EP0701026A1 - Compacting method and apparatus - Google Patents

Compacting method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0701026A1
EP0701026A1 EP95401988A EP95401988A EP0701026A1 EP 0701026 A1 EP0701026 A1 EP 0701026A1 EP 95401988 A EP95401988 A EP 95401988A EP 95401988 A EP95401988 A EP 95401988A EP 0701026 A1 EP0701026 A1 EP 0701026A1
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Prior art keywords
helical
propeller
compacting
axis
opposite direction
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EP95401988A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0701026B1 (en
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Jacques Augarde
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • E02D3/123—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and compacting the soil

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  • the invention relates to the compaction of various materials, coherent or pulverulent, in particular those used for backfilling trenches and more generally cavities containing or not buried networks (air, gas, electricity, telephone, water, sanitation). Partners involved in this area currently and unanimously recognize that the new or recent networks are too weak over time, this defect being essentially due to insufficient rates of compaction.
  • the new European regulations provide for strict controls (compaction and (or) sealing) for the reception of networks: it is therefore imperative that companies can build good quality networks.
  • compacting machines are used which work on the surface of embankments, such as rammers, vibrating plates and rollers.
  • the object of the invention is to guarantee optimal compaction and of the same intensity on the entire depth of the embankment, both for powdery (granular) and cohesive soils, or of intermediate type, by simple mechanical action and without the addition of consolidation products, while allowing rapid backfilling in a single layer, the trench being entirely filled with non-densified material over its entire width and thickness before starting the compaction phase.
  • the helical element is a flat helix with a single turn developed over substantially 360 °, flattened, and the lower face of which is smooth, the upper face being equipped with a device ( described later in detail) allowing the collapse of the vaults which can form during the compaction of coherent soils, clay in particular.
  • This propeller is fixed at the base of an axis that can rotate in both directions and it is subjected to the combined action of three mechanical actions: vibrations with vertical component, threshing by a sheep, and weight of the whole mobile equipment.
  • the finger (10) causes the collapse of the vault (11) not yet compacted (loose hatching).
  • the debris thus formed (12) falls on the upper face of the propeller, passes through the slot of the propeller and is entrained (13) by the effect of rotation under the propeller where they are compacted (14) by the effect of threshing and vibrating (dense hatching).
  • Scraping is particularly useful when the materials to be compacted are consistent, for example clay soils.
  • scraping devices can be envisaged. They can be automatically engaged when the propeller rotates in the opposite direction as the scraper finger described above or can be controlled remotely, for example by hydraulic transmission. In this case the operator chooses to activate or not the scraping according to the type of soil to be compacted.
  • FIG. 3 describes a device for compacting trenches of different widths.
  • the compacting device used here comprises a plurality of elementary compacting devices (compacting modules) identical to that illustrated in FIG. 1 and mounted on a common chassis.
  • modules compacting devices
  • other parts of the modules can be common to all the modules or to some only: drive motor, vibrating device, anvil, sheep for example. If necessary, the positions of the different modules can be adjusted in height and / or in width.
  • This device is shown schematically by its chassis (1) and two propellers (2) and (3) of opposite pitch relative to each other, rotating in opposite directions so as to neutralize the reaction effect on the ground at compact.
  • the chassis (1) and the two propellers (2 + 3) are oriented in the direction of the trench, in this case, which corresponds to a small width: two successive stations, each comprising a descent phase and an ascent phase, are then spaced about 1 meter apart, if the diameter of each propeller is 35 cm and if their axes are spaced 50 cm apart, so as to ensure sufficient compaction, taking into account the edge effect caused by each propeller a distance at least equal to a radius, beyond its periphery.
  • the compacting device is oriented at 45 ° (position (4)) relative to the axis of the trench. The distance between the two stations is then 75 cm.
  • the device is oriented perpendicularly (position (5)) to the axis of the trench. The distance between two stations is then 50 cm.
  • the angle between the axis of the chassis and the axis of the trench is then an increasing function of the width of the latter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The compactor consists of a spiral plate (4) driven by a motor (7) in either of two directions, and a pile driver (12) to compact the material beneath the spiral plate. The compactor also has a vibrator which acts simultaneously with the pile driver, and a transmission member (6) to transmit the vibrations to the spiral plate. The latter has a ratio of under 20 per cent between its pitch and diameter and forms roughly one complete spiral with a scraper plate on its upper surface. The transmission member is in the form of a tube resting on the upper surface of the spiral, and the drive motor, tube, shaft (5) and spiral plate can be raised or lowered in a frame (1) by guides (3).

