EP0703364B1 - Method and device for driving a micropump - Google Patents
Method and device for driving a micropump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0703364B1 EP0703364B1 EP95112161A EP95112161A EP0703364B1 EP 0703364 B1 EP0703364 B1 EP 0703364B1 EP 95112161 A EP95112161 A EP 95112161A EP 95112161 A EP95112161 A EP 95112161A EP 0703364 B1 EP0703364 B1 EP 0703364B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- micropump
- valve structure
- resonance
- driving signal
- pumped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
- F04B43/043—Micropumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
- F04B19/006—Micropumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
- F04B2203/04—Motor parameters of linear electric motors
- F04B2203/0404—Frequency of the electric current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a micropump by means of a driver signal such that a conveying direction defined by a valve structure is reversed.
- Micro diaphragm pumps are known for example from WO-93/05295. One of the pumps described there is shown in Fig. 1.
- This micro-diaphragm pump 100 comprises a two-part displacement unit 102 and also a two-part valve unit 104.
- the two parts of the displacement unit 102 comprise a flexible pump diaphragm 106 and a rigid counter electrode 108.
- a so-called drive chamber 110 is formed between the pump diaphragm 106 and a counter chamber 108.
- the pump membrane 106 is attracted by the counter electrode 108.
- the volume of the pump chamber 112 increases and a fluid to be pumped is sucked in via an inlet.
- the pump membrane 106 relaxes in its output region and displaces the fluid to be pumped into the outlet 116.
- Two passive check valves 118, 120 which define a preferred direction for the fluid flow, result in a directional pumping action when the displacement unit 102 is periodically activated from inlet 114 to outlet 116 of the pump.
- the behavior of the valves 118, 120 is quasi static, ie the position of the movable valve part results at all times from the hydrostatic pressure difference applied across the valve.
- Known methods for controlling such a micro diaphragm pump enable a fluid to be pumped in the preferred direction defined by the valves 118, 120.
- micromembrane pump In technical applications of the micromembrane pump, the situation often arises in which fluids, for example, both have to be transported to a sensor element and have to be removed again. This occurs, for example, in chemical analysis, in which liquids both have to be transported to a sensor element and have to be removed again. So far, a micro-diaphragm pump has to be used both for the forward transport and for the removal, these micro-diaphragm pumps being arranged in opposite directions. The need for the two micro diaphragm pumps increases the complexity of such analytical systems and their manufacturing costs and makes it difficult to fill them with a fluid when operating these systems.
- the present invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device for controlling a micropump which make it possible to reverse the conveying direction defined by a valve structure.
- the present invention provides a method for controlling a micropump by means of a driver signal, the micropump having a conveying direction defined by a valve structure, with the method step of applying the driver signal to the exciter frequency Micropump, the excitation frequency being in the range above a resonance of a system formed from the moving parts of the micropump and the fluid to be pumped, whereby the delivery direction defined by a valve structure is reversed.
- the present invention provides a device for controlling a micropump by means of a driver signal, the micropump having a conveying direction defined by a valve structure, with a device for generating the driver signal with an excitation frequency which is in the range above a resonance of one of the moving parts of the micropump and the system to be pumped fluid lies, whereby the delivery direction defined by a valve structure is reversed.
- the micropump can be designed as a micro-diaphragm pump.
- An advantage of the present invention is that for practical applications in which both a transport and a transport of fluids to an element is required, only a micro-diaphragm pump has to be used, whereby the required space is reduced.
- Another advantage is that the filling of such systems with a fluid is made easier.
- Yet another advantage is that the manufacturing cost of such systems can be significantly reduced.
- the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention make it possible to reverse the pumping direction in micro-diaphragm pumps (see FIG. 1) with so-called passive check valves 118, 120.
- the displacement unit 102 is acted upon by a driver signal which has an operating frequency in the region of a resonance, which is essentially defined by the movable valve parts, which lies above this resonance.
- this resonance is a resonance of a system which is formed from the moving parts of the micro diaphragm pump (106, 118, 120) and from the fluid to be pumped.
- This behavior corresponds to that of an oscillatory, mechanical system, which is stimulated to a forced oscillation by an external force.
- the amplitude of the vibration has the known resonance behavior.
- the curves 200 and 202 shown in FIG. 2 represent the course of the deflection and the phase shift with different damping or quality factors.
- the course of the curve 200 is assigned a quality factor of 3 and the course of the curve 202 is assigned a quality factor of 1 .
