shape, by pulling the raw stocking onto a fit that it adapts through heat treatment and shrinkage. With others Tissue tightness is increased by shrinkage, e.g. B. in cord fabrics. In all of these cases, this invention has the requirement the shrink-free winding does not interfere with the Achieving warm shrink tendency.

Fig. 1

zeigt schematisch ein Spinnverfahren und die dazu erforderlichen Vorrichtungsteile;

Fig. 2

zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Heizeinrichtung;

Fig. 3

zeigt ein modifiziertes Spinnverfahren und die dazu erforderlichen Vorrichtungsteile;

Fig. 4

zeigt ein modifiziertes Spinnverfahren und die dazu erforderlichen Vorrichtungsteile;

Fig. 5

zeigt ein modifiziertes Spinnverfahren und die dazu erforderlichen Vorrichtungsteile;

Fig. 6

zeigt ein modifiziertes Spinnverfahren und die dazu erforderlichen Vorrichtungsteile.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below.

Fig. 1

shows schematically a spinning process and the necessary device parts;

Fig. 2

shows an embodiment of a heating device;

Fig. 3

shows a modified spinning process and the necessary device parts;

Fig. 4

shows a modified spinning process and the necessary device parts;

Fig. 5

shows a modified spinning process and the necessary device parts;

Fig. 6

shows a modified spinning process and the required device parts.

Unless otherwise stated, the following description applies to Figures 1 and 3.

A thread 1 is spun from a thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic material is fed to the extruder 3 through a filling device 2. The extruder 3 is driven by a motor 4. The motor 4 is controlled by a motor controller 49. The thermoplastic material is melted in the extruder 3. The deformation work (shear energy) introduced into the material by the extruder 3 serves for this purpose. In addition, a heater, e.g. B. provided in the form of a resistance heater 5, which is controlled by a heating control 50. Through the melt line 6, in which a pressure sensor 7 is provided for measuring the melt pressure for pressure-speed control of the extruder 3, the melt reaches a gear pump 9, which is driven by pump motor 44. The pump motor 44 is controlled by the pump controller 45 in such a way that the pump speed can be set sensitively. The pump 9 conveys the melt flow to the heated spin box 10, on the underside of which the spinneret 11 is located. The melt emerges from the spinneret 11 in the form of fine filament strands 12. The filament strands pass through a cooling shaft. In the cooling shaft 15, an air flow 51 is directed transversely or radially onto the filament sheet 12 by blowing. This cools the filaments.

At the end of the cooling shaft 15, the filament sheet becomes a thread 1 summarized.

The thread is removed from the cooling shaft 15 and from the spinneret 11 deducted by a godet 54. The thread wraps around the trigger godet 54 multiple. An interleaved part of the godet 54 serves this purpose arranged overflow roller 55. The overflow roller 55 is freely rotatable. The Galette 54 is powered by a godet motor with a preset Speed driven. This withdrawal speed is around one Many times higher than the natural exit speed of the filaments 12 from the spinneret. This is the thread of a very high tension subjected to stretching. The stretching will supported by the heating tube 20. The heating tube 20 has a length of e.g. B. 1,150 m. It is heated to a temperature suitable for polyester and PTT at 140 ° to 180 ° C, for polypropylene at 100 ° to 150 ° C and for Polyamides are between 140 ° and 220 ° C. In the first area of this heating pipe is the stretch point of the thread. Due to the temperature control in the further course of the heating tube, the thread properties, such as Strength, cook shrinkage and elongation are influenced and adjusted. A such a heating pipe is e.g. described in (Bag. 1571) = DE 38 08 854, Similar: DE 37 20 337 (Bag. 1584).

The godet 54 is followed by a second godet 16 with an overflow roller 17 the thread 1 is wound up in a winder 30 to form a bobbin 33.

A heating device 8 is provided between the godets 54 and 16 according to this invention. The heater 8 is an elongated one Rail to which the thread is guided at a short distance. This Heating rail is divided into several stages, two are shown can be heated independently. On details received later.