Description

L'invention concerne le compactage de divers matériaux, cohérents ou pulvérulents, en particulier ceux utilisés pour le remblayage des tranchées et plus généralement des cavités contenant ou non des réseaux enterrés (air, gaz,électricité, téléphone, eau, assainissement).Tous les partenaires impliqués dans ce domaine reconnaissent actuellement et unanimement une trop faible tenue dans le temps des réseaux neufs ou récents, ce défaut étant essentiellement dû à des taux insuffisants de compactage.
Les nouvelles réglementations Européennes prévoient des contrôles sévères (compactage et (ou) étanchéité) pour la réception des réseaux : il est donc impératif que les entreprises puissent réaliser des réseaux de bonne qualité.
Dans l'état actuel de la technique on utilise des engins de compactage travaillant à la surface des remblais, tels que pilonneuses, plaques vibrantes et rouleaux . Les contrôles officiels ont démontré que l'efficacité de ces appareils diminuait très rapidement avec l'épaisseur des couches: pour obtenir des densifications satisfaisantes, il faudrait réaliser des épaisseurs d'environ 20 cm, ce qui, dans les conditions du marché, est d'un coût rédhibitoire et oblige le personnel à travailler au fond des tranchées. Dans la pratique courante ces sujétions ne sont pas respectées, les taux de compactage sont trop faibles, les chantiers refusés doivent être refaits : extraction du remblai, relevage du réseau, d'où des surcoûts importants à la charge des Entreprises.The invention relates to the compaction of various materials, coherent or pulverulent, in particular those used for backfilling trenches and more generally cavities containing or not buried networks (air, gas, electricity, telephone, water, sanitation). Partners involved in this area currently and unanimously recognize that the new or recent networks are too weak over time, this defect being essentially due to insufficient rates of compaction.
The new European regulations provide for strict controls (compaction and (or) sealing) for the reception of networks: it is therefore imperative that companies can build good quality networks.
In the current state of the art, compacting machines are used which work on the surface of embankments, such as rammers, vibrating plates and rollers. Official controls have shown that the effectiveness of these devices decreases very rapidly with the thickness of the layers: to obtain satisfactory densifications, thicknesses of around 20 cm should be achieved, which, under market conditions, is d '' a prohibitive cost and forces the staff to work at the bottom of the trenches. In current practice, these constraints are not respected, the compaction rates are too low, the refused sites must be redone: extraction of backfill, lifting of the network, hence significant additional costs borne by the Companies.

Etat de la technique:State of the art:

On connait actuellement d'autres procédés de compactage qui sont mis en oeuvre non pas en surface du remblai mais à l'intérieur . La plupart de ces dispositifs utilisent des tarières, notamment celui décrit dans le document US-A-3282 055 : il s'agit d'une tarière susceptible de provoquer le compactage de sols granulaires (pulvérulents) grâce à des vibrations propagées dans le martériau à compacter. Toutefois cet appareil présente plusieurs inconvénients: celui d'être inadapté aux sols cohérents, de laisser un trou lors de son retrait, de perforer le sol par la pointe située à sa base, de présenter une grande inertie aux vibrations par la masse importante de matériau emprisonné entre toutes les spires.
D'autres dispositifs, comme ceux décrits dans les documents EP-A-161 974, EP-A-96 671, WO/SE 9200526, mettent en oeuvre des appareils à ailettes, non vibrants, mais permettant de diffuser dans le remblai des produits de consolidation des sols, du type liants hydrauliques, homogénéisés dans le terrain par malaxage: l'inconvénient principal est le coût élevé de ces produits .Other compaction methods are currently known which are used not on the surface of the embankment but inside. Most of these devices use augers, in particular that described in document US-A-3282 055: it is an auger capable of causing the compaction of granular (powdery) soils thanks to vibrations propagated in the hammer material. compact. However, this device has several drawbacks: that of being unsuitable for coherent soils, of leaving a hole when it is removed, of perforating the ground by the point situated at its base, of having a great inertia to vibrations by the large mass of material trapped between all the turns.
Other devices, such as those described in documents EP-A-161 974, EP-A-96 671, WO / SE 9200526, use finned devices, not vibrating, but making it possible to diffuse products into the fill. soil consolidation, hydraulic binders, homogenized in the ground by mixing: the main drawback is the high cost of these products.

Exposé du problème technique et de sa solution:Presentation of the technical problem and its solution:

L'invention a pour but de garantir un compactage optimal et de même intensité sur toute la profondeur du remblai, aussi bien pour les sols pulvérulents (granulaires) que cohérents , ou de type intermédiaire, par simple action mécanique et sans ajout de produits de consolidation, tout en permettant un remblayage rapide en une seule couche, la tranchée étant entièrement remplie en matériau non densifié sur toute sa largeur et son épaisseur avant de commencer la phase de compactage.The object of the invention is to guarantee optimal compaction and of the same intensity on the entire depth of the embankment, both for powdery (granular) and cohesive soils, or of intermediate type, by simple mechanical action and without the addition of consolidation products, while allowing rapid backfilling in a single layer, the trench being entirely filled with non-densified material over its entire width and thickness before starting the compaction phase.

