EP0720306B1 - Hybridschaltung eines Übertragungssystems - Google Patents

Hybridschaltung eines Übertragungssystems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0720306B1
EP0720306B1 EP95203544A EP95203544A EP0720306B1 EP 0720306 B1 EP0720306 B1 EP 0720306B1 EP 95203544 A EP95203544 A EP 95203544A EP 95203544 A EP95203544 A EP 95203544A EP 0720306 B1 EP0720306 B1 EP 0720306B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
port
input
output
transmission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95203544A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0720306A1 (de
Inventor
Han Hiong Tan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke KPN NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke PTT Nederland NV
Koninklijke KPN NV
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Publication of EP0720306A1 publication Critical patent/EP0720306A1/de
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Publication of EP0720306B1 publication Critical patent/EP0720306B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/54—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication
    • H04B1/58—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
    • H04B1/583—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa using a bridge network
    • H04B1/585—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa using a bridge network with automatic balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/58—Anti-side-tone circuits
    • H04M1/585—Anti-side-tone circuits implemented without inductive element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control circuit for automatically adjusting a transmission hybrid.
  • Hybrids are generally known, inter alia from the published Dutch Patent Application NL 8500225 in the name of the Applicant.
  • US-A-4,103,118 discloses a control circuit for automatically adjusting a transmission hybrid which comprises a transmission/reception port for the connection of a two-wire connection, and also a transmission port and a reception port for the connection of a four-wire connection, and an impedance port for the connection of a controllable balance impedance (Z b ), which control circuit compromises a unidirectional device which is provided with an input and output and which is capable of transmitting alternating-voltage signals from its input to its output but not from its output to its input, the output of said unidirectional device being connected to the reception port of the hybrid
  • control circuit furthermore comprises a detection device for detecting signal levels and emitting a control signal and which adjusts the balance impedance, during the influence of the control signal from said detection device, in such a way that the detected signal level at the transmission port is a minimum and maintains said adjustments as long as the control signal is present.
  • a hybrid comprises per se a transmission port, a reception port and a transmission/reception port.
  • the transmission port and the reception port are connected to a four-wire connection (a two-wire transmission connection and a two-wire reception connection) an the transmission/reception port is connected to a two-wire transmission/reception connection.
  • a hybrid also comprises an impedance port to which a controllable balance impedance is connected in order to avoid crosstalk from the reception port the transmission port.
  • the hybrid operates optimally if the balance impedance is equal to the impedance of the (two-wire) cable connected to the transmission/reception port. In that case, the attenuation between the reception port and transmission port of the four-wire section is a maximum, as a result of which signals fed to the reception port are not passed to the transmission port (minimum crosstalk).
  • a problem is that, if the hybrid is incorporated in a switched network, the impedance of the cable may change. If a hybrid is to operate optimally, regular readjustment of the balance impedance is necessary.
  • the present invention provides means for automatically adjusting the balance impedance.
  • the control circuit according to the present invention is therefore characterized in that the said detection device is connected to said input (b) and said output (a) of said unidirectional device and detects said signal levels at said input and said output and emits said control signal if the signal level at the input (b) of the unidirectional device rises above a minimum value and if at the same time, taking the gain factor of the unidirectional deyice into account, the signal level at the output (a) of the unidirectional device is identical to the signal level at the input (b) of said unidirectional device, which control circuit comprises, moreover, a control device , connected to said transmission port, for detecting the signal level at said port and connected, moreover, to said controllable balance impedance (Z b ).
  • the invention is based on the insight that, during the transmission of signals via the hybrid, at those instants when signal is presented exclusively at the reception port of the hybrid (that is to say not at the ("two wire") transmission/reception port), no signal must be present at the transmission port if the balance impedance is correctly adjusted. If that were nevertheless to be the case, it is the consequence of incorrect balance impedance, as a result of which the attenuation between the reception port an the transmission port is not a maximum.
  • the instants when signal is presented exclusively at the reception port lend themselves pre-eminently to readjusting the balance impedance so that the attenuation between the reaction port and the transmission port is a maximum.
