EP0729162B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de contact électrique composite - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de contact électrique composite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0729162B1 EP0729162B1 EP19960400406 EP96400406A EP0729162B1 EP 0729162 B1 EP0729162 B1 EP 0729162B1 EP 19960400406 EP19960400406 EP 19960400406 EP 96400406 A EP96400406 A EP 96400406A EP 0729162 B1 EP0729162 B1 EP 0729162B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon fibers
- metal powder
- length
- ground
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000133 mechanosynthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a material of composite electrical contact, particularly suitable for circuit breakers, this material being based on powder of a metal which is a good electrical conductor such as silver, copper or their compounds, and comprising carbon fibers distributed in the matrix metallic. It also relates to the material obtained by this process.
- Such materials are commonly used to make pellets of contact in electromechanical devices such as circuit breakers or switches.
- the primary function of carbon or graphite present in the metallic matrix is to reduce the risk of contact soldering.
- the presence of graphite leads to increased mechanical and / or electrical erosion of the material.
- the object of the invention is therefore to avoid the drawbacks described and to allow a simple metalcarbon composite contact material to be produced with a fine, homogeneous and isotropic structure suitable for application in circuit breakers, this material showing good resistance to erosion both under nominal current and under short-circuit current, as well as a behavior satisfactory anti-welding and low and stable contact resistance.
- carbon is therefore exclusively present in the form of short carbon fiber residues, the statistical distribution of length is centered on the aforementioned final average value, which are distributed from homogeneously in the metallic matrix.
- the material shows good anti-welding behavior and low and stable contact resistance, at the same time time that, thanks to the semi-crystalline structure proper to all the elements carbonaceous materials inserted in the metallic matrix, low erosion under nominal current or under short circuit current.
- the compromise between these qualities is determined between others by the choice of the final average length of the fiber residues, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
- This powder is essentially a silver powder, or copper, or their alloys, of usual grain size, with possibly additives such as nickel, tungsten, titanium nitride, carbide tungsten or the like.
- Mixing the metal powder with crushed carbon fibers are carried out in a dry process in a mechanical mixer blades in step 20 until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which then undergoes unit compression 30, then sintering 40, so as to obtain a structure of isotropic material.
- the carbon fibers of the trade are mixed directly cold and dry with the metal powder in a mechanosynthesis step 21, for example in a ball mill or a planetary mill, such as the aforementioned grinding of the fibers takes place concomitant with mixing with metallic powder.
- the homogeneous mixture undergoes then, as before, unit compression 30 and sintering 40.
- Example graphite fibers, with an initial average length of 300 ⁇ m, undergo attrition in a ball mill until residual fibers of an average length of less than 20 ⁇ m are obtained and are mixed in a weight proportion of 2 to 5% with silver powder.
- the weldability of the final material obtained is excellent and its erosion in electrical endurance is very low.
- FIG. 4 shows on a 280 scale a micrograph of the surface of the material after a 12 kA breaking test at 250 V; it can be seen that the contact surface retains after breaking under short-circuit current its fine, homogeneous and isotropic structure of fiber residues 50 of variable length and any orientation in the silver matrix 51.
- the material described is particularly suitable for use in circuit breakers.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Description
- les fibres de carbone, dont la longueur initiale a une valeur moyenne prédéterminée, subissent un traitement mécanique d'attrition ou de broyage,
- les conditions de broyage sont déterminées de manière à engendrer des résidus de fibres de carbone broyées dont la longueur finale est répartie statistiquement de manière prédéterminée autour d'une valeur moyenne significativement inférieure à la valeur moyenne initiale,
- le mélange des résidus de fibres broyées à la poudre métallique est tel qu'ils sont distribués de manière isotrope dans le matériau.
- La figure 1 est un diagramme illustrant les différentes étapes du procédé selon l'invention.
- La figure 2 en illustre une variante.
