EP0720663B1 - Procede de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnetique de produits metallurgiques galvanises - Google Patents

Procede de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnetique de produits metallurgiques galvanises Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0720663B1
EP0720663B1 EP94922281A EP94922281A EP0720663B1 EP 0720663 B1 EP0720663 B1 EP 0720663B1 EP 94922281 A EP94922281 A EP 94922281A EP 94922281 A EP94922281 A EP 94922281A EP 0720663 B1 EP0720663 B1 EP 0720663B1
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Prior art keywords
enclosure
electroplating
dimensioning
flow
products
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94922281A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0720663A1 (fr
Inventor
José Delot
Gérald Sanchez
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Sntn-Developpement Sa
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Delot Process SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C23C2/24—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using magnetic or electric fields

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for dimensioning a galvanizing enclosure provided with a device for magnetic wiping of galvanized metallurgical products, in particular usable within the framework of a continuous galvanizing process.
  • the thickness deposited is then conditioned by that of the liquid film which is drained by the metallurgical product when it is pulled out of the liquid bath, a usable approximation being, in this case, that established by Landau and Levitch in an article referenced Acta Physicochimica USSR Vol 17, n ° 1-2, 1942: "Dragging of a liquid by a moving plate”.
  • patent FR-2 410 247 in the name of JOHN LYSAGHT AUSTRALIA LIMITED a similar device is shown but the geometries are different from those used in the previous patent with, in addition, pulsation frequencies of the magnetic field preferably established around 30 kHz.
  • ARBED described in patent BE-882,069, it is envisaged, among other things, to use a sliding electromagnetic field acting on the excess of liquid metal entrained by a sheet leaving a galvanizing bath.
  • patent DE-2 023 900 in the name of ASEA
  • the set of wiping possibilities outside the galvanizing bath is shown (fixed longitudinal, transverse alternating field or sliding field).
  • the galvanizing enclosure has orifices d 'inlet and outlet aligned with the movement of the products to be treated, the upper level of the covering liquid bath being situated above said orifices; therefore, it is necessary to provide sealing devices responsible for compensating for the hydrostatic pressure which tends, if not, to cause said liquid to flow outside the enclosure.
  • a continuous or alternative magnetic induction of a type generally used for magnetic wiping, can, by an identical physical mechanism, help to retain at least partially the liquid in the enclosure.
  • the present invention relates first of all to a method for dimensioning a galvanizing enclosure provided with at least one sealing and / or wiping device on the side from which the metallurgical products having passed through a liquid covering bath contained in said enclosure, said device preferably being an inducing element arranged for this purpose around an outlet channel of the enclosure to produce a transverse, alternating and sliding electromagnetic field, at the surface of said products, characterized in that it consists in calculating or verifying, mainly from: the transverse dimensions of said enclosure, its axial length, the cross section of said products, their speed, the dynamic viscosity of said covering liquid, its pressure in the enclosure, the transverse dimensions of the outlet channel of the enclosure, the speed of movement of the electrom agnetic sliding and its intensity in said liquid, and finally a parameter representative of the possible roughness of metallurgical products, the conditions for which the lengths of Duvet respectively associated with the flow of the covering liquid in the enclosure and in its outlet channel remain below the critical values beyond which said flows become clearly turbulent.
  • Couette flow is that which characterizes an incompressible and viscous fluid, conductive or not, located between two parallel plates assumed to be infinite, one of which is set in motion parallel to itself; the purpose of Couette's hydrodynamic calculation is to establish the parameters governing the profile of the velocities of the flow between the two plates, complications which can occur depending on the roughness of the surfaces in contact with the fluid; one speaks of a flow in shear.
  • the thickness of the laminar or turbulent boundary layer of the flow at the entrance to the outlet channel of the galvanizing enclosure must be kept below a limit value beyond which it n is no longer possible to control increase.