  • the invention provides means for detecting said instants and for utilizing them for automatically readjusting the balance impedance.
  • a unidirectional device for signals which is capable of transmitting signal from its input to its output but nor from its output to its input.
  • Suitable for such a device is a signal amplifier, a signal buffer and the like.
  • Detection thereof takes place by investigating whether signal is present at the input of the unidirectional device and whether, when the gain factor of said device is taken into account, the signal at the input of the device is equally as great as the signal at the output.
  • signal is presented to the reception port of the hybrid in that case alone.
  • it is possible to detect at the transmission port whether crosstalk may be occurring between the reception port and transmission port and, if that should be the case, it is possible to adjust the balance impedance automatically so that said crosstalk is eliminated.
  • Figure 1 shows a transmission hybrid having a transmission port 1, a balance impedance port 2, a reception port 3 and a transmission/reception port 4.
  • a bidirectional channel is connected to the latter and unidirectional channel is connected in each case to ports 1 and 3.
  • Connected to the impedance port is controllable balance impedance Z b .
  • Z b must always be adjusted so that the crosstalk between the ports 3 and 1 is a minimum: signal received via port 3 is not the passed to transmission port 1. Since the impedance of the channel (cable, line) connected to port 4 vary (for this problem, see also the abovementioned, incorporated application), it is necessary to investigate continuously or at least regularly whether the balance impedance is still actually correctly adjusted, namely is such a way that the transit attenuation between the ports 3 and 1 is a maximum. As has been explained above, said check can be carried out very well at those instants when (external) signal is presented at port 3 while the port 3 is receiving no signal originating from port 4 (if port 4 is receiving signal, said signal is distributed over the ports 1 and 3 by the hybrid).
  • a unidirectional device that is to say a device which can in fact allow signal through from its input to its output, but not vice versa, is incorporated in the channel connected to the reception port 3.
  • the unidirectional device is in this case formed by a signal amplifier Al having a net gain factor of 1.
  • a signal destined for reception port 3 is thus detectable at the points a and b; the signal strength is equally great at both points.
  • a signal originating from port 4 via the hybrid is in fact detectable at point a, but not at point b.
  • port 3 is receiving signal from port 4 via the hybrid as an externally presented signal, the signal strength at point a will be greater than at point b. If neither an external signal nor an internal signal (originating from an external signal presented at port 4 via the hybrid) is being presented at port 3, the signal strength at a and b is in fact equal, but the signal strength at point b is not greater than "0" (minimum detection value).
  • the output signal originating from the AND gate controls a control circuit which is shown at the top of the figure.
  • the signal at port 1 is compared with earth by an amplifier A2. If there is signal at port 1 (which is only the case at a check instant if the balance impedance is incorrect), said signal is amplified by A2.
  • the output signal is rectified and smoothed and is used to adjust the balance impedance Zb, together with a phase signal whose polarity depends on whether the signals at the reception port and the transmission port are identical or have opposite phase.
  • a switching device S closes only if the output of the AND port is high. In that case, the voltage across the capacitor C1 is taken over by a capacitor C2.
  • the balance impedance Zb is then adjusted by the voltage across C2. As soon as the AND gate becomes low (when the check instant has passed), the switching device S opens and C2 holds its charge and Zb retains its last value.
  • phase signal which is combined with the rectified and smoothed output signal of A2 by an analog multiplier, ensures that Zb is adjusted in the correct direction: in the case of a positive value, Zb has to be adjusted to a lower value and in the case of a negative value it has to be adjusted to a higher value.
  • the phase signal is derived from the mutual phase of the signals at the transmission/reception port 4 and the impedance port 2. It is known that, in the event of phase equality of the signal at the reception port 3 and the crosstalk signal at the transmission port 1, phase equality also occurs between the signals at the transmission/reception port 4 and the impedance port 2. The same happens if the phases are opposed.
  • the phase information is taken from the ports 2 and 4.
  • the signals originating from the ports 2 and 4 are multiplied by one another (after any amplitude differences have been eliminated), as a result of which a direct voltage is produced whose sign depends on the mutual phase of the signals at the ports 2 and 4.
