EP0707326B1 - A motor driven mechanical change-over device for operating an electrical switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The electrical switching stage (27) has a shaft (7) that is moved bidirectionally through an arc to provide on-off switching. Coupled to the switch shaft are a pair of actuator bars (5,6) that are pivot mounted onto a disc coupled to the shaft. Movement of the actuators is provided by a cam plate (3) driven by a motor (2) that has a follower pin (4). The cam plate can move through an arc and engages a profiled section formed on the plate that provides a definite stop position. Both plates have the same shape. The switch has a coupling to a separate shaft (39) that can be manually operated for emergency purposes.

Description

The invention relates to a motor-driven, mechanical Switching mechanism for actuating the switching means electrical switch, with the motor drive on Rotational entrainment connected to a rotating cam is, an actuator in the orbit of this control cam It is provided that an abutment for the control cam has, the actuator slidably arranged and with a switch shaft leading to the switching means is connected or coupled that when attacking the actuating cam on the abutment of the actuator, the actuating cam movement takes the actuator and this the switch shaft pivoted by one shift, the abutment of the actuator after performing this switching movement by moving and / or pivoting the actuator comes out of the orbit of the control cam (generic term of claim 1). For this purpose, from DE-A 852 568 electric motor drive for electrical switches known, where a worm-driven wheel with a control cam a control rod back and forth in its longitudinal direction pivoted back, the control rod one with the Switch shaft connected crank with every sliding movement by 90 ° from the "on" position to the "off" position and reversed twisted. So it's going to be a back and forth turn the switch shaft. There is only one Abutment for the control cam and only one and only one Actuator provided in the form of the control rod. To carry out the aforementioned switchover is also disadvantageous a constant change in the direction of rotation of the worm driven wheel required. Furthermore, a Switch mechanism with Maltese transmission, for example from DE-GM 82 13 505.3 known. The disadvantage is that the Motor between the individual switching positions for the supply or. Spout only a free rotation of maximum 120 ° is available. So the engine is in its free Limited rotational movement. The gearbox becomes one Middle position out clockwise and then in Moved counterclockwise. Another disadvantage of this Arrangement is that in the event of a power failure and thus The motor is not at a standstill, manual emergency operation is not provided is. The driving stick of the driving wheel is located here in a slot of the driven star wheel and remains in this situation the drive rotor for some reason stand, so the whole drive is locked and can no longer continue. There is also no emergency operation possible.

Switching mechanisms with a Maltese switching element are also known and with deflecting bevel gear drives. Such Rear derailleurs are complicated in structure and therefore in the production is expensive. They are relatively tall therefore need an appropriate room. In addition, is a exact stopping of the drive motor required that turn on and off switch requires that in motion of the relevant switching means. But also with this effort, it is problematic to have a gearbox or to bring a drive motor to a sudden stop, for example after turning the drive axis by an angle of 90 °, because the rotating with the gear and the motor Inertia needs a certain run; unless, one would additionally provide braking means that this switching mechanism would further complicate and make it more expensive. Here it must also be taken into account that a modern electrical Switches are switched to "On" or "Off" at short intervals and / or perform different switching functions must always be done on time.

The task or problem of the invention is in contrast, in a switching mechanism according to the preamble of claim 1 to create, in the case of a rotary movement of the cam in orbit in that direction at least two switching steps are possible. With mechanical, simple and space-saving means and further below Avoid the disadvantageous wake of flywheels Switch shaft of a switching rotor of such an electrical Switch can be operated.

