EP0711400B1 - Pyrotechnical initiator - Google Patents

Pyrotechnical initiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0711400B1
EP0711400B1 EP95921861A EP95921861A EP0711400B1 EP 0711400 B1 EP0711400 B1 EP 0711400B1 EP 95921861 A EP95921861 A EP 95921861A EP 95921861 A EP95921861 A EP 95921861A EP 0711400 B1 EP0711400 B1 EP 0711400B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
endplate
substance
casing
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95921861A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0711400A1 (en
Inventor
Joseph Refouvelet
Hervé Lebreton
Jean-Claude Bernardy
Yves Castel
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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Publication of EP0711400A1 publication Critical patent/EP0711400A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
    • F42B3/13—Bridge initiators with semiconductive bridge

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of pyrotechnic initiators, i.e. components allowing to transmit a pyrotechnic effect in a pyrotechnic chain.
  • the invention thus aims to propose an initiator which is both extremely reliable and robust, everything being very resistant to electrostatic discharges.
  • the invention finally proposes an initiator presenting a very high level of security, capable of initiating primary explosives but also allowing to set works with insensitive pyrotechnic compositions.
  • the subject of the invention is an initiator pyrotechnic comprising a pyrotechnic substance arranged inside a housing, and characterized in that the housing includes an integral metal wall an equally metallic bottom, the bottom being crossed by at least two electrodes, at least one of which is isolated electrically from the bottom by an insulating material, and in this that the housing has an overmolding in a material plastic surrounding at least the bottom and part of the electrodes.
  • the housing is closed by a paillet on which is folded the edge of the metal wall.
  • a seal will then be placed between the paillet and the closing edge of the wall.
  • the overmolding also surrounds the metal wall and door a plastic plug which closes the housing.
  • the bottom may carry a pellet of a substrate insulation on which a semiconductor bridge will be deposited partially covered by two conductive pads.
  • one of the studs conductors is connected to the metal bottom of the case by via a semiconductor well crossing the substrate, said bottom itself being connected to one of the electrodes.
  • a layer of thermal and electrical insulating material is deposited on the semiconductor bridge and isolates it from the substance pyrotechnic.
  • the insulating material will preferably be made with silicon oxide or nitride deposited in a thin layer between 0.5 and 10 micrometers.
  • the pyrotechnic substance is deposited in the case by a loading process by wet.
  • the average particle size of the constituents of the pyrotechnic substance will preferably be chosen from the same order of magnitude as the dimensions of the semi bridge driver.
  • an initiator 1 comprises a pyrotechnic substance 2 of known type, (e.g. an explosive (detonator) or a inflammatory pyrotechnic composition), substance placed in a housing 3.
  • a pyrotechnic substance 2 of known type, (e.g. an explosive (detonator) or a inflammatory pyrotechnic composition)
  • substance placed in a housing 3 e.g. an explosive (detonator) or a inflammatory pyrotechnic composition
  • the housing 3 comprises a metal wall 4 cylindrical secured to a base 5 also metallic.
  • Wall and bottom are made of stainless steel.
  • the bottom here assumes the shape of a cap whose upper face 6 receives the pyrotechnic substance 2 and which has an enlarged flange 7 on which comes in wall 4.
  • Bottom and wall are connected to each other by electric welding, laser welding or another type of welding.
  • the bottom 5 is crossed by two electrodes 8a, 8b one of which (8a) is in electrical contact with the bottom 5 and the other (8b) is electrically isolated from it by means of an insulating material 15 such as a glass filling.
  • a means of initiation of the pyrotechnic substance is fixed between the electrodes.
  • This means here is a thread resistive 9 which connects the electrodes 8a and 8b and which is fixed by welding on their ends.
  • the electrical characteristics of wire 9 are conventionally determined by those skilled in the art in function of the pyrotechnic characteristics of the substance 2.
  • the housing 3 finally comprises a molding 10 in one plastic material which surrounds the bottom 5 and part of the electrodes 8a, 8b.
  • the rigidity of the connection is improved by the presence of the collar 7.
  • This overmolding improves resistance mechanics of the component, in particular with regard to impacts. It also completes the electrical insulation of the electrodes and protects the glass filling 15.
  • Overmolding 10 is made of plastic Polyamide or polycarbonate type, possibly a material filled with glass fibers to increase its resistance mechanical.
  • the overmolding 10 includes a bulge 11 which gives a support surface allowing for example its setting in place in a housing furnished in a substance pyrotechnic or in a non initiation device shown (housing to the diameter of the housing).
  • the wall 4 of the housing is closed by a paillet 12 on which the edge 13 of the metal wall is folded.
  • An O-ring seal 14 is disposed between the straw 12 and the edge 13 for closing the wall.
  • Pyrotechnic substance 2 is deposited at the interior of the housing 3, preferably by a method of wet loading but it could also be put in place by compression.
  • the initiator according to the invention can be manufactured easily and at low cost, manufacturing requiring few operations and each operation being simple and easily automated.
  • the bottom carrying the electrodes and the material insulator constitutes a subset which is produced so standard in large quantities in the electronics industry for the manufacture of components such as transistors or thyristors. Such a component is very inexpensive.
  • Plastic overmolding also makes it possible to obtain the shape that ensures the possibility of mounting the component in the desired application. Such overmolding is little expensive.
  • the filament is welded to the electrodes by means of soldering techniques suitable for wiring circuits integrated, inexpensive techniques and allowing high production rates.
  • the substance is put in place by compression directly in the housing of the housing and on the filament.
  • the metal wall and bottom also provide to the initiator excellent mechanical rigidity and allow, by forming a Faraday cage, to give the initiator significant resistance to discharges electrostatic while protecting it from induced currents by the electromagnetic environment.