Ce problème est résolu par le dispositif suivant la revendication 1 et la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant la revendication 9.This problem is solved by the device according to claim 1 and the implementation of the method according to claim 9.

Conformément à un mode avantageux de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément hélicoïdal est une hélice plate à une seule spire développée sur sensiblement 360°, aplatie, et dont la face inférieure est lisse, la face supérieure étant équipée d'un dispositif (décrit plus loin en détail) permettant l'effondrement des voûtes qui peuvent se former lors du compactage des sols cohérents, argileux notamment . Cette hélice est fixée à la base d'un axe pouvant tourner dans les deux sens et elle est soumise à l'action combinée de trois actions mécaniques: vibrations à composante verticale, battage par un mouton, et poids de l'ensemble de l'équipement mobile.In accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the helical element is a flat helix with a single turn developed over substantially 360 °, flattened, and the lower face of which is smooth, the upper face being equipped with a device ( described later in detail) allowing the collapse of the vaults which can form during the compaction of coherent soils, clay in particular. This propeller is fixed at the base of an axis that can rotate in both directions and it is subjected to the combined action of three mechanical actions: vibrations with vertical component, threshing by a sheep, and weight of the whole mobile equipment.

Le mode d'utilisation comprend deux phases :

  • première phase :
    l'hélice tourne dans le sens direct et s'enfonce dans toute l'épaisseur du remblai sous l'action de son poids auquel s'ajoute celui de tout l'équipement mobile s'appuyant sur la face supérieure de l'hélice. Pendant cette phase, le battage et le vibrage sont débrayés.
  • deuxième phase :
    lorsque l'hélice atteint le fond de la tranchée, le sens de rotation est inversé, le battage et le vibrage sont mis en action pendant toute cette phase de remontée . L'hélice et l'équipement de rotation-battage-vibrage sont maintenus verticalement par un châssis muni de guides car ce dispositif ne peut pas être utilisé manuellement, mais adapté sur un porteur (véhicule tout-terrain, pelle, etc..)
The mode of use includes two phases:
  • first phase :
    the propeller rotates in the direct direction and sinks into the entire thickness of the embankment under the action of its weight to which is added that of all mobile equipment resting on the upper face of the propeller. During this phase, the threshing and the vibration are disengaged.
  • second phase:
    when the propeller reaches the bottom of the trench, the direction of rotation is reversed, the threshing and the vibration are put into action during this entire ascent phase. The propeller and the rotation-threshing-vibrating equipment are held vertically by a frame provided with guides because this device cannot be used manually, but adapted on a carrier (all-terrain vehicle, shovel, etc.).

L'invention apporte plusieurs avantages :

  • possibilité de remplir la tranchée (ou la cavité en général) en une seule fois, d'où un gain de temps appréciable au départ par rapport à l'obligation de procéder par couches minces successives .
  • possibilité de travailler à la surface de l'ouvrage sans avoir à descendre dans le fond, ce qui est incommode, dangereux et difficilement accepté par le personnel.
  • garantie d'obtenir un compactage intense et uniforme, puisque l'équipement mobile ne peut remonter que si son poids est compatible avec un taux de compactage suffisant réalisé sous la face inférieure de l'hélice où le matériau doit atteindre une portance maximum (mesurée en indice CBR ou en indice Proctor).
  • possibilité de remettre en conformité des chantiers refusés lors des contrôles de réception pour compactage insuffisant:
    en effet, avec les appareils traditionnels, la réhabilitation de chantiers défectueux ne peut être réalisée qu'en extrayant tout le remblai, voire la canalisation, avec traitement ou purge du matériau inadapté, ou son remplacement par des matériaux plus nobles, parfois appelés "autocompactables", tels que la grave roulée humidifiée, le tout venant calibré, la grave-ciment, etc... Ces travaux représentent une perte de temps et d'argent considérable. Avec un dispositif suivant l'invention il devient possible de réhabiliter le remblai dans toute son épaisseur et sans avoir à décaisser ni relever la canalisation.
  • possibilité d'utiliser au maximum le terrain d'origine extrait de la tranchée, le mode de compactage s'adaptant à tous les types de sols grâce à l'action combinée du battage-vibrage, à condition toutefois que le sol en place ne contienne pas d'éléments de trop forte granulométrie (en pratique la granulométrie ne doit pas dépasser 50 mm, pour ne pas gêner la rotation de l'hélice ).
The invention provides several advantages:
  • possibility of filling the trench (or the cavity in general) in one go, hence an appreciable saving of time at the start compared to the obligation to proceed by successive thin layers.
  • possibility of working on the surface of the structure without having to descend to the bottom, which is inconvenient, dangerous and difficult for staff to accept.
  • guaranteed to obtain an intense and uniform compaction, since the mobile equipment can only go back up if its weight is compatible with a sufficient compaction rate carried out under the underside of the propeller where the material must reach a maximum bearing capacity (measured in CBR index or Proctor index).
  • possibility of bringing sites refused during the inspections into conformity reception for insufficient compaction:
    indeed, with traditional devices, the rehabilitation of defective sites can only be achieved by extracting all the fill, or even the pipeline, with treatment or purging of unsuitable material, or its replacement with more noble materials, sometimes called "self-compacting"", such as the wet humid roll, all calibrated, the cement cement, etc ... These works represent a considerable loss of time and money. With a device according to the invention it becomes possible to rehabilitate the embankment throughout its thickness and without having to disburse or raise the pipeline.
  • possibility of making maximum use of the original soil extracted from the trench, the compacting mode adapting to all types of soil thanks to the combined action of threshing-vibration, provided, however, that the soil in place does not contain no elements of too large particle size (in practice the particle size should not exceed 50 mm, so as not to impede the rotation of the propeller).