The thread 1 arrives from the take-off godet 16 in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3 the so-called "head thread guide" 25 and from there into the traversing triangle 26. The traversing device is not shown in FIG. 1. It These are wings rotating in opposite directions, which thread 1 back and forth over the length of the coil 33. In doing so, it wraps around Thread a contact roller behind the traversing device (not shown). The contact roller lies on the surface of the coil 33. she is used to measure the surface speed of the coil 33. Die Coil 33 is formed on a sleeve 35. The sleeve 35 is on one Spindle 34 clamped. The winding spindle 34 is driven by a spindle motor and spindle control so driven that the surface speed the coil 33 remains constant. For this purpose, the The speed of the freely rotatable contact roller is sensed.

It is pointed out that the traversing device is also a usual reverse thread roller with one in the reverse thread groove over the Traversing area back and forth traversing thread guide can be.

In the embodiment, the polypropylene thread with a Filament titers spun from 0.7 to 3 dtex and by Galette 54 and at a speed higher than 3,500 and 4,500 m / min from the Spinneret 11 withdrawn and shock-like in the heater 8 heated. The godet 16 has a peripheral speed that is not higher is that of the godet 54. There is therefore no stretching but a relaxation treatment. In this version, the heater 8 with very high temperatures that are above the melting temperature lie, operated essentially above 220 ° C. The first Heating zone 27 of the heating rail was at 330 ° C and the second heating zone 28 heated to 150 ° C. It could be between godets 16 and 54 sufficient relaxation treatment can be achieved in this way, the continued in the take-up zone. The temperatures of the first heating zone 27 are preferably somewhat higher than that of the second Heating zone 28, preferably between 250 and 550 ° C. The temperature the second heating zone 28 is preferably between 150 and 450 ° C. The thread tension between the godets 54 and 16 could under Consideration of the speed difference and the shrinkage forces can be set to less than 0.1 cN / dtex. This area is special advantageous for triggering the cold shrink tendency or for their Disposal. Due to the temperature control, especially in the second Heating zone 28, the warm shrink tendency could also be targeted Be influenced without affecting the winding harmful cold shrink tendency was adversely affected. It is notes that in front of the godet 54 another godet 21 with overflow rollers 22 can be arranged. This is shown in Figure 3. In in this case, post-stretching takes place between these godets 21 and 54. For this purpose, the speed of the godet 54 is set higher than the speed of the godet 21. A pulling force is applied for further plastic deformation of the thread bundle 1 leads. There is preferably also another between these godets Heat treatment instead. For this purpose, a heating device 24 is shown in FIG. 3 shown. It has a heating surface 29 which is the thread 1 is facing. The thread 1 is without touch, but in closer Neighborhood with a distance of 0.5 to 5 mm along this heating surface 29 out. The surface temperature is set higher than the melting temperature of the polymer concerned. Through this Post-stretching and the boil-like heating provided therein there is an influence on the crystal structure in the sense of a higher one Maintain long-term stability of the thread. This will make it effective the subsequent treatment between the godets 54 and 16 increased and the coil shrinkage and the tendency to coil shrinkage further reduced.

It should be noted that, moreover, the method shown in Figure 3 corresponds to that of Figure 1. In this respect, the description there Referred. When using the method according to FIG 1 and Figure 3 could then soft as well as special shrink-sensitive hard coils that are also wound in the Long-term behavior no harmful coil shrinkage with damage or destruction of the coil. This will result in both procedures exercised that the thread at a very high speed of more than 3,500 m / min by means of the godet 54 in the case of FIG. 1 and by means of 3 is withdrawn from the spinneret 11 in the case of FIG. In the case of FIG. 3, the post-stretching can be 10 to 30 again %. The modification provided in the method according to FIG. 3 the crystal structure and increase in length stability can also be produced in a method according to Figure 1 in that the Heating tube 20 is replaced - as shown in Fig. 4 - by an elongated Surface along which the thread has no substantial contact is performed, the surface temperature - as indicated in Figure 3 - Above the melting temperature of the polymer. The required In this case, stretching force is not caused by air friction as in the case of the heating tube 20 but by thread friction on the guide body or thread guide 132 applied. 4 shows as a further modification that the thread several when entering the drawing zone (two are shown) thread guides 132 arranged directly one behind the other, so that the stretching point of the thread is localized due to the heating trains.

In contrast to the method shown in FIG. 1, the method variant 4 the heat treatment between the godets 16 and the winding 30 made. Since the thread in the Shrink treatment zone with very low thread tension can be, the setting is possible that the thread tension at the same time is suitable as a winding tensile force. Because the process flow after Fig. 4 otherwise corresponds to that in Figures 1 and 3, is so far referred to the description there.