  • resistive wire 9 it would be possible as a variant to replace the resistive wire 9 by a semiconductor wafer, printed circuit or integrated circuit, which may itself be glued to the bottom 5.
  • the pyrotechnic substance 2 is preferably deposited according to the known method of loading by channel wet.
  • This substance will be mixed at 1 to 5% by mass a binder such as natural gum or a synthetic binder and with water (5 to 30% by mass).
  • the substance is thus shaped into pellets the diameter of the case with appropriate tools.
  • a punch provides moderate compression (20 to 40 megapascals) of this pellet which allows the substance pyrotechnic to completely fill the housing 3 and to be in intimate contact with the filament 9.
  • Compression also drives out water to the top of the stuff.
  • the initiators charged then pass through a hot tunnel (50 to 80 ° C) which causes water to evaporate.
  • the drying of the substance has the effect of restoring its sensitivity.
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the bottom 5 has the shape of a plate carrying a peripheral flange 7 on which the metal wall 4 is positioned.
  • Wall and bottom are still made of steel stainless and are welded by electric arc.
  • the electrode 8b is welded into a blind hole in the bottom 5 while the electrode 8a crosses the bottom. She is electrically isolated from the bottom by a glass ring 15.
  • the overmolding in plastic material 10 surrounds the bottom, part of the electrodes and also the metal wall 4 on substantially its entire height.
  • the rigidity of the solidarity is improved by the presence of the flange 7.
  • the housing 3 is closed by a plug 16 made in the same plastic as that of the overmolding 10.
  • the plug 16 has a central part cylindrical 17, of the same diameter as the metal wall 4, and whose front face 18 is supported on the substance pyrotechnics 2.
  • the periphery of the plug 16 has a profile conical 16a which comes into contact with a profile complementary fitted on the overmolding 10.
  • the profile conical 16a is separated from the central part 17 by a annular groove 19.
  • This game allows a slight compression of the pyrotechnic substance during assembly for example by ultrasonic welding.
  • the plug is welded after water evaporation as described above.
  • the ultrasonic welding is carried out in a way known by applying a sonotrode from a welding machine on a circular crown of the outer flat face of the cap, crown located substantially to the right of the profile conical 16a (mark S).
  • the vibrations of the sonotrode cause the welding of contact surfaces, i.e. surfaces conical.
  • the plug 16 also includes a blind hole 20, realized on its external face, and which thus forms on the plug an area of reduced thickness or partition 21.
  • the pressure generated by the pyrotechnic substance 2 breaks the area of reduced thickness 21 and the initiator then transmits a pyrotechnic effect in an axial direction.
  • the presence of the metal wall and bottom also provide protection from electromagnetic influences and static electricity.
  • Figure 3 is a partial representation and enlarged means of initiation used in this second embodiment.
  • the initiation means consists of a wafer 22 of a non-silicon insulating substrate doped, on which is deposited a semiconductor bridge 23 (formed from doped silicon) and partially covered by two conductive pads 24a and 24b (for example in aluminum).
  • the spacing between the studs is between 60 and 100 micrometers and preferably of the order of 80 micrometers. We will determine in a known way the characteristics of the initiator by modifying the spacing of the studs, the dimensions of the semiconductor bridge and its doping.
  • the stud 24a is connected to the electrode 8a by a wire 25 fixed by welding.
  • the pad 24b is connected to the electrode 8b by through the metal bottom 5 through a well semiconductor 26 (doped silicon) which crosses the insulating substrate.
  • connection wire breaks one wire used instead two
  • a pyrotechnic substance will be adopted composition with an average particle size of the same order larger than the dimensions of the semiconductor bridge.
  • Such a means of initiation also allows obtain a high concentration of energy in an area (the semiconductor bridge) of reduced surface.
  • This technology thus allows the use of less sensitive pyrotechnic substances such as boron-based compositions (20% by mass) and nitrate potassium (80% by mass) or aluminum compositions (20% by mass) / copper oxide (80% by mass).
  • the pyrotechnic substance will preferably be wet loaded according to the process described previously. This type of loading ensures the reproducibility of the contact between the semiconductor bridge and substance and also helps to get with precision the desired mass of pyrotechnic substance.
  • Compression of the substance in the housing of the housing will then be carried out under higher pressure (for example of the order of 100 to 200 megapascals).
  • the cap 12 will be as previously supported against the pyrotechnic substance when it is fixed by welding on the skirt.
  • thermal insulating material and electric on the semiconductor bridge could be for example a layer of 0.5 to 10 micrometers thickness of silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
  • Such an insulating layer makes it possible to reduce strongly heat transfer between the semiconductor bridge and the pyrotechnic substance. This last therefore cannot be initiated or degraded when a low current flows (of the order of 0.3 amperes).
  • a strong current greater than 0.8 Amps
  • the insulating layer is crossed by projections of high pressure and high temperature silicon plasma and it can initiate explosives or substances insensitive pyrotechnics (for example a composition combining Boron and potassium nitrate).
  • a patch 22 comprising logic circuits that control switches integrated (based on transistors or thyristors) which can block the passage or current in the semiconductor bridge 23.
  • the initiator can only be initiated in response to a determined coded signal transmitted in superposition to the power signal supplied by the electrodes (or transmitted by specific complementary electrodes crossing the bottom 5).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A detonator includes a casing having a metal wall attached to a metal endplate, the endplate being penetrated by at least two electrodes. At least one electrode is electrically insulated from the endplate by an insulating material. The casing includes a molded plastics material surrounding at least the endplate and a portion of the electrodes.

