EP0716265A1 - Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Stoffe - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Stoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0716265A1
EP0716265A1 EP95402731A EP95402731A EP0716265A1 EP 0716265 A1 EP0716265 A1 EP 0716265A1 EP 95402731 A EP95402731 A EP 95402731A EP 95402731 A EP95402731 A EP 95402731A EP 0716265 A1 EP0716265 A1 EP 0716265A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grid
air
products
envelope
burning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95402731A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Aime
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TECHNIX
Original Assignee
TECHNIX
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TECHNIX filed Critical TECHNIX
Publication of EP0716265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0716265A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/245—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber with perforated bottom or grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H5/00—Double grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/34—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side
    • F24H1/36—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side the water chamber including one or more fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices for burning solid products.
  • these devices generally include a grid on which products are placed to make them burn, as well as an envelope in which the grid is placed, comprising under it so-called “primary” air intake orifices ( air allowing the products to be broken down into flammable elements), and above the grid, “secondary” air orifices (air allowing the flammable elements to burn).
  • the invention aims to improve this type of device, and in particular to allow the products to burn in a particularly complete manner.
  • said grid comprises at least one element for supporting products while they are burning, which is hollow, adapted to be supplied with blown air, and provided with air ejection orifices which was introduced there.
  • the quantity of primary air introduced into the device can be measured in a relatively precise and constant manner, much more precise than with the above-mentioned prior devices where the primary air is admitted into the device by simple drawing.
  • the air is introduced into the device through the grid, it undergoes a certain heating which allows it to come into contact with the products at a temperature particularly suitable for decomposing it, while the cooling of the grid corresponding to the heating of the air makes it possible to prevent it from reaching too high temperatures, so that there are '' a grid with a considerably longer lifespan than that of the above-mentioned prior devices.
  • said air ejection orifices are formed at the bottom of said element, so that the air is ejected below this element.
  • the air exiting the grid therefore first directs itself away from the products supported by it, regularly losing speed, then starts to rise until it comes into contact with the products placed on the grid.
  • said orifices are elongated slots, distributed over the length of said element.
  • This orifice shape is particularly advantageous for obtaining the abovementioned homogenization, and also in terms of the mechanical and thermal resistance of the hollow elements of the grid.
  • the latter comprises several of said elements, arranged so as to form a support plane for the products while they are burning.
  • planar shape for supporting the products while they are burning is indeed particularly well suited to the present invention.
  • the device comprises bars arranged above said support plane, to receive products to be burned from above, said bars being more spaced apart than said elements which form said support plane.
  • the envelope inside which the grid is arranged comprises two bell-shaped elements, respectively a lower element and an upper element nested head to tail one in the other with each a end portion of its side wall which looks at an end portion of the side wall of the other element, the space between said facing side wall portions forming part of an air intake guide in said envelope.
  • each of the bells being able to expand independently of the other, and also from an energy point of view, the guide, which is used for the admission of secondary air, allowing it to be introduced into the device having undergone heating.
  • the cooling of the side walls of the envelope corresponding to the heating of the primary air is also advantageous since it makes it possible to obtain an external temperature of the envelope compatible with the safety requirements of the personnel, with a relatively reduced thickness of insulation. or even a simple wall lining.
  • the thermal installation shown in FIG. 1 is provided for heating a fluid circulated by the pump 1, arriving in the installation by the pipe 2 of cold fluid and leaving the installation by the pipe 3 of hot fluid.
  • This installation comprises a one-piece assembly 4 of the boiler type, in which the fluid circulates, this assembly comprising a hearth 5 cooperating with a burner 6 capable of producing fire generating smoke inside the hearth 5, and a heat exchanger 7 fluid-fumes arranged above the hearth 5.
  • the exchanger 7 has walls which are bathed on one side by the fluid which circulates in the assembly 4 between the inlet orifice 8 and the outlet orifice 9, while the fumes present inside the hearth 5 must pass on the other side of these walls to join the smoke evacuation mouth 10, located above the exchanger 7.