The solution to this problem is, starting from the beginning cited preamble of claim 1, first seen therein that on the actuator at a distance from the one abutment further abutments approximately in the longitudinal direction of the actuator are provided in series that one by hand or by Shift linkage actuated by magnetic force with one stop is provided, which gives the actuator an angular position that attacking the actuating cam on the one to be actuated Abutment enables (characterizing part of claim 1). As long as the drive motor is switched on, it runs Set cams constantly. This is in one direction of the control cam by detecting the respectively provided Number of abutments several switching movements in succession perform the appropriate switching rotations of the Result in switch shaft. After finishing this Switching period can be done by switching off the drive motor be ended. Here is a certain wake of the Drive motor and the transmission medium between it and harmless to the actuating cam, since this is only a corresponding one Has run after the control cam, whereby but the control cam does not engage in a switching engagement the actuator. The components explained are relatively small and robust. Such a switching mechanism is practically maintenance-free. Functionally it is important that while the switching processes of the control cams with constant angular velocity circulates and only then is switched off, i.e. comes to an end if there is no subsequent Has an influence on the actuation of the electrical switch. The state of the art according to utility model 8213505 disadvantageous limitation of the rotary movement of the motor to 120 ° is avoided. There is also a blocking, like this above described, avoided. Compared to the literature reference DE-A 852 568 is the possibility of operating a constantly in rotating in the same direction of rotation and thus switching switching rotor given. This is for a number of use cases not only beneficial but also necessary in which turning a selector shaft according to DE 852 568 by a relatively small angular amount in one Direction of rotation and then in the other direction of rotation Achieving an on-off switching is neither sufficient nor can be used.

The preferred embodiment of the invention with a further actuator according to claim 2 gives the possibility the teaching and the effect of claim 1 in both Make directions of rotation of the switching disc, the Control cams according to the direction of rotation of the Drive pulley alternatively one of two actuators operated. With this you can change the direction of rotation of the control cam or the switching disc clockwise other switching operations can be achieved than with a rotation of the switching disc counterclockwise. To make this happen only the previously described reversal of the direction of rotation Switch disc or the control cam. So can several switching steps in one direction of rotation for example 45 ° angle adjustment in succession be performed.

According to the embodiment of the invention according to claim 4 is for a resilient reset of the actuator or the actuators taken care of in the respective starting position.

The features of claims 3 and 7 include preferred Refinements and positions of the stop of the Shift linkage in relation to the two actuators; and with the addition of a return spring according to claim 7.

According to the features of claim 8, the two Actuators are identical, but mirror images be arranged to each other. Except for the one given here Simplify their manufacture and attachment thus achieved that when turning the switching disc in Clockwise and counterclockwise the same Switching movements are carried out, only that the Switch shaft once clockwise and once in Is pivoted counterclockwise.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is Subject of claim 9. The articulation of both actuators on a flange increases stability and simplifies at the same time the construction to use the switch shaft to be able to operate two actuators.

The switch is synchronized with the speed of rotation of the Motor axis switched. The engine is in its phase-out phase not limited. For example, it can also run continuously continue to turn because the actuators after reaching the Switch position of the control cam of the switching disc be displaced laterally.

For example, there would be three switching positions the first switch position for switching on, the second switch position for the selection of a certain one Speed and the third switch position for switching off to provide. In any case, the number corresponds to Switching steps and thus switching positions of the number of Abutment of the respective actuator.

There are several complete rounds in succession of the cam with one of the number of revolutions and the Abutment corresponding number of pivots of the Switch shaft possible, the pivoting angle of the Switch shaft are either the same or different (see claim 12).

It is known in the switching mechanisms explained at the beginning, to provide a manually operated emergency shaft to manual operation if the electric drive motor fails to enable the relevant electrical switch. The rotation of the emergency switching shaft on the switch shaft transmitted through bevel gears, which are expensive to manufacture, which also has the disadvantage of a large space requirement to have. This disadvantage is also intended to be eliminated with the invention become. The means according to claim 13 are used for this purpose. The L-shaped sheet in cross-section and the ones that engage in it As a result, management tools do not require any additional Room. They are simple and therefore inexpensive producible.

Fig. 1:

Ein Umschaltwerk nach der Erfindung in perspektivischer Ansicht und zum Teil aufgeschnitten,

Fig. 2 bis 7:

verschiedene Schaltstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispieles der Erfindung mit Schaltscheibe, Stellnocken, Stellgliedern und Schalterwelle, sowie dazugehörigen Bauteilen,

Fig. 8:

eine Anordnung zur Übertragung der Drehung einer Notschaltwelle auf die Schalterwelle in der Seitenansicht,

Fig. 9:

die Draufsicht zu Fig. 8,

Fig. 10:

die Stirnansicht zu Fig. 8.

