EP0703417B1 - Wassererhitzer mit einem katalytischen Brenner - Google Patents
Wassererhitzer mit einem katalytischen Brenner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0703417B1 EP0703417B1 EP95113285A EP95113285A EP0703417B1 EP 0703417 B1 EP0703417 B1 EP 0703417B1 EP 95113285 A EP95113285 A EP 95113285A EP 95113285 A EP95113285 A EP 95113285A EP 0703417 B1 EP0703417 B1 EP 0703417B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst body
- water
- water chamber
- contact
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
- F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion
Definitions
- the invention relates to a water heater with a catalytic burner according to the preamble of the main claim.
- the monolytic catalyst is assigned to a second combustion stage and the first combustion stage is provided with a split burner in which a fuel gas / air mixture flows through annular combustion gaps between a catalytically coated and a ceramic-coated wall of a water chamber .
- the reaction should take place in the central area of the support structure as far as possible, so that the high temperatures in this area can be used even at low concentrations of the fuel gas and a large part of the heat of reaction reaches the exhaust gas heat exchanger via the exhaust gas.
- the support structure consists of ceramic, the outer ceramic layer bordering the wall of the water chamber being shielded from the inflowing reaction mixture by an annular diaphragm.
- the wall of the water chamber delimiting the combustion gap is covered with the ceramic layer and removed from the catalyst layer by the burner gap.
- catalytic Burner in which between a burner gap and a water chamber a gap for feeding Combustion air is arranged, the excessive heat radiation to the water chamber prevented (DE 43 06 722 C1).
- a single-stage catalytic burner is also known (Magazine Sanitary and Heating Technology 1992, Issue 12, Pp. 878 - 880) in which a porous, cylindrical Fiber body an axial input channel for a fuel-air mixture has and on the circumference of the coat with a catalytic coated mesh is covered. That in the fiber body axially blown and radially deflected in this mixture reacts with the catalyst layer on the network, after which the combustion gases through an annular gap between the network and a water chamber to a downstream exhaust gas heat exchanger stream. This version also becomes one strong cooling of the catalyst body through the annular gap avoided between this and the water chamber.
- EP A 256 322 describes a generic water heater proposed, however, as a carrier material for the Catalyst body non-metallic materials, such as Example proposed aluminum oxide or silicon oxide become. Due to the low thermal conductivity of this Carrier substances can be those remaining in the catalyst body excess heat only to a small extent water to be heated can be removed.
- the support structure of the catalyst body can, for example made of sintered metal parts (preferably spherical) or consist of a wire mesh. When using a wire mesh is expedient by sintering or solidified by another method. Furthermore, the Support structure also from one with through holes or Bores provided metallic body exist. On the The catalytic layer is known in the carrier structure Way, applied by means of wash coat. As a catalytic Layers come from platinum group metals or oxides, e.g. Chromium oxides and mixed oxides in question.
- the heat dissipation from the catalyst body to the water chamber can be advantageously influenced by this and the operating behavior of the catalyst can be adjusted if the in the flow direction length of the fuel-air mixture the contact area of the catalyst body and water chamber shortened compared to the total length of the catalyst body is executed. This creates a large temperature gradient in the area of the heat-dissipating zone of the catalyst body achieved without excessive catalyst temperatures in the areas of the Adjust the catalyst body.
- the support structure can advantageously be designed so that the thermal conductivity of the catalyst body continuously over the Radius changes.
- the different conductivity can, for example due to different grain sizes or wire diameters, by influencing the sintering process or by different hole or hole spacing or diameter can be realized.
- the catalyst body When the burner is started, the catalyst body can be heated to operating temperature by igniting the from the Fuel-air mixture emerging catalyst body take place. The resulting flame sits on the catalyst body and heats its surface until after a certain time the catalyst body has heated up so far that the catalytic combustion gets going and the reaction only takes place in the catalyst body.
- This method of Heating to operating temperature is more energy efficient than the known measure, the fuel-air mixture supplied to the burner preheat electrically.