  • the hearth 5, furthermore receiving means provided for the burner 6, comprises an inlet mouth 11 for the fumes generated by the waste incinerator 12, so that the fumes which pass through the exchanger 7 can also come both from the burner 6 and from the incinerator 12, separately or in combination.
  • the incinerator 12 has a door 13 through which waste 14 can be placed on the grate 15, so that they are burned there, giving off fumes which escape from the incinerator 12 through the discharge outlet 16 at which the chimney 17 is connected, the ashes 18 from the combustion of the waste 14 falling to the bottom of the incinerator 12.
  • the grid 15 is hollow and has ejection orifices for the air which can be introduced therein by operating the blower 19 which then sucks the ambient air through the line 20 (which can be reduced to a simple intake port) and discharges it into the pipe 21 to which the grid 15 is connected, the air thus ejected from the grid 15 serving to activate the combustion of the waste 14.
  • a valve 22 is arranged which communicates with the part of the chimney 17 situated at its upstream, to that situated at its downstream, and with the conduit 23, one of the ends of which is connected to the valve 22 while the the other is connected to the smoke inlet 11 in the interior of the hearth 5.
  • the valve 22 admits two positions, where a flap which it comprises is arranged respectively as shown in broken lines and in solid lines.
  • a flap which it comprises is arranged respectively as shown in broken lines and in solid lines.
  • the access to the conduit 23 is closed while that giving on the downstream part of the chimney is open, so that the fumes are directed towards this downstream part, whereas it is the reverse in the position corresponding to the solid line, in which the fumes produced in the incinerator 12 pass through the upstream part of the chimney 17, through the valve 22, and through the pipe 23 to reach the interior of the hearth 5.
  • the incinerator 12 has, above the grid 15, a guide 24 for drawing air intake situated between two side walls facing each other.
  • the vacuum breaker 27 makes it possible, by allowing air to enter the chimney 25, to prevent the vacuum upstream of the accelerator 26 from exceeding a predetermined threshold, which is particularly useful when the flap of the valve 22 is in the position shown in broken lines.
  • the burner 6 is of the pulsed flame type, with only one end portion which penetrates into the assembly 4, and only the end of its flame ejection means which is located inside the hearth 5, the intake of the fuel and oxidizer, which here are gas and air, being outside the assembly 4, respectively through the conduits 28 and 29.
  • the burner 6 is further provided so that its power can be adjusted as a function of a control signal which is applied to it by an electrical link 30 to one end of which it is connected, while the other end of this link is connected to a unit 31 for automatic regulation of the installation.
  • the unit 31 is also connected, by the electrical link 32, to a sensor 33 of the temperature of the hot fluid, disposed at the orifice 9 for the outlet of the hot fluid from the assembly 4, by the electrical link 34 to the accelerator 26, by the electrical link 35 to the valve 22, by the electrical link 36 to the temperature sensor 37 disposed on the chimney 17 upstream of the valve 22, and by the electrical link 38 to the fan 19.
  • the regulation carried out by the unit 31 is done (see curve 40 in FIG. 2) as a function of a nominal NOM setpoint for the temperature of the hot fluid, on either side of which a permitted deviation is defined which makes it possible to set a MIN minimum temperature setpoint and a MAX maximum temperature setpoint, as well as according to a temperature limit LIM setpoint, greater than the MAX setpoint, from which heat should no longer be added to the fluid.
  • the unit 31 has been programmed (it is here produced with a programmable automaton) to produce the signal for controlling the power of the burner 6 as a function of the signal supplied by the sensor 33, as well as as a function of the operating state. or stopping the draft accelerator 26.
  • the unit 31 produces, whatever the signal supplied by the sensor 33, a signal of absence of production of fire by the burner 6 if the accelerator 26 is not in operation.