With regard to further features and advantages of the invention, reference is expressly made to the further subclaims as well as to the following description and the associated drawing of possible embodiments of the invention. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1:

A switching mechanism according to the invention in a perspective view and partially cut away,

2 to 7:

different switching positions of an embodiment of the invention with switching disk, actuating cams, actuators and switch shaft, as well as associated components,

Fig. 8:

an arrangement for transmitting the rotation of an emergency switching shaft to the switch shaft in side view,

Fig. 9:

the top view of Fig. 8,

Fig. 10:

the front view of Fig. 8th

Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of a preferred Possibility of executing such a switching mechanism with Housing 1, drive motor 2, switching disc 3 with control cams 4, two actuators 5, 6 and only partially here recognizable switch shaft 7. If the aforementioned Execution option with two actuators is preferred is, the invention can be advantageous even with one Switching device can be provided, which is only one actuator having. Furthermore, an emergency switching shaft 39 and associated, only schematically indicated means for Transfer of a rotation of the emergency switching shaft to the Switch shaft 7 may be provided (in more detail to Figures 12 to 14 and the associated text referred). The rotation of the motor 2 is not over deflection means shown and one only dash-dotted indicated drive shaft 10 on the switching disk 3 transfer. The one with the switch shaft 7 on rotary driving connected switching rotor of such an electrical switch is not shown in the drawing. The aforementioned Switching rotor actuated, e.g. closes or opens, corresponding electrical contacts depending on its rotational position. Prefers but not exclusively aforementioned electrical switches to larger switches the are in an oil bath and are remote controlled have to. The invention would also be smaller in comparison Switches can be used. Such a remote control can done from a central office. It causes the feed and Switch off the drive motor 2 and thus the corresponding Switching rotations of the switch shaft. As long as the engine 2 the control cam is running or is running Switch disc 3 with the cam 4 around.

The FIGS. 2 to 7 explained below each show Embodiments of mechanical switchgear after of the invention, in which the preferably provided switching disc and thus the control cam both clockwise, can also be turned counterclockwise, whereby hereby two actuators are actuated, which are the switch shaft turn clockwise or counterclockwise. This switching option is in both directions of rotation a preferred embodiment of the invention. The principle The invention could also come from rotating the switch shaft can be realized in just one direction of rotation. There are for the same, or at least in principle the same components the same reference numbers are used.

2 to 7 are the switching disc 3 and their Drive shaft 10, which is firmly attached to the switching disc Actuating cams 4 and the two actuators 5, 6 are shown. These actuators are each articulated with a flange 8 connected, namely by means of pins or the like 9. The Flange 8 is rotatably connected to the switch shaft 7. Furthermore, a tension spring 11 is provided, which on the actuators 5, 6 attacks and strives, this in the direction of the arrow 12 towards each other while doing the To pivot articulations 9. The actuators 5, 6 have Abutment surfaces 13 'and 13 "which are in orbit 15 of the control cam 4 are. Actuators 5, 6 can be equal to each other according to this embodiment be, but arranged in mirror image to each other, so that both when rotating the cam 4 on the track 15 in Clockwise, as well as its rotation counterclockwise the switch shaft as explained in detail below 7 each by the same angular amount, but in the corresponding direction of rotation is pivoted. The drive shaft 10 and the switch shaft 7 are in a certain, fixed Fixed distance from each other (not shown in detail).

