EP0717165A1 - Framework made of fireproof metal profiles for windows, doors, facades or glazed roofs - Google Patents

Abstract

>Metal framework for windows and doors is made of aluminium profile with closed or open hollow chambers into which thermal set, hydrophilic adsorbent material is packed. The middle part of the framework is made of aluminium which has a stamped pattern (12, 13) in order to reduce the heat flow through it.

Description

The invention relates to a framework made of metal profiles in fire protection for windows, doors, facades or glass roofs.

A glazed protective door against fire and smoke is known (DE 29 48 039 A1), in which the frame profiles are formed from two steel tubes, between which thermal insulation made of non-combustible material is arranged. The two steel pipes are connected by bolts or screws. The steel pipes withstand the temperatures that arise in the event of a fire. The thermal insulation between the steel tubes of a frame profile only has the task of avoiding an increase in temperature on the side facing away from the fire by a measure specified in the standards. With this design principle, at least on the side facing the fire, materials are used whose melting point is higher than the expected fire temperatures according to the standard temperature curve specified in the standards.

The frame profiles according to DE 29 48 039 A1 have aluminum covers on the outside, through which the impression of an aluminum component is to be given. These aluminum covers melt in the event of a fire.

In the known door construction, it is disadvantageous that different materials are brought together in the frame profile, the steel content giving a high weight. The different materials require different processing and joining processes. In addition, the cladding with aluminum covers is complex.

The invention has for its object to design a framework made of metal profiles in fire protection design so that on the side facing the fire bearing light metal profiles, preferably aluminum profiles, can be used, the melting point of which is lower than the expected temperature and the metal profiles in the event of fire melting of these load-bearing light metal profiles over a predetermined safety period is prevented.

This object is achieved in a framework of the type mentioned in that on the outer sides and / or on the inner sides of the metal profiles made of aluminum, these covering plates or other moldings made of a heat-binding, hydrophilic absorbent with a high water content or a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent with high water content containing plates or other moldings are attached.

In a preferred embodiment, the light metal profiles have a central part made of metal, in which the heat flow is reduced compared to the outer parts made of aluminum.

The plates or other shaped bodies made of a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent with a high water content advantageously consist of alum and gypsum.

The alum is a so-called metal double salt, which is able to store crystal water to a very high degree by weight.

It has proven to be expedient to use potassium alum, which can be referred to chemically as potassium aluminum sulfate 12 hydrate. The chemical formula is: KAl (SO₄) ₂ x 12 H₂O.

This potassium alum is able to physically bind about 45 percent water of crystallization per unit weight. The release of the Pure crystal water from the potassium alum takes place at 73 ° C.

Due to the density of the alum of 1.1 g / cm³, the volume of the stored crystal water is approx. 50 percent.

The potassium alum can be embedded in a gypsum matrix and behaves completely neutrally with regard to the hardening of the gypsum, so that the plates, moldings and profiles produced therefrom have sufficient stability for their use in fire protection.

The potassium alum does not change the setting properties of the plaster. The plaster in turn does not affect the physical water absorption of the alum.

The plates or other molded parts which are provided with a hydrophilic adsorbent preferably consist of 50 percent modified gypsum and 50 percent potassium alum.

Since the plaster as well as the alum have a density of 1.1 g / cm³, this ratio is based on weight and volume.

The energy consumption of such a component is approximately 1,100 J / cm³.

Depending on the application, the mixing ratio between alum and plaster can be varied. With a mixing ratio of 50:50 between gypsum and alum, there is a 32 percent share of the stored crystal water.

Although potassium alum has an effective temperature of 73 ° C by itself, the effective temperature in connection with the gypsum is increased to a higher value, namely approx. 85 ° C. This results from the fact that the water released in the alum is held up to a temperature of 85 ° C. by simply sucking it up through the plaster before it is converted into the vapor phase.

A favorable working temperature occurs here, which is sufficient There is a distance to the temperature of use which may reach 70 ° C under direct sunlight from such plates or moldings.