- the deflection and phase shift of a movable valve part shown in FIG. 2 applies to a resonance of this part of 3000 Hz.
- the curves in the first line indicate the so-called exciting pressure
- the signal curves in the middle line indicate the opening state of the movable valve
- the signal curves in the lower row show the time-dependent flow
- the respective y-scales in any Units are shown.
- the second effect is that the valve can only be opened in the positive direction (see second line of Fig. 3), i.e. the valve is completely closed for half a period.
- the micro diaphragm pump In the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 kHz, the micro diaphragm pump is in its so-called standard operating range, which is shown by arrow 400. In this standard operating range 400, the micro diaphragm pump has a positive pumping rate ( ⁇ > 0), which corresponds to a forward pumping effect.
- the micro diaphragm pump In the frequency range from 2 kHz to 6 kHz, which is represented by the arrow 410, the micro diaphragm pump has a negative pumping rate ( ⁇ ⁇ 0), which corresponds to a backward pumping effect.
- the resonance frequency of the movable valve parts used in a micro diaphragm pump can be varied by a suitable change in the shape of the valves used. This makes it possible to influence the frequency range 410 in which the negative pumping rate occurs.
- the frequency range 410 where a negative pumping rate occurs is the frequency range where there is a phase difference of about 90 degrees to about 180 degrees between the drive signal and the deflection of the valves.
- the frequency range in which a positive pumping rate occurs is that frequency range in which a phase difference of approximately 0 degrees to 90 degrees occurs between the driver signal and the deflection of the valve structure.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the arrangement of a device for generating a driver signal and a micro diaphragm pump.
- the device according to the invention for controlling a micro-diaphragm pump 510 by means of a driver signal comprises a device 500 for generating the driver signal with an excitation frequency which lies in the range above a resonance of the system formed from the moving parts of the micro-diaphragm pump 510 and the fluid to be pumped.
- the driver signal is over one or more Signal lines 520 applied to the micro diaphragm pump 510.
- the driver signal generating device generates a second driver signal with a second excitation frequency, which is in a range in which a phase difference of approximately 0 degrees to 90 degrees occurs between the driver signal and the deflection of the valve structure, in order to fluid to be pumped into that defined by the valve structure Pump direction of pumping.
- the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are not limited to micro-diaphragm pumps that use check valves.
- the application of the invention to micro diaphragm pumps which use passive valves of a different design is readily possible.
- the application of the present invention is not limited to a micro diaphragm pump that uses two valves.
- the use of micro diaphragm pumps that use one valve or more than two valves is easily possible.
- piezoelectric and pneumatic or thermopneumatic drive mechanisms for the micro diaphragm pump are also possible.
- a two-phase thermal drive is also contemplated, in which a liquid is heated in a drive chamber, whereby a vapor bubble is formed, through which a pump membrane is actuated by displacement.
- the thermal two-phase drive enables higher pressures to be generated than a purely thermopneumatic drive.
- a piston displacer can also be considered in addition to a membrane displacer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Mikropumpe mittels eines Treibersignals, derart daß sich eine durch eine Ventilstruktur definierte Förderrichtung umkehrt.The present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a micropump by means of a driver signal such that a conveying direction defined by a valve structure is reversed.
Mikro-Membranpumpen sind beispielsweise aus der WO-93/05295 bekannt. Eine der dort beschriebenen Pumpen ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt.Micro diaphragm pumps are known for example from WO-93/05295. One of the pumps described there is shown in Fig. 1.
