EP0715285B1 - Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of vehicles - Google Patents

Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0715285B1
EP0715285B1 EP95250276A EP95250276A EP0715285B1 EP 0715285 B1 EP0715285 B1 EP 0715285B1 EP 95250276 A EP95250276 A EP 95250276A EP 95250276 A EP95250276 A EP 95250276A EP 0715285 B1 EP0715285 B1 EP 0715285B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicles
data
vehicle
transmitted
preset values
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95250276A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0715285A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Dipl.-Ing. Hort
Werner Dr. Schulz
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Heimann
Karlheinz Dipl.-Math. Schlottbom
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
    • G08G1/0141—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications for traffic information dissemination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0108—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data
    • G08G1/0112—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data from the vehicle, e.g. floating car data [FCD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
    • G08G1/0133—Traffic data processing for classifying traffic situation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing a vehicle Vehicle fleet, in particular a sample vehicle fleet to be transferred Amount of data from vehicle data, the information about the operating status and / or the surroundings of the vehicles and position data Information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined Coordinate system included at a certain point in time after detection the resulting vehicle and position data in the vehicle for wireless Transmission of vehicle and position data to a higher-level Traffic calculator.
  • Data records that include the position data of the vehicles in the vehicle fleet and the have corresponding vehicle data from the vehicles via radio to the To receive the receiving point of the higher-level traffic computer have several disadvantages.
  • the higher-level traffic calculator must be based on the predetermined algorithms from the received data sets Calculate information or predictions.
  • the computing load of the parent traffic calculator the larger the processed Amount of data is. That of each sample vehicle in the fleet after a fixed
  • data records transmitted in the schema contain at least partially at the moment superfluous data that unnecessarily increase the computing load, which u. a. especially then the case is when multiple vehicles in the sample vehicle fleet share the same road drive on.
  • the invention provides that the vehicles of the vehicle fleet collectively, or if these form an organizational unit individually, it is predetermined which of the accruing vehicle and position data under which conditions at the higher-level traffic computers are to be transmitted.
  • a data transfer can for example depending on a distance traveled and / or Period of time are triggered.
  • the vehicles can also have a Receive instructions on which geographic positions or which ones When the vehicle and position data are to be recorded Has.
  • the specification is made at least temporarily by wireless transmission from one outside of the vehicles fixed default device.
  • the specifications of the specification device are expediently entered via a Mobile communication device, in particular via radio telephone or radio, to the Vehicles transmitted.
  • a radio telephone has the advantage of two-way communication.
  • the transmission via radio or traffic radio relieves the load on the radio telephone network and only requires a decoder for what is usually already there Receiving device, e.g. a car radio.
  • the radio telephone network load especially at various radio telephone networks with a short range, can also be used for Information gathering used, for example, with regard to traffic density become.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that with the The only requirement for vehicles is the spatial or temporal spacing of the Transmission of vehicle and position data is transmitted.
  • the spatial or is the time interval between data transmission to a higher-level traffic computer thereby for all vehicles or for one type of vehicle (truck or car) or for everyone vehicles in a given geographic area constant and is given to the vehicles depending on the situation. It is a Adaptation to the current situation, which can be achieved with relatively simple means current road conditions and / or the spatial distribution of the vehicle fleet.
  • the Invention proposed that a typical in the specification of the vehicles Driving profile (e.g. traffic jam or slow-moving traffic or city traffic) transmitted or is activated from an existing stock in the vehicle, if available The vehicle and position data are immediately transmitted. This creates the opportunity to target specific and immediate To be able to react to traffic situations.
  • a typical in the specification of the vehicles Driving profile e.g. traffic jam or slow-moving traffic or city traffic
  • the vehicle and position data are immediately transmitted. This creates the opportunity to target specific and immediate To be able to react to traffic situations.
  • An additional relief of the radio telephone network is achieved in that The default is to temporarily mute vehicles. This is especially when the radio telephone network is overloaded or when there is very little Traffic is an advantage.
  • the specifications be made individually to the Vehicles of the vehicle fleet are transmitted if the vehicle fleet has a forms an organizational unit, especially for bus companies, freight forwarders and the like.
  • the figure shows schematically the course of several streets and a motorway and the positions of the Vehicles at a certain time.
  • the course of the Motorway section and the street sections are the positions of the vehicles too a certain point in time in the form of black dots, which are in move in the direction of the motorway and road sections.
  • the All of the vehicle and position data of a vehicle fleet, for example, with five hundred vehicles would already be a very large one in one Cellular radio network cell to be transmitted simultaneously and by the parent Traffic calculator mean amount of data to be processed.
  • a vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle that continuously changing state variables such as B. the speed that Engine speed, outside temperature, humidity, etc.
  • the Vehicle also has sensors that detect discrete state variables, such as. B. the Position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, Rear window heating, etc.) record.
  • the vehicle is still with devices equipped, the operation of active devices (actuators) such.
  • actuators such.
  • ASR Display traction control system