  • the dimensioning of the sealing and / or wiping device of the galvanizing enclosure can be '' express via dimensionless numbers usual in magnetohydrodynamics, namely the magnetic Reynolds number, the interaction parameter, the Hartmann number as well as two parameters related to the geometry of the sliding alternating magnetic field which is chosen to create the Lorenz magnetic force (s) inside the flow.
  • the solution posed by the invention goes first of all in the direction of a reduction in the length of the galvanizing enclosure which, depending on its transverse dimensions and the speed of the product, must remain less at the hydrodynamic quilt length of the flow.
  • This rule is moreover not contradictory with the conditions notably laid down in patent FR-2 323 772 in the name of Jose DELOT; in this last patent, it is indeed demonstrated that the use of a short galvanizing enclosure and of small volume is sufficient to obtain a correct metallurgical reaction between the product to be treated and the covering liquid, provided that the product to be galvanized has been pickled, heated and maintained in a controlled atmosphere at least upstream of the galvanizing enclosure.
  • the flow in the outlet zone of the galvanizing bath is close to the normally laminar flow which exists at the level the exit of processed products in vertical galvanizing installations; which simply means that the volume Lorenz force, developed in the liquid bath by the sliding alternating field, plays, in fact, a role analogous to gravity.
  • the dimensioning method according to the invention it is known to take into account the roughness of the metallurgical product treated on the nature of the flow and, therefore, on the thickness of coating deposited at the outlet of the galvanizing enclosure.
  • the model chosen to do this is that of Karman-Nikuradzé. This model, widely tested in the field of hydrodynamics, makes it possible to know, in particular by means of abacuses, the coefficient of friction to be taken into account according to the roughness of the product and the hydraulic Reynolds number of the flow.
  • the galvanizing enclosure 1 shown in the appended figure comprises two inlet 2 and outlet 3 orifices aligned with the passage of a metallurgical product 4 to be galvanized; this product 4 is, in the example chosen, a smooth steel wire or a concrete iron, therefore having notches distributed more or less regularly along its surface.
  • the enclosure 1 is arranged horizontally, downstream from a set of pickling and heating devices, for example by induction, and downstream from a cooling device, for example with water, these different units conventional post- and pre-treatment are not illustrated in the drawings so as not to obscure the representation of the means of galvanization and wiping which is discussed here.
  • the galvanizing enclosure 1 is intended to contain a liquid bath of a coating product, preferably a molten metal alloy such as zinc, copper, aluminum and their usual alloys (the bath can therefore also contain small proportions of lead, etc. ).
  • a liquid bath of a coating product preferably a molten metal alloy such as zinc, copper, aluminum and their usual alloys (the bath can therefore also contain small proportions of lead, etc. ).
  • the inlet 2 and outlet 3 orifices of the enclosure 1 must be provided with sealing means preventing the liquid bath from leaking through said orifices 2, 3; in the case described here of substantially cylindrical metallurgical products 4, it is chosen to use polyphase inductor windings 5, 6, which are respectively arranged around inlet 7 and outlet 8 channels of the enclosure 1 to generate, in the manner of synchronous linear motors, a magnetic back pressure on the conductive liquid product tending to flow by inertia through said channels inlet 7 and outlet 8; the transverse dimensions of these latter channels 7, 8 are calculated as a function of
  • a supply channel 9, here vertical connects a reserve of liquid product to said enclosure 1; so that the hydrodynamic disturbances resulting from this contribution are as low as possible, we opt, according to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, for a central position of the mouth of said supply channel 9 with respect to the two inlet 7 and outlet 8 channels of the enclosure 1.
  • an equilibrium channel 10 has also been arranged, placed vertically at a central position corresponding for example to that of the feed channel 9, and into which the covering liquid product is introduced over a height, the measurement of which enables the isostatic pressure of the galvanizing bath to be known with precision; in addition, the free surface of the liquid column of the bath located in the equilibrium channel 10 is normally in contact with a protective gas, the pressure of which can, if necessary, be modified by conventional compression means.