  • the alternating-voltage component can be eliminated by means of a low-pass filter (LDF) and +1 ⁇ 2A or -1 ⁇ 2A, respectively, is left over.
  • LDF low-pass filter
  • +1 ⁇ 2A or -1 ⁇ 2A respectively
  • the setting of Zb is adjusted at every check instant which is detected by the detection circuit at the bottom of the figure, as a function of the crosstalk signal detected by A2 on port 1. If there is no crosstalk, the voltage across C2 remains unchanged and, consequently, so does the setting of Zb.
  • check instant may last a shorter or a longer time, namely the time that the abovementioned conditions (signal b > "0" and signal a equal to signal b) last.
  • Zb can be controlled by means of a control voltage by making use of an FET which is used "below pinch-off", as a result of which the FET operates as voltage-dependent resistor (real balance impedance).
  • a control voltage By making use of an FET which is used "below pinch-off", as a result of which the FET operates as voltage-dependent resistor (real balance impedance).
  • Such a circuit is shown in Figure 2.
  • R1 and R2 are necessary to linearize the FET.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Steuerschaltkreis zum automatischen Einstellen einer Hybridschaltung eines Übertragungssystems, welcher ein Übertragungs-/Empfangsport (4) für die Verbindung einer Zwei-Leitungsverbindung umfasst und auch ein Übertragungsport (1) und ein Empfangsport (3) für eine Verbindung einer Vier-Drahtverbindung umfasst und einen Impedanzport (2) für die Verbindung einer steuerbaren Ausgleichsimpedanz (Zb) umfasst, wobei der Steuerschaltkreis eine unidirektionale Einrichtung aufweist, die mit einem Eingang (b) und einem Ausgang (a) versehen ist und die fähig ist, alternierende Spannungssignale von ihrem Eingang zu ihrem Ausgang zu übertragen, aber nicht vom Ausgang zum Eingang, wobei der Ausgang (a) der besagten unidirektionalen Einrichtung mit einem Empfangsport (3) der Hybridschaltung verbunden ist, welcher Steuerschaltkreis weiterhin eine Erfassungseinrichtung umfasst, um Signalniveaus festzustellen und ein Steuersignal auszusenden, und welche die Ausgleichsimpedanz während des Einflusses des Steuersignals von der besagten Erfassungsvorrichtung in solch einer Weise einstellt, dass das erfasste Signalniveau am Übertragungsport (4) minimal ist, und diese Einstellung so lange beibehält, wie das Steuersignal vorhanden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Erfassungseinrichtung mit dem besagten Eingang (b) und besagten Ausgang (a) der besagten unidirektionalen Einrichtung verbunden ist und besagte Signalniveaus am besagten Eingang und besagten Ausgang erfasst und das besagte Steuersignal aussendet, falls das Signalniveau am Eingang (b) der unidirektionalen Einrichtung über einen gewissen Minimalwert ansteigt und falls zur selben Zeit unter Berücksichtigung des Verstärkungsfaktors der unidirektionalen Einrichtung das Signalniveau am Ausgang (a) der unidirektionalen Einrichtung gleich ist zum Signalniveau am Eingang (b) der besagten unidirektionalen Einrichtung, wobei der Steuerschaltkreis darüber hinaus eine Steuereinrichtung umfasst, die mit dem besagten Übertragungsport (1) verbunden ist, um das Signalniveau an dem besagten Port zu erfassen, und die weiterhin mit der besagten steuerbaren Ausgleichsimpedanz (Zb) verbunden ist.
  2. Steuerschaltkreis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte unidirektionale Einrichtung ein Verstärker ist (A1).