  • Also owns the vehicle as a positioning system e.g. a GPS receiver (GPS same as Global Positioning System) as a positioning device.
  • GPS receiver GPS same as Global Positioning System
  • the GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals that the current position (length, width, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined Coordinate system (longitude. Latitude) contains.
  • the sensors and The data generated for the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the Vehicle data from which a higher-level traffic computer or a system of decentralized computers in connection with the corresponding Position data (including the associated time data) information or Can calculate predictions about traffic conditions and road conditions.
  • the on-board computer also controls and monitors data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer, which takes place via a radio telephone network.
  • the on-board computer receives the respective specifications of the higher-level Traffic calculator.
  • the requirements for the vehicles essentially contain instructions about which of the resulting vehicle and position data to the higher-level Traffic computers are to be transmitted, and according to which covered Distances and / or time spans.
  • the specification of a maximum time period is for provided the cases where due to a traffic jam and in the event of a vehicle failure the specified distance is only covered after a very long time or not.
  • the vehicles are given which ones geographical positions, in which geographic areas or to which Points in time of the acquisition of the vehicle and position data and / or The data must be transferred to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • Amounts of data can also meet special conditions (e.g.
  • the specifications for the vehicles in this regard be changed so that only the vehicles on this road or in this area their Transmit data to the higher-level traffic computer, so that a dynamic Adaptation of the amount of data transferred to the requirements of Traffic detection is possible and at the same time the radio telephone network is as little as is possibly charged.
  • the vehicle traffic on the road on which the vehicles are F12 - F15 are not peculiar, so the data of these four Vehicles are all within a narrow tolerance band and therefore in the Within the given accuracy are to be regarded as the same, the default look for these four vehicles so that only the position data in relatively large Time intervals are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the Vehicles are also subject to limit values, for example for the medium speed and for the medium fluctuation range of the medium Get speed transmitted, if it is exceeded or undershot a Immediate transmission of vehicle and position data to the parent Traffic calculator has to be done.
  • the higher-level traffic computer In the event of an accident on the motorway between vehicles F3 and F4, the higher-level traffic computer request vehicles F1 to F3 by default, to transmit certain vehicle and position data at very short intervals, while the specifications of vehicles F4 to F7 do not initially change.
  • the high data density caused by the accident can affect the parent Traffic computers overload when vehicles F12 to F14, as specified want to transfer their data at this time as well.
  • the higher-level traffic computer can control vehicles F12 temporarily mute to F14 by means of a corresponding specification, i.e. any Prevent data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the specifications are sent from the higher-level traffic computer to a Hand over default device and from the default device via radio to the Transfer vehicles.
  • An acknowledgment of receipt of the specifications by the Vehicles are usually not provided, but is a possible variant, for example in areas with poor reception conditions.
  • the default device is fixed outside the vehicles and data technology directly connected to the higher-level traffic computer.
  • the specifications broadcast by the default device are received via the radio receiver available in the vehicles, the integrated Decoder filters out the specifications from the received signals. Of the Radio receiving device will be the default over that installed in the vehicle Transfer the data bus to the on-board computer.
  • the on-board computer constantly checks whether the temporarily stored vehicle and position data at the parent Traffic calculator must be transmitted.
  • the vehicle data is a data set consisting of time and position data assigned.
  • the position data is sent to the GPS by the on-board computer - Receiver provided immediately and in the memory of the on-board computer filed. If the requirements specified in the specifications apply, the On-board computer via radio telephone the data connection to the parent Traffic computer and successively transfers the requested in the specification Records.
  • the data is already processed by the On-board computer. For example, the street can be based on the position data be determined on which the vehicle is currently located.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The information reduction system is used for the information relating to the driving conditions and the traffic conditions transmitted from a floating car to the traffic control centre, together with information on the vehicle position relative to a defined coordinate system. Each vehicle within the floating car fleet providing the driving and traffic information responds to instructions provided by roadside devices linked to the traffic control centre, indicating which information is required, the information transmission effected in accordance with these instructions, via an onboard computer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Fahrzeugflotte, insbesondere einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge von Fahrzeugdaten, die Informationen über den Betriebszustand und/oder die Umgebung der Fahrzeuge enthalten, und Positionsdaten, die Informationen über die Position der Fahrzeuge in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem jeweils zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt enthalten, nach Erfassen der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten im Fahrzeug für die drahtlose Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner.The invention relates to a method for reducing a vehicle Vehicle fleet, in particular a sample vehicle fleet to be transferred Amount of data from vehicle data, the information about the operating status and / or the surroundings of the vehicles and position data Information about the position of the vehicles in a predetermined Coordinate system included at a certain point in time after detection the resulting vehicle and position data in the vehicle for wireless Transmission of vehicle and position data to a higher-level Traffic calculator.