  • the entire galvanizing installation is preferably maintained under a controlled, neutral or slightly reducing atmosphere, for metallurgical reasons which are moreover perfectly known to those skilled in the art.
  • the transition zone 11 between the central zone of the enclosure 1 and its outlet channel 7 is a converging nozzle, which makes it possible to limit the risks of turbulence of the liquid product flowing at this level from said enclosure 1.
  • the problem arises first of all in dimensioning the polyphase inductor winding 6 for the outlet so that a seal can exist at the outlet orifice 3 of the enclosure 1, then in dimensioning the all the other parameters of the installation to obtain the desired wiping.
  • the sealing problem requires knowing, as defined above, the total hydrodynamic pressure exerted up to the equilibrium meniscus (or free surface) of the covering liquid in the outlet channel 8 of the enclosure 1; knowledge of the total pressure then makes it possible to calculate the Lorenz volume force which is necessary to maintain the free surface of the covering liquid at a certain level of the outlet channel 8 of said enclosure 1, according to the principles set out above.
  • the transverse dimensions of the enclosure 1 are normally small compared to the transverse dimension of the metallurgical product 4 to be treated, it is necessary to treat the liquid flow in the enclosure 1 as an axisymmetric quilt flow, establishing itself in the annular space between the product 4 and the internal walls of said enclosure 1.
  • the similarity rules applicable in the matter thus show that this annular flow is similar to the flow of the same liquid between two flat plates four times apart the value of the annular space (which will be shown later), one of the two plates moving exactly at the speed of the metallurgical product 4 which passes through the galvanizing enclosure 1.
  • these two partial drive pressures are calculated from similar quilt flows taking into account the length of the central zone of the enclosure 1, the length of the outlet channel 8 on which the zinc penetrates. , as well as pressure losses per unit of length in said central zone and, respectively, in said outlet channel 8 of enclosure 1.
  • the choice of the length of the enclosure conditions the behavior of the liquid flow in the vicinity of the metallurgical product 4: laminar, slightly turbulent or turbulent.
  • the calculation consists in choosing a length of enclosure 1 a priori, which is checked a posteriori that it is less than the length of the critical quilt in the enclosure 1.
  • the length to be taken into account is , in fact, the half length L c of the enclosure, taken here equal to 25 centimeters.
  • the pressure drop per unit length is conventionally related to the friction force per unit area.
  • this relationship is expressed simply as a function of the hydraulic diameter of the annular space comprised between the metallurgical product 4 and the internal walls of said enclosure 1, of the volume density of the liquid of overlap, of the square of the flow velocity and of a pressure drop coefficient, itself proportional to an overall friction coefficient depending on the roughness of the surfaces and the Reynolds number characterizing the flow, c ' that is to say, finally, of the wall law in the vicinity of the metallurgical product 4.
  • the galvanizing enclosure 1 is almost everywhere cylindrical and has a substantially constant diameter T c which, in the numerical examples developed below, will be taken to be 40 millimeters.
  • the diameter of the metallurgical product 4 is, for its part, taken equal to 10 millimeters, which gives an annular space e c equal to 15 millimeters, and a hydraulic diameter D He of 60 millimeters in the central zone of the enclosure 1.
  • This partial pressure P i is equal to the length L i of zinc in channel 8 multiplied by the coefficient of pressure drop in the flow in said channel 8.
  • the hydraulic Reynolds number R ei is calculated as a function of the hydraulic diameter D Hi of the annular conduit between the metallurgical product 4 and the walls of the outlet channel 8, the diameter T f of which is equal to 16 millimeters, this which gives an annular space e i equal to 3 millimeters and, therefore, D Hi equal to 12 millimeters. Under these conditions, R ei is worth approximately 24,000.