5, the thread 1 becomes godless withdrawn directly from the spinneret 11 by means of the winding 30. The The take-off speed is preferably above 5,000 m / min between 6,000 and 7,500 m / min. The thread 1 is with the Spiders stretched at the same time. The heat treatment is carried out using the Heating device 8, which immediately before winding 30 on a Place of thread 1 is arranged at which the thread has already cooled. As a result, the spinning and stretching process can be very threads susceptible to shrinkage can be wound up without difficulty. Regarding of the device parts not mentioned will refer to the description refer to Figs. 1 and 3.

6 shows a modification of the method which relates to the shrink heat treatment of the method according to FIG. 4 is not differs and thus referred to the description of FIG. 4 becomes. After the filament bundle 12 by means of a thread 1 the thread guide 56 is brought together, the thread 1 becomes a godet 21 led. The godet 21 wrapped several times by the thread 1 , pulls the thread 1 out of the spinneret 11 and conveys the thread into a stretching zone. The heating device 24 is in the stretching zone arranged between the godet 21 and the godet 54. When stretching the thread 1 is essentially sealed without touching it Distance passed over the heating surface 29 without contact. The heating surface 29 is at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the Thread 1 heated. The tensile force required for stretching becomes between the godets 21 and 54 set.

It should be noted that in all cases the godets with overflow rollers can be replaced by two or more, driven rollers, which the thread partly in the s sense and / or. z senses, i.e. wrapped in successive opposite directions.

It has been shown in these processes that in particular by shock-like heat treatment with high temperature at the same time Recovery of the molecular structure of the highly pre-oriented polypropylene thread occurs such that the residual shrinkage of the thread is very significant is reduced. In conventional processes, the shrink-free treatment thus eliminating the tendency to shrink at the same time Cold tendency to shrink and warm tendency to shrink reduced. That applies especially for the steam treatment processes according to the state of the art Technology. By the invention, i.e. a relaxation zone with shock-like Heating the thread, selectively only the tendency to cold shrink eliminate and preferably influence the warm shrink tendency.

It should be noted that the godet 54 is unheated and also the godet 16 does not necessarily have to be heated. In contrast to usual procedures in which all godets for stripping, stretching and relaxing the polypropylene thread are heated.

It should be added that one of the two godets 54 or 16 also e.g. can be heated at approx. 100 ° C to reduce the tendency to warm shrink deliberately reduce.

The process according to the invention is in the case of the usual polymers, ie especially polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polyamide (preferably PA6 or PA6.6, but also PA blends different PA types) applicable with success. With polypropylene with a narrow molecular weight distribution in the range less than 3, in particular Types made on the basis of metallocene become very good Results achieved. With these threads in particular, spinning is i.e. Spinning and stretching in one operation and in the same zone, as shown in Fig. 1, only possible, especially using a heating pipe.

It should be emphasized that this also has a beneficial effect can be that the thread is subjected to an additional steam treatment becomes. For this purpose, the heating device 8 is located directly at the entrance a superheated steam nozzle 23 is provided, through the superheated steam on the thread is blown. This superheated steam condenses on the previously cold one Thread out immediately and then evaporates. With the condensation the corresponding amount of heat supplied to the thread. On the other hand the subsequent evaporation prevents a very sudden heating up of thread. This gentle treatment of the thread could be beneficial and in any case leads to a reduction in the heat shrinkage. The heat shrink can be adjusted with this treatment. Nevertheless, the subsequent shock-like heat treatment entails high temperature to reduce cold shrinkage. The invention As far as can be seen, the effect does not depend on the Use the hot steam nozzle.

The heating device 8 shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c consists of a rail 114 made of a material and provided with two longitudinal grooves 112, which is heat resistant and scale resistant and temperatures in the range over 450 ° C for longer periods without any noteworthy changes he wears. The rail 114 consists essentially of one flat lower part 116, which represents the heating surface 117. With the The lower part is connected to three walls 118, 120, 122, between which the Longitudinal grooves 112 are. The lower part 116 can also have two or more than three upstanding walls, between which then have fewer or more grooves. The outer Walls 118 and 120 can be made with the lower part 116, for example Screw connection. Between walls 118 and 120 and the lower part 116 is each a heating element 124, 126, preferably in the form of a rod-shaped electrical resistance, which is extends over the entire length of the rail 114 or in length can also be divided into several sections to provide targeted heating profiles to enable. The heating elements 124, 126 are not shown Provide plug contacts for the connection with a power source.