  • the unit 31 is programmed to stop the operation of the accelerator 26 when the sensor 33 provides it with a signal representative of a temperature above LIM, and does not restart the accelerator 26 until the signal supplied by the sensor 33 is representative of a temperature below MIN.
  • the unit 31 is also programmed to stop the operation of the blower 19 of the incinerator 12 when the signal supplied by the sensor 33 is representative of a temperature becoming greater than LIM, and to not allow the operation of the fan 19 only when the burner 6 can be supplied again with a control signal at a power other than the absence of fire production.
  • the unit 31 is also programmed to pass the flap of the valve 22 in the position illustrated in solid lines only if the signal from the temperature sensor 37 is higher than a predetermined temperature, for example 250 ° C.
  • the installation operates in steady state, with the accelerator 26 operating, the valve 22 open and the blower 19 for activating the combustion of the waste 14 also operating (see curves 42 to 44), and with the temperature which is higher than the MAX setpoint (see curve 40), and therefore the power control signal of the burner 6 which is in the absence of fire production (0% of the power ).
  • the absence of heat input by the burner 6 causes the temperature of the hot fluid to decrease progressively, until the instant t 1 when the temperature of the hot fluid becomes lower than the MIN setpoint, so that the power signal of the burner 6 progressively passes to full power (100%), according to a predetermined progression which here provides a plateau at half power (50%) for various reasons, and in particular to avoid thermal shocks in the assembly 4.
  • the temperature of the hot fluid continues to increase and, at time t 4 , becomes greater than the LIM instruction, so that the unit 31 immediately stops operating the accelerator 26, allows the valve 22 to move into the closed position, and stops operating the activation blower 19, so that the totally the heat gains in the assembly 4, and it can be seen that the temperature of the hot fluid ends up reaching a maximum and then begins to decrease.
  • the temperature of the hot fluid becomes lower than the MIN setpoint, so that the unit 31 reactivates the pulling accelerator 26 (curve 42), so that it becomes possible to unit 31 to command the burner 6 again to produce fire with a certain power, which unit 31 does from time t 6 (curve 41), and as this command has been made possible, it also becomes possible for the unit 31 to pass the valve 22 with its flap in the position illustrated in solid lines, which occurs at time t 7 (curve 43), and makes it possible to restart operation of the fan 19, which occurs at time t 8 (curve 44).
  • FIG. 1 provision has been made in the installation of FIG. 1 for various safety measures, not described but well known, provided for by the regulations, and in particular not to authorize controlling the burner 6 to produce fire if the pump 1 for circulation of the fluid is not in operation.
  • the fluid to be heated is a special liquid for thermal installations, vaporizing at higher temperature than water, such as that sold under the name of GILOTHERM (registered trademark).
  • the MIN, MAX and LIM setpoints are for example set at 235 ° C, 245 ° C and 250 ° C respectively.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 an exemplary embodiment of the one-piece assembly 4.
  • the assembly 4 has a generally parallelepiped shape, and is designed to rest on the ground by means of feet formed by longitudinal bars 50.
  • the interior 51 of the hearth 5 forms a chamber delimited at the bottom by a layer 52 of refractory concrete, on the sides by a metal side wall 53, and on the top by a metal wall 54 separating the chamber 51 from the interior 60 of a liquid tank that includes the exchanger 7.
  • the assembly 4 comprises a peripheral wall 55 which comes to externally double the wall 53, then that the bottom wall 56 of the assembly 4, on which the concrete 52 is poured, goes to the wall 55, so that there is between the walls 53 and 55 a space in which the liquid can be contained , the assembly 4 further comprising two stepped walls arranged transversely between the walls 53 and 55, which create three superimposed compartments 57, 58 and 59 separated by the horizontal walls of the stepped walls (see FIG. 5 where these compartments are shown disjoint), through which the liquid must pass successively when it is circulates in set 4 (see details below).