  • the magnetic pressure P m is equal to the product of the electrical conductivity of zinc at the temperature considered, the square of the effective induction B eff , the length L i on which the field acts and a coefficient V m taking into account the geometry of inductor 6. If we choose a polar half-step equal to 7 centimeters and an excitation frequency of 50 Hz - these two values providing the speed of axial displacement of the sliding magnetic field, also called drift speed -, l 'effective induction B eff being chosen to be equal to 0.07 Teslas, there is the magnetic pressure gradient necessary to maintain the zinc bubble in the galvanizing enclosure 1, ie 87,000 N / m 3 .
  • This model takes into account, by a complex formula that can be found on the reference mentioned above: the surface tension of the liquid (here zinc molten at 450 ° C), its turbulent dynamic viscosity (itself proportional to the coefficient of friction global C Fi ), the speed V b of the product 4 and the intensity of the volume forces developed in the zinc, which we have just calculated for the sealing problem.
  • This effective magnetic wiping length is defined as the residual length of the outlet channel 8, located behind the equilibrium meniscus of the galvanizing bath, and on which the magnetic field transverse sliding is always likely to act.
  • the possibilities of adjusting the thickness at this level are however reduced since all the characteristics of the enclosure 1 and of the inductor 6 are already fixed.
  • the calculation of the thinning of the liquid film up to the downstream end of the outlet channel 8 can be carried out by calculating the "free surface” flow of the liquid film on the surface of the rough metallurgical product 4. In fact , we see that this thinning remains negligible in most cases.
  • a generally correct practical approximation therefore consists, in the calculation of wiping, of only taking into account the thickness of the liquid film given by the Landau and Levitch model.
  • the dimensioning of a galavanization enclosure 1 and of its output inductor 6 depends first of all on the dimensions and the possible roughness of the metallurgical products 4 to be coated with the chosen molten metallic material.
  • the geometry of the inductor 6 is then established so that, near the surface of the products 4, the magnetic field created is transverse and sliding. We then seek, for a wide range of running speed V b of the products 4 through the enclosure 1, the frequency, the pole pitch and the intensity of the effective induction B eff which should be taken to balance the pressures under the first half of the inductor 6.
  • an additional dimensioning rule consists in taking an air gap such that the ratio of the polar half-step to said air gap is not greater than 3; this defines a so-called “housing" coefficient between the effective induction B eff and the induction B 0 created by the inductor winding 6, which is then given by a Byot and Savard law corresponding to the geometry of the coils of the inductor 6.
  • the Landau and Levitch model to calculate the thickness deposited on metallurgical products 4 corresponding to each of the speeds V b chosen. It is also possible to refer, on the same graph, the length L i over which the coating liquid penetrates into the outlet channel 8 of the enclosure 1. Such a graph, corresponding to the example treated above, is given on Figure 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
EP94922281A 1993-01-20 1994-07-20 Procede de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnetique de produits metallurgiques galvanises Expired - Lifetime EP0720663B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9300524A FR2700555B1 (fr) 1993-01-20 1993-01-20 Procédé de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnétique de produits métallurgiques galvanisés.
PCT/FR1994/000907 WO1996002684A1 (fr) 1993-01-20 1994-07-20 Procede de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnetique de produits metallurgiques galvanises
CN94193846A CN1070931C (zh) 1993-01-20 1994-07-20 确定镀槽尺寸的方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0720663A1 EP0720663A1 (fr) 1996-07-10
EP0720663B1 true EP0720663B1 (fr) 1997-06-11

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EP94922281A Expired - Lifetime EP0720663B1 (fr) 1993-01-20 1994-07-20 Procede de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnetique de produits metallurgiques galvanises

Country Status (12)

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EP (1) EP0720663B1 (pl)
JP (1) JPH09507531A (pl)
CN (1) CN1070931C (pl)
AT (1) ATE154399T1 (pl)
AU (1) AU693106B2 (pl)
BR (1) BR9407692A (pl)
DE (1) DE69403810T2 (pl)
ES (1) ES2105736T3 (pl)
FR (1) FR2700555B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL186566B1 (pl)
RU (1) RU2119971C1 (pl)
WO (1) WO1996002684A1 (pl)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6761935B2 (en) 2000-03-28 2004-07-13 Delot Process Method and device for the producing a metallic coating on an object emerging from a bath of molten metal
US8628470B1 (en) 1997-03-13 2014-01-14 Clinical Decision Support, Llc Disease management system and method including medication therapy self-management

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2700555B1 (fr) * 1993-01-20 1995-03-31 Delot Process Sa Procédé de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnétique de produits métallurgiques galvanisés.