The located between the outer walls 118, 122 and from the lower part 116 consists of either vertically protruding middle wall 120 from one piece or is like the outer walls 118, 120 with connected to the lower part 116.

Alternatively, rail 114 may be similar from an extruded profile Cross-section, in which the lower part 116 and walls 118, 120, 122 are formed in one piece and which for receiving Heating elements in a known manner with recesses, holes, bendable Rag or the like is provided.

In the rails 118, 120, 122 are A at regular intervals Recesses or bores 128 with essentially the same Recessed depth, namely those located in the middle wall 122 Recesses 128 with respect to the recesses 128 in the side walls 118 and 220 offset by a distance A. The recesses have a circular cylindrical shape. The recesses 128 are each of the longitudinal grooves 112 cut secantially so that the walls 118, 120, 122 a slot 133 located on the longitudinal grooves 112, i. H. a rectangular opening. In the illustrated embodiment the recesses are perpendicular to the groove base and correspond to their depth the height of the walls 118, 120, 122 receiving them. In certain circumstances it may be advantageous to use the recesses to slant.

In each of the recesses 128 there is a thread guide 132 Cross-sectional shape the cross-section of the recess in size and shape corresponds and fixed in order to comply with narrow tolerances, however rests with play on the recess wall. The one from the drawing recognizable distance between the wall of the holes and the outer surface the thread guide is exaggerated only for the sake of clarity shown. A part of a protrudes in the area of the respective slot 130 each thread guide 132 into the longitudinal grooves 112, in such a way that successively arranged on opposite sides of the grooves 112 Thread guide 132 to a certain extent, e.g. 0.1 to 1 mm, over a central plane running parallel to the walls 118, 120, 122 to step. Otherwise, the width of the slots 133 is smaller than that largest cross-sectional dimension, d. h .: as the diameter of the thread guide 132 so that they do not slide out of the recesses 128 can.

In the illustrated embodiment, both the recesses 128 as well as the thread guides 132 of circular cylindrical cross section. Other angular and rounded shapes, such as ellipses, rhombuses, triangles, etc. are conceivable. The embodiment has a correspondingly narrow lying tolerances fit between recesses 128 and Thread guides 132. Therefore, separate fasteners are unnecessary to secure the thread guides 132 against axial and radial displacements, which means a special effort resulting from the use of fasteners would be avoided. The embodiment 2 can also have game or transition fits. On the one hand, these fits are tight enough so that the thread guides lie immovably in their recesses. On the other hand, the fits are but also chosen far enough that the thread guides are not difficult pulled out their recesses and replaced or omitted can be. Metal caps are used to hold in the axial direction 152. For this purpose, the side walls 118, 120, 122 have on their upper edge Holding grooves 154 or a head 156 which is wider than the respective Wall. The sheet metal caps 152 have a cup-shaped cross section Profile, so that in the case of the central wall 120 into the holding grooves 154 protrude or in the case of the side walls 118, 120 the wall head Reach around 156. For the rest, the sheet metal caps are elongated Profiles formed, the length of which corresponds to the length of the heating rail. The thickness of the wall heads 156 or the position of the holding grooves 154 and the appropriate dimensioning of the metal caps is such that the Sheet metal caps fix the thread guides in the axial direction.

The thread guides consist of the usual materials such as silicon, Titanium or aluminum oxides or of nitrided or hard chrome-plated Steel or the like

Preferably, the thread guides 132 are in the area where they are from protrude from the recess slot 133 on their from the lower part 116 opposite ends beveled as shown at 134. Thereby form those in opposite walls 118 and 120, or 120 and 122 one behind the other thread guide 132 in the cross-sectional direction the heating device 8 each have a V-shaped groove 136, which makes it possible to a thread 138 in the stretched state without any special measures or precautions between the successive ones Thread guide 132 in one with respect to the heating surface 112 and the lower part 116 essentially vertical movement between the thread guides 132 to lead. There forms the contact with the contact surfaces Thread 132 then a zigzag thread path.