Diese Mikro-Membranpumpe 100 umfaßt eine aus zwei Teilen bestehende Verdrängereinheit 102 und eine ebenfalls aus zwei Teilen bestehende Ventileinheit 104. Bei dieser Mikro-Membranpumpe umfassen die zwei Teile der Verdrängereinheit 102 eine flexible Pumpmembran 106 und eine starre Gegenelektrode 108. Zwischen der Pumpmembran 106 und der Gegenelektrode 108 ist eine sogenannte Antriebskammer 110 gebildet. Beim Anlegen einer Betriebsspannung wird die Pumpmembran 106 von der Gegenelektrode 108 angezogen. Das Volumen der Pumpkammer 112 vergrößert sich und ein zu pumpendes Fluid wird über einen Einlaß angesaugt. Beim Abschalten der Betriebsspannung relaxiert die Pumpmembran 106 in ihren Ausgangsbereich und verdrängt das zu pumpende Fluid in den Auslaß 116. Durch zwei passive Rückschlagventile 118, 120, die für die Fluidströmung eine Vorzugsrichtung definieren, ergibt sich bei einer periodischen Ansteuerung der Verdrängereinheit 102 eine gerichtete Pumpwirkung vom Einlaß 114 zum Auslaß 116 der Pumpe. Bei Betriebsfrequenzen, die weit unterhalb der Eigenfrequenz der beweglichen Ventilteile liegen, ist das Verhalten der Ventile 118, 120 quasi statisch, d.h. die Stellung des beweglichen Ventilteils ergibt sich zu jedem Zeitpunkt aus der über das Ventil anliegenden hydrostatischen Druckdifferenz.This
Bekannte Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer solchen Mikro-Membranpumpe ermöglichen das Pumpen eines Fluids in die durch die Ventile 118, 120 definierte Vorzugsrichtung.Known methods for controlling such a micro diaphragm pump enable a fluid to be pumped in the preferred direction defined by the
Bei technischen Anwendungen der Mikromembranpumpe tritt oft die Situation ein, in der Fluide beispielsweise sowohl zu einem Sensorelement hintransportiert als auch wieder abtransportiert werden müssen. Dies tritt beispielsweise bei der chemischen Analytik auf, bei der Flüssigkeiten sowohl zu einem Sensorelement hintransportiert als auch wieder abtransportiert werden müssen. Sowohl für den Hintransport als auch für den Abtransport muß bislang jeweils eine Mikro-Membranpumpe eingesetzt werden, wobei diese Mikro-Membranpumpen entgegengesetzt angeordnet sind. Die Notwendigkeit der zwei Mikro-Membranpumpen erhöht die Komplexität solcher analytischer Systeme und deren Herstellungskosten und erschwert beim Betrieb dieser Systeme deren Befüllung mit einem Fluid erheblich.In technical applications of the micromembrane pump, the situation often arises in which fluids, for example, both have to be transported to a sensor element and have to be removed again. This occurs, for example, in chemical analysis, in which liquids both have to be transported to a sensor element and have to be removed again. So far, a micro-diaphragm pump has to be used both for the forward transport and for the removal, these micro-diaphragm pumps being arranged in opposite directions. The need for the two micro diaphragm pumps increases the complexity of such analytical systems and their manufacturing costs and makes it difficult to fill them with a fluid when operating these systems.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Mikropumpe zu schaffen, die eine Umkehr der durch eine Ventilstruktur definierten Förderrichtung ermöglichen.Proceeding from this prior art, the present invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device for controlling a micropump which make it possible to reverse the conveying direction defined by a valve structure.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 und nach Anspruch 7 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method and a device for controlling a micropump according to claim 1 and according to claim 7.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Mikropumpe mittels eines Treibersignals, wobei die Mikropumpe eine durch eine Ventilstruktur definierte Förderrichtung hat, mit dem Verfahrensschritt des Anlegens des Treibersignals mit einer Erregerfrequenz an die Mikropumpe, wobei die Erregerfrequenz im Bereich oberhalb einer Resonanz eines aus den beweglichen Teilen der Mikropumpe und dem zu pumpenden Fluid gebildeten Systems liegt, wodurch sich die durch eine Ventilstruktur definierte Förderrichtung umkehrt.The present invention provides a method for controlling a micropump by means of a driver signal, the micropump having a conveying direction defined by a valve structure, with the method step of applying the driver signal to the exciter frequency Micropump, the excitation frequency being in the range above a resonance of a system formed from the moving parts of the micropump and the fluid to be pumped, whereby the delivery direction defined by a valve structure is reversed.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft eine Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern einer Mikropumpe mittels eines Treibersignals, wobei die Mikropumpe eine durch eine Ventilstruktur definierte Förderrichtung hat, mit einer Einrichtung zum Erzeugen des Treibersignals mit einer Erregerfrequenz, die im Bereich oberhalb einer Resonanz eines aus den beweglichen Teilen der Mikropumpe und dem zu pumpenden Fluid gebildeten Systems liegt, wodurch sich die durch eine Ventilstruktur definierte Förderrichtung umkehrt. Gemäß abhängigen Ansprüche 2 und 8 kann die Mikropumpe als Mikro-Membranpumpe ausgebildet sein.The present invention provides a device for controlling a micropump by means of a driver signal, the micropump having a conveying direction defined by a valve structure, with a device for generating the driver signal with an excitation frequency which is in the range above a resonance of one of the moving parts of the micropump and the system to be pumped fluid lies, whereby the delivery direction defined by a valve structure is reversed. According to dependent claims 2 and 8, the micropump can be designed as a micro-diaphragm pump.