Aus dem Dokument DE-A-4 105 584 ist bekannt, daß Informationen über Ort und Geschwindigkeit von Fahrzeugen automatisch erfaßt werden und an die Zentrale weitergeleitet werden. Dafür wird das Funktelefonnetz verwendet.From document DE-A-4 105 584 it is known that Information about location and speed of Vehicles are automatically recorded and sent to the Head office to be forwarded. For that it will Cellular phone network used.

Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 195 08 486 ist es bekannt, zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslage- oder Straßenzustandsdaten eine Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu verwenden, bei der als "floating cars" bezeichnete Stichprobenfahrzeuge zum Beispiel über Funk vorbestimmte Fahrzeugdaten und dazugehörige Positionsdaten an eine Empfangsstelle eines übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners übermitteln. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten kann dann der übergeordnete Verkehrsrechner anhand vorbestimmter Algorithmen die Verkehrslage ermitteln oder zum Beispiel Rückschlüsse auf Umgebungsbedingungen wie Nässe oder Vereisung der Straße, Nebel etc. gewinnen.From the unpublished DE 195 08 486 it is known to determine Traffic or road condition data to a sample vehicle fleet use, for example, sample vehicles referred to as "floating cars" predetermined vehicle data and associated position data via radio to a Send the receiving point of a higher-level traffic computer. With the help of this The higher-level traffic computer can then use predetermined data Algorithms determine the traffic situation or draw conclusions, for example Win environmental conditions such as wetness or icing of the road, fog etc.

Dazu ist es zum Beispiel möglich, kontinuierlich oder in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Datensätze, die die Positionsdaten der Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte und die entsprechenden Fahrzeugdaten aufweisen, von den Fahrzeugen über Funk an die Empfangsstelle des übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners zu übermitteln. Ein solches System hat verschiedene Nachteile. Erstens hat ein Funknetz wie zum Beispiel ein GSM-Netz keine unbegrenzte Kapazität, so daß es zu einer Überlastung des Netzes kommen kann. Zweitens muß der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner anhand der vorbestimmten Algorithmen aus den empfangenen Datensätzen die gewünschten Informationen oder Vorhersagen errechnen. Dabei wird die Rechenlast des übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners umso größer, je größer die zu verarbeitende Datenmenge ist. Die von jedem Stichprobenfahrzeug der Flotte nach einem festen Schema übermittelten Datensätze enthalten aber zumindestens teilweise momentan überflüssige Daten, die die Rechenlast unnötig erhöhen, was u. a. insbesondere dann der Fall ist, wenn mehrere Fahrzeuge der Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte dieselbe Straße befahren.For this it is possible, for example, continuously or at predetermined time intervals Data records that include the position data of the vehicles in the vehicle fleet and the have corresponding vehicle data from the vehicles via radio to the To receive the receiving point of the higher-level traffic computer. Such one System has several disadvantages. First, has a radio network such as one GSM network does not have unlimited capacity, so there is congestion of the network can come. Second, the higher-level traffic calculator must be based on the predetermined algorithms from the received data sets Calculate information or predictions. The computing load of the parent traffic calculator, the larger the processed Amount of data is. That of each sample vehicle in the fleet after a fixed However, data records transmitted in the schema contain at least partially at the moment superfluous data that unnecessarily increase the computing load, which u. a. especially then the case is when multiple vehicles in the sample vehicle fleet share the same road drive on.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Reduzierung der aus den Fahrzeugen einer Fahrzeugflotte an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmenge anzugeben, ohne daß bei schwierigen Verkehrslagen oder Straßenzuständen ein Datendefizit auftritt.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from the vehicles of a vehicle fleet to a higher-level traffic computer without a data deficit occurring in difficult traffic situations or road conditions.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Unteransprüche 2 bis 10 ist dieses Verfahren in vorteilhafter Weise weiter ausgestaltbar.According to the invention, this object is achieved with those in claim 1 specified features. Due to the characteristic features of the subclaims 2 to 10, this method can be further developed in an advantageous manner.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, daß den Fahrzeugen der Fahrzeugflotte kollektiv, oder wenn diese eine organisatorische Einheit bilden individuell, vorgegeben wird, welche der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten unter welchen Bedingungen an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragen sind. Eine Datenübertragung kann beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von einer zurückgelegten Wegstrecke und/oder Zeitspanne ausgelöst werden. Insbesondere können die Fahrzeuge auch eine Vorgabe darüber erhalten, an welchen geographischen Positionen oder zu welchen Zeitpunkten die Erfassung der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu erfolgen hat. Die Vorgabe erfolgt zumindest zeitweise durch drahtlose Übertragung von einer außerhalb der Fahrzeuge fest angeordneten Vorgabeeinrichtung.The invention provides that the vehicles of the vehicle fleet collectively, or if these form an organizational unit individually, it is predetermined which of the accruing vehicle and position data under which conditions at the higher-level traffic computers are to be transmitted. A data transfer can for example depending on a distance traveled and / or Period of time are triggered. In particular, the vehicles can also have a Receive instructions on which geographic positions or which ones When the vehicle and position data are to be recorded Has. The specification is made at least temporarily by wireless transmission from one outside of the vehicles fixed default device.

Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß zu jedem Zeitpunkt die zu übertragende Datenmenge an die aktuelle Verlehrslage, den aktuellen Straßenzustand und die räumliche Verteilung der Fahrzeugflotte optimal angepaßt werden kann. Durch Vorgabe eines geographischen Positionsbereichs ist es beispielsweise auch möglich, nur diejenigen Fahrzeuge zur Übertragung ihrer Daten zu veranlassen, die sich in einem vorgegebenen geographischen Gebiet aufhalten oder eine bestimmte Straße befahren. Die Übertragung redundanter Daten wird dadurch nahezu vermieden. Den Fahrzeugen werden je nach Erfordernis verschiedene "Rollen" bei der Stichprobenentnahme zugewiesen; die Rollenzuweisung erfolgt bei der kollektiven Vorgabe völlig anonym, d.h. eine aufwendige Identifizierung der Fahrzeuge erfolgt bei der kollektiven Vorgabe nicht.This ensures that the amount of data to be transferred is available at all times the current situation, the current road conditions and the spatial distribution the vehicle fleet can be optimally adapted. By specifying a geographic position range it is also possible, for example, only those Arrange vehicles to transfer their data, which is in a stop at a given geographic area or a certain street drive on. The transfer of redundant data is almost avoided. The Vehicles are assigned various "roles" at the Sampling assigned; the roles are assigned to the collective Specification completely anonymous, i.e. complicated identification of the vehicles takes place at not the collective target.

Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Vorgaben der Vorgabeeinrichtung über ein Mobilkommunikationsgerät, insbesondere über Funktelefon oder Radio, an die Fahrzeuge übermittelt. Ein Funktelefon hat den Vorteil einer Zweiwegekommunikation. Die Übertragung über Radio oder Verkehrsfunk entlastet dagegen das Funktelefonnetz und erfordert lediglich einen Dekoder für das ohnehin meist vorhandene Empfangsgerät, z.B. ein Autoradio. Die Funktelefonnetzbelastung, insbesondere bei verschiedenen Funktelefonnetzen mit kleiner Reichweite, kann darüberhinaus zur Informationsgewinnung beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Verkehrsdichte verwendet werden.The specifications of the specification device are expediently entered via a Mobile communication device, in particular via radio telephone or radio, to the Vehicles transmitted. A radio telephone has the advantage of two-way communication. The transmission via radio or traffic radio, however, relieves the load on the radio telephone network and only requires a decoder for what is usually already there Receiving device, e.g. a car radio. The radio telephone network load, especially at various radio telephone networks with a short range, can also be used for Information gathering used, for example, with regard to traffic density become.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß mit der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge jeweils nur der räumliche oder zeitliche Abstand der Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten übermittelt wird. Der räumliche oder zeitliche Abstand der Datenübertragung an einen übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner ist dabei für alle Fahrzeuge oder für eine Fahrzeugart (LKW oder PKW) oder für alle sich in einem vorgegebenen geographischen Gebiet aufhaltenden Fahrzeuge konstant und wird den Fahrzeugen situationsabhängig vorgegeben. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine mit relativ einfachen Mitteln zu erzielende Anpassung an die aktuelle Verlehrslage, den aktuellen Straßenzustand und/oder die räumliche Verteilung der Fahrzeugflotte.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that with the The only requirement for vehicles is the spatial or temporal spacing of the Transmission of vehicle and position data is transmitted. The spatial or is the time interval between data transmission to a higher-level traffic computer thereby for all vehicles or for one type of vehicle (truck or car) or for everyone vehicles in a given geographic area constant and is given to the vehicles depending on the situation. It is a Adaptation to the current situation, which can be achieved with relatively simple means current road conditions and / or the spatial distribution of the vehicle fleet.

Zur Erzielung einer noch besseren Anpassung der Stichprobennahme an die aktuelle Verlehrslage und den aktuellen Straßenzustand ist es vorgesehen, daß mit der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge für bestimmte Fahrzeug- und/oder Positionsdaten Grenzwerte übermittelt werden, bei deren Über- oder Unterschreitung eine Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt. Eine solche Vorgabe gibt den Fahrzeugen der Fahrzeugflotte die Möglichkeit, bei Auftreten bestimmter vorgegebener Situationen, die für die Verkehrslage oder den Straßenzustand gemäß Vorgabe relevant sind, sofort mit der Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und/oder Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu reagieren, ansonsten aber das Funktelefonnetz nicht unnötig zu belasten.To achieve an even better adjustment of the sampling to the current one Verlehrslage and the current road conditions, it is provided that with the Specification for the vehicles for certain vehicle and / or position data Limit values are transmitted, if they are exceeded or undershot a Vehicle and position data are transferred. Such a requirement gives the Vehicles in the vehicle fleet have the option of certain given situations that are appropriate for the traffic situation or the road conditions Relevant are relevant immediately with the transfer of the vehicle and / or Position data to respond to the higher-level traffic computer, but otherwise not unnecessarily burden the radio telephone network.

Für eine relevante Einschätzung der Entwicklung der Verkehrssituation wird durch die Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß in der Vorgabe an die Fahrzeuge ein typisches Fahrprofil (z.B. Stau oder zähfließender Verkehr oder Stadtverkehr) übermittelt oder aus einem im Fahrzeug vorhandenen Bestand aktiviert wird, bei deren Vorliegen jeweils eine unverzügliche Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten erfolgt. Dadurch wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen, sofort und gezielt auf spezifische Verkehrssituationen reagieren zu können.For a relevant assessment of the development of the traffic situation, the Invention proposed that a typical in the specification of the vehicles Driving profile (e.g. traffic jam or slow-moving traffic or city traffic) transmitted or is activated from an existing stock in the vehicle, if available The vehicle and position data are immediately transmitted. This creates the opportunity to target specific and immediate To be able to react to traffic situations.