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description de trois figures montrant un exemple de dispositif suivant l'invention et son application au compactage de tranchées de différentes largeurs.

  • La figure 1 représente la coupe verticale d'une unité élémentaire de compactage ou " module de compactage" selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention;
  • La figure 2 représente en détail une hélice vue par sa face supérieure et de profil, utilisable dans un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention;
  • La figure 3 décrit une utilisation du dispositif de compactage selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention pour le compactage de tranchées de différentes largeurs.
The invention will be better understood using the description of three figures showing an example of a device according to the invention and its application to the compaction of trenches of different widths.
  • FIG. 1 represents the vertical section of an elementary compacting unit or "compacting module" according to a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail a propeller seen from its upper face and in profile, usable in a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3 describes a use of the compacting device according to a particular embodiment of the invention for compacting trenches of different widths.

Le dispositif illustré en Fig. 1 comprend:

  • un châssis vertical pour le guidage (1)
  • un support horizontal sur lequel est fixé tout l'équipement mobile (2)
  • deux guides latéraux et un guide central (3)
  • une hélice plate monospire à un tour complet, avec un rapport pas/diamètre inférieur ou égal à 20% (4)
  • un axe vertical (5) solidaire de l'hélice et tournant dans un tube (6)
  • un moteur hydraulique (7) reposant sur un dispositif amortisseur de vibrations (8) fixé sur le support (9) solidaire du tube (6) . Ce moteur est équipé d'un axe cannelé (10) venant s'engager dans l'extrêmité supérieure de l'axe (5) solidaire de l'hélice (4). L'axe (5) peut tourner librement dans le tube (6) qui s'appuie sur la face supérieure de l'hélice (4) et transmet à cette dernière les vibrations générées par l'élément de vibrage (7) et les chocs de l'élément de battage(12);
  • un vibrateur hydraulique (11), situé au dessus du moteur (7) mais dont les vibrations sont transmises au support (9) et au tube (6);
  • un mouton (12) assurant le battage en frappant sur l'enclume (13) dont le choc est transmis au support (9) et au tube (6). La fréquence de battage, ainsi que celle de la vibration, est réglable. Le mouton est périodiquement soulevé par un treuil hydraulique (15), la chute du mouton est guidée autour du câble (16) qui permet de soulever l'ensemble de l'équipement mobile grâce à un treuil (17). Le mouton (12) est relié au treuil (15) par un câble (14);
  • un dispositif (18) situé au dessus du châssis et permettant sa fixation et sa rotation autour de l'engin porteur .
The device illustrated in FIG. 1 includes:
  • a vertical frame for guiding (1)
  • a horizontal support on which all mobile equipment is attached (2)
  • two lateral guides and a central guide (3)
  • a single-turn single-turn flat propeller, with a pitch / diameter ratio of 20% or less (4)
  • a vertical axis (5) integral with the propeller and rotating in a tube (6)
  • a hydraulic motor (7) resting on a vibration damping device (8) fixed on the support (9) integral with the tube (6). This motor is equipped with a splined axis (10) which engages in the upper end of the axis (5) integral with the propeller (4). The axis (5) can rotate freely in the tube (6) which rests on the upper face of the propeller (4) and transmits to the latter the vibrations generated by the vibrating element (7) and the shocks of the threshing element (12);
  • a hydraulic vibrator (11), located above the motor (7) but whose vibrations are transmitted to the support (9) and to the tube (6);
  • a sheep (12) ensuring threshing by striking on the anvil (13) whose shock is transmitted to the support (9) and to the tube (6). The threshing frequency, as well as that of the vibration, is adjustable. The sheep is periodically lifted by a hydraulic winch (15), the fall of the sheep is guided around the cable (16) which makes it possible to lift all of the mobile equipment using a winch (17). The sheep (12) is connected to the winch (15) by a cable (14);
  • a device (18) located above the chassis and allowing it to be fixed and rotated around the carrier.