  • the first stepped wall has a ramp 61 and a horizontal wall 62.
  • the ramp 61 is connected at its base to the wall 56, while at its top it is connected to the wall 62.
  • the latter is slightly less 'One complete turn, so that there is above and behind the wall 61 a passage 63, provided to allow the liquid present in the compartment 57, to pass to the compartment 58.
  • a tubular wall 64 is inserted, which extends outwards beyond the wall 55, and which is connected at its end to a plate 65 provided with fixing holes.
  • the wall 64 and the plate 65 are used for receiving the burner 6 in the assembly 4, the end part of the burner 6 being housed in the orifice delimited by the wall 64 while the plate 65 is used for fixing this burner by bolting.
  • the second stepped wall has a ramp and a horizontal wall making less than a full turn, respectively 66 and 67, the base of the ramp 66 connecting to the end of the wall 62 opposite to that connecting to the ramp 61, the top of the ramp 66 connecting to the wall 67, the latter stopping at the end situated to the right of the rear face of the hearth as seen in FIG. 5, which leaves above and behind the ramp 66 an orifice through which the liquid can pass from compartment 58 to compartment 59.
  • compartment 59 is closed by the wall 54 which separates the interior 51 of the hearth 5 from the interior 60 of the tank of the exchanger 7.
  • the peripheral wall 55 at its base, under the ramp 61, has an orifice 69 around which the end of a duct 70 (not shown in FIG. 5) is connected to the other end of which is the orifice 8 liquid inlet in the assembly 4 (see FIG. 3), the wall 55 also comprising, at the location that is seen at the top and rear of the panel located on the left in FIG. 5, an orifice (not shown ) of the liquid outlet towards one end of a fitting 71 at the other end of which is an inlet orifice in the tank of the exchanger 7.
  • the liquid entering the assembly 4 goes around the compartment 57, then is guided by the ramp 61 to rise so that it passes through the orifice 63 to join the compartment 58 which it also makes the complete turn until being guided to rise by the ramp 66, which makes it pass through the orifice 68 to join the compartment 59 of which it traverses the three faces up to to join conduit 71.
  • compartments 57 and 58 are approximately the same height, while the height of the compartment 59 is greater.
  • compartments 57 and 58 Since the plan section of each of these compartments remains constant, the liquid flow section in compartments 57 and 58 is smaller than that of compartment 59, and since the flow rate is the same in all compartments, the liquid circulation speed is higher in compartments 57 and 58.
  • the liquid is therefore capable of taking more heat from the compartments 57 and 58, which are precisely located at the level of the flame produced by the burner 6, that is to say at the level where the heat flow produced is the most important.
  • the walls 62, 67 and 54 are provided with degassing perforations 72, as shown in FIG. 6 for the wall 62.
  • the orifices 72 allow the vapor which may have formed from the liquid to pass directly from one compartment to the other without going around it, so as to avoid an accumulation of vapor.
  • the mouth 11 for the entry of smoke into the hearth is arranged above, and opposite to the receiving means 64 and 65 provided for the burner 6.
  • the part of the burner located inside the hearth (the end of the flame ejection means) is as far as possible from the mouth 11, so that the risks are minimized that the fumes penetrating in the hearth does not degrade this part of the burner, and more generally the latter, especially when it is not operating.
  • any unburnt fumes that these fumes could still contain (it is common for the fumes from a waste incinerator to have a certain quantity) will start to burn, which on the one hand will allow to benefit from an additional energy supply, and on the other hand will cause a purification of the fumes from the incinerator 12, the rejection of which at the The atmosphere will therefore be less polluting than if it had been carried out directly through the chimney 17.
  • the liquid-smoke heat exchanger 7 comprises a tank having an interior 60 where it is provided that the liquid circulates, this tank having in addition to the lower wall 54, a side wall 75, as well as an upper wall 76 which separates the interior 60 of the tank and the interior 77 of a smoke box 78 opening onto the discharge mouth 10.
