EP0723044B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes aus Milchsäure - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes aus Milchsäure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0723044B1
EP0723044B1 EP95470033A EP95470033A EP0723044B1 EP 0723044 B1 EP0723044 B1 EP 0723044B1 EP 95470033 A EP95470033 A EP 95470033A EP 95470033 A EP95470033 A EP 95470033A EP 0723044 B1 EP0723044 B1 EP 0723044B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibres
fixing
heating
polymers
calendering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95470033A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0723044A2 (de
EP0723044A3 (de
Inventor
Philippe Ehret
Philippe Guipouy
Kimmo Lahtenkorva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fiberweb France SAS
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Fiberweb France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0723044A3 publication Critical patent/EP0723044A3/de
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Publication of EP0723044B1 publication Critical patent/EP0723044B1/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/556—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by infrared heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • a method of manufacturing a web of nonwoven based on polylactides A method of manufacturing a web of nonwoven based on polylactides.
  • Nonwovens are often made by a process of manufacturing called “spund-bond” (SB) from fibers of polymers not biodegradable because the use of biodegradable compounds such as lactic acids leads to nonwovens whose mechanical qualities and stability are currently poorly controlled.
  • SB laminate-bond
  • biodegradable polymers for example polyhydroxybutyrate / valerate copolymers (PHB / V), (Zeneca Bio Products: BIOPOL), polycaprolactones (PCL), (Union Carbide: TONE, Interox Chemicals: CAPA), several polymers with starch base or starch derivatives (Warner-Lambert: NOVON), polymers based on polyglygolide acid (PGA), polymers based on polylactides (PLA), (Boehringer Ingelheim: RESOMER) and others biodegradable polyesters.
  • PHB / V polyhydroxybutyrate / valerate copolymers
  • BIOPOL BIOPOL
  • PCL polycaprolactones
  • CAPA Union Carbide: TONE, Interox Chemicals: CAPA
  • NOVON starch base or starch derivatives
  • PGA polyglygolide acid
  • PLA polymers based on polylactides
  • RESOMER ReSOMER
  • the polyactide (called PLA) or its derivatives (type L and D or copolymers) is potentially one of the most degradable polymers, because it has good mechanical properties, totally degradable, that degradable products are materials natural, that the duration of degradation is flexible, that matter first comes from renewable sources such as sugar beet or whey and it can be incinerated without problem. he can be extruded in the form of a film (European patent application no. 92304269.1, 05-12-1992, MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc.) or product bulky and can be injection molded.
  • heat stabilizer makes it recyclable and ultimately it can be melted and extruded, and therefore it is suitable for making non-woven fabrics intended for hygiene, as described in the patents French 9309649, 02.08.1993, and European 944700186, FIBERWEB SODOCA and Japanese patent application 134425 dated 04.06.1993, MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS Inc.
  • polymers derived from polylactides vary depending on the type of polymer (type L or D), the residual amount of monomer (lactide) and, in the case of L / D copolymers, of the ratio of units L and D.
  • the most widely used process for making nonwovens is the process known as "spun-bond” abbreviated as SB for the rest of the text.
  • SB spun-bond
  • the polymer is melted and extruded using a screw extruder single or double, then routed to the spinning pump (s), which are usually gear pumps. Frequently, a filter and a static mixer are placed before the pumps.
  • the flow of molten polymer is routed through the filter to the die, which has a series small dies (0 0.2 to 2.0 mm), normally on the order of several thousands.
  • the polymer is spun through the die and delivered to cooling and stretching sections. Cooling can be carried out by cooled air and the stretching is carried out by a suction of air or air forced through the stretching section.
  • the stretching section may have a wide slit or several smaller slots or nozzles.
  • the fibers In the stretching section, the fibers have a decreasing diameter and take an oriented structure.
  • the stretch ratio is generally from 1.1 to 20 times.
  • the titer of the fibers In the process SB, the titer of the fibers is of the order of 0.5 to 20 dtex.
  • the spinning section is followed by a removal section where the fibers are deposited randomly on a carpet.
  • the mat carries the fibers to the grille.
  • the weight / m2 can be adjusted according to the speed of the mat.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an installation of implementation of a known SB process (for example S-Tex) comprising mainly: (1) a hopper, (2) an extruder, (2 ') a screw, (3') a die, (4) a mat, (5) a welding calender, (6) a means of guiding the web and winding tension adjustment, (7) a means winding, (9) a fiber cooling unit, (11) a nozzle drawing (11 ') drawing suction.
  • a known SB process for example S-Tex
  • Spinning in the SB process generates PLA fibers with very oriented structure (high stretch, rapid cooling).
  • amorphous phase is well oriented and has a high internal tension, and the fibers tend to shrink using temperatures above Tg (temperature glass transition), (Ahamad Y.A. Khan et al. "Meltprocessing of poly (lactide) resin into monwowvens ", TANDEC, University of Tennessee).
  • the crystallinity and the state of the amorphous phase have an effect considerable on the properties of the water table. If the crystallinity is too high, the water table becomes fragile and if the amorphous phase contains a internal tension (high orientation rate) it will shrink to high temperatures.