La Figure 2 montre un détail important du dispositif permettant de casser les voûtes qui se forment au dessus de l'hélice dans les sols cohérents, notamment dans ceux très chargés en argile :

  • hélice vue par en dessus pendant la phase de rotation directe (1), équipée d'un "doigt râcleur" (2) incurvé vers le haut en son extrémité (6) et maintenu plaqué sur l'hélice par rotation autour de son axe (3);
  • hélice vue de profil (5), la flèche (6) indique l'endroit où s'engagent les matériaux, sous la pointe du doigt racleur, dès que le sens de rotation de l'hélice est inversé:
  • hélice vue par en dessus (7) après un tour de rotation en sens indirect : le doigt (8) a pivoté autour de son axe et vient déborder le périmètre de l'hélice.
  • hélice pendant la phase de remontée (9) vue de profil.
Figure 2 shows an important detail of the device making it possible to break the vaults which form above the propeller in coherent soils, in particular in those heavily loaded with clay:
  • propeller seen from above during the direct rotation phase (1), fitted with a "scraper finger" (2) curved upwards at its end (6) and kept pressed against the propeller by rotation around its axis ( 3);
  • propeller seen in profile (5), the arrow (6) indicates the place where the materials engage, under the tip of the scraper finger, as soon as the direction of rotation of the propeller is reversed:
  • propeller seen from above (7) after a turn in an indirect direction: the finger (8) has pivoted about its axis and comes to extend beyond the perimeter of the propeller.
  • propeller during the ascent phase (9) side view.

L'orientation de l'axe du doigt râcleur et sa longueur sont calculés de façon à ce que l'extrêmité (4) de ce dernier se situe au dessus et à l'extérieur du cylindre décrit par l'hélice, de façon à casser la voute (11).The orientation of the axis of the scraper finger and its length are calculated so that the end (4) of the latter is located above and outside the cylinder described by the propeller, so as to break the arch (11).

Le doigt (10) provoque l'effondrement de la voûte (11) non encore compactée (hachures lâches). Les débris ainsi formés (12) tombent sur la face supérieure de l'hélice, passent à travers la fente de l'hélice et sont entrainés (13) par effet de rotation sous l'hélice où ils sont compactés (14) par effet de battage et vibrage (hachures denses).The finger (10) causes the collapse of the vault (11) not yet compacted (loose hatching). The debris thus formed (12) falls on the upper face of the propeller, passes through the slot of the propeller and is entrained (13) by the effect of rotation under the propeller where they are compacted (14) by the effect of threshing and vibrating (dense hatching).

Le raclage est particulièrement utile lorsque les matériaux à compacter sont cohérents, par exemples des sols argileux.Scraping is particularly useful when the materials to be compacted are consistent, for example clay soils.

Bien entendu d'autres types de dispositifs de raclage peuvent être envisagés. Ils peuvent être automatiquement embrayés lors de la mise en rotation en sens inverse de l'hélice comme le doigt racleur décrit ci-dessus ou être commandés à distance par exemple par transmission hydraulique. Dans ce cas l'opérateur choisit d'activer ou non le raclage en fonction du type de sol à compacter.Of course other types of scraping devices can be envisaged. They can be automatically engaged when the propeller rotates in the opposite direction as the scraper finger described above or can be controlled remotely, for example by hydraulic transmission. In this case the operator chooses to activate or not the scraping according to the type of soil to be compacted.

La figure 3 décrit un dispositif de compactage des tranchées de différentes largeurs.FIG. 3 describes a device for compacting trenches of different widths.

Le dipositif de compactage utilisé ici comporte une pluralité de dispostifs de compactage élémentaires (modules de compactage) identiques à celui illustré en Fig. 1 et montés sur un chassis commun. Bien entendu, d'autres parties des modules peuvent être communes à tous les modules ou à certains seulement: moteur d'entraînement, dispositif de vibrage, enclume, mouton par exemple. Le cas échéant, les positions des différents modules peuvent être réglées en hauteur et/ou en largeur.The compacting device used here comprises a plurality of elementary compacting devices (compacting modules) identical to that illustrated in FIG. 1 and mounted on a common chassis. Of course, other parts of the modules can be common to all the modules or to some only: drive motor, vibrating device, anvil, sheep for example. If necessary, the positions of the different modules can be adjusted in height and / or in width.