The two abutment surfaces 13 'and 13 "have a distance from each other. The abutment surfaces 13 'of the Articulations 9 of the actuators 5, 6 further away than that Abutment surfaces 13 ". When the switching disc 3 clockwise, the setting cam 4 first comes to rest to the abutment 13 "(see FIG. 2). As it rotates further clockwise he pushes the actuator 5 in Downward arrow direction 17 and thus rotates the flange 8 and the switch shaft 7 through an angle A-B of 45 ° in the Position according to Fig. 3. In the course of its further orbit the control cam 4 slides on the inner edge 14 of the actuator 5 and pushes it outwards, i.e. turns it clockwise around the corresponding joint 9. Furthermore, the actuator becomes in the further course of this orbit 6 from the control cam 4 counterclockwise its linkage 9 is pivoted. The control cam is located 4 outside the area of the inner edge 14 of the actuator 6, the spring 11 moves it clockwise pivoted inside until its stop 16 to rest on the Switch disc 3 comes. The side stops 16 of the Actuators 5, 6 secure their position according to FIG. 3 and 6, in which these stops to engage the outside Lateral surface of the switching disc 3 come. These attacks can be formed by folding the actuators 5, 6 Sheets are created. By turning the control disc further the control cam 4 takes the one shown in FIG. 3 Position in which he is on the other abutment surface 13 ' of the actuator 5 is applied. About this abutment 13 ' he moves the actuator 5 further in the direction of arrow 17, with which the flange 8 by a further 45 ° (see angle specification B-C) is moved so that it assumes the position shown in FIG. 4. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that the Transition from the switch position according to FIG. 2 to the switch position 4, the movement of the actuator 5 in Direction of arrow 17 over the flange 8 an opposite movement of actuator 6 in the direction of arrow 17 '. If the drive of the switching disc 3 is not switched off, then the switch disc can run for any length of time. It was So with the help of these two abutments 13 ', 13 "the switch shaft 7 in two steps of 45 ° clockwise panned. When the setting cam 4 continues to move clockwise he presses the further actuator 6 as before described above and slides outward, i.e. on whose inner edge 14 over. In the context is one Support rod 18 provided with a stop 18 ', both in the direction of the arrow 19 and in the direction of the arrow 20 (see Fig. 4) is displaceable. This shift linkage 18, 18 'is used for the arrangement of two abutments 13', 13 " respective actuator 5 or 6 in such an angular position to hold the respective articulation point 9 that the switch cam 4 during circulation to the abutment 13 " System comes and the relevant actuator switches, as well that the next turn of the actuating cam 4, the stop 18 ' has shifted so far that the actuator in question under the action of the tension spring 11 an angular position about their relevant pivot point 9, or 10 in which the Abutment 13 'in the orbit of the control cam 4th located. This applies both when the control cam 4 moves clockwise, as well as counterclockwise. The adjustment of the stop 18 'by means of the holding rod 18th is synchronously controlled with the revolutions of the actuating cam 4. Securing the position of the respective actuator takes place by abutment of the stop 18 'on the respective Inner edge 14 of the relevant actuator. So that works Stop 18 'a further pivoting of the relevant Actuator by the spring 11 against. The movement of the Handrail 18 and the timing of this movement can be mechanical, electromechanical or by control by means of electrically operated magnets. It is can be seen that after reaching the position shown in FIG. 5 to the right of the cam 4 in its orbit 15 clockwise moves on. To avoid an additional 5 is the beginning of the illustration Switching movement of the actuator 6 when the switching disc rotates 3 shown clockwise. This shows the Arrow 21 with the position provided at the arrow head 22 of the control cam 4, which on the abutment surface 13 'of Actuator 6 is applied. From here the turning continues the switching disc 3 a movement of the actuator 6 in Direction of arrow 17, with which the flange 8 and the switch shaft 7 pivoted by 45 ° into the position shown in FIG. 6 are, also clockwise. This Angle 45 ° is between points 0 and E. This is therefore the same sequence as with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 described, but in the counterclockwise direction. Fig. 6 shows the system of the control cam 4 on the abutment 13 ' of the actuator 6. With the further rotation of the switching disc 3 in the direction of arrow 21 (FIG. 5), the actuator 6 pushed further down and brings himself, as well as the Flange 8 and the switch shaft 7 in the position shown in FIG. 7. This is a further pivoting of the switch shaft 45 °, according to the arc between points E and F (see Fig. 5) takes place. The embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 7 shows that with the same actuator several Switching steps can be carried out one after the other. This are two in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 7 Switching steps by 45 ° each. But the invention can also several, e.g. three switching steps when moving one Actuator by appropriate angle adjustments, be it For example, three switching steps of 30 ° each or from 45 ° each, cause the switch shaft (not shown).