- the specific surface load must not exceed a value of approx. 30 W / cm 2 .
- the water heater is compact, if a first penetrates centrally through the catalyst body Water chamber and a second water chamber surrounding it on the outside is provided.
- Figures 1 to 7 show simplified one of the exemplary embodiments in longitudinal section.
- the water heater according to Figure 1 has one with an insulating jacket provided housing 10, in which a as a cylindrical Block of trained monolytic catalyst bodies 12 is inserted. This encloses a water chamber 14, which lies in the course of a hot water pipe 16, 18.
- the housing 10 has an inlet 20 below for a fuel-air mixture, which after the reaction in the catalyst body 12 as exhaust gas through an exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 flows.
- the catalyst body 12 has a continuously metallic support structure 24, the through openings of which with a catalytic layer covered walls are limited.
- the Support structure 24 lies directly on a metallic one bare metal section 26 of the water chamber 14, so that there is good thermal contact between the parts.
- a barrier 30 in the form of a wall section 26 surrounding washer provided an incomplete Reaction in that adjacent to the water chamber 14 prevents the inner region of the catalyst body 12.
- the Barrier 30 is dimensioned so that at least on its edge the reaction temperature of the catalyst is reached.
- the water heater according to Figure 2 differs from the one described above Embodiment only in that a monolytic catalyst body 34 by a truncated cone executed end wall 36 is limited to the same Outside diameter a larger area than the plane End wall 28 according to Figure 1 has. This ensures that the at the start of the burner flame framing the front wall 36 less thermal stress or more heat on the Catalyst body 34 can transfer than it does when running according to Figure 1 is the case.
- the water heater according to FIG. 3 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 only in that a catalyst body 38 is in heat-conducting connection with the water chamber 14 only via a bare metallic wall section 40, the axial length L 1 of which is essentially the result of a central recess 42 in the catalyst body 38 is shorter than its total axial length L 2 .
- a large temperature gradient is achieved in the area of the heat-dissipating zone 44 without the catalyst temperatures in the areas 46 further away being set too high.
- the water heater according to Figure 4 differs from that according to Figure 1 only in that except for an inner Water chamber 14 a parallel to the water flow arranged outer water chamber 48 in the course of the hot water pipe 16, 18 is provided.
- the catalyst body 12 is with the outer water chamber 48 via a metallic bare wall section 50 in good thermal contact, wherein to prevent an incomplete reaction in the adjacent Area of the catalyst body 12 through this an annular barrier 52 is covered.
- the water heater according to Figure 5 is also with two water chambers 14 and 48 and with a monolytic catalyst body 54 provided, as in the embodiment according to Figures 2 and 3 a frustoconical end wall 36 has. Due to this design of the end wall 36 and a central one starting from the lower end The recess 56 of the catalyst body 44 is only short Wall sections 58, 60 with the water chambers 14, 48 in metallic heat-conducting contact, whereby the desired large temperature gradients in the range of heat-dissipating zones.
- the water heater of Figure 6 differs from that Design according to Figure 1 in that a monolytic catalyst body 62 has a support structure 64, the through openings formed as fine bores or holes 66 are, whose walls with a catalytically effective Layer are coated.
- a similar support structure has one Catalyst body 68 of a water heater shown in Figure 7, which, like the explanations according to FIGS. 4 and 5 has two water chambers 14 and 48 and these by appropriate Shaping only on shortened wall sections 70, 72 touched.
Description
Claims (7)
- Wassererhitzer mit einem katalytischen Brenner, der einen Katalysatorkörper (12, 34, 38, 54, 62, 68) hat, dessen in einer Trägerstruktur (24, 64) gebildete Durchgangsöffnungen für ein Brennstoff-Luftgemisch von mit einer katalytisch wirksamen Schicht überzogenen Wänden (26, 40, 50, 58, 60, 70, 72) begrenzt sind, und ferner mit mindestens einer vom aufzuheizenden Wasser durchströmten Kammer (14, 48), die einen von der katalytischen Reaktionswärme beaufschlagten aktiven Wandabschnitt hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Katalysatorkörper (12, 34, 38, 54, 62, 68) eine durchgehend metallische Trägerstruktur (24, 64) hat, die in unmittelbarem Wärmekontakt mit einer Wand (26, 40, 50, 58, 60, 70, 72) der Wasserkammer (14, 48) steht.