DE4344939C1 (de) * 1993-12-23 1995-02-09 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zum prozeßgerechten Regeln einer Anlage zum Beschichten von bandförmigem Gut
IN191638B (pl) * 1994-07-28 2003-12-06 Bhp Steel Jla Pty Ltd
US6106620A (en) * 1995-07-26 2000-08-22 Bhp Steel (Jla) Pty Ltd. Electro-magnetic plugging means for hot dip coating pot
DE19535854C2 (de) * 1995-09-18 1997-12-11 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zur Bandstabilisierung in einer Anlage zum Beschichten von bandförmigem Gut
DE10210430A1 (de) * 2002-03-09 2003-09-18 Sms Demag Ag Vorrichtung zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung von Metallsträngen
RU2237743C2 (ru) * 2002-09-26 2004-10-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Межотраслевое юридическое агентство "Юрпромконсалтинг" Способ обработки поверхности протяженного изделия, линия и устройство для его осуществления
US11149337B1 (en) 2017-04-18 2021-10-19 Western Technologies, Inc. Continuous galvanizing apparatus and process
US11242590B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2022-02-08 Western Technologies, Inc. Continuous galvanizing apparatus for multiple rods
CN111676490B (zh) * 2020-05-22 2021-07-13 西北矿冶研究院 一种优化锌电积工艺的方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5129981B2 (pl) * 1973-07-17 1976-08-28
FR2647814B1 (fr) * 1989-06-02 1994-07-08 Galva Lorraine Enceinte utilisable pour recouvrir d'un revetement a base de metal ou d'alliage metallique des objets de forme allongee defilant a travers elle
DZ1422A1 (fr) * 1989-06-09 2004-09-13 Galva Lorraine Procédé, enciente et installation pour le revêtement continu/intermittent d'objets par passage desdits objets à travers une masse liquide d'un produitde revêtement.
DE4208578A1 (de) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-16 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zum beschichten der oberflaeche von strangfoermigem gut
FR2700555B1 (fr) * 1993-01-20 1995-03-31 Delot Process Sa Procédé de dimensionnement d'une enceinte de galvanisation pourvue d'un dispositif d'essuyage magnétique de produits métallurgiques galvanisés.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8628470B1 (en) 1997-03-13 2014-01-14 Clinical Decision Support, Llc Disease management system and method including medication therapy self-management
US6761935B2 (en) 2000-03-28 2004-07-13 Delot Process Method and device for the producing a metallic coating on an object emerging from a bath of molten metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL186566B1 (pl) 2004-01-30
AU7346394A (en) 1996-02-16
DE69403810D1 (de) 1997-07-17
FR2700555B1 (fr) 1995-03-31
ATE154399T1 (de) 1997-06-15
AU693106B2 (en) 1998-06-25
BR9407692A (pt) 1997-02-04
JPH09507531A (ja) 1997-07-29
CN1070931C (zh) 2001-09-12
EP0720663A1 (fr) 1996-07-10
FR2700555A1 (fr) 1994-07-22
ES2105736T3 (es) 1997-10-16
RU2119971C1 (ru) 1998-10-10
CN1133618A (zh) 1996-10-16
WO1996002684A1 (fr) 1996-02-01
DE69403810T2 (de) 1998-01-29
PL313517A1 (en) 1996-07-08

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