- La figure 3 montre la répartition statistique des longueurs de fibres de carbone avant et après broyage.
- La figure 4 est une micrographie de la surface du matériau après coupure sous courant de court-circuit.
Claims (5)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de contact électrique à base d'une poudre de métal bon conducteur électrique tel que l'argent, le cuivre ou leurs composés, par mélange de fibres de carbone à la poudre métallique, puis compression du mélange et frittage,
caractérisé par le fait que :les fibres de carbone, dont la longueur initiale a une valeur moyenne prédéterminée (L1), sont soumises à un traitement mécanique de broyage, dans un broyeur,les conditions de broyage sont déterminées de manière à engendrer des résidus de fibres broyées dont la longueur finale est répartie autour d'une valeur moyenne (L2) significativement inférieure à la valeur moyenne initiale (L1).le mélange des résidus de fibres broyées à la poudre métallique est tel qu'ils sont distribués de manière isotrope dans le matériau. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la longueur initiale moyenne (L1) des fibres de carbone est comprise entre environ 100 µm et environ 800 µm et que la longueur moyenne finale (L2) des résidus de fibres de carbone broyées est inférieure à environ 20 µm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le mélange des fibres de carbone avec la poudre métallique est effectué sec.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le broyage des fibres de carbone est effectué avant leur mélange à la poudre métallique.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le broyage des fibres de carbone est effectué de manière concomitante au mélange avec la poudre métallique par mécanosynthèse.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9502343A FR2731106A1 (fr) | 1995-02-27 | 1995-02-27 | Procede de fabrication d'un materiau de contact electrique composite |
FR9502343 | 1995-02-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0729162A1 EP0729162A1 (fr) | 1996-08-28 |
EP0729162B1 true EP0729162B1 (fr) | 1999-07-28 |
Family
ID=9476600
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19960400406 Expired - Lifetime EP0729162B1 (fr) | 1995-02-27 | 1996-02-26 | Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau de contact électrique composite |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0729162B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69603387T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2135179T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2731106A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1655749A1 (fr) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-10 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Pastille de contact destinée à un contact électrique mobile de disjoncteur, contact électrique mobile possédant une telle pastille et disjoncteur comportant un tel contact |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2842019B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-09-24 | Alstom | Element de contact d'arc pour appareillage electrique, son procede de fabrication, ensemble de contact et appareillage electrique correspondants |
DE10346206A1 (de) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kontaktoberflächen für elektrische Kontakte |
US20070145097A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Intel Corporation | Carbon nanotubes solder composite for high performance interconnect |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2568417B1 (fr) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-11-28 | Lorraine Carbone | Procede de fabrication de contacts electriques et contacts obtenus. |
JPS62284031A (ja) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-12-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電気接点材料及びその製造方法 |
US4699763A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1987-10-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit breaker contact containing silver and graphite fibers |
DE4111683A1 (de) * | 1991-04-10 | 1992-10-22 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | Werkstoff fuer elektrische kontakte aus silber mit kohlenstoff |
-
1995
- 1995-02-27 FR FR9502343A patent/FR2731106A1/fr active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-02-26 ES ES96400406T patent/ES2135179T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-26 DE DE1996603387 patent/DE69603387T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-26 EP EP19960400406 patent/EP0729162B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1655749A1 (fr) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-10 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Pastille de contact destinée à un contact électrique mobile de disjoncteur, contact électrique mobile possédant une telle pastille et disjoncteur comportant un tel contact |
US7598832B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2009-10-06 | Schneider Elecric Industries Sas | Contact pad designed for a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker, movable electrical contact having such a pad and circuit breaker comprising such a contact |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69603387D1 (de) | 1999-09-02 |
EP0729162A1 (fr) | 1996-08-28 |
DE69603387T2 (de) | 1999-11-18 |
FR2731106A1 (fr) | 1996-08-30 |
ES2135179T3 (es) | 1999-10-16 |
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