  • PLA tends to stick at temperatures between 70 and 100 ° C. It is difficult to remove the PLA deposited on the rollers grille when this bonding is associated with simultaneous shrinking. The calendering at high temperatures (> 100 ° C) increases crystallinity considerably (very slow cooling), which results in less elongation.
  • the main object of the invention is to propose a method for the manufacture of a spun-bond nonwoven (called SB) based on polylactides, which is biodegradable and has characteristics identical to those of conventional polyolefins nonwovens.
  • SB spun-bond nonwoven
  • the method according to the invention is intended to improve the mechanical properties of nonwoven based polylactides and stabilize it to avoid shrinkage caused by high temperatures.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to fix or to adjust the criticality rate and the internal tension of the fiber making up the PLA-based nonwoven web.
  • a method according to the invention applies to the manufacture by "spun-bond" of a nonwoven, exclusively composed of polylactides say that all the filaments that compose it are made entirely of a polymer derived from lactic acid, or a mixture of polymers derived from lactic acid, or a copolymer derived from lactic acid.
  • the polymer is derived from an acid lactic L or D.
  • the mixture of polymers is a blend of polymers derived from acid L and derived from acid D.
  • the filaments of the nonwoven are derived from L and D lactic acids (copolymers).
  • a method according to the invention is characterized in that it includes a fixing-adjustment treatment of the rate of crystallinity and internal tension of the fibers making up the non-woven tablecloth.
  • Processing fixation-adjustment consists of a biaxial fixation following the calendering, then heating at low temperature followed by cooling, said heating can be achieved by any means suitable, for example in an oven or by infrared radiation.
  • the originality of the process according to the invention is that it comprises at least one treatment for fixing or adjusting the rate of crystallinity and internal tension of the fiber composing the sheet of PLA-based nonwoven.
  • This fixing-adjustment step is carried out as follows: 1) After calendering in a calender (16) and fixing in (12) at low temperatures (see FIG. 2), the welded sheet (15) (at biaxial tension) is subjected to a temperature control in heating means ( 13) then cooled in cooling means (14).
  • the sheet is fixed biaxially after calendering and heated in an oven for 10 to 60 seconds at a temperature varying from 80 ° C to 150 ° C, or heated for a few seconds (0.5 to 10 s) by a IR generator at a temperature varying from 80 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • These treatments can be performed online continuously or in post treatment.
  • Temperature control according to one or other of the heating variants (3) has the effect of releasing the internal tension and increase the rate of crystallinity. There is therefore a higher elongation and resistance and the web no longer shrinks.
  • Heating time and temperature must be chosen precisely, to avoid embrittlement of the water table due to temperature too high.
  • the method according to the invention realizes an installation for the manufacture of a nonwoven web from polymers of the type comprising means for spinning the polymers, cooling, drawing, depositing fibers on a carpet, for welding said fibers by calendering to form a sheet (15, 17), characterized in that it further comprises means for fixation-adjustment treatment of the crystallinity rate and the internal tension of fibers making up the sheet (15, 17).
  • the processing means of fixing-adjustment consists of biaxial fixing means (15) and in heating means (13) taken from the group (radiation oven infrared).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes aus geschmolzenen Polymerfasern, welches den Schritt des Verspinnens des Polymers oder der Polymere, des Abkühlens, des Verstreckens, des Ablegens der Fasern auf eine Bahn und des Verschweißens der Fasern durch Kalandrieren zum Zwecke der Bildung eines Stoffes (15, 17) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es desweiteren eine Behandlung zur Bindung und Einstellung des Anteils der Kristallisation und der inneren Spannung der den Vliesstoff bildenden Fasern aufweist, wobei die genannte Behandlung zur Bindung und Einstellung in einer biaxialen Bindung nach dem Kalandrieren, einer Aufheizung mit niedrigen Temperaturen und einem anschließenden Abkühlen besteht.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Beheizen ein Heizen für eine Dauer von 10 bis 60 s in einem Ofen bei Temperaturen zwischen 80°C und 150°C ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Beheizen ein Heizen während einiger Sekunden durch Infrarotstrahlung bei Temperaturen zwischen 80°C und 150°C ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil der Kristallisation erhöht ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere Spannung der Fasern vermindert ist.
  6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes aus geschmolzenen Polymerfasern, welches den Schritt des Verspinnens des Polymers oder der Polymere, des Abkühlens, des Verstreckens, des Ablegens der Fasern auf eine Bahn und des Verschweißens der Fasern durch Kalandrieren zum Zwecke der Bildung eines Stoffes (15, 17) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin Behandlungsmittel zur Bindung und Einstellung des Anteils der Kristallisation und der inneren Spannung der den Vliesstoff (15, 17) bildenden Fasern aufweist, wobei die genannten Behandlungsmittel zur Bindung und Einstellung biaxiale Bindungsmittel (15) sind und die Beheizungsmittel (13) gewählt wurden aus der Gruppe der Öfen oder Infrarotstrahler.
EP95470033A 1994-10-12 1995-10-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes aus Milchsäure Expired - Lifetime EP0723044B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9412332 1994-10-12
FR9412332A FR2725731B1 (fr) 1994-10-12 1994-10-12 Procede de fabrication d'un non-tisse a base d'acide lactique et non-tisse obtenu