Eine zusätzliche Entlastung des Funktelefonnetzes wird dadurch erreicht, daß in der Vorgabe eine zeitweilige Stummschaltung von Fahrzeugen vorgesehen ist. Das ist besonders bei Überlastung des Funktelefonnetzes oder aber bei sehr geringem Verkehrsaufkommen von Vorteil.An additional relief of the radio telephone network is achieved in that The default is to temporarily mute vehicles. This is especially when the radio telephone network is overloaded or when there is very little Traffic is an advantage.

Zur Vereinfachung der Datenerfassung und -aufbereitung in den Fahrzeugen wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Datenaustausch mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zweckmäßigerweise durch einen in den Fahrzeugen vorgesehenen Bordcomputer gesteuert wird.To simplify data acquisition and processing in vehicles suggested that data exchange with the parent traffic computer expediently by an on-board computer provided in the vehicles is controlled.

Um die Steuerung der Datenerfassung schnell und effektiv u.a. mit Verkehrsplanungen, -steuerungen und -prognosen verbinden zu können, ist es vorgesehen, daß die Vorgabeeinrichtung datentechnisch mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner verbunden wird.To control data collection quickly and effectively, i.a. With It is to be able to combine traffic planning, controls and forecasts provided that the specification device with the parent data technology Traffic computer is connected.

Schließlich wird mit Vorteil vorgeschlagen, daß die Vorgaben individuell an die Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte übermittelt werden, wenn die Fahrzeugflotte eine organisatorische Einheit bildet, insbesondere bei Busunternehmen, Speditionen und dergleichen.Finally, it is advantageously proposed that the specifications be made individually to the Vehicles of the vehicle fleet are transmitted if the vehicle fleet has a forms an organizational unit, especially for bus companies, freight forwarders and the like.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das in der einzigen Figur illustriert ist. Die Figur zeigt schematisch den Verlauf mehrerer Straßen und einer Autobahn und die Positionen der Fahrzeuge zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt. Entlang des Verlaufs der Autobahnteilstrecke und der Straßenteilstrecken sind die Positionen der Fahrzeuge zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in Form von schwarzen Punkten dargestellt, die sich in einer Verlaufsrichtung der Autobahn- und Straßenteilstrecken bewegen. Die Gesamtheit aller Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten einer Fahrzeugflotte beispielsweise mit fünfhundert Fahrzeugen würde bereits eine sehr große zum Beispiel in einer einer Funktelefonnetzzelle gleichzeitig zu übertragende und von dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu verarbeitende Datenmenge bedeuten.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the description of an embodiment which is illustrated in the single figure. The figure shows schematically the course of several streets and a motorway and the positions of the Vehicles at a certain time. Along the course of the Motorway section and the street sections are the positions of the vehicles too a certain point in time in the form of black dots, which are in move in the direction of the motorway and road sections. The All of the vehicle and position data of a vehicle fleet, for example, with five hundred vehicles would already be a very large one in one Cellular radio network cell to be transmitted simultaneously and by the parent Traffic calculator mean amount of data to be processed.

Ein Fahrzeug einer Stichprobenflotte weist in dem Fahrzeug installierte Sensoren, die kontinuierlich veränderliche Zustandsgrößen wie z. B. die Geschwindigkeit, die Motordrehzahl, die Außentemperatur, die Luftfeuchtigkeit etc. erfassen, auf. Das Fahrzeug weist weiter Sensoren auf, die diskrete Zustandsgrößen, wie z. B. die Stellung verschiedener Schalter (Scheibenwischer, Licht, Nebellicht, Heckscheibenheizung, etc.) erfassen. Das Fahrzeug ist weiterhin mit Vorrichtungen ausgestattet, die den Betrieb von aktiven Vorrichtungen (Aktoren) wie z. B. des Airbags, des Unfalldatenschreibers (UDS), des Antiblockiersystems (ABS), der Antriebsschlupfregelung (ASR), etc. in dem Fahrzeug, anzeigen. Außerdem besitzt das Fahrzeug als Positionsbestimmungssystem z.B. einen GPS-Empfänger (GPS gleich Global Positioning System) als Positionsbestimmungsvorrichtung. Der GPS-Empfänger erzeugt fortlaufend in vorbestimmten Zeitabständen Positionsdaten, die die momentane Position (Länge, Breite, Zeit) des Fahrzeugs in einem vorbestimmten Koordinatensystem (Längengrade. Breitengrade) enthält. Die von den Sensoren und den Vorrichtungen zum Anzeigen des Betriebs der Aktoren erzeugten Daten bilden die Fahrzeugdaten, aus denen ein übergeordneter Verkehrsrechner oder ein System von dezentral angeordneten Rechnern in Verbindung mit den entsprechenden Positionsdaten (einschließlich der zugeordneten Zeitdaten) Informationen oder Vorhersagen über die Verkehrslage und den Straßenzustand errechnen kann.A vehicle in a sample fleet has sensors installed in the vehicle that continuously changing state variables such as B. the speed that Engine speed, outside temperature, humidity, etc. The Vehicle also has sensors that detect discrete state variables, such as. B. the Position of various switches (wipers, lights, fog lights, Rear window heating, etc.) record. The vehicle is still with devices equipped, the operation of active devices (actuators) such. B. of Airbags, the accident data recorder (UDS), the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the Display traction control system (ASR), etc. in the vehicle. Also owns the vehicle as a positioning system e.g. a GPS receiver (GPS same as Global Positioning System) as a positioning device. The GPS receiver continuously generates position data at predetermined time intervals that the current position (length, width, time) of the vehicle in a predetermined Coordinate system (longitude. Latitude) contains. The sensors and The data generated for the devices for displaying the operation of the actuators form the Vehicle data from which a higher-level traffic computer or a system of decentralized computers in connection with the corresponding Position data (including the associated time data) information or Can calculate predictions about traffic conditions and road conditions.