Description

Le domaine de la présente invention est celui des initiateurs pyrotechniques, c'est à dire des composants permettant de transmettre un effet pyrotechnique dans une chaíne pyrotechnique.The field of the present invention is that of pyrotechnic initiators, i.e. components allowing to transmit a pyrotechnic effect in a pyrotechnic chain.

On connaít par les brevets US2968985, US2767655 et US4819560 des initiateurs dont le boítier est réalisé en matière plastique. Ces initiateurs bon marché sont plus particulièrement destinés à initier des cartouches explosives utilisées dans l'industrie des mines ou des carrières. Ils comportent généralement un boítier en matière plastique d'épaisseur constante qui renferme la charge d'initiation et qui se trouve fragmenté lors de l'initiation de cette dernière.We know by the patents US2968985, US2767655 and US4819560 of the initiators whose case is made made of plastic. These cheap initiators are more particularly intended to initiate cartridges explosives used in the mining or careers. They generally include a case in plastic of constant thickness which contains the charge of initiation and which is fragmented during the initiation of the latter.

Si ces initiateurs sont bon marché, ils ont un niveau de sûreté et de fiabilité qui interdit leur emploi dans d'autres domaines techniques que celui des carrières, par exemple dans le domaine de l'armement ou dans celui des systèmes de sécurité par exemple pour l'automobile.If these initiators are cheap, they have a level of safety and reliability which prohibits their use in other technical fields than that of careers, for example in the field of armaments or in that security systems for example for the automobile.

De plus avec de tels initiateurs la protection vis à vis des décharges électrostatiques n'est pas assurée, voir document GB-A-11 87 373, qui est pris à base du préambule de la revendication 1.In addition with such initiators screw protection against electrostatic discharges is not ensured, see document GB-A-11 87 373, which is based on the preamble of claim 1.

C'est le but de l'invention de proposer un initiateur qui ne présente pas de tels inconvénients.It is the object of the invention to provide a initiator which does not have such disadvantages.

L'invention vise ainsi à proposer un initiateur qui soit à la fois extrêmement fiable et robuste, tout étant très résistant aux décharges électrostatiques.The invention thus aims to propose an initiator which is both extremely reliable and robust, everything being very resistant to electrostatic discharges.

C'est également un but de l'invention que de proposer un initiateur pouvant être fabriqué en grande série à moindre coût et de façon sûre, ce qui autorise son utilisation par exemple pour l'initiation des dispositifs de sécurité utilisés sur les véhicules, en particulier automobiles.It is also an object of the invention to propose an initiator that can be manufactured in large series at a lower cost and safely, which allows its use for example for the initiation of safety devices used on vehicles, in especially automobiles.

L'invention propose enfin un initiateur présentant un très haut niveau de sécurité, capable d'initier des explosifs primaires, mais aussi permettant de mettre en oeuvre des compositions pyrotechniques peu sensibles.The invention finally proposes an initiator presenting a very high level of security, capable of initiating primary explosives but also allowing to set works with insensitive pyrotechnic compositions.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un initiateur pyrotechnique comprenant une substance pyrotechnique disposée à l'intérieur d'un boítier, et caractérisé en ce que le boítier comprend une paroi métallique solidaire d'un fond également métallique, le fond étant traversé par au moins deux électrodes dont au moins une est isolée électriquement du fond par un matériau isolant, et en ce que le boítier comporte un surmoulage en une matière plastique entourant au moins le fond et une partie des électrodes.Thus, the subject of the invention is an initiator pyrotechnic comprising a pyrotechnic substance arranged inside a housing, and characterized in that the housing includes an integral metal wall an equally metallic bottom, the bottom being crossed by at least two electrodes, at least one of which is isolated electrically from the bottom by an insulating material, and in this that the housing has an overmolding in a material plastic surrounding at least the bottom and part of the electrodes.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le boítier est fermé par un paillet sur lequel est replié le bord de la paroi métallique.According to a first embodiment, the housing is closed by a paillet on which is folded the edge of the metal wall.

Un joint d'étanchéité sera alors disposé entre le paillet et le bord de fermeture de la paroi.A seal will then be placed between the paillet and the closing edge of the wall.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, le surmoulage entoure également la paroi métallique et porte un bouchon en matière plastique qui ferme le boítier.According to a second embodiment, the overmolding also surrounds the metal wall and door a plastic plug which closes the housing.

Le fond pourra porter une pastille d'un substrat isolant sur lequel sera déposé un pont semi conducteur recouvert partiellement par deux plots conducteurs.The bottom may carry a pellet of a substrate insulation on which a semiconductor bridge will be deposited partially covered by two conductive pads.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, un des plots conducteurs est relié au fond métallique du boítier par l'intermédiaire d'un puit semi-conducteur traversant le substrat, ledit fond étant lui même relié à une des électrodes.According to a preferred embodiment, one of the studs conductors is connected to the metal bottom of the case by via a semiconductor well crossing the substrate, said bottom itself being connected to one of the electrodes.

Selon une variante de l'invention, une couche de matériau isolant thermique et électrique est déposée sur le pont semi conducteur et isole celui-ci de la substance pyrotechnique.According to a variant of the invention, a layer of thermal and electrical insulating material is deposited on the semiconductor bridge and isolates it from the substance pyrotechnic.

Le matériau isolant sera de préférence constitué par de l'oxyde ou du nitrure de silicium déposé en une couche mince comprise entre 0,5 et 10 micromètres.The insulating material will preferably be made with silicon oxide or nitride deposited in a thin layer between 0.5 and 10 micrometers.