  • the exchanger 7 also includes a bundle of identical tubes 80, parallel to each other, and each passing through the wall 54, the interior 60 of the tank and the wall 76, so that each tube has one end which is located in the chamber. 51 and in the interior 77 of the smoke box 78, the respective interiors of the tubes 80 forming the passage means which the smoke present in the chamber 51 uses to pass through the exchanger 7 and reach the smoke box 78.
  • the tank of the exchanger 7 comprises baffle plates, here three in number, respectively 81, 82 and 83, which create in the tank four superimposed compartments oriented transversely to the tubes 80, respectively 84, 85, 86 and 87.
  • the plates 81 to 83 are rectangular as is the plan section of the tank, but are shorter than the latter and fixed to the wall 75 by a first long side, one of the short sides and the second long side, a space remaining between the second short side and the wall 75 to allow passage between two successive compartments.
  • compartments 84 and 85 are on the right side in this figure, that between compartments 85 and 86 on the left, that between compartments 86 and 87 on the right, while the inlet opening in the tank, which is at one end of the duct 71, is located on the left, as well as the outlet opening of the tank formed in the wall 76.
  • Each baffle plate thus separates two successive compartments by letting them communicate by an end opposite to that by which the liquid enters the compartment below, so that the path of the liquid in the tank forms a zigzag, each branch of which corresponds to a compartment: the liquid enters compartment 84 from the left, it traverses this compartment to its right end at which it joins compartment 85 which it traverses to its left end to which it joins compartment 86 which it travels to its right end to which it joins compartment 87 which it travels to its left end from which it leaves the tank.
  • compartments 84 and 87 increase as one rises.
  • the liquid Since the plane section of the tank remains constant, the liquid will circulate less and less quickly as it passes from one compartment to the one located above it, which allows, as around the hearth 5, to adjust the speed of circulation of the liquid to the intensity of the heat flow to be transferred to the liquid through the walls of the tubes 80.
  • the liquid flow rate is of the order of 50 m 3 / h and the circulation speed respectively of 1.54 m / s, 0.77 m / s, 0.38 m / s, 0 , 32 m / s, 0.21 m / s and 0.16 m / s, respectively in compartments 57 and 58, 59, 84, 85, 86 and 87.
  • the tubes 80 are staggered, in the so-called "triangle step".
  • the liquid which passes between two tubes necessarily meets a tube of the following row, which makes it possible to harmonize in a particularly effective way the flow of the liquid in the compartments (the preferential currents are avoided) and therefore to obtain an excellent heat exchange coefficient.
  • the rectangular shape of the compartments offers the advantage that the flow section throughout a compartment remains constant, which is also favorable for having a homogeneous flow in the compartments.
  • the orifices made in the baffle plates 81 to 83 have dimensions slightly greater than the external dimensions of the tubes 80, so that there remains a small space through which the gases from a possible vaporization of the liquid can pass, which allows the degassing of the tank of the exchanger 7, that is to say of allowing these gases to rapidly gain the top of the tank.
  • the fluid outlet orifice in the tank (not shown) opens into an element 90 converging upwards, at the top of which is connected one end d 'a conduit 91 at the other end of which is the orifice 9 for fluid outlet from the assembly 4.
  • the discharge mouth 10 is disposed on a side wall of the smoke box 18, and that the upper wall of the latter is removable, by dismantling the bolts 92 (FIG. 3).
  • the sweeping of the tubes 80 is made possible by simple removal of the upper wall 93 of the smoke box, without it being necessary to dismantle the chimney which is connected to the mouth 10.
  • the interior 51 of the hearth 5 forms a closed chamber opening only on the burner mounting orifice 6 (orifice which is closed when the burner is put in place), on the smoke inlet mouth 11 and on the tubes 80 of the exchanger 7; the tubes 80 only open on the inside 51 of the hearth 5 and on the smoke box 78; while the latter only opens on the tubes 80 and on the smoke evacuation mouth 10.