Si l'on prend à titre d'exemple les types de tranchées suivantes:

  • tranchées étroites, de 30 à 40 cm
  • tranchées de largeur moyenne, de 60 à 70 cm
  • tranchées larges, de 100 à 120 cm .
If we take as an example the following types of trenches:
  • narrow trenches, 30 to 40 cm
  • medium width trenches, 60 to 70 cm
  • wide trenches, from 100 to 120 cm.

Ce dispositif est schématisé par son châssis (1) et deux hélices (2) et (3) de pas inverses l'un par rapport à l'autre, tournant en sens opposé de façon à neutraliser l'effet de réaction sur le sol à compacter. Le châssis (1) et les deux hélices (2+3) sont orientés dans le sens de la tranchée, dans ce cas, qui correspond à une largeur faible : deux stations successives, comprenant chacune une phase de descente et une phase de remontée, sont alors espacées d'environ 1 mètre, si le diamètre de chaque hélice est de 35 cm et si leurs axes sont distants de 50 cm, de façon à assurer un compactage suffisant, compte tenu de l'effet de bord provoqué par chaque hélice à une distance au moins égale à un rayon, au delà de sa périphérie.This device is shown schematically by its chassis (1) and two propellers (2) and (3) of opposite pitch relative to each other, rotating in opposite directions so as to neutralize the reaction effect on the ground at compact. The chassis (1) and the two propellers (2 + 3) are oriented in the direction of the trench, in this case, which corresponds to a small width: two successive stations, each comprising a descent phase and an ascent phase, are then spaced about 1 meter apart, if the diameter of each propeller is 35 cm and if their axes are spaced 50 cm apart, so as to ensure sufficient compaction, taking into account the edge effect caused by each propeller a distance at least equal to a radius, beyond its periphery.

Si la largeur de la tranchée est moyenne, le dispositif de compactage est orienté à 45° (position (4)) par rapport à l'axe de la tranchée . La distance entre les deux stations est alors de 75 cm.If the width of the trench is medium, the compacting device is oriented at 45 ° (position (4)) relative to the axis of the trench. The distance between the two stations is then 75 cm.

Si la largeur de la tranchée est importante (de l'ordre de 1m), le dispositif est orienté perpendiculairement (position (5)) à l'axe de la tranchée. La distance entre deux stations est alors de 50 cm.If the width of the trench is large (of the order of 1m), the device is oriented perpendicularly (position (5)) to the axis of the trench. The distance between two stations is then 50 cm.

L'angle entre l'axe du châssis et l'axe de la tranchée est alors ùne fonction croissante de la largeur de cette dernière.The angle between the axis of the chassis and the axis of the trench is then an increasing function of the width of the latter.

Dans tous les cas la rotation du dispositif, constitué par l'association de 2 modules de compactage, est assurée par deux vérins hydrauliques opposés, autour de l'engin porteur au niveau du système de suspension (18, Figure 1), les différentes positions étant verrouillées .In all cases the rotation of the device, constituted by the association of 2 compaction modules, is ensured by two opposite hydraulic cylinders, around the carrier at the level of the suspension system (18, Figure 1), the different positions being locked.

Claims (11)