Zur Datenerfassung und -voraufbereitung ist in den Fahrzeugen ein Bordcomputer installiert. Der Bordcomputer steuert und überwacht zusätzlich die Datenübertragung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner, die über ein Funktelefonnetz stattfindet. Mittels eines Radioempfängers, der mit einem entsprechenden Decoder ausgerüstet ist, empfängt der Bordcomputer die jeweiligen Vorgaben des übergeordneten Verkehrsrechners. Alternativ ist es dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner jederzeit möglich, die Vorgaben über Funktelefon an die Fahrzeuge der Fahrzeugflotte kollektiv oder individuell zu übermitteln; individuell insbesondere dann, wenn die Fahrzeugflotte eine organisatorische Einheit bildet, was z.B. bei Busunternehmen, Speditionen und dergleichen der Fall ist.There is an on-board computer in the vehicles for data acquisition and preparation Installed. The on-board computer also controls and monitors data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer, which takes place via a radio telephone network. Using a radio receiver equipped with an appropriate decoder the on-board computer receives the respective specifications of the higher-level Traffic calculator. Alternatively, it is the parent traffic calculator at any time possible to collect the specifications for the vehicles of the vehicle fleet via radio telephone or to be transmitted individually; individually, especially if the vehicle fleet forms an organizational unit, which e.g. at bus companies, freight forwarders and the same is the case.

Die Vorgaben an die Fahrzeuge enthalten im wesentlichen Instruktionen darüber, welche der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragen sind, und zwar nach welchen zurückgelegten Wegstrecken und/oder Zeitspannen. Die Vorgabe einer maximalen Zeitspanne ist für die Fälle vorgesehen, in denen aufgrund eines Staus und bei Ausfall eines Fahrzeugs die vorgegebene Wegstrecke erst nach sehr langer Zeit bzw. nicht zurückgelegt wird. In speziellen Situationen wird den Fahrzeugen vorgegeben, an welchen geographischen Positionen, in welchen geographischen Bereichen oder zu welchen Zeitpunkten die Erfassung der anfallenden Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten und/oder die Übertragung der Daten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu erfolgen hat. Zur weiteren Reduzierung der an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übertragenden Datenmengen können die Vorgaben auch besondere Bedingungen (z.B. nur bestimmte Fahrzeugarten wie LKW oder PKW, nur Fahrzeuge mit Zielführungssystem oder bestimmten anderen technischen Ausstattungen) enthalten, so daß nur bei Vorliegen dieser Bedingungen im jeweiligen Fahrzeug, eine Datenübertragung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner erfolgt, was anhand der im Fahrzeug erfaßten Daten vom Bordcomputer kontrolliert wird.The requirements for the vehicles essentially contain instructions about which of the resulting vehicle and position data to the higher-level Traffic computers are to be transmitted, and according to which covered Distances and / or time spans. The specification of a maximum time period is for provided the cases where due to a traffic jam and in the event of a vehicle failure the specified distance is only covered after a very long time or not. In special situations, the vehicles are given which ones geographical positions, in which geographic areas or to which Points in time of the acquisition of the vehicle and position data and / or The data must be transferred to the higher-level traffic computer. For further reduction of the data to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer Amounts of data can also meet special conditions (e.g. only certain types of vehicles such as trucks or cars, only vehicles with route guidance systems or certain other technical equipment) included, so that only at If these conditions exist in the respective vehicle, a data transfer to the Superordinate traffic computer takes place based on the data recorded in the vehicle is controlled by the on-board computer.

Bei Änderung der Verkehrssituation auf einer Straße oder in einem bestimmten geographischen Gebiet können die Vorgaben an die Fahrzeuge dahingehend verändert werden, daß nur die Fahrzeuge auf dieser Straße oder in diesem Gebiet ihre Daten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner übermitteln, so daß eine dynamische Anpassung der übertragenen Datenmenge an die Erfordernisse der Verkehrserfassung möglich ist und gleichzeitig das Funktelefonnetz so wenig wie möglich belastet wird.When the traffic situation changes on a street or in a certain one geographic area, the specifications for the vehicles in this regard be changed so that only the vehicles on this road or in this area their Transmit data to the higher-level traffic computer, so that a dynamic Adaptation of the amount of data transferred to the requirements of Traffic detection is possible and at the same time the radio telephone network is as little as is possibly charged.