Ein Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, daß für praktische Anwendungen, bei denen sowohl ein Hintransport als auch ein Abtransport von Fluiden zu einem Element erforderlich ist, lediglich eine Mikro-Membranpumpe eingesetzt werden muß, wodurch sich der erforderliche Platzaufwand erniedrigt.An advantage of the present invention is that for practical applications in which both a transport and a transport of fluids to an element is required, only a micro-diaphragm pump has to be used, whereby the required space is reduced.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß die Befüllung solcher Systeme mit einem Fluid erleichtert wird.Another advantage is that the filling of such systems with a fluid is made easier.
Wiederum ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß die Herstellungskosten solcher Systeme erheblich gesenkt werden können.Yet another advantage is that the manufacturing cost of such systems can be significantly reduced.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen definiert.Preferred developments of the present invention are defined in the subclaims.
Anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen wird nachfolgend ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer Mikro-Membranpumpe;
- Fig. 2
- eine maximale Auslenkung und eine Phasenverschiebung eines beweglichen Ventilteils bei verschiedenen Dämpfungen bzw. Gütefaktoren;
- Fig. 3
- einen zeitabhängigen Durchfluß durch ein Ventil abhängig von einer Betriebsfrequenz, einer Amplitude der Druckoszillationen und unterschiedlichen Phasenverschiebungen;
- Fig. 4
- eine graphische Darstellung der Pumprate einer Mikro-Membranpumpe, die gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung angesteuert ist; und
- Fig. 5
- ein Blockdiagramm, das die Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Mikro-Membranpumpe darstellt.
- Fig. 1
- a cross-sectional view of a micro diaphragm pump;
- Fig. 2
- a maximum deflection and a phase shift of a movable valve part with different damping or quality factors;
- Fig. 3
- a time-dependent flow through a valve depending on an operating frequency, an amplitude of the pressure oscillations and different phase shifts;
- Fig. 4
- a graphical representation of the pumping rate of a micro diaphragm pump, which is driven according to the present invention; and
- Fig. 5
- a block diagram illustrating the arrangement of the device according to the invention for controlling a micro-diaphragm pump.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglichen es, die Pumprichtung bei Mikro-Membranpumpen (siehe Fig. 1) mit sogenannten passiven Rückschlagventilen 118, 120 umzukehren. Hierzu wird die Verdrängereinheit 102 mit einem Treibersignal beaufschlagt, das eine Betriebsfrequenz im Bereich einer Resonanz, die im wesentlichen durch die beweglichen Ventilteile definiert ist, aufweist, die oberhalb dieser Resonanz liegt.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention make it possible to reverse the pumping direction in micro-diaphragm pumps (see FIG. 1) with so-called
Es ist offensichtlich, daß es sich bei dieser Resonanz um eine Resonanz eines Systems handelt, das aus den beweglichen Teilen der Mikro-Membranpumpe (106, 118, 120) und aus dem zu pumpenden Fluid gebildet ist.It is obvious that this resonance is a resonance of a system which is formed from the moving parts of the micro diaphragm pump (106, 118, 120) and from the fluid to be pumped.
Durch die Ansteuerung entstehen in der Pumpkammer 112 Druckoszillationen, die von der äußeren Erregerfrequenz abhängen. Durch das Fluidsystem werden diese Druckschwingungen auf die beweglichen Ventilteile übertragen, wodurch sich das betreffende Ventil öffnet bzw. schließt.As a result of the control, pressure oscillations occur in the
Im Bereich der Resonanz ergibt sich jedoch eine Phasendifferenz zwischen der durch das Fluid übertragenen Kraft auf die beweglichen Ventilteile und der aktuellen Auslenkung des beweglichen Ventilteils.In the area of the resonance, however, there is a phase difference between the force transmitted by the fluid on the movable valve parts and the current deflection of the movable valve part.