  • the one-piece element 4 has externally, on its side walls and above, thermal insulation panels.
  • the tubes 80 and the baffle plates 81 to 83 are respectively vertical and horizontal, but alternatively, it is possible to provide a certain obliquity.
  • the casing of the incinerator 12, inside which the grid 15 is disposed, is generally formed by two bell-shaped elements, respectively a lower element 100 and an upper element 101, which are fitted head to tail one inside the other, with the end portion 102 of the side wall of the element 100 which looks at the end portion 103 of the side wall of the element 101, the portions 102 and 103 being here respectively arranged externally and internally.
  • the space between the portions 102 and 103 is part of the guide 24 for intake of draft air inside the incinerator, mentioned above, spacers (not shown) being provided so that the element 101 can be supported and maintained with respect to the element 100 while allowing air to circulate in the guide 24.
  • the guide 24 has a generally tubular shape, the outside air intake 104 being annular and arranged at the top of the guide 24 while at the base of this is the intake 105 of draft air. in the envelope, also annular.
  • the elements 100 and 101 of the incinerator casing can expand independently of each other, which avoids the creation of certain thermal stresses in the casing, and therefore facilitates the construction of the latter.
  • the grid 15 is disposed inside the envelope below the inlet 105, the lower element 100 comprising means for receiving this grid provided accordingly, the grid being mounted opposite vis the element 100 and vis-à-vis the blower 19, in a removable manner, so as to allow its replacement, and also to use the same element 100 for grids of different conformation.
  • the grid 15 is more precisely located at the portion 107 of the side wall of the lower element which is located below the portion 102, and which is internally covered with a layer 108 of refractory concrete in which are provided some of the means for receiving the grid 15.
  • the lower element 100 further comprises feet 109 for supporting the envelope, a trap 110 for emptying the ash, located at the center of its bottom 111, which is frustoconical, as well as a trap door 112, located at the level of the wall 107 and of the layer 108, the orifice of the hatch passing through this wall and this layer.
  • the bell-shaped upper element 101 has at its top the mouth 16 for evacuating the fumes, its upper wall comprising at its top, around this mouth, an inner coating 113 of ceramic, this material being chosen for this location for sustainability issues.
  • the door 13 for loading the waste or products to be burned is provided at the walls 102 and 103, an opening of the same dimensions as the door 13 being provided in each of these walls, the door 13 being mounted in the wall 103.
  • the grid 15 is formed by two hollow parallelepipedic elements 115 and 116 between which a number of tubes 117 and bars 118 are arranged.
  • the tubes 117 are arranged side by side horizontally so as to form a support plane for the waste while it is burning while the bars 118 are arranged above this plane, being also, at their level, arranged side by side. side horizontally, the bars 118 being provided for receiving from above the waste introduced into the incinerator 12 through the door 13, the waste thus introduced can only be deposited on the tubes 117 if they can pass between the bars 118, which thus prevent the newly introduced waste from suffocating the waste in the process of burning on the tubes 117, the shock undergone by the waste on their arrival on the bars 118 also making it possible to decompact it.
  • the tubes 117 are connected to the elements 115 and 116 so that their respective interiors communicate, the element 115 being further connected, at the level of an orifice not visible in FIG. 9, to the duct 21 of the fan 19, the element 115 thus serving as a distributor of the air supplied by the blower 19 in the various tubes 117.
  • each of these tubes has in its lower part elongated slots 120 which are the orifices through which the air introduced into the grid by the blower 19 is ejected.
  • the slots 120 being formed in the lowest part of the tubes 117, with edges parallel to each other, the air is ejected below the tubes 117, here with a speed of the order of 15 m / sec, it will browse some distance down with its speed which will slow down, then this air will start to rise and it will come into contact with the waste in the process of burning on the tubes 117, waste to which it will supply the so-called "primary” air, which is used to decompose the elements to be incinerated into combustion products which can then ignite thanks to the so-called "secondary" air arriving in the envelope through the guide 24.