Wenn in der Figur der Fahrzeugverkehr auf der Straße, auf der sich die Fahrzeuge F12 - F15 befinden, keine Besonderheiten aufweist, so daß die Daten dieser vier Fahrzeuge alle innerhalb eines schmalen Toleranzbandes liegen und folglich im Rahmen der vorgegebenen Genauigkeit als gleich anzusehen sind, wird die Vorgabe für diese vier Fahrzeuge so aussehen, daß nur die Positionsdaten in relativ großen Zeitabständen an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu übermitteln sind. Die Fahrzeuge werden mit der Vorgabe außerdem Grenzwerte beispielsweise für die mittlere Geschwindigkeit sowie für die mittlere Schwankungsbreite der mittleren Geschwindigkeit übermittelt bekommen, bei deren Über- oder Unterschreitung eine sofortige Übertragung der Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner zu erfolgen hat. Damit ist abgesichert, daß bei Vorliegen entsprechender Bedingungen der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner informiert und sofort mit den entsprechenden Daten versorgt wird, die Datenübermittlung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner ansonsten aber nur in vorgegebenen relativ großen Zeitabständen erfolgt. Das Funktelefonnetz wird dadurch nur so wenig wie möglich belastet.If in the figure the vehicle traffic on the road on which the vehicles are F12 - F15 are not peculiar, so the data of these four Vehicles are all within a narrow tolerance band and therefore in the Within the given accuracy are to be regarded as the same, the default look for these four vehicles so that only the position data in relatively large Time intervals are to be transmitted to the higher-level traffic computer. The Vehicles are also subject to limit values, for example for the medium speed and for the medium fluctuation range of the medium Get speed transmitted, if it is exceeded or undershot a Immediate transmission of vehicle and position data to the parent Traffic calculator has to be done. This ensures that if there is corresponding conditions of the higher-level traffic computer informed and the corresponding data is immediately supplied, the data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer otherwise only in predetermined relatively large Intervals. As a result, the radio telephone network becomes as little as possible charged.

Bei einem Unfall auf der Autobahn zwischen den Fahrzeugen F3 und F4 kann der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner die Fahrzeuge F1 bis F3 mittels Vorgabe auffordern, in sehr kurzen Zeitabständen bestimmte Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten zu übermitteln, während die Vorgaben der Fahrzeuge F4 bis F7 zunächst keine Änderung erfahren. Die durch den Unfall verursachte hohe Datendichte kann den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner überlasten, wenn gemäß ihrer Vorgabe die Fahrzeuge F12 bis F14 ihre Daten zu diesem Zeitpunkt ebenfalls übertragen wollen. Um das zu verhindern, kann der übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner in einem solchen Fall die Fahrzeuge F12 bis F14 durch eine entsprechende Vorgabe zeitweilig stummschalten, d.h. jegliche Datenübermittlung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner unterbinden. Die differenzierte Ansprechen eines Teils der Fahrzeuge (F12 bis F14) erfolgt hierbei nicht durch individuelle Ansprache der einzelnen Fahrzeuge beispielsweise mittels Funktelefon, sondern dadurch, daß die kollektiven Vorgaben Bedingungen enthalten, durch welche ein Teil der Fahrzeuge (F12 bis F14) zum zeitweiligen Unterlassen der Datenübermittlung an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner angewiesen wird.In the event of an accident on the motorway between vehicles F3 and F4, the higher-level traffic computer request vehicles F1 to F3 by default, to transmit certain vehicle and position data at very short intervals, while the specifications of vehicles F4 to F7 do not initially change. The high data density caused by the accident can affect the parent Traffic computers overload when vehicles F12 to F14, as specified want to transfer their data at this time as well. To prevent that, In such a case, the higher-level traffic computer can control vehicles F12 temporarily mute to F14 by means of a corresponding specification, i.e. any Prevent data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer. The there is no differentiated response of some of the vehicles (F12 to F14) by individually addressing the individual vehicles, for example by means of Radio telephone, but because the collective requirements contain conditions, by which some of the vehicles (F12 to F14) temporarily refrain from Data transmission to the higher-level traffic computer is instructed.

Durch diese dynamische Anpassung der Vorgaben an unterschiedlichste Verkehrssituationen und Straßenverhältnisse kann der Informationsfluß an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner optimiert und damit die Belastung des Funktelefonnetzes minimiert werden.Through this dynamic adjustment of the specifications to the most varied The flow of information can be communicated to traffic situations and road conditions parent traffic computer optimized and thus the load on the Cellular phone network can be minimized.

Die Vorgaben werden vom übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner an eine Vorgabeeinrichtung übergeben und von der Vorgabeeinrichtung über Radio an die Fahrzeuge übertragen. Eine Quittierung des Eingangs der Vorgaben durch die Fahrzeuge ist im Regelfall nicht vorgesehen, stellt aber eine mögliche Variante dar, beispielsweise in Gebieten mit schlechten Empfangsbedingungen. Die Vorgabeeinrichtung ist außerhalb der Fahrzeuge fest angeordnet und datentechnisch direkt mit dem übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner verbunden.The specifications are sent from the higher-level traffic computer to a Hand over default device and from the default device via radio to the Transfer vehicles. An acknowledgment of receipt of the specifications by the Vehicles are usually not provided, but is a possible variant, for example in areas with poor reception conditions. The The default device is fixed outside the vehicles and data technology directly connected to the higher-level traffic computer.