Avantageusement, la substance pyrotechnique est déposée dans le boítier par un procédé de chargement par voie humide.Advantageously, the pyrotechnic substance is deposited in the case by a loading process by wet.

La granulométrie moyenne des constituants de la substance pyrotechnique sera de préférence choisie du même ordre de grandeur que les dimensions du pont semi conducteur. The average particle size of the constituents of the pyrotechnic substance will preferably be chosen from the same order of magnitude as the dimensions of the semi bridge driver.

D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente en coupe longitudinale un initiateur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente en coupe longitudinale un initiateur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue agrandie des moyens d'initiation utilisés dans ce dernier mode de réalisation.
Other advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description of different embodiments, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows in longitudinal section an initiator according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents in longitudinal section an initiator according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the initiation means used in this latter embodiment.

En se reportant à la figure 1, un initiateur 1 selon l'invention comprend une substance pyrotechnique 2 de type connu, (par exemple un explosif (détonateur) ou une composition pyrotechnique inflammatrice), substance disposée dans un boítier 3.Referring to Figure 1, an initiator 1 according to the invention comprises a pyrotechnic substance 2 of known type, (e.g. an explosive (detonator) or a inflammatory pyrotechnic composition), substance placed in a housing 3.

Le boítier 3 comprend une paroi métallique 4 cylindrique solidaire d'un fond 5 également métallique.The housing 3 comprises a metal wall 4 cylindrical secured to a base 5 also metallic.

Paroi et fond sont réalisés en acier inoxydable.Wall and bottom are made of stainless steel.

Le fond affecte ici la forme d'un capuchon dont la face supérieure 6 reçoit la substance pyrotechnique 2 et qui présente une collerette élargie 7 sur laquelle vient en butée la paroi 4.The bottom here assumes the shape of a cap whose upper face 6 receives the pyrotechnic substance 2 and which has an enlarged flange 7 on which comes in wall 4.

Fond et paroi sont reliés l'un à l'autre par soudure électrique, par soudure laser ou un autre type de soudure.Bottom and wall are connected to each other by electric welding, laser welding or another type of welding.

Le fond 5 est traversé par deux électrodes 8a, 8b dont une (8a) est en contact électrique avec le fond 5 et l'autre (8b) est isolée électriquement de celui ci au moyen d'un matériau isolant 15 tel un remplissage de verre.The bottom 5 is crossed by two electrodes 8a, 8b one of which (8a) is in electrical contact with the bottom 5 and the other (8b) is electrically isolated from it by means of an insulating material 15 such as a glass filling.

Un moyen d'initiation de la substance pyrotechnique est fixé entre les électrodes. Ce moyen est ici un fil résistif 9 qui relie les électrodes 8a et 8b et qui est fixé par soudure sur leurs extrémités.A means of initiation of the pyrotechnic substance is fixed between the electrodes. This means here is a thread resistive 9 which connects the electrodes 8a and 8b and which is fixed by welding on their ends.

Les caractéristiques électriques du fil 9 sont déterminées de façon classique par l'homme du métier en fonction des caractéristiques pyrotechniques de la substance 2. On pourra par exemple adopter un fil de résistance 2 ohms pour une substance du type quaternaire (à quatre éléments telle une substance connue comme l'association Perchlorate de Potassium - Thyocyanate de Plomb - Sulfure d'antimoine - Tricinate de Plomb).The electrical characteristics of wire 9 are conventionally determined by those skilled in the art in function of the pyrotechnic characteristics of the substance 2. We could for example adopt a thread of resistance 2 ohms for a substance of the quaternary type (with four elements such as a substance known as the association Potassium Perchlorate - Thyocyanate Lead - Antimony sulfide - Lead tricinate).

Le boítier 3 comporte enfin un surmoulage 10 en une matière plastique qui entoure le fond 5 et une partie des électrodes 8a,8b. La rigidité de la solidarisation est améliorée par la présence de la collerette 7.The housing 3 finally comprises a molding 10 in one plastic material which surrounds the bottom 5 and part of the electrodes 8a, 8b. The rigidity of the connection is improved by the presence of the collar 7.

Ce surmoulage permet d'améliorer la résistance mécanique du composant en particulier vis à vis des chocs. Il complète également l'isolation électrique des électrodes et protège le remplissage de verre 15.This overmolding improves resistance mechanics of the component, in particular with regard to impacts. It also completes the electrical insulation of the electrodes and protects the glass filling 15.

Le surmoulage 10 est réalisé en matière plastique du type Polyamide ou polycarbonate, matière éventuellement chargée de fibres de verre pour augmenter sa résistance mécanique.Overmolding 10 is made of plastic Polyamide or polycarbonate type, possibly a material filled with glass fibers to increase its resistance mechanical.

On adoptera par exemple une charge de 10% à 40% en masse de fibres de verre courtes (quelques dixièmes de millimètre de long).We will adopt for example a load of 10% to 40% in mass of short glass fibers (a few tenths of millimeter long).

Le surmoulage 10 comporte un renflement 11 qui donne une surface d'appui permettant par exemple sa mise en place dans un logement aménagé dans une substance pyrotechnique ou dans un dispositif d'initiation non représentés (logement au diamètre du boítier).The overmolding 10 includes a bulge 11 which gives a support surface allowing for example its setting in place in a housing furnished in a substance pyrotechnic or in a non initiation device shown (housing to the diameter of the housing).

La paroi 4 du boítier est fermée par un paillet 12 sur lequel est replié le bord 13 de la paroi métallique.The wall 4 of the housing is closed by a paillet 12 on which the edge 13 of the metal wall is folded.

