US1558683A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

I a G. F. LENK INCINERATOR Filed Aug. 1. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 In I 29 f, a lzam /3 G. F. LENK INCINERATOR File'd Aug. 1. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet z G. F. LENK v INGINERATOR Filed Aug. 1. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet s 61cm wag gnoe'ntow 6 f1 eme Patented Oct 27, 1925.

U NIT Gus r; LENK, or DAL-Lies; TEXAS.

INGIN'ER'ATOR.

Application filed August 1, 1924. Serial No. 729,653;

To all whom; it may concern:

Be it knowathat 1, Gus F. Lani; citizen of the United States of America, residing at Dallas, in the county of Dallas and State of i Texas, have invented certain new and use tul Improvements in incinerators, ot' which theltollbwing-i is a specification.

V This invention relates to new and useful i'in rovenients in incinerators.

The object of the invention is to provide aniniprove'd" type of incinerator highly efficient in cre'inat or inci'neratingmcarcasses, wet and dry garbage andoth'er otl'al and by arrangement and operation eliininating. alll odors, obnoxious and objectionable gases and smoke.

Another important object of the inven tion is to provide an incinerator capable of handling. the general run of city or. town garbage, trash, refuse or excrement; without becoming a community or locality;

A particular object of the invention is to provide a drying and preheating table within the main chamber of the furnace, upon which the ofi'al is duinpech whereby wet matter is drained and given a preliminary drying; whereby liquids are collected and evaporated; and whereby the charge is made more combustible and consumable.

Another. object is to utilize the waste heat to heat said table and thus not only make foreconoiny, but to extract from the Waste gases, heat units which would otherwise escape through the smoke stacli.

3; still further object is to provide ba-llie or division walls in the mainchaniber or the furnace extending from. the front wall to the table and between which bafflewalls the grates are located; whereby the flames arecaused to pass over and under the. matte r being burned and to whip around the ends of said walls and concentrate at a single outlet or escape duct at oneside of the furnace. a A11 advantage of; such a furnace is that it canhe built shallow from front to rear and elongated from side to side, thus p'erinitting the use: ofshorter sto-king tools and requiring less sto'k-ingwrooni; I v

A very important feature of; the Riven tion is the provision of. a tunnel or. passage under the evaporating table connect ng; at.

one. end with a super-combustion chamber.

and; connected at the; Q rl;1er, end within.

sino'lic stack,,togea1e with a grill at the nuisance ora detriment to a former end for restricting the passage of unconsuined matter and acting to spreadand' agitate unconsuined gases and odors; said tunnel not only heating the evaporating table, but absorbing heat units trom the otherwise waste products of combustion.

Another object of the invention is to provide a trough along the lowertront edge of the dr-yingtable in which liquids will be collected and evaporated and prevented from passingto" the grates and ash" pits;

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described together with other features of the invention.

The inventionwrll be more readily understood from a reading of the following specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

Fig. 1 is-afront elevation of an incinerator constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal;cross-sectional view Oifthe same above" the floor line,

Fig. 3 is a horizontalcross-sectional View on-the line 33 of Fig. 5,

Fig. l is a longitudinal vertical sectional view on the line44 of- Fig. 5,

Fig; 5; is anenlarged transverse vertical sectional view on the line 55' of Fig. 1',

- Fig-.- 6 is an enlarged sectionalview of one of the charging hoppers,

Fig-.7 is a detail of one of the roof block units of the burning chamber, and

Sis asectiona-lview of a' portion Of said roof.