At the ends or at several other points (so in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2c) of the heating rail 114 with essentially the same distance there is a spacer 140 bridging the groove 112 in each case. These thread guide bodies have an upward thread guide surface on, which serves the distance between the thread and the Maintain the groove base. These rod-shaped spacers 140 are shown in FIG Cross bores anchored in the walls 118, 120, 122.

As shown, the heating device 8 can consist of two in the thread running direction consecutive rail sections 114a and 114b exist. These are of different lengths, but otherwise have the same cross-sectional shape. The purpose of such a two-part arrangement can be the heating device 8 different in different length ranges to heat the thread 138 at a property that meets its characteristics Treat heat profile. That means: It can also more than the two sections shown are applied. It is it is of particular importance that the angle that the two heating rails form each other at every processing point of the spinning and stretching machine is set identically so that on all processing points Threads of the same quality are generated. To attach the two A heating rail 158 is used for heating rails around a rail that is the length of the two heating rails. The The mounting rail has a U-shaped cross section. The heating rails are on the bottom of the mounting rail with spacers 160 attached. By dimensioning the spacers and their position relative to the heating rail, the inclination of the heating rail in the Set with respect to the straight mounting rail 158. Here the two heating rails have opposite inclinations and form together an obtuse angle. The mounting rail 158 thus serves on the one hand for the precise fastening of the two heating rails. Since the Fastening rail 158 has a U-shaped profile, but also encompasses it the two heating rails. Therefore, the mounting rail 158 also serves the temperature equalization over the length and width of the heating rails. The mounting rail is surrounded with insulation.

It has already been pointed out that rod-shaped spacers 140 can be provided that the longitudinal groove 112 on the groove bottom, d. H. of the Bridge heating surface 117 and the thread run in an exact Specify the distance to the base of the groove. Alternatively or additionally you can some or all of the thread guides 132 with a circumferential leading edge, e.g. B. a circumferential groove 142 (Fig.2a), the height of Groove base with the height specified by the guide bodies 140 the thread path is coordinated. In this way, the thread that is guided in the groove, through the side edges of the groove. The Circumferential grooves have the same depth over the circumference, so they are concentric to the thread guides 132. However, it is also possible to form the circumferential grooves with a varying depth over the course of the circumference, e.g. B. in that the groove base is circular cylindrical but is eccentrically cut to the thread guides 132. In this case is the possibility of fine adjustment by turning the thread guide the contact between thread 138 and thread guides 132 and the given zigzag thread run. To do this, the thread guides 132, for example, via a linkage connecting them (not shown) twist together and to the same extent.

Otherwise, the heating device is in an insulating box (not shown) housed in which they are in a heat-insulating material, e.g. Glass fibers, is embedded. The insulating box can be used with a Flap that allows it to be opened for access to offer the heater and insert the thread. It also serves the insulating box with its overlying the heater 110 Parts for axially fixing the thread guides 132 in the rail 114. The insulation box is provided with slots that align with the center plane and the bevels 134 of the thread guides 132 and align it allow a thread 138 to be treated between the thread guides 132 to bring. The slits are wear-resistant on their side walls Insulation plates provided.

Also the electrical ones required for the heating elements 124, 126 If necessary, contacts are accommodated in the insulating box.

It can be seen from all the design examples that the contact surfaces, with which the thread guides touch the thread, a relative have a large diameter. In contrast, the zigzag line has in which the thread through the overlap U of the successive Thread guide is guided, a relatively small amplitude relatively large distance A between two adjacent thread guides. This ensures that the wrap angle with which the thread the thread guides or the contact surfaces formed on them loops, is also small in total.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2b, the heating rail has on it from the side facing away from the longitudinal groove 112, two grooves, which are essentially lie below the thread guide grooves 112. Are in these grooves Heating elements 124 and 126 inserted. The heating elements are through a mounting plate 159 that extends the entire length of the heating rail stretches, clamped. The mounting plate also has this Grooves that surround the heating elements 124, 126. By loosening the Mounting plate 159, the heating elements 124, 126 can be easily replaced become.

The distance between the thread and the heating surface 117 is very small. Of the The distance is between 0.5 and 5 mm. Preferably is the upper value no more than 3.5 mm around a good heat transfer and to achieve an accurate, trouble-free temperature control. Out For practical reasons, the lower limit is 0.5 mm. This takes place at the correspondingly high temperature of the heating rail shock-like heating of more than 350 ° C. The thread guide 132 can at least partially be omitted or removed if they have a negative impact. On the one hand, they help to calm down of the thread, but hardly to a heating of the thread by Running contact with and on the other hand have only a low friction the thread due to the low wrap.