Dieses Verhalten entspricht dem eines schwingungsfähigen, mechanischen Systems, welches durch eine externe Kraft zu einer erzwungenen Schwingung angeregt wird. Wie es in Fig. 2a dargestellt ist, weist die Amplitude der Schwingung das bekannte Resonanzverhalten auf. Ferner ergibt sich eine Phasenverschiebung zwischen der erregenden Kraft und der Auslenkung des Schwingers, wie es in Fig. 2b dargestellt ist.This behavior corresponds to that of an oscillatory, mechanical system, which is stimulated to a forced oscillation by an external force. As shown in Fig. 2a, the amplitude of the vibration has the known resonance behavior. There is also a phase shift between the exciting force and the deflection of the vibrator, as shown in FIG. 2b.
Die in Fig. 2 dargestellten Kurven 200 und 202 stellen den Verlauf der Auslenkung und der Phasenverschiebung bei verschiedenen Dämpfungen bzw. Gütefaktoren dar. Hierbei ist dem Verlauf der Kurve 200 ein Gütefaktor von 3 zugeordnet und dem Verlauf der Kurve 202 ist ein Gütefaktor von 1 zugeordnet.The
Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Auslenkung und Phasenverschiebung eines beweglichen Ventilteils gilt für eine Resonanz dieses Teils von 3000 Hz.The deflection and phase shift of a movable valve part shown in FIG. 2 applies to a resonance of this part of 3000 Hz.
In Fig. 3 geben die Verläufe in der ersten Zeile den sogenannten erregenden Druck an, die Signalverläufe in der mittleren Zeile geben den Öffnungszustand des beweglichen Ventils an und die Signalverläufe in der unteren Reihe zeigen den zeitabhängigen Durchfluß, wobei die jeweiligen y-Skalen in beliebigen Einheiten dargestellt sind.In Fig. 3, the curves in the first line indicate the so-called exciting pressure, the signal curves in the middle line indicate the opening state of the movable valve and the signal curves in the lower row show the time-dependent flow, the respective y-scales in any Units are shown.
Die Umkehrung der Pumprichtung wird durch das Zusammenwirken zweier Effekte ermöglicht.The reversal of the pump direction is made possible by the interaction of two effects.
Einerseits hinkt der Öffnungszustand des Ventils der durch die Flüssigkeit übertragene Kraft um die Phase Θ hinterher, wie es in Fig. 3 deutlich zu erkennen ist.On the one hand, the opening state of the valve lags behind the force transmitted by the liquid by phase Θ, as can be clearly seen in Fig. 3.
Hieraus resultiert eine Verzögerung des Öffnungs- und Schließvorgangs des Ventils gegenüber der Fluidbewegung.This results in a delay in the opening and closing process of the valve with respect to the fluid movement.
Der zweite Effekt besteht darin, daß eine Öffnung des Ventils lediglich in positiver Richtung möglich ist (siehe zweite Zeile der Fig. 3), d.h. während einer halben Periodendauer ist das Ventil vollständig geschlossen.The second effect is that the valve can only be opened in the positive direction (see second line of Fig. 3), i.e. the valve is completely closed for half a period.
Wie aus Fig. 3 zu sehen ist, fließt mit zunehmender Phasendifferenz ein immer größerer Anteil des Fluids innerhalb eines Pumpzykluses in die Sperrichtung durch das Ventil. Dies bedeutet eine Umkehr der Förderrichtung (Φ<0). Bei einer Phase von -180 Grad wird eine vollständige Umkehr der Förderrichtung erreicht, wie es in der fünften Spalte in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist.As can be seen from FIG. 3, as the phase difference increases, an ever larger proportion of the fluid flows through the valve in the blocking direction within one pump cycle. This means a reversal of the conveying direction (Φ <0). With a phase of -180 degrees, a complete reversal of the conveying direction is achieved, as shown in the fifth column in FIG. 3.
In Fig. 4 ist die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Pumprate bei einer elektrostatisch angetriebenen Mikro-Membranpumpe unter Verwendung von sogenannten Klappenventilen in einem halblogarithmischen Maßstab dargestellt.4 shows the frequency dependence of the pumping rate in an electrostatically driven micro diaphragm pump using so-called flap valves on a semi-logarithmic scale.