  • the slots 120 are arranged on the bottom of the tubes 117, therefore makes it possible, owing to the fact that the air first descends downward and then rises, being distributed regularly, to supply it in a particularly homogeneous with the waste present on the grate, which is particularly useful for the quality of the combustion carried out in the incinerator 12, and avoids bringing too much air inside it, which would greatly dilute the fumes produced there, and therefore which would lower the temperature, and therefore lower the efficiency of the heat exchange taking place in the exchanger 7.
  • the slots 120 are particularly low risk of being blocked by the waste or by their ashes.
  • the parallelepipedic element 116 which is also hollow, also contributes to a certain extent to distribute the air introduced by the blower 19 into the different tubes 117.
  • the air ejected by the tubes 117 undergoes on its side a certain heating in these tubes, and since it also remains a certain time in the envelope before coming into contact with the waste disposed on the tubes 117, this air comes into contact with this waste with a relatively high temperature favorable for the good combustion of this waste.
  • the bars 118 are also hollow, so that the air circulates in them and provides them with a certain cooling favorable to their mechanical strength and over time.
  • the slots 120 are very elongated with a small space between them means that the air jets which escape therefrom, and which diverge, fairly quickly form a uniform front where the discontinuity caused by the spacing between the slots, this conformation of the slots also being favorable in terms of the resistance of the tubes.
  • the grid is possible in particular to provide for the grid to be formed with hollow elements provided with air ejection orifices which are arranged between them with a shape different from that of the grid 15.
  • the incinerator 12 is capable of being used independently, that is to say with smoke evacuation only through its own chimney, in which case a draft accelerator may be provided in the latter; and that the external source of smoke to which the assembly 4 is connected, may be different from the incinerator 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
EP95402731A 1994-12-06 1995-12-04 Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Stoffe Withdrawn EP0716265A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9414650A FR2727746A1 (fr) 1994-12-06 1994-12-06 Dispositif pour bruler des produits solides
FR9414650 1994-12-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0716265A1 true EP0716265A1 (de) 1996-06-12

Family

ID=9469518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95402731A Withdrawn EP0716265A1 (de) 1994-12-06 1995-12-04 Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Stoffe

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0716265A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2727746A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998048219A1 (en) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-29 Dell-Point Combustion Inc. Solid fuel burner for a heating apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191324923A (en) * 1913-11-01 1914-06-25 John Thomas Improvements in Destructor Furnaces or Stoves.
GB143796A (en) * 1919-11-14 1920-06-03 Ernest Pickard Improvements in and relating to furnaces
US1558683A (en) * 1924-08-01 1925-10-27 Gus F Lenk Incinerator
US1701613A (en) * 1925-02-04 1929-02-12 Shun Ichi Ono Fire grate with movable hollow fire bars
GB2159938A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-12-11 Doulton Ind Products Ltd Apparatus for burning waste material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191324923A (en) * 1913-11-01 1914-06-25 John Thomas Improvements in Destructor Furnaces or Stoves.
GB143796A (en) * 1919-11-14 1920-06-03 Ernest Pickard Improvements in and relating to furnaces
US1558683A (en) * 1924-08-01 1925-10-27 Gus F Lenk Incinerator
US1701613A (en) * 1925-02-04 1929-02-12 Shun Ichi Ono Fire grate with movable hollow fire bars
GB2159938A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-12-11 Doulton Ind Products Ltd Apparatus for burning waste material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998048219A1 (en) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-29 Dell-Point Combustion Inc. Solid fuel burner for a heating apparatus
US6336449B1 (en) 1997-04-24 2002-01-08 Dell-Point Combustion Inc. Solid fuel burner for a heating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2727746B1 (de) 1997-02-28
FR2727746A1 (fr) 1996-06-07

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