The combination of gypsum and alum has the further advantage that the crystal water bound in the gypsum is only released at an effective temperature of 125 ° C and this multi-stage crystal water release has a positive effect on the cooling process of the frame profiles to which the plates or other moldings described are assigned. In addition, there is again a slight release of water bound in the gypsum at approx. 215 ° C, but this is of minor importance.

Further embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described below.

Fig. 1

ein aus zwei Außen teilen und einem Mittelteil sich zusammensetzendes Verbundprofil im Schnitt,

Fig. 2

eine im Mittelteil verwendete Profilleiste mit herabgesetztem Wärmedurchfluß, und zwar im Querschnitt und im Aufriß,

Fig. 3

eine Abwandlungsform der Ausführung nach der Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

die Rahmenprofile einer Tür im Schnitt,

Fig. 5

eine im Mittelteil eines Verbundprofils nach Fig. 1 einsetzbare Profilleiste, die aus Kunststoff besteht und mit in Abstand voneinander angeordneten Brückenstegen aus Metall versehen ist,

Fig. 6

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines aus zwei Außenteilen und einem Mittelteil bestehenden Rahmenprofils,

Fig. 7

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines mit Brandschutzmitteln versehenen Rahmenprofils,

Fig. 8

eine konstruktive Einzelheit zu der Konstruktion nach der Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

ein Schaubild mit Kurven I und II, von denen die Kurve I die Ansprechzeiten eines Kalium-Alaun-Gipsformkörpers und die Fig. 2 den sich im Verlauf der Temperaturerhöhung einstellende Masseverlust aufzeigt,

Fig. 10

ein weiteres Profil in Brandschutzausführung im Schnitt und

Fig. 11

ein Hauptprofil sowie das zugeordnete Abdeckprofil einer Fassaden- oder einer Glasdachkonstruktion.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a composite profile made up of two outer parts and a central part,

Fig. 2

a profile strip used in the middle part with reduced heat flow, namely in cross section and in elevation,

Fig. 3

2 shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 2,

Fig. 4

the frame profiles of a door in section,

Fig. 5

1, which can be used in the middle part of a composite profile according to FIG.

Fig. 6

a further embodiment of a frame profile consisting of two outer parts and a central part,

Fig. 7

another embodiment of a frame profile provided with fire protection agents,

Fig. 8

a structural detail to the construction of FIG. 7,

Fig. 9

a graph with curves I and II, of which curve I, the response times of a potassium alum gypsum molded body and the Fig. 2nd shows the mass loss that occurs in the course of the temperature increase,

Fig. 10

another profile in fire protection version on average and

Fig. 11

a main profile and the assigned cover profile of a facade or glass roof construction.

The metal profile shown in FIG. 1 has extruded aluminum profiles 1, 2 between which a central part 3 is provided, which in this exemplary embodiment consists of two metal strips 4 running parallel to one another, which reduces the heat transmission of the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 are. The metal strips 4 can be made of aluminum or another metal, e.g. be made of steel. The aluminum profiles 1 and 2 have inner chambers 5, 6, into which molded articles made of a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent that fill the inner chamber completely or partially can be introduced. The aluminum profiles 1 and 2 have anchoring grooves 7, 8 for the foot bars 11 of the metal strips 4, which are fixed after the insertion of the foot bars into the anchoring grooves by molding the outer groove bars 9. The metal strips 4 together with the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 define a further inner chamber 10, so that the composite profile according to FIG. 1 is equipped with three inner chambers for receiving shaped bodies with a high proportion of water of crystallization. The metal strip 4 shown in FIG. 2 has foot ridges 11 at the edges and is provided with cutouts 12 in the area between the foot ridges 11, so that between the cutouts 12, which are triangular in the embodiment according to FIG. 2, narrow Bridge webs 13 remain.

In the event of a fire, the heat conduction from the external aluminum profile to the aluminum profile provided on the side facing away from the fire is reduced to these bridges.

In Fig. 3, a metal strip 4 is shown, which is provided with rectangular perforations 14, between which only bridge webs 15 remain for heat conduction.
The cut-outs can have any geometric shape.