Such a mechanical switching mechanism is especially for Switching operations can be used in which exactly specified Switching paths there and back must be observed, and regardless of the direction of rotation of the switching process, as well as avoiding the disadvantages of the mentioned wake. It is understood that the configuration of the actuators 5, 6 should be chosen so that its contours, in particular the abutment surfaces and the inner edges with respect to the Position of the orbit 15 of the actuating cam 4 and the position the articulation points 9 matched in the sense of the teaching of the invention are.

1, already explained at the outset, also shows one Arrangement for simple means in the event of engine failure 2 via a manually operated emergency switching shaft 39 Switch switch shaft 7, i.e. to be able to twist. details are shown in Figs. 8-10.

An approximately rectangular spring spring 26 is in cross section surrounded by an angled plate that is approximately in cross section Is L-shaped. The legs of this L are numbered 27, 28. Fig. 12 shows a within itself in the leg 27 Longitudinal direction 34-34 of the angle plate 27, 28 extending Section 29 with a smaller one running perpendicular to it Section 30. In the larger section 29 is Switch shaft 7 introduced and guided, the rotationally fixed Control approach 31 with guide pin 32 carries. The guide pin 32 slides into the smaller cutout 30. In the thigh 28 an analog arrangement is provided, consisting of a larger cutout 33, which is also in the longitudinal direction 34-34 of the angle plate 27, 28 and one transverse cut-out 34. The emergency switching shaft 39 is introduced into the larger cutout 33 and guided therein, and with a control approach 35 rotatably connected, which carries a guide pin 36. This guide pin 36 slides into the smaller cutout 34. The Cutouts 29, 30 and 33, 34 each merge. Turning the emergency switching shaft 39 by hand, e.g. by means of of a socket wrench 37, via the guide arrangement 33, 34, 35, 36 a displacement of the angle plate 27, 28 in Direction of arrows 34-34 result. This movement of the Angled plates 27, 28 effect via the guide arrangement 29, 30, 31, 32 a corresponding rotation of the switch shaft 7. Thus, by turning the emergency switching shaft 39 the actuating electrical switches can be switched by hand. At the end positions of the sliding movement of the angle plate 27, 28 auxiliary contact switches 38 are provided. Only one auxiliary contact switch is shown, namely 1 on the right. About this auxiliary contact switch can optically the respective position of the angle plate and thus the switch position are displayed.

So there are the motor-operated switch shaft 1 and manually operated emergency switching shaft 39 via the aforementioned arrangement with guided tours in sync and inevitably with each other coupled, both clockwise rotations, as well as counterclockwise. This arrangement he sets the existing and expensive in the state of the art space-consuming bevel gears.

In the case of manual emergency operation via the emergency switching shaft 39 it is recommended that the actuators 5, 6 are so far apart to spread that they are no longer in the area of revolving control cam 4 are. For example done with a lever arrangement 40, 41 (see Fig. 1). This lever arrangement can by the socket wrench 37 are actuated for the rotation of the emergency switching shaft 39 is put over this (the connection between this Socket wrench 37 and the levers 40, 41 is in the drawing not shown).