- Wassererhitzer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Strömungsrichtung des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches gemessene Länge der Berührungsfläche von Katalysatorkörper (38, 54, 68) und Wasserkammer (14, 48) gegenüber der Gesamtlänge des Katalysatorkörpers (38, 54, 68) verkürzt ausgeführt ist.
- Wassererhitzer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Katalysatorkörper durch entsprechende Ausbildung der Trägerstruktur in dem an die Berührungsfläche mit der Wasserkammer liegenden Bereich eine kleinere Wärmeleitfähigkeit hat als in den weiter davon entfernten Bereichen.
- Wassererhitzer nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Katalysatorkörper (12, 34, 38, 54) am ausgangsseitigen Ende der Berührungsfläche mit der Wasserkammer (14, 48) mit einer die Gemischströmung in dem an die Berührungsfläche angrenzenden Bereich behindernden Barriere (30, 52) versehen ist.
- Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufheizung des Katalysatorkörpers (12, 34, 38, 54, 62, 68) auf Betriebstemperatur durch Entflammung des aus dem Katalysatorkörper austretenden Brennstoff-Luftgemischs erfolgt.
- Brenner nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ausgangsseitige Stirnwand (36) des Katalysatorkörpers (34, 38, 54) kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet ist.
- Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche gekennzeichnet durch eine den Katalysatorkörper (12, 54, 68) zentral durchsetzende Wasserkammer (14) und eine den Katalysatorkörper außen umschließende zweite Wasserkammer (48).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4434249A DE4434249A1 (de) | 1994-09-24 | 1994-09-24 | Wassererhitzer mit einem katalytischen Brenner |
DE4434249 | 1994-09-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0703417A1 EP0703417A1 (de) | 1996-03-27 |
EP0703417B1 true EP0703417B1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
Family
ID=6529157
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95113285A Expired - Lifetime EP0703417B1 (de) | 1994-09-24 | 1995-08-24 | Wassererhitzer mit einem katalytischen Brenner |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0703417B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4434249A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2141285T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH690282A5 (de) * | 1994-07-25 | 2000-06-30 | Vaillant Gmbh | Heizgerät mit einem katalytischen Brenner. |
DE19904921C2 (de) * | 1999-02-06 | 2000-12-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Erhitzer für Flüssigkeiten |
DE19937152B4 (de) * | 1999-08-06 | 2006-09-21 | Nucellsys Gmbh | Kombiniertes Bauteil zur Nachverbrennung von Anodenabgasen eines Brennstoffzellensystems und zum Verdampfen von dem Brennstoffzellensystem zuzuführenden Edukten |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4168946A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1979-09-25 | Comstock & Wescott, Inc. | Catalytic fuel combustion apparatus and method |
IT1197078B (it) * | 1986-08-07 | 1988-11-25 | Umberto Viani | Caldaie con combustione catalitica di metano per il riscaldamento di acqua per usi domestici |
DE4204320C1 (de) | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung Ev, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
DE4306722C1 (de) | 1993-03-04 | 1994-03-03 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Brenner zur katalytischen Verbrennung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches |
-
1994
- 1994-09-24 DE DE4434249A patent/DE4434249A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-08-24 DE DE59507375T patent/DE59507375D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-24 EP EP95113285A patent/EP0703417B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-24 ES ES95113285T patent/ES2141285T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4434249A1 (de) | 1996-03-28 |
ES2141285T3 (es) | 2000-03-16 |
DE59507375D1 (de) | 2000-01-13 |
EP0703417A1 (de) | 1996-03-27 |
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