Un joint d'étanchéité torique 14 est disposé entre le paillet 12 et le bord 13 de fermeture de la paroi.An O-ring seal 14 is disposed between the straw 12 and the edge 13 for closing the wall.

La substance pyrotechnique 2 est déposée à l'intérieur du boítier 3, de préférence par un procédé de chargement par voie humide, mais elle pourrait également être mise en place par compression.Pyrotechnic substance 2 is deposited at the interior of the housing 3, preferably by a method of wet loading but it could also be put in place by compression.

On constate ainsi que l'initiateur selon l'invention peut être fabriqué aisément et à moindre coût, la fabrication ne nécessitant que peu d'opérations et chaque opération étant simple et facilement automatisable. It can thus be seen that the initiator according to the invention can be manufactured easily and at low cost, manufacturing requiring few operations and each operation being simple and easily automated.

Le fond portant les électrodes et le matériau isolant constitue un sous-ensemble qui est produit de façon standard en grande quantité dans l'industrie électronique pour la fabrication de composants tels les transistors ou thyristors. Un tel composant est très bon marché.The bottom carrying the electrodes and the material insulator constitutes a subset which is produced so standard in large quantities in the electronics industry for the manufacture of components such as transistors or thyristors. Such a component is very inexpensive.

Le surmoulage en plastique permet aussi d'obtenir la forme qui assure la possibilité de montage du composant dans l'application souhaitée. Un tel surmoulage est peu coûteux.Plastic overmolding also makes it possible to obtain the shape that ensures the possibility of mounting the component in the desired application. Such overmolding is little expensive.

Le filament est soudé sur les électrodes au moyen des techniques de soudure adaptées au cablage de circuits intégrés, techniques peu onéreuses et permettant des cadences de fabrication élevées.The filament is welded to the electrodes by means of soldering techniques suitable for wiring circuits integrated, inexpensive techniques and allowing high production rates.

La substance est mise en place par compression directement dans le logement du boítier et sur le filament.The substance is put in place by compression directly in the housing of the housing and on the filament.

La paroi et le fond métalliques assurent également à l'initiateur une excellente rigidité mécanique et permettent, en formant une cage de Faraday, de donner à l'initiateur une résistance importante aux décharges électrostatiques tout en le protégeant des courants induits par l'environnement électromagnétique.The metal wall and bottom also provide to the initiator excellent mechanical rigidity and allow, by forming a Faraday cage, to give the initiator significant resistance to discharges electrostatic while protecting it from induced currents by the electromagnetic environment.

Il serait possible à titre de variante de remplacer le fil résistif 9 par une plaquette de semi-conducteur, de circuit imprimé ou de circuit intégré, qui pourra elle même être collée au fond 5.It would be possible as a variant to replace the resistive wire 9 by a semiconductor wafer, printed circuit or integrated circuit, which may itself be glued to the bottom 5.

La substance pyrotechnique 2 est de préférence déposée suivant le procédé connu de chargement par voie humide.The pyrotechnic substance 2 is preferably deposited according to the known method of loading by channel wet.

La substance est par exemple une substance quaternaire de type connu et associant dans des proportions classiques non précisées ici et qui sont bien connues de l'homme du métier:

  • un explosif primaire (comme le tricinate de plomb),
  • un oxydant (comme le Perchlorate de potassium, le Chlorate de Potassium, ou le Nitrate de potassium),
  • un réducteur (comme le sulfure d'antimoine, le silicure de Calcium, le graphite ou encore l'aluminium en poudre),
  • un additif destiné à accroítre ou diminuer la puissance de l'initiateur (comme le Thyocyanate de plomb, la poudre d'aluminium ou le bioxyde de plomb).
The substance is for example a quaternary substance of known type and combining in conventional proportions not specified here and which are well known to those skilled in the art:
  • a primary explosive (such as lead tricinate),
  • an oxidant (such as potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, or potassium nitrate),
  • a reducing agent (such as antimony sulfide, Calcium silicide, graphite or aluminum powder),
  • an additive intended to increase or decrease the power of the initiator (such as lead thyocyanate, aluminum powder or lead dioxide).

Cette substance sera mélangée à 1 à 5% en masse d'un liant comme la gomme naturelle ou un liant synthétique et avec de l'eau (5 à 30% en masse).This substance will be mixed at 1 to 5% by mass a binder such as natural gum or a synthetic binder and with water (5 to 30% by mass).

L'avantage de réaliser un mélange humide est qu'il est alors possible de travailler ce mélange et de diviser la substance en réduisant les risques d'initiation inopinée.The advantage of making a wet mixture is that it is then possible to work this mixture and to divide the substance by reducing the risk of initiation unexpected.

La substance est ainsi mise en forme de pastilles du diamètre du boítier avec un outillage approprié. Un poinçon assure une compression modérée (20 à 40 mégapascals) de cette pastille ce qui permet à la substance pyrotechnique de remplir complètement le boítier 3 et d'être en contact intime avec le filament 9.The substance is thus shaped into pellets the diameter of the case with appropriate tools. A punch provides moderate compression (20 to 40 megapascals) of this pellet which allows the substance pyrotechnic to completely fill the housing 3 and to be in intimate contact with the filament 9.

La compression a également pour effet de chasser l'eau vers le dessus de la substance. Les initiateurs chargés passent ensuite dans un tunnel chaud (50 à 80°C) qui provoque l'évaporation de l'eau. Le séchage de la substance a pour effet de lui restituer sa sensibilité.Compression also drives out water to the top of the stuff. The initiators charged then pass through a hot tunnel (50 to 80 ° C) which causes water to evaporate. The drying of the substance has the effect of restoring its sensitivity.