The main thing, however, is contact-free guidance in close proximity to the high-heated heating surface.

REFERENCE SIGN LIST

1

thread

2nd

Filling device

3rd

Extruder

4th

engine

5

Resistance heating

6

Melting line

7

Pressure sensor

8th

Heating device

9

Gear pump

10th

Spinning head, spinning box

11

Spinneret

12th

Filaments, filament strand

15

Cooling shaft

16

Godet

17th

Overflow roller

20th

Heating pipe

21

Godet

22

Overflow roller

23

Steam nozzle

24th

Heating device

25th

Head thread guide

26

Traverse triangle

27

first heating zone

28

second heating zone

29

Heating surface

30th

Winding up

31

Stretch heater

33

Kitchen sink

34

Winding spindle

35

Bobbin

44

Pump motor

45

Pump control

49

Engine control

50

Heating control

51

Airflow

54

Godet

55

Overflow roller

56

Thread guide

112

Longitudinal groove, heating groove

114

rail

116

Lower part

117

Heating surface

118

wall

120

partition wall

122

wall

124

Heating element

126

Heating element

128

Recess

130

slot

132

Thread guide, guide body

133

slot

134

Bevel

136

groove

138

thread

140

Thread guide, spacer

142

Circumferential groove

152

Metal flaps

154

Groove, conversion head

156

head

158

Mounting rail

159

Mounting plate

160

Spacers

Claims (30)