Dispositif de compactage de matériaux, en particulier de matériaux de remblayage, comprenant: - un élément hélicoïdal (4) pouvant être entraîné par un moteur (7) en sens direct et en sens inverse caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre - un dispositif de battage (12) pilonnant l'élément hélicoïdal lorsque celui-ci tourne en sens inverse et mis au repos lorsque celui-ci tourne en sens direct, le compactage du matériau étant réalisé progressivement depuis le fond du matériau vers sa surface lorsque l'élément hélicoïdal tourne en sens inverse. Device for compacting materials, in particular backfilling materials, comprising: - a helical element (4) which can be driven by a motor (7) in the direct direction and in the opposite direction, characterized in that it further comprises - a threshing device (12) pounding the helical element when the latter rotates in the opposite direction and put to rest when the latter rotates in the direct direction, the compaction of the material being carried out progressively from the bottom of the material towards its surface when the helical element rotates in the opposite direction. Module de compactage selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un dispositif de vibrage (11) opérant simultanément avec le dispositif de battage, générant des vibrations suivant l'axe de l'élément hélicoïdal et un élément de transmision (6) transmettant ces vibrations audit élément hélicoïdal.Compaction module according to claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises a vibrating device (11) operating simultaneously with the threshing device, generating vibrations along the axis of the helical element and a transmitting element (6 ) transmitting these vibrations to said helical element. Module de compactage selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de raclage apte à effondrer les voûtes de matériau à compacter situées au dessus de l'élément hélicoïdal lorsque ce dernier tourne en sens inverse.Compaction module according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it comprises a scraping device capable of collapsing the arches of material to be compacted located above the helical element when the latter rotates in the opposite direction. Module de compactage selon l'une des revendication précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'élément hélicoïdal est constitué d'une hélice plate (4) dont le rapport pas/ diamètre est inférieur à 20% et comportant sensiblement un seul tour complet.Compaction module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the helical element consists of a flat propeller (4) whose pitch / diameter ratio is less than 20% and comprising substantially only one complete revolution. Module de compactage selon les revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de raclage est un doigt situé sur la face supérieure de l'hélice plate, mobile autour d'un axe et relevé en son extrêmité, ce doigt étant automatiquement plaqué sur la face supérieure de l'hélice par la rotation de l'hélice en sens direct et relevé par la rotation en sens inverse.Compaction module according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the scraping device is a finger located on the upper face of the flat propeller, movable around an axis and raised at its end, this finger being automatically pressed on the upper side of the propeller by rotating the propeller in the forward direction and raised by the rotation in the opposite direction. Module de compactage selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que l'élément de transmission est un tube (6) s'appuyant sur la face supérieure de l'hélice (4);
le moteur (7) entraîne un axe cannelé (10) engagé dans une partie femelle située au sommet de l'axe (5) solidaire de l'hélice plate, l'axe cannelé (10) pouvant coulisser à l'intérieur de l'axe (5) et l'entrainant dans son mouvement de rotation;
l'ensemble constitué du moteur (7), de l'élément de vibrage (11), du tube (6), de l'axe (5) et de l'hélice (4) peut glisser le long d'un châssis (1) grâce à une pluralité de guides (3);
le moteur (7) est isolé des vibrations par l'intermédiaire d'un élément isolant (8); l'élément de battage est constitué d'un mouton (12) pilonnant une enclume (13) transmettant les chocs au tube (6) et à l'hélice (4).Compaction module according to claim 5 characterized in that the transmission element is a tube (6) resting on the upper face of the propeller (4);
the motor (7) drives a grooved axis (10) engaged in a female part located at the top of the axis (5) integral with the flat propeller, the grooved axis (10) being able to slide inside the axis (5) and driving it in its rotational movement;
the assembly consisting of the motor (7), the vibrating element (11), the tube (6), the axis (5) and the propeller (4) can slide along a chassis ( 1) thanks to a plurality of guides (3);
the motor (7) is isolated from vibrations by means of an insulating element (8); the threshing element consists of a sheep (12) pounding an anvil (13) transmitting the shocks to the tube (6) and to the propeller (4). Dispositif de compactage comprenant une pluralité de modules de compactage selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les éléments hélicoïdaux de deux modules voisins ont des pas hélicoïdaux inversés l'un par rapport à l'autre et tournent en sens opposés.Compacting device comprising a plurality of compacting modules according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the helical elements of two neighboring modules have helical pitches which are inverted with respect to each other and rotate in opposite directions. Procédé de compactage de matériaux, en particulier de matériaux de remblayage, comprenant: - une étape d'enfoncement d'au moins un élément hélicoïdal à l'intérieur du matériau à compacter en faisant tourner ledit élément en sens direct sans le pilonner; - une inversion du sens de la rotation de l'élément hélicoïdal;
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre : - une étape de pilonnage dudit élement hélicoïdal lorsque ce dernier tourne en sens inverse, le compactage du matériau étant réalisé progressivement depuis le fond du matériau vers sa surface lorsque l'élément hélicoïdal tourne en sens inverse. Method for compacting materials, in particular backfilling materials, comprising: - A step of driving at least one helical element inside the material to be compacted by rotating said element in a direct direction without pounding it; - an inversion of the direction of rotation of the helical element;
characterized in that it further comprises: a step of pounding said helical element when the latter rotates in the opposite direction, the compaction of the material being carried out progressively from the bottom of the material towards its surface when the helical element rotates in the opposite direction. Procédé de compactage de matériau selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce que les voûtes de matériaux à compacter situées au dessus de l'élément hélicoïdal sont effondrées lors de la rotation en sens inverse dudit élément.Material compacting method according to claim 8 characterized in that the arches of materials to be compacted located above the helical element are collapsed during the rotation in the opposite direction of said element. Procédé de compactage de matériaux suivant la revendication 8 ou 9 caractérisé en ce qu'une pluralité d'éléments hélicoïdaux sont utilisés, deux éléments hélicoïdaux voisins possédant des pas inversés l'un par rapport à l'autre et tournant en sens opposés et en ce que: - dans un premier temps les éléments hélicoïdaux sont enfoncés dans le matériau à compacter en les faisant tourner dans leurs sens directs respectifs; - les sens de rotation des éléments hélicoïdaux sont inversés; - les éléments hélicoïdaux sont ensuite pilonnés lorsqu'ils tournent dans leurs sens inverses respectifs. A method of compacting materials according to claim 8 or 9 characterized in that a plurality of helical elements are used, two neighboring helical elements having steps which are reversed with respect to each other and rotating in opposite directions and in that than: - Firstly, the helical elements are driven into the material to be compacted by rotating them in their respective direct directions; - the directions of rotation of the helical elements are reversed; - The helical elements are then pounded when they rotate in their respective opposite directions. Procédé de compactage de tranchées comportant une phase de compactage du matériau de remblayage de la tranchée et /ou de son fond de fouille suivant le procédé de compactage de la revendication 10 et comportant en outre une phase préalable d'orientation du châssis supportant la pluralité des éléments hélicoïdaux par rapport à l'axe de la tranchée, l'angle entre l'axe du châssis et celui de la tranchée étant une fonction croissante de la largeur de cette dernière.Method for compacting trenches comprising a phase of compacting the backfill material of the trench and / or its excavation bottom according to the compacting method of claim 10 and further comprising a preliminary phase of orientation of the chassis supporting the plurality of helical elements relative to the axis of the trench, the angle between the axis of the chassis and that of the trench being an increasing function of the width of the latter.
EP95401988A 1994-09-02 1995-09-01 Compacting method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0701026B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9410575A FR2724189B1 (en) 1994-09-02 1994-09-02 COMPACTION METHOD AND DEVICE
FR9410575 1994-09-02