In the drawings the numeral 10 designates a base upon whicha front wall 11, anend wall 12, area-r wall 13 and an end 145 are erected These alls and thebase are suitably constructed. in accordance with inci'n erator engineering, The rectangular struts.- tureforn edby these parts is comparatively shallow from front to rear in pro-portionv to its length between the end walls. This is ani nportant featureas it permits all parts of the interior to be reached thnoughopem lugs. inithe front wall,- with; a! short; handle:

ra keandthns cutsladowril the-ustoking; izoonr.

usually tequi a-adds. front; cit. :tlie incineratora A floor 15 is supported at the uppener s;-

of the walla d is, composed oft-a concrete at right angles to" each other; and :11 their atirentedin the W mixturereinforced I-bea 'ns 16. extending no 7 of the building.

tical division wall 17 adjacent the wall. 14 divides the interior of the incinerator, the greater portion, about four-fifths more or less, lying to the right (Figs. 3 and 4) and constituting a main or burning chamber. I provide a floating or detached roof or arch for this chamber composed of fire resisting blocks or tile 18, suspended from clamps 19 (Fig. 7) supported by eye bolts 20 depending from hangers 2 1 clamped to the beams 16. These blocks may assume a desired form and while fitting together are not tied to the walls of the furnace, thus allowing for expansion and contraction and permitting ready removal and replacing.

Over the rear portion of the chamber the roof is horizontal, but is inclined downwardly over the front portion thereof. By using square blocks uniformity is had, and rectangular charging hoppers 22 may be used. The hoppers have their upper ends flanged and countersunk in the floor 15.. Each hopper has a vertical collar 23 secured to its lower end and surrounded by the blocks 18'of the roof. The details of the hopper form the subject matter of a copending application filed August 1, 192 1,

Ser. No. 729,650. In each collar is hingeda covercomposed of a tire resisting tile 24: secured in a back 25. The tile rests upon an interior flange 23 at the bottom of the collar. From the front endof each cover a flexible connection 26 extends upward and passes behind a pulley 27 on the rear wall By this means the cover may be swung upward in a' convenient manner.

The hoppers have their greatest length directed forwardly as is shown in Fig. 2 and are located near the rear wall 13. lVithin the burning chamber and under the hoppers is an evaporating-and drying table 28 inclined downwardly from the rear wall and having its front end supported above the base 10 on a vertical wall 29. The table is suitably forn'ied of fire resisting material and may be made in sections or blocks so as to be replaced. This elevated table has a longitudinal sump or trough 30 along its front edge for catching and retaining the liquids, whereby the latter are evapo' rated and prevented from flowing'down into the ash pits. This table is arched over a flue. or tunnel 32 extending parallel to the rear wall 13 and behind the wall 29. The bottom of the tunnel is formed by the base 10. As will be hereinafter explained the hot gases and air currentsescaping from the burning chamber pass through said tunnel, thus heating the table from the underside.

The burning chamber is divided by transverse vertical baffle walls 33 extending from the base 10 to the roof and from the front wall 11 to the wall 29 and the front edge of the table. Between the walls 33 and on each side thereof, are fire grates 3 1 of' any suitable type. These grates aresupported by the walls 11, 12, 17, 29 and 33 above the base 10 and about midway the height of the front of the table 28. Ash pits 35 are formed below the fire grates and access is had thereto through doors 36 in the front Wall 11.

Above the grates 34 are suspension grates 37 located in a plane approximately flush to the front edge of the table, but subject to variation. These grates are of the water circulating type and form the subject matter of a copending application filed August 1, 1924, Ser. No. 729,652. The suspension grates are much more open than the fire grates and have spaces for small articles and pieces to drop through. The purpose of the suspension grates is to elevate above the main fire, carcasses, and other slow burning matter, whereby it will be partially consumed and disintegrated before dropping through to the fire grates. Doors 38 in the front wall 11 give access to the spaces between thegrates 3 1 and 37. Above the grates37 inwardly flared (Figs. 3 and liners 39 are mounted in doorways in the front walls and are closed by doors 10. By means of the flared openings the grates may be more freely stoked and this same struc ture may be adopted in connection with the doors 36 and 38.

Each battle wall has a central opening -11 extending from a point between the grates 34 and 37 to the roof of the burning chamher. A similar but larger opening 12 is provided in the wall 17 for the escape of the products. It will be seen that the air currents and flames will pass through the openings 4-1 in the batlle walls above the grates 34 and above and below the grates 37, thus thoroughly igniting and burning the matter deposited on said grates. The flames and currents will also whip around the rear ends of the balfle walls and pass over the table28. The flames, currents and gases will be drawn toward the opening 42 and at this point the fire will be most intense, providing a cut-off tire through which all products must pass.