Im Frequenzbereich von 1 Hz bis 1 kHz befindet sich die Mikro-Membranpumpe in ihrem sogenannten Standard-Betriebsbereich, der durch den Pfeil 400 dargestellt ist. In diesem Standard-Betriebsbereich 400 weist die Mikro-Membranpumpe eine positive Pumprate (Φ>0) auf, was einer vorwärtsgerichteten Pumpwirkung entspricht.In the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 kHz, the micro diaphragm pump is in its so-called standard operating range, which is shown by
Im Frequenzbereich von 2 kHz bis 6 kHz, der durch den Pfeil 410 dargestellt ist, weist die Mikro-Membranpumpe eine negative Pumprate (Φ<0) auf, was einer rückwärts gerichteten Pumpwirkung entspricht.In the frequency range from 2 kHz to 6 kHz, which is represented by the
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß nicht nur die Phase, sondern auch die maximale Öffnung des beweglichen Ventilteils sowie die Amplitude der erregenden Druckoszillationen von der anliegenden Erregerfrequenz abhängen. Neben dem Effekt der Phasenverschiebung zwischen dem Öffnungszustand des beweglichen Ventils und der erregenden Druckoszillation besteht auch eine Auswirkung der Frequenzabhängigkeit der maximalen Amplitude des beweglichen Ventils und die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Amplitude der erregenden Druckoszillationen.It should be noted that not only the phase, but also the maximum opening of the movable valve part and the amplitude of the exciting pressure oscillations from the adjacent one Depend on excitation frequency. In addition to the effect of the phase shift between the opening state of the movable valve and the exciting pressure oscillation, there is also an effect of the frequency dependence of the maximum amplitude of the movable valve and the frequency dependence of the amplitude of the exciting pressure oscillations.
Durch eine geeignete Veränderung der Form der verwendeten Ventile kann die Resonanzfrequenz der in einer Mikro- Membranpumpe verwendeten, beweglichen Ventilteile variiert werden. Hierdurch ist es möglich, den Frequenzbereich 410 zu beeinflussen, in dem die negative Pumprate auftritt.The resonance frequency of the movable valve parts used in a micro diaphragm pump can be varied by a suitable change in the shape of the valves used. This makes it possible to influence the
Neben der oben beschriebenen sogenannten ersten Resonanz der beweglichen Ventilteile treten auch Resonanzen höherer Ordnung auf. Mit jeder neuen Resonanz läßt sich die Förderrichtung erneut umkehren.In addition to the so-called first resonance of the movable valve parts described above, higher-order resonances also occur. With each new resonance, the direction of funding can be reversed again.
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß sich der Frequenzbereich 410, bei dem eine negative Pumprate auftritt, derjenige Frequenzbereich ist, bei dem eine Phasendifferenz von etwa 90 Grad bis etwa 180 Grad zwischen dem Treibersignal und der Auslenkung der Ventile auftritt. Der Frequenzbereich, bei dem eine positive Pumprate auftritt, ist derjenige Frequenzbereich, bei dem eine Phasendifferenz von etwa 0 Grad bis 90 Grad zwischen dem Treibersignal und der Auslenkung der Ventilstruktur auftritt.It is noted that the
In Fig. 5 ist ein Blockdiagramm der Anordnung einer Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Treibersignals und einer Mikro-Membranpumpe dargestellt. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Ansteuern einer Mikro-Membranpumpe 510 mittels eines Treibersignals umfaßt eine Einrichtung 500 zum Erzeugen des Treibersignals mit einer Erregerfrequenz, die im Bereich oberhalb einer Resonanz der aus den beweglichen Teilen der Mikro-Membranpumpe 510 und dem zu pumpenden Fluid gebildeten Systems liegt. Das Treibersignal wird über eine oder mehrere Signalleitungen 520 an die Mikro-Membranpumpe 510 angelegt.FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the arrangement of a device for generating a driver signal and a micro diaphragm pump. The device according to the invention for controlling a
Ferner erzeugt die Treibersignalerzeugungseinrichtung ein zweites Treibersignal mit einer zweiten Erregerfrequenz, die in einem Bereich liegt, bei dem eine Phasendifferenz von etwa 0 Grad bis 90 Grad zwischen dem Treibersignal und der Auslenkung der Ventilstruktur auftritt, um das zu pumpende Fluid in die durch die Ventilstruktur definierte Förderrichtung zu pumpen.Furthermore, the driver signal generating device generates a second driver signal with a second excitation frequency, which is in a range in which a phase difference of approximately 0 degrees to 90 degrees occurs between the driver signal and the deflection of the valve structure, in order to fluid to be pumped into that defined by the valve structure Pump direction of pumping.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung sind nicht auf Mikro-Membranpumpen beschränkt, die Rückschlagventile verwenden. Die Anwendung der Erfindung auf Mikro-Membranpumpen, die anders ausgebildete passive Ventile verwenden, ist ohne weiteres möglich.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are not limited to micro-diaphragm pumps that use check valves. The application of the invention to micro diaphragm pumps which use passive valves of a different design is readily possible.