  3. Steuerschaltkreis nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Erfassungseinrichtung einen Differenzverstärker (A3) aufweist, der mit dem Eingang (b) und dem Ausgang (a) der besagten unidirektionalen Einrichtung verbunden ist, und auch ein UND-Gatter, von dem der eine Eingang über einen Gleichrichtungs- und Glättungsschaltkreis (D2, C3) und über eine Invertiereinrichtung mit dem Ausgang des besagten Differenzverstärkers (A3) verbunden ist, während der andere Eingang des UND-Gatters über einen Gleichrichtungs- und Glättungsschaltkreis (D3, C4) aber ohne die Invertiereinrichtung mit dem Eingang (b) der unidirektionalen Einrichtung verbunden ist.
  4. Steuerschaltkreis nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte Steuerschaltkreis eine Schalteinrichtung (S) umfasst, die durch den Ausgang des besagten UND-Gatters steuerbar ist, und dass das Signal von dem Übertragungsport (1) darüber hinaus zusammen mit einem Phasensignal, von dem das Zeichen die Phase des Signals am Übertragungsport (1) in Bezug auf diejenige am Empfangsport (3) anzeigt, an einen Steuereingang (2) der steuerbaren Ausgleichsimpedanz (Zb) über einen Gleichrichtungs- und Glättungsschaltkreis (D1, C1) vorgelegt wird.
  5. Steuerschaltkreis nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Polarisationssteuereinrichtung vorgesehen ist, deren Eingänge mit dem Übertragungs-/Empfangsport (4) und dem Ausgleichs-Impedanzport (2) verbunden sind und welche das besagte Phasensignal als Funktion der gegenseitigen Phase zwischen den Signalen, die an den beiden Ports (2, 4) erfasst worden sind, überträgt.
  6. Steuerschaltkreis nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die steuerbare Ausgleichsimpedanz (Zb) ein FET umfasst, der in dem sogenannten "Pinch-off"-Betrieb eingestellt wird und dessen Ausgangswiderstand durch Grösse und Vorzeichen von dem Signal festgelegt wird, welches an seinem Steuereingang anliegt.
  7. Steuerschaltkreis nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die steuerbare Impedanz einen Wähler (SEL) umfasst, der eine aus einer Vielzahl von Ausgleichsimpedanzen (Z1 - Zn) als Funktion von Grösse und Vorzeichen des an seinem Eingang vorliegenden Signals auswählt.
EP95203544A 1995-01-02 1995-12-19 Hybridschaltung eines Übertragungssystems Expired - Lifetime EP0720306B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9500005A NL9500005A (nl) 1995-01-02 1995-01-02 Transmissievorkschakeling.
NL9500005 1995-01-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0720306A1 EP0720306A1 (de) 1996-07-03
EP0720306B1 true EP0720306B1 (de) 2001-11-14

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EP95203544A Expired - Lifetime EP0720306B1 (de) 1995-01-02 1995-12-19 Hybridschaltung eines Übertragungssystems

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EP (1) EP0720306B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE208972T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69523886T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2164132T3 (de)
NL (1) NL9500005A (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI104134B1 (fi) 1997-07-31 1999-11-15 Nokia Networks Oy Datan- ja virransyötön toteuttava kaapeliliitäntä

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4103118A (en) * 1977-05-02 1978-07-25 Synanon Foundation, Inc. Autobalance hybrid circuit
DE3409879A1 (de) * 1984-03-17 1985-09-19 Neumann Elektronik GmbH, 4330 Mülheim Verfahren zur anpassung einer gabelschaltung an eine fernmeldeleitung sowie anwendung des verfahrens und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPH01241954A (ja) * 1988-03-23 1989-09-26 Nec Corp 平衡回路網
NL9500225A (nl) 1995-02-07 1996-09-02 Hauzer Techno Coating Europ B Werkwijze voor het regenereren van cryocondensatiepomppanelen in een vacuümkamer, vacuümkamer geschikt voor het uitvoeren van de werkwijze en een inrichting voor het coaten van produkten voorzien van een dergelijke vacuümkamer.

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Publication number Publication date
DE69523886T2 (de) 2002-07-04
ATE208972T1 (de) 2001-11-15
ES2164132T3 (es) 2002-02-16
NL9500005A (nl) 1996-08-01
DE69523886D1 (de) 2001-12-20
EP0720306A1 (de) 1996-07-03

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