La figure 2 représente un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel le fond 5 a la forme d'une plaque portant une collerette périphérique 7 sur laquelle la paroi métallique 4 est positionnée.Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the invention in which the bottom 5 has the shape of a plate carrying a peripheral flange 7 on which the metal wall 4 is positioned.

Paroi et fond sont encore réalisés en acier inoxydable et sont soudés par arc électrique.Wall and bottom are still made of steel stainless and are welded by electric arc.

L'électrode 8b est soudée dans un trou borgne du fond 5 tandis que l'électrode 8a traverse le fond. Elle est isolée électriquement du fond par un anneau de verre 15.The electrode 8b is welded into a blind hole in the bottom 5 while the electrode 8a crosses the bottom. She is electrically isolated from the bottom by a glass ring 15.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le surmoulage en matière plastique 10 entoure le fond, une partie des électrodes et également la paroi métallique 4 sur sensiblement toute sa hauteur. La rigidité de la solidarisation est améliorée par la présence de la collerette 7.In this embodiment, the overmolding in plastic material 10 surrounds the bottom, part of the electrodes and also the metal wall 4 on substantially its entire height. The rigidity of the solidarity is improved by the presence of the flange 7.

Le boítier 3 est fermé par un bouchon 16 réalisé dans la même matière plastique que celle du surmoulage 10.The housing 3 is closed by a plug 16 made in the same plastic as that of the overmolding 10.

Le bouchon 16 comporte une partie centrale cylindrique 17, de même diamètre que la paroi métallique 4, et dont la face frontale 18 est en appui sur la substance pyrotechnique 2.The plug 16 has a central part cylindrical 17, of the same diameter as the metal wall 4, and whose front face 18 is supported on the substance pyrotechnics 2.

La périphérie du bouchon 16 présente un profil conique 16a qui vient en contact avec un profil complémentaire aménagé sur le surmoulage 10. Le profil conique 16a est séparé de la partie centrale 17 par une gorge annulaire 19.The periphery of the plug 16 has a profile conical 16a which comes into contact with a profile complementary fitted on the overmolding 10. The profile conical 16a is separated from the central part 17 by a annular groove 19.

Lors de la mise en place du bouchon sur le composant chargé de substance pyrotechnique, il subsiste un jeu j de l'ordre du dixième de millimètre entre le fond de la gorge 19 du bouchon et la partie supérieure du surmoulage 10 (jeu exagéré sur la figure).When placing the plug on the component loaded with pyrotechnic substance, there remains a clearance j of the order of a tenth of a millimeter between the bottom of the throat 19 of the plug and the upper part of the overmolding 10 (exaggerated play in the figure).

Ce jeu autorise une légère compression de la substance pyrotechnique lors de l'assemblage par exemple par soudure aux ultra-sons.This game allows a slight compression of the pyrotechnic substance during assembly for example by ultrasonic welding.

Une telle disposition permet, d'une part d'éviter la présence d'un espace vide à l'intérieur du boítier ce qui limite les risques de frottement, et d'autre part assure un bon contact entre la substance pyrotechnique et le moyen d'initiation.Such a provision allows, on the one hand to avoid the presence of an empty space inside the case this which limits the risks of friction, and on the other hand ensures good contact between the pyrotechnic substance and the means of initiation.

On augmente ainsi sûreté et fiabilité de l'initiateur.This increases safety and reliability of initiator.

Dans le cas où la substance est chargée par voie humide, la soudure du bouchon est réalisée après évaporation de l'eau comme cela a été décrit précédemment.In case the substance is loaded by wet, the plug is welded after water evaporation as described above.

La soudure par ultra-sons est réalisée d'une façon connue en appliquant une sonotrode d'un appareil à souder sur une couronne circulaire de la face plane externe du bouchon, couronne située sensiblement au droit du profil conique 16a (repère S). The ultrasonic welding is carried out in a way known by applying a sonotrode from a welding machine on a circular crown of the outer flat face of the cap, crown located substantially to the right of the profile conical 16a (mark S).

Les vibrations de la sonotrode entraínent la soudure des surfaces en contact, c'est à dire des surfaces coniques.The vibrations of the sonotrode cause the welding of contact surfaces, i.e. surfaces conical.

A titre de variante il serait possible de fixer le bouchon sur le boítier par collage ou par clipsage.Alternatively it would be possible to set the plug on the housing by gluing or clipping.

Le bouchon 16 comporte également un trou borgne 20, réalisé sur sa face externe, et qui forme ainsi sur le bouchon une zone d'épaisseur réduite ou cloison 21.The plug 16 also includes a blind hole 20, realized on its external face, and which thus forms on the plug an area of reduced thickness or partition 21.

Lors du fonctionnement de l'initiateur, la pression générée par la substance pyrotechnique 2 brise la zone d'épaisseur réduite 21 et l'initiateur transmet alors un effet pyrotechnique suivant une direction axiale.During operation of the initiator, the pressure generated by the pyrotechnic substance 2 breaks the area of reduced thickness 21 and the initiator then transmits a pyrotechnic effect in an axial direction.

L'avantage de ce dernier mode de réalisation est qu'il permet d'obtenir un initiateur totalement étanche.The advantage of this latter embodiment is that it makes it possible to obtain a completely waterproof initiator.

La présence de la paroi et du fond métallique assurent par ailleurs la protection vis à vis des influences électromagnétiques et de l'électricité statique.The presence of the metal wall and bottom also provide protection from electromagnetic influences and static electricity.

La figure 3 est une représentation partielle et agrandie du moyen d'initiation utilisé dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation.Figure 3 is a partial representation and enlarged means of initiation used in this second embodiment.