Weiterhin beschränkt sich die Anwendung der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht auf eine Mikro-Membranpumpe, die zwei Ventile verwendet. Die Verwendung von Mikro-Membranpumpen, die ein Ventil oder mehr als zwei Ventile verwenden, ist ohne weiteres möglich.Furthermore, the application of the present invention is not limited to a micro diaphragm pump that uses two valves. The use of micro diaphragm pumps that use one valve or more than two valves is easily possible.
Neben der oben beschriebenen elektrostatischen Erregung der Pumpmembran der Mikro-Membranpumpe sind auch piezoelektrische und pneumatische bzw. thermopneumatische Antriebsmechanismen für die Mikro-Membranpumpe möglich.In addition to the electrostatic excitation of the pump diaphragm of the micro diaphragm pump described above, piezoelectric and pneumatic or thermopneumatic drive mechanisms for the micro diaphragm pump are also possible.
In Betracht kommt auch ein thermischer Zweiphasenantrieb, bei dem eine Flüssigkeit in einer Antriebskammer erhitzt wird, wodurch sich eine Dampfblase bildet, durch die eine Pumpmembran durch Verdrängung betätigt wird. Der thermische Zweiphasenantrieb ermöglicht gegenüber einem rein thermopneumatischen Antrieb die Erzeugung höherer Drücke.A two-phase thermal drive is also contemplated, in which a liquid is heated in a drive chamber, whereby a vapor bubble is formed, through which a pump membrane is actuated by displacement. The thermal two-phase drive enables higher pressures to be generated than a purely thermopneumatic drive.
In Abweichung von den gezeigten Ausführungsformen der Antriebe kommt neben einem Membranverdränger auch ein Kolbenverdränger in Betracht.In deviation from the embodiments of the drives shown, a piston displacer can also be considered in addition to a membrane displacer.
Claims (9)
- Method for driving a micropump (100) by means of a driving signal, the micropump (100) having a delivery direction defined by a valve structure (118, 120),
characterized by the following method step:
application of the driving signal with an excitation frequency to the micropump (100), the excitation frequency lying in the range above a resonance of a system formed by the movable parts (106, 118, 120) of the micropump (100) and the fluid to be pumped, so that the delivery direction defined by the valve structure (118, 120) reverses. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in
that the micropump is implemented as a diaphragm micropump (100). - Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in
that the range in which the excitation frequency lies is that frequency range for which there is a phase difference of from about 90 degrees to about 180 degrees between the driving signal and the displacement of the valve structure (118, 120). - Method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in
that the resonance is chiefly determined by the valve structure (118, 120). - Method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in
that the resonance is a resonance of the first order or a resonance of a higher order. - Method according to one of the claims 1 to 5, further characterized by the following method step:
application of a second driving signal with a second excitation frequency to the micropump (100), the second excitation frequency lying in a range for which there is a phase difference of from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees between the driving signal and the displacement of the valve structure (118, 120), so that the fluid to be pumped is pumped in the delivery direction defined by the valve structure (118, 120). - Device for driving a micropump (510) by means of a driving signal, the micropump (100) having a delivery direction defined by a valve structure (118, 120),
characterized by
a unit (500) for generating the driving signal with an excitation frequency which lies in the range above a resonance of a system formed by the movable parts of the micropump and the fluid to be pumped, so that the delivery direction defined by the valve structure (118, 120) reverses. - Device according to claim 7, characterized in
that the micropump is implemented as a diaphragm micropump (100). - Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in
that the driving signal generating unit (500) also generates a second driving signal with a second excitation frequency, which lies in a range for which there is a phase difference of from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees between the driving signal and the displacement of the valve structure, so that the fluid to be pumped is pumped in the delivery direction defined by the valve structure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4433894 | 1994-09-22 | ||
| DE4433894A DE4433894A1 (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Method and device for controlling a micropump |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0703364A1 EP0703364A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| EP0703364B1 true EP0703364B1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
Family
ID=6528930
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95112161A Expired - Lifetime EP0703364B1 (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1995-08-02 | Method and device for driving a micropump |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0703364B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4433894A1 (en) |
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-
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- 1995-08-02 EP EP95112161A patent/EP0703364B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4433894A1 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
| DE59500196D1 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
| EP0703364A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
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