EP0724817B1 - Location updating in a cellular radio network - Google Patents

Location updating in a cellular radio network Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0724817B1
EP0724817B1 EP94929571A EP94929571A EP0724817B1 EP 0724817 B1 EP0724817 B1 EP 0724817B1 EP 94929571 A EP94929571 A EP 94929571A EP 94929571 A EP94929571 A EP 94929571A EP 0724817 B1 EP0724817 B1 EP 0724817B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
location area
location
subscriber equipment
cell
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94929571A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0724817A1 (en
Inventor
Hanna-Maria Kauppi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Oyj
Original Assignee
Nokia Oyj
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Nokia Oyj filed Critical Nokia Oyj
Publication of EP0724817A1 publication Critical patent/EP0724817A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0724817B1 publication Critical patent/EP0724817B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • H04W60/04—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration using triggered events
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cellular radio network wherein each cell broadcasts one or more location area identifiers or identifiers adapted to be used as such, and which comprises mobile subscriber equipment capable of moving so that the location data of the mobile subscriber equipment is stored with an accuracy of a location area consisting of one or more cells in the cellular radio network.
  • the invention also relates to subscriber equipment to be used in this type of cellular radio network and to a method for carrying out a location updating of the subscriber equipment in the network.
  • base stations constantly broadcast information on themselves and on their neighborhood.
  • This kind of information can include for instance a location area identifier, base station identifier, base station type identifier and so-called neighboring cell information.
  • a mobile radio station While being registered in a base station of a cell, a mobile radio station also monitors the quality of the transmission from the base stations indicated in the neighboring cell information broadcast from said base station, and switches to one of these base stations if the signal strength of the current base station weakens.
  • the cellular radio network usually knows the location of a mobile radio station with an accuracy of a so-called location area, which includes a suitable number of predetermined cells with their respective base stations.
  • the location area information broadcast from the base station indicates to the mobile radio station which location area the cell belongs to.
  • the mobile radio station When the mobile radio station changes cell within the same location area, no location updating to the cellular radio network is required. Instead, when the mobile radio station observes that the location area changes as it switches to a new base station, it initiates a location updating by transmitting a location updating request to the cellular radio network. As a result of this location updating request, the cellular radio network stores the new location of the mobile radio station in subscriber location registers.
  • EP-A-2-0505106 discloses a cellular telephone system having a microcell layer and a macrocell layer.
  • the macrocell and microcell layers have different location area configurations. If the location of a mobile radio station is known with an accuracy of a location area only, it is necessary to page the mobile station via all the cells within the location area in order to set up a mobile-terminating call. This causes considerable signalling load especially on the radio path but also in the radio network between the exchange and the base stations. The amount of signalling due to subscriber paging is thus in direct proportion to the size of location areas.
  • the mobility behaviour of individual users in a cellular radio network can vary very much. Some users frequently move across the typical location area boundaries while others stay normally within a very small part of the location area. Thus, instead of using the same location areas for all subscribers, it would be possible to optimize subscriber pagings and to better distribute the signalling relating to location updatings to different parts of the cellular network if location areas of different sizes were applied with regard to different users.
  • the object of the invention is to enable a flexible use of location areas of different sizes with regard to different users in a cellular radio network.
  • Another aspect of the invention is subscriber equipment for a cellular radio network according to claim 4.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention is a method for carrying out a location updating in a cellular radio system according to claim 8.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that several coincident logical location area levels, that are hierarchical with respect to location area size, are used in the cellular radio network, or at least in part of it. Location area density is thus different at different location area levels; in other words, large location areas are used at some location area levels whereas small location areas are in use at others, correspondingly. Users/terminal equipments may either have a relatively fixed allocation to certain location area levels, or the terminal equipment may dynamically select the location area level appropriate at a given moment. As regards mobile-terminating calls, subscriber paging can be directed within an area of a suitable size, because the location of the terminal equipment is updated for the most accurate possible location area level applicable to a mobile station.
  • stationary or low-mobility subscriber stations may use dense location area levels (small location areas), and fast-moving subscriber stations may use larger location area levels (large location areas).
  • the invention offers the possibility of applying location areas of different sizes to different users/subscriber stations, and the location area boundaries of different location area levels are distributed in different ways, the amount of signalling in the cellular radio network radio due to simultaneous location updatings can be equalized, because location updatings are not carried out for all subscriber stations in the area of the same base stations. This is a significant property as the invention is compared to location updating in the present-day cellular networks, in which the entire network is divided into location areas existing at a single level.
  • the location updating is carried out for all network users at the same location area boundaries, which causes significant signalling load.
  • the present invention can be applied in connection with any cellular radio system, such as the digital GSM mobile phone system, NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), DCS1800, PCN (Personal Communication Network), UMC (Universal Mobile Communication), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), FPLMTS (Futute Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System), etc.
  • cellular radio system such as the digital GSM mobile phone system, NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), DCS1800, PCN (Personal Communication Network), UMC (Universal Mobile Communication), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), FPLMTS (Futute Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System), etc.
  • the geographical area covered by the network in cellular radio networks is divided into smaller separate radio areas, i.e. cells, in such a manner that while in cell C, a mobile radio station MS communicates with the network via a fixed radio station located in the cell, i.e. a base station BS, as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Mobile radio stations MS included in the system can freely move within the system area from a cell to another.
  • the cellular radio network must, however, know the location of the mobile radio station MS in order to be able to route mobile-terminating calls to the MS or to page it for some other reason.
  • the cellular radio network knows the location of the MS with an accuracy of an area consisting of one or more cells, this area being generally called a location area.
  • the base stations of the cellular network constantly broadcast information on themselves or their neighborhood, such as location area identifier LAI, base station identifier BSI, base station type identifier BSTI and so-called neighboring cell information.
  • the MS registered in a cell recognizes those neighboring cells the base-station transmission of which the MS should monitor.
  • the MS registers into the best of these monitored neighboring base stations.
  • the location area identifier of the base station indicates to the MS which location area the base station BS belongs to. If the MS observes that the location area identifier LAI changes as the base station BS is changed, i.e. that the location area changes, the MS initiates a location updating by transmitting a location updating request to the cellular radio network. If the location area does not change when the base station changes, no location updating is carried out by the MS.
  • the location updating initiates the subscriber data updating of the subscriber concerned in the subscriber location register(s) of the cellular network.
  • the cellular radio network comprises at least a home location register HLR, visitor location registers VLR, mobile exchanges MSC and base station controllers BSC, which are connected to the base stations BS of the network, as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the location area data of the subscriber is stored in the visitor location register VLR, of which there are typically one for each mobile exchange MSC, whereas the HLR knows the VLR within the area of which the subscriber is located.
  • the structure and operation of the GSM system are further described in GSM specifications and in "The GSM system for Mobile Communications", M. Mouly & M-B. Pautet, Palaiseau, France, ISBN: 2-9507190-0-7.
  • each service area has its own visitor location register VLR, which is connected to the mobile exchange MSC of the service area concerned.
  • Figure 1 illustrates two service areas, one of which comprises a mobile exchange MSC1 and a visitor location register VLR1 and the other of which comprises a mobile exchange MSC2 and a visitor location register VLR2.
  • the MSC1 controls the base station controller BSC1, which in turn controls the base stations BS of cells C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6.
  • Each base station BS communicates by means of a bidirectional radio link with the mobile stations MS in the corresponding cell.
  • Figure 1 shows only one mobile station MS, located in the cell C3.
  • each cell is fixedly allocated to only one location area. This will cause many problems related to location updating and subscriber paging, which have been referred to earlier in the description.
  • the cellular radio network is divided into several coincident location area levels, which are hierarchical with respect to location area size.
  • Figure 1 illustrates three location area levels I, II and III, but the number of location area levels can vary if need be.
  • Each of the cells C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 belongs to one location area at each location area level I, II and III.
  • all six cells C1-C6 constitute one location area LA1 (L1).
  • the location area structure is denser and the location area size smaller in such a manner that the cells C1, C2 and C3 constitute a location area LA1 (L2), and the cells C4, C5 and C6 constitute another location area LA2 (L2).
  • the location area structure is even denser and the location area size smaller in such a manner that the cells C1 and C2 constitute a location area LA1 (LA3), the cells C3 and C4 constitute another location area LA2 (L3), and the cells C5 and C6 constitute a third location area LA3 (L3).
  • the location area configuration becomes thus more accurate in switching from the location area level I to the level II and further to the level III.
  • the location area levels are thus hierarchical with respect to location area size. It is preferable to assume that the location area level I be a so-called primary level with the largest possible location areas.
  • the primary level is preferably for instance the location area configuration used in present-day networks, and the location area configuration becomes denser in switching to lower levels. This is a recommendable solution, because the operation according to the invention is thus independent of the number of location area levels.
  • the cell C3 for instance belongs simultaneously to the location area LA1 (L1) at the level I, to the location area LA1 (L2) at the level II, and to the location area LA2 (L3) at the level III.
  • the base station of the cell C3 thus simultaneously broadcasts the location area identifiers LA1 (L1), LA1 (L2) and LA2 (L3) related to all the levels I, II and III.
  • the mobile station MS located in the cell C3 receives constantly location area information on all the logical location area levels I