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EP0701026A1 true EP0701026A1 (en) 1996-03-13
EP0701026B1 EP0701026B1 (en) 2000-05-03

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DE (1) DE69516606T2 (en)
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FR2758577B1 (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-03-12 Menard Soltraitement METHOD, DEVICE AND MATERIALS FOR CONSOLIDATING A FURNISHED AND / OR COMPRESSIBLE LAND, IN PARTICULAR FOR RECEIVING A BUILDING ON IT
CN106908296B (en) * 2017-04-10 2023-06-02 东北农业大学 Full-automatic soil saturator
CN112459036B (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-04-05 詹闽研 Foundation reinforcing device

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US3282055A (en) 1958-07-02 1966-11-01 Richard E Landau Soil settling method
NL8201261A (en) * 1982-03-26 1982-08-02 Kitagawa Iron Works Co Subsoil stabilising unit injects agent via driven hollow shaft - with impeller in subsoil and carried by vertically movable drive assembly
JPS57187417A (en) * 1981-05-13 1982-11-18 Takuma Co Ltd Improvement work for soft ground
EP0096671A2 (en) 1982-06-02 1983-12-21 Byggnads- & Industriservice AB BINAB A method and apparatus for compacting compactable soils by vibration
EP0161974A2 (en) 1984-05-07 1985-11-21 Sondages Injections Forages "S.I.F." Entreprise Bachy Method and apparatus for forming piles of soil stabilised and compacted in situ
WO1993002257A1 (en) * 1991-07-18 1993-02-04 Bpa Byggproduktion Ab Tool for introducing soil stabilizing material

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JPS57187417A (en) * 1981-05-13 1982-11-18 Takuma Co Ltd Improvement work for soft ground
NL8201261A (en) * 1982-03-26 1982-08-02 Kitagawa Iron Works Co Subsoil stabilising unit injects agent via driven hollow shaft - with impeller in subsoil and carried by vertically movable drive assembly
EP0096671A2 (en) 1982-06-02 1983-12-21 Byggnads- & Industriservice AB BINAB A method and apparatus for compacting compactable soils by vibration
EP0161974A2 (en) 1984-05-07 1985-11-21 Sondages Injections Forages "S.I.F." Entreprise Bachy Method and apparatus for forming piles of soil stabilised and compacted in situ
WO1993002257A1 (en) * 1991-07-18 1993-02-04 Bpa Byggproduktion Ab Tool for introducing soil stabilizing material

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FR2724189B1 (en) 1996-12-27
EP0701026B1 (en) 2000-05-03
DE69516606T2 (en) 2001-01-11
FR2724189A1 (en) 1996-03-08
ES2148456T3 (en) 2000-10-16
ATE192522T1 (en) 2000-05-15
DE69516606D1 (en) 2000-06-08

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