Le moyen d'initiation est constitué par une pastille 22 d'un substrat isolant à base de silicium non dopé, sur lequel est déposé un pont semi conducteur 23 (formé de silicium dopé) et recouvert partiellement par deux plots conducteurs 24a et 24b (par exemple en aluminium).The initiation means consists of a wafer 22 of a non-silicon insulating substrate doped, on which is deposited a semiconductor bridge 23 (formed from doped silicon) and partially covered by two conductive pads 24a and 24b (for example in aluminum).

L'écartement entre les plots est compris entre 60 et 100 micromètres et de préférence de l'ordre de 80 micromètres. On déterminera d'une façon connue les caractéristiques de l'initiateur en modifiant l'écartement des plots, les dimensions du pont semi-conducteur et son dopage.The spacing between the studs is between 60 and 100 micrometers and preferably of the order of 80 micrometers. We will determine in a known way the characteristics of the initiator by modifying the spacing of the studs, the dimensions of the semiconductor bridge and its doping.

Le plot 24a est relié à l'électrode 8a par un fil de liaison 25 fixé par soudure.The stud 24a is connected to the electrode 8a by a wire 25 fixed by welding.

Le plot 24b est relié à l'électrode 8b par l'intermédiaire du fond métallique 5 au travers d'un puit semi- conducteur 26 (silicium dopé) qui traverse le substrat isolant. The pad 24b is connected to the electrode 8b by through the metal bottom 5 through a well semiconductor 26 (doped silicon) which crosses the insulating substrate.

Une telle disposition permet de réduire les risques de ruptures des fils de connexion (un fil utilisé au lieu de deux) lors des opérations de chargement en substance pyrotechnique.Such a provision makes it possible to reduce the risks connection wire breaks (one wire used instead two) during loading operations in substance pyrotechnic.

Les technologies mises en oeuvre pour réaliser la pastille 22 sont bien connues de l'homme du métier dans le domaine de la fabrication de composants électroniques à semi conducteur (dopage du silicium, métallisation sous vide, soudures).Technologies used to achieve the 22 are well known to those skilled in the art in the manufacturing of electronic components in semiconductor (silicon doping, metallization under vacuum, welds).

Ces techniques sont adaptées à la réalisation de composants en grande série donc peu coûteux.These techniques are suitable for carrying out components in large series therefore inexpensive.

L'utilisation d'un moyen d'initiation à pont semi-conducteur permet d'obtenir un initiateur dont les seuils de sécurité et de fonctionnements sont précis, ce qui ajoute à sa sûreté.The use of a semiconductor bridge initiation means allows to obtain an initiator whose thresholds of security and operations are precise, which adds to its safety.

On adoptera comme substance pyrotechnique une composition dont la granulomètrie moyenne est du même ordre de grandeur que les dimensions du pont semi-conducteur. Une telle disposition permet de limiter le transfert thermique à basse température tout en assurant ce transfert par convection et/ou projection à haute température ce qui accentue l'effet de non linéarité propre du semi-conducteur (c'est à dire la précision du seuil de fonctionnement, donc la sûreté).A pyrotechnic substance will be adopted composition with an average particle size of the same order larger than the dimensions of the semiconductor bridge. Such a provision makes it possible to limit the transfer thermal at low temperature while ensuring this transfer by convection and / or high projection temperature which accentuates the effect of proper nonlinearity of the semiconductor (i.e. the precision of the threshold of functioning, therefore safety).

A titre d'exemple on choisira une composition de granulomètrie moyenne 80 micromètres (soit une granulomètrie réelle comprise entre 10 et 200 micromètres) pour un pont de largeur 80 micromètres.As an example we will choose a composition of average particle size 80 micrometers (one real particle size between 10 and 200 micrometers) for a bridge 80 micrometers wide.

Un tel moyen d'initiation permet également d'obtenir une forte concentration d'énergie sur une zone (le pont semi conducteur) de surface réduite.Such a means of initiation also allows obtain a high concentration of energy in an area (the semiconductor bridge) of reduced surface.

Cette technologie autorise ainsi l'emploi de substances pyrotechniques moins sensibles par exemple des compositions à base de bore (20% en masse) et de nitrate de potassium (80% en masse) ou des compositions aluminium (20% en masse) / oxyde de cuivre (80% en masse).This technology thus allows the use of less sensitive pyrotechnic substances such as boron-based compositions (20% by mass) and nitrate potassium (80% by mass) or aluminum compositions (20% by mass) / copper oxide (80% by mass).

La substance pyrotechnique sera de préférence chargée par voie humide conformément au procédé décrit précédemment. Ce type de chargement permet d'assurer la reproductibilité du contact entre le pont semi-conducteur et la substance et permet également d'obtenir avec précision la masse souhaitée de substance pyrotechnique.The pyrotechnic substance will preferably be wet loaded according to the process described previously. This type of loading ensures the reproducibility of the contact between the semiconductor bridge and substance and also helps to get with precision the desired mass of pyrotechnic substance.

A titre de variante, il est également possible de disposer dans le boítier une substance pyrotechnique sèche.Alternatively, it is also possible to place in the housing a dry pyrotechnic substance.

La compression de la substance dans le logement du boítier sera effectuée alors sous une pression supérieure (par exemple de l'ordre de 100 à 200 mégapascals). Le bouchon 12 sera comme précédemment maintenu en appui contre la substance pyrotechnique lors de sa fixation par soudure sur la jupe.Compression of the substance in the housing of the housing will then be carried out under higher pressure (for example of the order of 100 to 200 megapascals). The cap 12 will be as previously supported against the pyrotechnic substance when it is fixed by welding on the skirt.