The cut-outs can have any geometric shape.

The width b of the bridge web and its thickness d can be varied in order to reduce or increase the heat flow.

Triangular punchings according to FIG. 2, which are mutually offset and form an equiangular triangle, have been found to be particularly advantageous, particularly in terms of statics and strength.

In Fig. 4 door frame profiles are shown in section.

The frame 16 was made from a profile, as shown in FIG. 1. The window frame profile is composed of aluminum profiles 1 and 2, which are connected to one another by metal strips 4, the metal strips having cutouts 12 and 14, respectively, so that the heat flow through these metal strips 4 forming the central part of the composite profile is reduced.

The sash 17 consists of the outer parts forming profile shells 18, 19, which are made of aluminum and are connected by metal strips 4, which form thermal insulation. The casement is completed by a glass retaining strip 20, which has an inner chamber 21 for receiving a molded body 22 consisting of alum and plaster. Shaped bodies 25, 26, 27 and 28 made of alum and gypsum with a high proportion of water of crystallization are also arranged in the inner chambers 5 and 6 of the frame 16 and in the inner chambers 23 and 24 of the casement 17.

The moldings can also be composed of other components, at least one of which has a high proportion of water of crystallization which is released at a temperature which is below the melting temperature of the light metal profile facing the fire. The crystal water released serves to cool the metal profiles.

The plate-shaped bodies 25, 26, 27, 28, which only partially fill the respective inner chamber, are inserted into the inner chambers with metal springs 29 inserted, the metal springs 29 clawing at the plate-shaped shaped bodies with their free ends and thus being secured in their position.

The energy-consuming shaped bodies can also be shaped parts of any length, which are adapted to the inner contour of the inner chamber of the metal profiles.

The energy-consuming material can also be poured into the inner chamber of a metal profile in liquid form and then sets in the inner chamber to form a solid molded body.

Since doors are often surface-treated, the inner chambers must be filled with an energy-consuming molded body with a high proportion of water of crystallization after the surface treatment of the profiles, since the drying temperatures of the powder coating are in a temperature range that corresponds to the response temperature of the energy-consuming material.

In FIG. 4, a groove 30 is provided in the fitting rebate between the frame and sash frame in front of the metal strip 4, in which a fire protection strip 31 made of material that expands under temperature is provided. The fire protection strip 31 has, on the one hand, the task of covering the perforated metal strip 4 from the visible fold and, on the other hand, in the event of a fire, to ensure that the rebate space is largely closed by inflating material in order to prevent the passage of fire gases.

As a rule, only the inner chambers of the frame and sash on the outside are filled with energy-consuming material. In special cases, in which it is about increasing the temperature resistance over the resistance time, the inner chamber of the middle part of the respective composite profile can be filled with energy-consuming material.

Due to the perforated metal strips 4 forming the middle part, due to of the perforation, the heat flow is reduced because the perforations have reduced the heat transfer cross sections. Complete thermal insulation, as is common in the known fire protection constructions and as is also used in window and door construction for the purpose of general thermal insulation, is not desired and intended here. A heat flow is necessary in the area of the middle part of the metal profiles, since not only the energy-consuming shaped bodies facing the fire side have to be activated to release the water of crystallization, but also the energy-consuming shaped bodies arranged on the side facing away from the fire. This makes it possible to have sufficient bound water available with a small construction of the metal profiles in order to meet the requirements for a fire protection construction with regard to the surface temperatures and the service life of the profiles exposed to the fire.

The metal strip 4 from an extruded profile into which openings are punched or from rolled steel offers the great advantage that it can be processed separately and can be joined to the other hollow chamber profiles using known composite methods.

The energy-consuming moldings are set so that they have a response temperature in the range from 80 ° C to 150 ° C.

In the cases where the side facing the fire is already known in the construction concept, the respective inner chambers of the metal profiles can be filled differently. On the side facing the fire, a higher degree of filling than on the side facing away from the fire can be carried out or the response temperatures on the side facing the fire can be selected higher than on the side facing away from the fire. This can be achieved by varying the energy-consuming materials.