1t is to be understood that the suspension grates might be omitted and matter permitted to drop upon the the grates 31 from the table. ,It is also possible to construct the furnace without the bafiie walls 33. The long shallow burning chamber is of particulauadvantage as it is more easily stoked and permits a quicker spreading otthe charge. The drying table is very essential I in burning wet and slow burning matter.

Between the division wall 17 and the end wall 1 1 I form an intensifying chamber 13 and a combustion chamber a, through which the products escaping from the open- (ill . 111 1-2. The chamber 43 at the front oft' the incinerator and is separated trom the chamber 44 by a partition e5 extending from the base to the arohed roof 4C6 beti'veen the Walls l t and 17. The partition has an -=a1." ':hed opening Access through to the chan'iber L3 isha'd by doors ldand 4.9 in the front Wall, matter being introduced through the upper door 49 and ashes removed through the lower door 48. d It is proposed to introduce tin cans and other non-coinlnistible matter inked from the g latt stit, into the chamber 43. This will become intensely hot and intensi ry' he fire, so that ases passingthrough the opening lilivill be consumeth Ther'ofoft being higher than theopening 42 and the :irched opening 47, will cause n 'hirling action in the chamber =13, whereby combustion will be promoted and odors dissipated.

The currents and gases passing through the o enings? enter the combustion chamber t t. This chamber is supplied with fresh air by a duet mmrtending through the front Wall 11 mime Qlltldlttll l-t and discharging into saidchanflber. If the sesand currents are not completely cremated iifhen reaching" lbe chamber it-l the in ect'i'on otoxygen 'troi'n the duct 50 will tend to complete the combustion" of the and el nniiia'tion .o'l' odors. An opening: 51 prov des an entrance to the tunnel 82 and a grille e52 placed in this; (queuing. The currents and gases after Cir ru'lating in the chamber 4 are drawn down through the g-i-iileinto the tunnel. I

The grille serves not only to prevent the passage" ot nnconsiiniedmatter into the tunnel, but also acts to spread and agitate any smoke, odors or gases which may pass therethrough. The hot currents passing tlirougrh the tunnel under the table 28 will adequately heat the same. Also any products escaping, into the tunnel will be subjected to a final rombnstioin so that any odors escaping from the chamber 44: are given final treatment in the tunnel.

Ducts entering the end Wall 12 terminate at the tunnel and the currents from the tunnel pass through these ducts. The ducts have their opposite ends entering a detached smoke stack 51: of suitable construction. It is Witlllll thescope of the invention to have the tunnel (1.: )harge directly into the stack and thus eliminate the ducts. These ducts form part of a forced draft system Which is more fully set forth in a co-pending application filed Aug. 1, 1924, Ser. No. 729,649. As natural drattt may be supplied through the doors 36, the forced draft is an optional equipment.

The forced draft't equipinentcomprises a suction ftan driven by a inotbl. 56 and loca't'ed adjacent the ducts. The fan will draw aii'froin between the ducts. such air will be heated by the ducts, so that preheated air is employed. The air is discharged from the tan, under pressure, into an elbow 5T which delivers it to a manifold pipe 58 countersunk in the base 10 Milli-Extending through the ash pits. iis'ers 59 extend up; wardly in each ash pit from the pipe 58 and t'ern'iinate in nozzles 60 directed under the grates 34. y p