Der Empfang der von der Vorgabeeinrichtung ausgestrahlten Vorgaben erfolgt über das in den Fahrzeugen vorhandene Radioempfangsgerät, wobei der integrierte Dekoder die Vorgaben aus den Empfangssignalen herausfiltert. Von dem Radioempfangsgerät werden die Vorgaben über den im Fahrzeug installierten Datenbus dem Bordcomputer übergeben.The specifications broadcast by the default device are received via the radio receiver available in the vehicles, the integrated Decoder filters out the specifications from the received signals. Of the Radio receiving device will be the default over that installed in the vehicle Transfer the data bus to the on-board computer.

Der Bordcomputer überprüft ständig anhand der übermittelten Vorgaben, ob die zwischengespeicherten Fahrzeug- und Positionsdaten an den übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner übermittelt werden müssen. Im Speicher des Bordcomputers werden die Fahrzeugdaten jeweils einem Datensatz bestehend aus Zeit- und Positionsdaten zugeordnet. Die Positionsdaten werden auf Anforderung des Bordcomputers vom GPS - Empfänger unmittelbar zur Verfügung gestellt und im Speicher des Bordcomputers abgelegt. Treffen die in den Vorgaben gemachten Vorrausetzungen zu, stellt der Bordcomputer über Funktelefon die datentechnische Verbindung zum übergeordneten Verkehrsrechner her und übergibt nacheinander die in der Vorgabe angeforderten Datensätze. Je nach Vorgabe erfolgt eine Aufbereitung der Daten bereits durch den Bordcomputer. So kann aufgrund der Positionsdaten beispielsweise die Straße bestimmt werden, auf der sich das Fahrzeug gerade befindet.The on-board computer constantly checks whether the temporarily stored vehicle and position data at the parent Traffic calculator must be transmitted. In the memory of the on-board computer the vehicle data is a data set consisting of time and position data assigned. The position data is sent to the GPS by the on-board computer - Receiver provided immediately and in the memory of the on-board computer filed. If the requirements specified in the specifications apply, the On-board computer via radio telephone the data connection to the parent Traffic computer and successively transfers the requested in the specification Records. Depending on the specifications, the data is already processed by the On-board computer. For example, the street can be based on the position data be determined on which the vehicle is currently located.

Claims (11)

  1. A method for reducing the amount of vehicle data to be transmitted from vehicles in a fleet of vehicles, in particular a fleet of sample vehicles, which vehicle data comprise information relating to the operating status and/or the surroundings of the vehicles, and the amount of positional data, which comprise information relating to the position of the vehicles in a predetermined system of coordinates at a set point in time, after detection of the vehicle and positional data generated in the vehicle for wireless transmission of the vehicle and positional data to a superordinate traffic computer,
    characterised in that
    it is predefined for the vehicles of the fleet which of the vehicle and positional data generated are to be transmitted to the superordinate traffic computer under which conditions, preset values being transmitted to the vehicles and said preset values being used for constant monitoring in the vehicles as to whether the data need be transmitted,
    and in that the preset values may be influenced in wireless manner by a presetting device arranged stationarily outside the vehicles, whereby the preset values may be dynamically adapted and thus the amount of data to be transmitted from the vehicles may be reduced.
  2. A method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the preset values contain details as to at which geographical position and/or at what times and/or after what distance covered and/or on the occurrence of what events data transmission is to be effected.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the preset values are transmitted via radio telephone to the individual vehicles.
  4. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the preset values are transmitted to the vehicles via a mobile communications device, in particular traffic radio.
  5. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the spatial or temporal spacing is transmitted to each of the vehicles in the preset values for the purpose of regular vehicle or positional data transmission.
  6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that
    limit values for particular vehicle and/or positional data are transmitted to the vehicles in the preset values, transmission of vehicle and positional data being carried out if the detected values exceed or fall below these limit values.
  7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that
    a driving conditions profile is transmitted as a reference model to the vehicles in the preset values, transmission of the vehicle and positional data being effected when said profile is matched by the actual situation.
  8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that
    temporary muting of vehicles is included in the preset values.
  9. A method according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    data acquisition and preparation in the vehicles and data exchange with the superordinate traffic computer are advantageously controlled by an on-board computer.
  10. A method according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    the presetting device is connected for data transfer to the superordinate traffic computer.
  11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that
    the preset values are transmitted individually to the vehicles in the fleet of vehicles if the fleet constitutes an organisational unit.
EP95250276A 1994-11-28 1995-11-16 Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from vehicles of a fleet of vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0715285B1 (en)

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DE4444393 1994-11-28
DE4444393 1994-11-28
DE19513640 1995-04-04
DE19513640A DE19513640C2 (en) 1994-11-28 1995-04-04 Method for reducing the amount of data to be transmitted from the vehicles of a vehicle fleet

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GR3030454T3 (en) 1999-09-30
DE19513640C2 (en) 1997-08-07
DE59506226D1 (en) 1999-07-22
DE19513640A1 (en) 1996-06-05
ATE181440T1 (en) 1999-07-15
EP0715285A1 (en) 1996-06-05
ES2132521T3 (en) 1999-08-16

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