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP94929571A 1993-10-20 1994-10-19 Location updating in a cellular radio network Expired - Lifetime EP0724817B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI934629 1993-10-20
FI934629A FI97932C (fi) 1993-10-20 1993-10-20 Solukkoradioverkko, tilaajalaite solukkoradioverkkoa varten sekä menetelmä sijainnin päivityksen suorittamiseksi solukkoradioverkossa
PCT/FI1994/000469 WO1995011577A1 (en) 1993-10-20 1994-10-19 Location updating in a cellular radio network

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0724817A1 EP0724817A1 (en) 1996-08-07
EP0724817B1 true EP0724817B1 (en) 2003-04-16

Family

ID=8538806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94929571A Expired - Lifetime EP0724817B1 (en) 1993-10-20 1994-10-19 Location updating in a cellular radio network

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5832381A (fi)
EP (1) EP0724817B1 (fi)
JP (1) JPH09507005A (fi)
CN (1) CN1080076C (fi)
AT (1) ATE237912T1 (fi)
AU (1) AU684842B2 (fi)
DE (1) DE69432520T2 (fi)
ES (1) ES2194875T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI97932C (fi)
HK (1) HK1011497A1 (fi)
PT (1) PT724817E (fi)
WO (1) WO1995011577A1 (fi)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI934629A0 (fi) 1993-10-20
FI97932C (fi) 1997-03-10
ATE237912T1 (de) 2003-05-15
JPH09507005A (ja) 1997-07-08
CN1133668A (zh) 1996-10-16
HK1011497A1 (en) 1999-07-09
AU7857494A (en) 1995-05-08
EP0724817A1 (en) 1996-08-07
ES2194875T3 (es) 2003-12-01
FI934629A (fi) 1995-04-21
DE69432520D1 (de) 2003-05-22
PT724817E (pt) 2003-08-29
WO1995011577A1 (en) 1995-04-27
FI97932B (fi) 1996-11-29
US5832381A (en) 1998-11-03
CN1080076C (zh) 2002-02-27
AU684842B2 (en) 1998-01-08
DE69432520T2 (de) 2004-01-29

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