Claims (16)

1. Motor-driven mechanical switchover mechanism for actuating the switching means of an electrical switch, wherein the motor drive (3) is connected for rotary drive to a revolving controlling pin (4), wherein there is provided, in the circular path (15) of said controlling pin, an actuator (5) which has an abutment (13") for the controlling pin, wherein the actuator is displaceably disposed and is connected or coupled to a switch shaft (7) leading to the switching means in such a way that, when the controlling pin (4) acts on the abutment (13") of the actuator (5), the movement of the controlling pin drives the actuator and the latter swivels the switch shaft (7) through a switching rotation, and wherein, after executing said switching movement by displacing and/or swivelling the actuator (5), the abutment (13") of the actuator leaves the circular path of the controlling pin (4), characterized in that further abutments (13') are provided consecutively approximately in the longitudinal direction of the actuator on the actuator (5) at a distance from the one abutment (13"), in that a switching linkage (18, 18') which is actuated manually or by magnetic force and has a stop (18') is provided which gives the actuator an angular position which makes it possible for the controlling pin (4) to act on the respective abutment (13' or 13") to be actuated.
2. Switchover mechanism according to Claim 1, characterized in that a further actuator (6) is provided and in that, on rotation of the switching disc (3) and of the controlling pin (4) in the clockwise direction, one of said actuators (5) with its abutments is situated in the circular path (15) of the controlling pin and is moved thereby, but, when the switching disc (3) and the controlling pin (4) are rotated in the counterclockwise direction, the other actuator (6) with its abutments is situated in the circular path (15) of the controlling pin and is moved thereby, the respective actuator which is not moved being so designed and mounted that it makes it possible for the controlling pin to pass without switching actuation.
3. Switchover mechanism according to Claim 2, characterized in that the stop (18') of the switching linkage is situated between the two actuators (5, 6) and is displaceable approximately transversely to the longitudinal direction of said actuators.
4. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a resilient resetting (11) of the actuator (5 or 6) or of the actuators (5, 6) to the respective initial position is provided.
5. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two actuators (5, 6) are pulled by a tension spring (11) towards one another and against a stop.
6. Switchover mechanism according to Claim 5, characterized in that the edge or the lateral surface of the switching disc (3) is provided as a stop, corresponding counterstops (16) being situated on the actuators (5, 6).
7. Switchover mechanism according to Claim 5, characterized in that the respective actuator (5) or (6) rests against the stop (18') of the switching linkage (18, 18') under the action of a restoring spring (11).
8. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that two mutually identical but specularly disposed actuators (5, 6) are provided.
9. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the actuators (5, 6) are pivoted (9) on a flange (8) which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the switch shaft (7).
10. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized by an arrangement which effects a swivelling of the switch shaft (7) through 90° in the event of a complete revolution of the controlling pin (4).
11. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the displacement of the switching linkage (18, 18') is controlled synchronously with the revolutions of the controlling pin (4).
12. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized by an arrangement of the abutments (13', 13") in such a way that a plurality of complete revolutions, following one another consecutively, of the controlling pin (4) results in a number of swivellings of the switch shaft (7) corresponding to the number of revolutions, the swivelling angles of the switch shaft being either equal or unequal to one another.
13. Switchover mechanism having an additional, manually actuable emergency switching shaft which, in the event of failure of the drive motor, rotates the switch shaft via articulated means, according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that there is provided as articulated means an angled metal sheet (27, 28) which is approximately L-shaped in cross section and which has slotted guides for the emergency switching shaft (39), which carries an extension (35) having a control pin (36), and also for the switch shaft, (7) which carries an extension (31) and control pin (32), in such a way that each turn of one of the abovementioned shafts (7 or 39) results in a displacement of the angled metal sheet (27, 28) in its longitudinal direction (34-34) and consequently, a rotation of the respective other shafts (39, 7) via the slotted guides.
14. Switchover mechanism according to Claim 13, characterized in that the two actuators (5, 6) can be forced apart to such an extent that they are no longer situated in the region of the circular path (3) of the controlling pin (4).
15. Switchover mechanism according to Claim 14, characterized in that a lever arrangement (40, 41) is provided for the forcing-apart and its actuation takes place on applying a socket torsion spanner (37) to the emergency switching shaft (39).
16. Switchover mechanism according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized by one auxiliary contact switch (38) in each case at the end of the displacement path of the angled metal sheet (27, 28), the auxiliary contact switches being connected electrically to a display.

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