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0723044A2 EP0723044A2 (de) 1996-07-24
EP0723044A3 EP0723044A3 (de) 1996-09-04
EP0723044B1 true EP0723044B1 (de) 2000-02-09

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EP95470033A Expired - Lifetime EP0723044B1 (de) 1994-10-12 1995-10-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes aus Milchsäure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5833787A (de)
EP (1) EP0723044B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH09170152A (de)
AT (1) ATE189710T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2160313A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69515017T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0723044T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2145242T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2725731B1 (de)

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US7994078B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2011-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High strength nonwoven web from a biodegradable aliphatic polyester
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CA2727701A1 (en) 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Biocompatible hydrophilic compositions
EP2291558B1 (de) * 2008-06-12 2017-07-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Schmelzgeblasene feinfasern und herstellungsverfahren
DE102008033520A1 (de) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Scambia Industrial Developments Aktiengesellschaft Wind-, Sicht- oder Lichtschutzelement
US9487893B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2016-11-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
AU2010330866A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-07-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs, melt blown fine fibers, and methods of making and using the same
MX347302B (es) * 2009-12-17 2017-04-21 3M Innovative Properties Company * Telas fibrosas no tejidas dimensionalmente estables y metodos para fabricar y utilizar las mismas.
JP5704829B2 (ja) * 2010-03-25 2015-04-22 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 ポリ乳酸系エアスルー不織布の製造方法、及びポリ乳酸系エアスルー不織布
TW201221714A (en) 2010-10-14 2012-06-01 3M Innovative Properties Co Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
CN109371481B (zh) * 2018-09-12 2021-04-13 山东华纶新材料有限公司 一种智能化的多功能涤纶纤维的生产设备

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0723044A2 (de) 1996-07-24
DE69515017T2 (de) 2000-11-02
ATE189710T1 (de) 2000-02-15
JPH09170152A (ja) 1997-06-30
EP0723044A3 (de) 1996-09-04
FR2725731A1 (fr) 1996-04-19
US5833787A (en) 1998-11-10
DE69515017D1 (de) 2000-03-16
FR2725731B1 (fr) 1996-12-13
ES2145242T3 (es) 2000-07-01
CA2160313A1 (fr) 1996-04-13
DK0723044T3 (da) 2000-07-24

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