1. Process for spinning, drafting and spooling a synthetic thread, in which process the thread (1) is subjected, after the drafting operation and before the spooling operation, to a thermal treatment for the purpose of reducing the shrinking tendency,
   characterised in that
   the thermal treatment takes place through the fact that the thread (1) is guided, in close proximity but essentially without contact, along an elongated heating surface (117),
   that
   the surface temperature of the heating surface (117) is higher than the melting temperature of the thread (1),
      preferably higher than 100 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread (1), preferably between 200 and 300 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread (1),
   and that the thread (1) is subjected, in the process, to a thread tension which is lower than the thread tension necessary for plastic deformation,
      preferably not higher than 0.3 cN/dtex,
      preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 cN/dtex, the spooled thread (1) having a hot-shrinking tendency (shrinkage at the boil) of more than 3%.
2. Process according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the spooled thread (1) has a hot-shrinking tendency of 5 to 12%.
3. Process according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the spooled thread (1) has a hot-shrinking tendency of more than 12%, preferably more than 20%, and preferably in the range between 30 and 40%.
4. Process according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3,
   characterised in that
   the thread (1) is guided along the heating surface (117) by one or more short guide bodies (132) which are distributed along the heating section.
5. Process according to claim 1 or 4,
   characterised in that
   the thermal treatment takes place between a galette (16) and the winding-on system (30).
6. Process according to claim 1 or 4,
   characterised in that
   the thermal treatment takes place between two galettes (16, 54).
7. Process according to claim 5 or 6,
   characterised in that
   the galettes (16, 54) are unheated.
8. Process according to claim 1 or 4,
   characterised in that
   the thermal treatment takes place, without galettes, between the spinning box (10) and the winding-on system (30), the drawing-off speed being above 5000 m/min, preferably between 6000 and 7500 m/min.
9. Process according to one of the preceding claims
   characterised in that
   the synthetic thread (1) consists of polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate or polytrimethylene terephthalate.
10. Process according to one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that
    the synthetic thread (1) consists of a polyamide (PA6 or PA6.6 or a blend of different PA types).
11. Process according to one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that
    the synthetic thread (1) consists of a polypropylene.
12. Process according to one of claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that,
    after passing out of the spinning nozzle (11) and after the cooling operation but before the thermal treatment, the thread (1) is guided, in a contact-less manner, through an elongated heating zone in the form of a narrow heating tube (20) or a narrow heating groove (112), and drafted.
13. Process according to one of claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that
    the thread (1) is subjected, before the thermal treatment which serves to reduce the shrinking tendency, to a drafting operation, the said thread (1) being guided in this drafting zone, in close proximity but essentially without contact, along an elongated heating surface (29),
    the surface temperature of the heating surface (29) being higher than the melting temperature of the thread, preferably higher than 100 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread, preferably between 200 and 300 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread,
    and the thread tension leading to plastic deformation of the thread (1).
14. Process according to claim 13,
    characterised in that,
    on entering the drafting zone, the thread is guided over guide bodies (132) with partial wrapping-round.
15. Process according to claim 12,
    characterised in that,
    the thread (1) consists of polypropylene and that the said thread is first drafted in accordance with claim 12 and then subjected to a subsequent drafting operation in accordance with claim 13.
16. Process according to one of claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that,
    the thread (1) is drawn off at a speed of more than 5000 m/min from the spinning nozzle (11) and is thereby drafted simultaneously with the spinning operation, that the thread (1) is subjected, before the winding-on operation, to the thermal treatment at a point at which the thread is drafted, and that, in the process, the thread is essentially subjected to the thread tension with which the thread is drawn off from the spinning nozzle (11).
17. Process according to claim 16,
    characterised in that
    the thermal treatment takes place between two galettes (21, 54) around which the thread (1) partially wraps.
18. Process according to claim 17,
    characterised in that
    the thread (1) wraps around the galette (21 or 54) in an S-shaped manner.
19. Spinning, drawing-out and winding-on machine for spinning, drafting and winding-on a synthetic thread, in which machine the thread (1) is drawn off, out of the drawing-out zone, by means of an unheated galette (54) and, after the said galette (54), is warmed up by means of a heating apparatus (8) before being wound-on with a low thread tension,
    characterised in that
    the heating apparatus (8) has an elongated heating surface (117) with thread-guiders (132) by which the thread (1) is guided in a very largely contact-free manner but in close proximity to the heating surface (117),
    and that the heating surface (117) is regulated to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the thread (1), preferably higher than 100 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread, preferably between 200 and 300 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread.
20. Device according to claim 19,
    characterised in that
    the heating apparatus (8) is formed by a heating tube (20) which is heated from outside and encloses the run of thread and in which the thread (1) is guided in a contact-free manner.
21. Device according to claim 19,
    characterised in that
    the heating apparatus (8) is formed by an elongated U-shaped or V-shaped rail (114), in the longitudinal groove (112) of which the thread (1) is guided in an essentially contact-free manner.
22. Device according to one of claims 19 or 21,
    characterised in that
    the heating apparatus (8) is formed from a number of elongated U-shaped or V-shaped rails (114a, 114b).
23. Device according to claim 22,
    characterised in that
    the rails (114a, 114b) form an obtuse angle between them, and
    that thread guides (132), which serve to guide the thread (1) in the longitudinal groove (112) of the two rails in an essentially contact-free manner, are disposed in the region of the adjacent ends of the two rails (114a, 114b).
24. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22,
    characterised in that
    there is disposed, in the drafting zone, a drafting heating system (31) which is formed by an heating tube (20) which is heated from outside and encloses the run of thread and in which the thread (1) is guided in a contact-free manner.
25. Device according to claim 24,
    characterised in that
    the drafting heating system (31) has an elongated heating surface (117) with thread-guiders (132) by which the thread is guided in a largely contact-free manner but in close proximity to the heating surface (117),
    and that the heating surface (117) is regulated to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the thread (1), preferably higher than 100 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread (1), preferably between 200 and 300 kelvins above the melting temperature of the thread.
26. Device according to claim 25,
    characterised in that
    the drafting heating system (31) has, directly in the thread entry region, a number of thread-guiders (132) around which the thread partly wraps.
27. Device according to one of claims 19 to 26,
    characterised in that
    the drafting zone directly adjoins the spinning zone without the interposition of a drawing-off apparatus, galette or the like.
28. Device according to one of claims 19 to 27,
    characterised in that
    the thread (1) is drawn off out of the spinning zone by a drawing-off apparatus, galette (21) or the like, and conveyed into the drawing-out zone, and that the drawing-off apparatus is preferably unheated.
29. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22,
    characterised in that,
    the drafting zone lies in the spinning zone when spinning takes place at a speed of more than 5000 m/min, and that the heating apparatus (8) is disposed in front of the winding-on system but in the spinning zone.
30. Device according to claim 29,
    characterised in that
    the heating apparatus (8) is disposed between two galettes (16, 54).

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