From Fig. 5 it follows that a multi-part insulating strip 32 can be used instead of the metal strip 4 in the central part 3 of the profile. This multi-part insulating strip 32 consists of an extruded, poorly heat-conducting plastic strip 33 which extends over the entire length of the insulating strip and foot profiles on its longitudinal edges 34 has. These foot profiles 34 are preferably cut out at equal intervals, and contoured foot profiles 35 of a bridge web 36 made of metal, preferably of aluminum, are inserted into these recesses in relation to the foot profiles 34. The foot profiles are anchored in the grooves of aluminum profiles 1 and 2. The metallic bridges have the task of ensuring a heat flow between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2. The width of the bridge webs and the distances from one another can be varied so that the energy flow between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 can thereby be influenced.

A further embodiment of the middle part 3 designed as a heat insulation zone between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. 6, in which the perforated metal strips 37, 38 are integral with the aluminum profile 1 or with the aluminum profile 2. The metal bar 37 arranged on the aluminum profile 1 engages with a footbridge 39 in the associated anchoring groove of the aluminum profile 2, while the metal bar 38 which is integral with the aluminum profile 2 engages with its footbridge 40 in the anchoring groove of the aluminum profile 1. The metal strips 37, 38 are punched out according to the representations 2 and 3 and form a latticework shown there, by means of which the heat flow between the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 is reduced.

7 and 8 show structural details of the embodiment according to FIG. 4th

FIG. 9 shows a diagram with regard to an energy-consuming shaped body which is composed of potassium alum and gypsum.

Curve I shows the response temperatures of the molded body plotted over the lower temperature axis. The response temperatures at which crystal water is released can be seen from this curve. The area under curve I represents the total energy consumption.

Curve II only shows the loss of mass that occurs as the temperature rises.

10 shows a metal profile which, like the profile according to FIG. 1, is composed of the aluminum profiles 1 and 2 and, in the middle part, of the perforated metal strips 4. The inner chambers 5, 6 and 10 are filled with energy-consuming and crystal water-releasing shaped bodies 41, 42, 43 which e.g. can consist of alum and plaster.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, a plate-shaped molded body 44 is additionally fastened to the outside of the aluminum profile 1, so that in the event of a fire in the vicinity of the molded body 44, this is first activated and crystal water is released. In the event of a longer fire, the moldings 41, 42 and 43 are also activated and release crystal water, so that intensive cooling of the aluminum profiles and thus a long service life of the overall construction is achieved.

11 shows a facade or a roof structure in which the facade fields or the frame fields of the roof are filled with glass panes 45. A main profile 46 made of aluminum is provided on the inside of the room. This main profile is covered by plate-shaped, energy-consuming shaped bodies 47, 48 and 49, which release water of crystallization when a response temperature is reached and thereby cool the main profile.

The plate-shaped bodies 47, 48, 49 can be connected to the main profile by gluing or by mechanical means.

In the exemplary embodiment is a sheet metal cover 50, which can be made of light metal or stainless steel and can also be used to fix the plate-shaped moldings.

While metal profiles are shown in the figures, in which aluminum hollow chamber profiles 1 and 2 are connected to one another in the middle part via perforated metal strips 4 or via connecting strips according to FIG. 5, there is also the possibility of using an integral extruded profile provided with three inner chambers then in the middle Area holes are punched through which the heat flow is reduced in this area.