. In operatingth'e incinerat'o" a fire is first started onthe ates 31 in any suitable manner. hi'cinerat'ors of thistype are usually built in 'liouses and an approach (not shown) leads upto the floor The truck; or Wagon is driven onto the fioor l5 and after the tiles 2% are swung upiy" jd by means of the connectionsitti to open the hopper the charge of the garbage and trash dumped and pushed through the said hoppers intothe incinerator. v The incinerator haying becon e hotby the products of combustion' passing through tunnel 32, whereby tlie'tabl'e 28 lieatet lhthe garbage falling upon said table, trill be dried. The liquid in the garbage Willcolflect in the trough 31, whereby it till be eyapor'atedl Owing to the inclination of the table the garbage will slide doi'vn' the same or it ma be raked onto the suspension grates 37. The flaring liners 39 Willp'cr n'iit the rake to be easily placed at any desired point. These grates 37 being widely spaced Will permit the small pieces to ran through, but larger material, such vas carcasses, large rags, etc, will be held insus pension and maybe scattered so as to be further dried and more readily consun'ied. The fire burning in the grates 34 and the i'naterial ignited on the gr tes 37,as Well as the table 28, inakes for e1 cient burning. Natural draft may be supplied through the doors 36 or forced draft from the nozzle 6'0.

The flames and gases will pass through the openings e1 in the battle walls 38 and Will Whip around the rear ends of said baffie Walls of the table 28. The opening 42 in the division wall. 17 provides for a draft which pulls the flames of the fire toward said opening Where'they concentrate. All gases, odors and smoke must pass through the concentrated flames at the outlet 42. A very high temperature is maintained in the main burning chamber and practically all of the volatile matter will be consumed therein.

However the air currents passing from the H ll of metal after being raked from the grates 34 and 37 are introduced in the chamber 43 through the door 49. Such matter will absorb and hold the heat from the flames entering through the opening 42. This matter will become oxidized and crumble to ashes. Should any odors, smoke or gases not be consumed in passing through the fire at the opening 42, such will be subjected to combustion in the chamber 43. The currents will rise to the arched top 46 of this chamber and be whirled before passing through the opening 47.

The chamber 44 is supplied with fresh air through the duct 50 and the oxygen thus fed into this combustion chamber will assist in causing a complete combustion of products passing through the opening 47. Any unconsumed matter entering the chamber 44 will be arrested by the grille 52 which will also scatter and agitate the odors and gases entering the tunnel 32. The stack 54 will create a draft through the ducts 53 and the tunnel where the products will be accelerated. The products passing through the tunnel will thoroughly heat the table 28 and in so passing will be deprived of any odors which may have escaped from the chamber 44.

The evaporating table and tunnel are the essential features of this invention and make for the success of the incinerator. The currents passing through the tunnel will have a very high temperature and the table 28 will be heated to a very high degree so that wet garbage upon striking the table will be quickly dried and liquid collected in the trough 31 will be very rapidly evaporated. While the suspension grates 37 might be eliminated they prevent the packing of slow burning material on the grates 34 and also give the advantage of a top fire and under fire which has been found to be very eflicient.

Various changes in the size and shape of the difierent parts, as well as modifications and alterations may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim, is:

1. In an incinerator, the combination of a main burning chamber having a charging hole in its roof, an elevated inclined drying table contiguous to the rear wall of the chamber and having a liquid evaporating trough along its front edge, baffle walls in said chamber extending from the front walls to the table, grates mounted between said baffie walls in front of said table, the chamber having doors in the front walls above and below said" grates, and. a tunnel outside of the chamber extending under said table and connected with said chamber.

2. In an incinerator, the combination of a main burning chamber having a roof with a charging holetherein, an inclined drying table along the rear wall of the chamber under the charging hole, the table having its front edge extending longitudinally of the central portion of the chamber, a liquid collecting trough contiguous to the front edge of the table, baffle walls in the chamber extending from the front edge of the table to the front wall of said chamber. grates in the spaces between the bafiie walls and also between the baflie walls and the sides of thechamber, the chamber having its sole draft outlet in one of the side walls, and a tunnel extending longitudinally under the drying table free from communication with the burning chamber except through the said outlet thereof.

3. In an incinerator, the combination of a main burnng chamber having a charging hole in its roof, an elevated inclined drying table contiguous to the rear wall of the chamber and having a liquid evaporating trough along its front edge, baffle walls in said chamber extending from the front walls to the table, grates mounted between said baffles walls in front of said table, 1

and a tunnel outside of the chamber extending under said table and connected with said chamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

GUS F. LENK.

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