A titre de variante, il est possible également de déposer une couche de matériau isolant thermique et électrique sur le pont semi-conducteur. Cette couche pourra être par exemple une couche de 0,5 à 10 micromètres d'épaisseur d'oxyde de silicium ou de nitrure de silicium.Alternatively, it is also possible to deposit a layer of thermal insulating material and electric on the semiconductor bridge. This layer could be for example a layer of 0.5 to 10 micrometers thickness of silicon oxide or silicon nitride.

Une telle couche isolante permet de diminuer fortement le transfert thermique entre le pont semi-conducteur et la substance pyrotechnique. Cette dernière ne peut donc pas être initiée ou dégradée lorsqu'il circule un courant faible (de l'ordre de 0,3 Ampères). Par contre sous un fort courant (supérieur à 0,8 Ampères), la couche isolante est traversée par des projections de plasma de silicium à haute pression et haute température et elle peut initier des explosifs ou des substances pyrotechniques peu sensibles (par exemple une composition associant Bore et Nitrate de potassium).Such an insulating layer makes it possible to reduce strongly heat transfer between the semiconductor bridge and the pyrotechnic substance. This last therefore cannot be initiated or degraded when a low current flows (of the order of 0.3 amperes). On the other hand, under a strong current (greater than 0.8 Amps), the insulating layer is crossed by projections of high pressure and high temperature silicon plasma and it can initiate explosives or substances insensitive pyrotechnics (for example a composition combining Boron and potassium nitrate).

Une telle variante permet d'obtenir un initiateur de sûreté encore meilleure.Such a variant makes it possible to obtain an initiator even better safety.

Il est possible aussi d'utiliser la technologie des circuits intégrés pour former une pastille 22 comportant des circuits logiques qui commandent des interrupteurs intégrés (à base de transistors ou thyristors) pouvant bloquer le passage ou courant dans le pont semi conducteur 23. L'initiateur ne pourra alors être initié qu'en réponse à un signal codé déterminé transmis en superposition au signal de puissance fourni par les électrodes (ou encore transmis par des électrodes complémentaires spécifiques traversant le fond 5).It is also possible to use the technology of integrated circuits to form a patch 22 comprising logic circuits that control switches integrated (based on transistors or thyristors) which can block the passage or current in the semiconductor bridge 23. The initiator can only be initiated in response to a determined coded signal transmitted in superposition to the power signal supplied by the electrodes (or transmitted by specific complementary electrodes crossing the bottom 5).

Claims (9)

  1. Pyrotechnic detonator (1) comprising a pyrotechnic substance (2) placed inside a casing (3) comprising a metal wall (4) attached to an endplate (5) also made of metal, the endplate being penetrated by at least two electrodes (8a, 8b), at least one them is electrically insulated from the endplate (5) by an insulating material (15), characterised by the fact that the casing (3) has moulded plastic material (10) surrounding at least the endplate (5), a part of the electrodes (8a, 8b) and the metal wall, said casing (3) supports a cap (16) made of plastic material which closes it, the forward surface (18) of which bears upon the pyrotechnic substance.
  2. Detonator according to claim 1, characterised in that the endplate (5) carries a pellet (22) of an insulating substrate on which a semiconductor bridge (23) is deposited partially covered by two conducting studs (24a, 24b).
  3. Detonator according to claim 2, characterised in that one of the conducting studs (24b) is connected to the metal endplate (5) of the casing (3) by means of a semiconductor well (26) passing through the substrate, the said endplate (5) itself being connected to one of the electrodes (8b).
  4. Detonator according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that a layer of thermally and electrically insulating material is deposited on the semiconductor bridge and insulates the said bridge from the pyrotechnic substance.
  5. Detonator according to claim 4, characterised in that the insulating material consists of silicon oxide or nitride deposited in a thin film between 0.5 and 10 micrometres in thickness.
  6. Detonator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the pyrotechnic subtance (2) is charged into the casing by a wet process.
  7. Detonator according to claim 6, characterised in that the mean grain size of the ingredients of the pyrotechnic substance is of the same order of magnitude as the dimensions of the semiconductor bridge.
  8. Detonateur according to one of claims 1 to 7, charcterised in that the pyrotechnic substance is a composition made of bore and potassium nitrate.
  9. Detonateur according to anyone of claims 1 to 7, characterised by the fact that the pyrotechnic substance is a composition made of aluminium and copper oxide.
EP95921861A 1994-05-31 1995-05-30 Pyrotechnical initiator Expired - Lifetime EP0711400B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9406605 1994-05-31
FR9406605A FR2720493B1 (en) 1994-05-31 1994-05-31 Pyrotechnic initiator.
PCT/FR1995/000702 WO1995033175A1 (en) 1994-05-31 1995-05-30 Pyrotechnical initiator

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EP0711400A1 EP0711400A1 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0711400B1 true EP0711400B1 (en) 1998-11-25

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US (1) US5576509A (en)
EP (1) EP0711400B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09506965A (en)
KR (1) KR960704210A (en)
AT (1) ATE173813T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ286099B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69506213T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2720493B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995033175A1 (en)

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DE69506213T2 (en) 1999-04-29
CZ340395A3 (en) 1997-04-16
ATE173813T1 (en) 1998-12-15
CZ286099B6 (en) 2000-01-12
EP0711400A1 (en) 1996-05-15
DE69506213D1 (en) 1999-01-07
FR2720493B1 (en) 1996-07-19
US5576509A (en) 1996-11-19
JPH09506965A (en) 1997-07-08
FR2720493A1 (en) 1995-12-01
KR960704210A (en) 1996-08-31
WO1995033175A1 (en) 1995-12-07

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