Reference numerals

1

Aluminum profile

2nd

Aluminum profile

3rd

Middle section

4th

Metal bar

5

Inner chamber

6

Inner chamber

7

Anchoring groove

8th

Anchoring groove

9

Groove web

10th

Inner chamber

11

Footbridge

12th

Punching

13

Footbridge

14

Punching

15

Footbridge

16

Frame

17th

Casement

18th

Profile shell

19th

Profile shell

20th

Glass retaining strip

21

Inner chamber

22

Molded body

23

Inner chamber

24th

Inner chamber

25th

Molded body

26

Molded body

27

Molded body

28

Molded body

29

Metal spring

30th

Groove

31

Fire protection strips

32

Insulating strip

33

Plastic molding

34

Foot profiling

35

Foot profiling

36

Footbridge

37

Metal bar

38

Metal bar

39

Footbridge

40

Footbridge

41

Molded body

42

Molded body

43

Molded body

44

Molded body

45

Glass pane

46

Main profile

47

Molded body

48

Molded body

49

Molded body

50

Sheet metal cover

Claims (21)

Framework made of metal profiles in fire protection design for windows, doors, facades or glass roofs, characterized in that on the outer sides and / or on the inner sides of the metal profiles made of aluminum, these covering plates or other shaped bodies made of a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent with a high water content or a heat-binding , hydrophilic adsorbent with a high water content containing plates or other moldings are attached. Framework according to claim 1, characterized in that the light metal profiles have a central part (3) made of metal, in which the heat flow compared to the outer parts made of aluminum is reduced. Framework according to claim 2, characterized in that the central part of the metal profiles has bridge webs (13, 15) made of metal between the outer parts made of aluminum or consists exclusively of bridge webs made of metal. Framework according to claim 3, characterized in that the metallic bridge webs (13, 15) of the central part of the metal profiles are fixed at one end or at both ends in an anchoring groove of the associated outer part. Framework according to claim 3, characterized in that the central part of the light metal profile is composed of at least one plastic strip (33) extending over the entire length of the central part and of metallic bridge webs (36) which run parallel to one another and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the light metal profile, wherein the foot profiles of the metallic bridge webs are arranged in recesses (36) in the plastic strip (33). Framework according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent consists of alum and gypsum. Framework according to claim 6, characterized in that the heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent consists of potassium alum and gypsum, the potassium alum being integrated in a gypsum matrix. Framework according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat-binding plates or other shaped bodies consist of 50% of potassium alum and 50% of a modified plaster. Framework according to claim 3, characterized in that the central part of the light metal profiles consists of one or more parallel sheet metal strips, preferably of aluminum, and these sheet metal strips only allow a reduced heat flow by punching out any configuration. Framework according to claim 9, characterized in that the punched-out row is formed by mutually offset triangles (Fig. 2. Framework according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the sheet metal strips forming the central part have foot webs (11) which are anchored in grooves in the outer parts of the light metal profile. Framework according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates or other shaped bodies made of one of the are fastened to both outer parts of the light metal profiles with a heat-binding, hydrophilic adsorbent. Framework according to claim 5, characterized in that plates or other shaped bodies made of heat-binding material with a high water content are provided on both or on an outer part of the light metal profiles and on the central part or in a chamber of the central part. Framework according to claim 12, characterized in that the outer parts of the light metal profiles are designed as closed or open hollow profiles made of aluminum and the hollow chambers are partially or completely filled moldings made of heat-binding material with a high water content. Framework according to claim 14, characterized in that in addition to the arrangement of the shaped body made of heat-binding material in a closed or open hollow chamber of one or both outer parts and / or in a closed or open hollow chamber of the middle part on the outer surface of an outer part of the light metal profile, a cover plate made of heat-binding Material is attached Framework according to claim 15, characterized in that the plates made of heat-binding material attached to the outside of the light metal profiles forming a frame are parts of a closed frame. Framework according to claim 13 or 15, characterized in that fabrics, preferably glass fiber fabrics, are embedded in the outer layers of the shaped bodies. Framework according to claim 14, 15 or 16, characterized in that a sheet metal cover (50) is associated with the plate-shaped bodies (47, 48, 49). Framework according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy-consuming shaped bodies (25, 26, 27, 28) are secured in their position in the associated inner chamber of the metal profile by metal springs (29). Framework according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fire protection strip (31) made of material which expands under temperature stress is arranged in the fitting rebate between the frame and the sash of a door in front of the perforated metal strip (4). Framework according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the response temperatures of the shaped bodies assigned to a metal profile are different.

Images