EP0698762A1 - Device for mounting the lampholder of a parking light on an inclined portion of the reflector of a headlight or signal light of a vehicle - Google Patents
Device for mounting the lampholder of a parking light on an inclined portion of the reflector of a headlight or signal light of a vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0698762A1 EP0698762A1 EP95401747A EP95401747A EP0698762A1 EP 0698762 A1 EP0698762 A1 EP 0698762A1 EP 95401747 A EP95401747 A EP 95401747A EP 95401747 A EP95401747 A EP 95401747A EP 0698762 A1 EP0698762 A1 EP 0698762A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp holder
- mirror
- orifice
- flexible
- mounting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
- F21S41/198—Snap-fit attachments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2103/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for signalling purposes
- F21W2103/10—Position lights
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the mounting of lamps in mirrors of lighting or signaling devices of motor vehicles, and more particularly to a new lamp holder for city lamp integrated in a projector.
- a mirror 1 of a motor vehicle headlamp comprises, in a defocused region, an orifice 1a in which is engaged a flexible intermediate piece 2 at the periphery of which is formed a groove 2a for setting the edge of the orifice 1a.
- This part 2 is crossed by a passage in which a lamp holder 3 is engaged.
- FR-A-2 191 068 discloses a lamp holder for a signaling light.
- This lamp holder is mounted in the bottom of a mirror, that is to say without tilting, and there is nothing to suggest its application to a city lamp holder mounted in an inclined wall.
- this lamp holder does not include any specific means to allow its easy disassembly with a view in particular to replacing the lamp.
- the present invention aims to overcome these limitations of the prior art and to propose a device for mounting a city lamp in an inclined wall of a reflective body of a lighting or signaling device which is simple to install, with an automation possibility, more economical by reducing the number of parts, and easy to dismantle.
- the present invention relates to a device for mounting a lamp holder for a city lamp in a mirror of a lighting or signaling device of a motor vehicle, in particular in a projector mirror, the mirror comprising an inclined wall in which is formed an orifice for the passage of said lamp holder, the mounting device being characterized in that it is made in one piece with the lamp holder and comprises at least one flexible wall extending outwards from a body of the lamp holder, and capable of exerting an elastic pressure on the rear of the mirror in the vicinity of said orifice, and at least one flexible locking / unlocking tab able to be operated by an operator and comprising arrangements intended for cooperate with the edge region of said orifice under the effect of an elastic force tending to move it away from the body of the lamp holder to maintain the elastic pressure exerted by said wall fle xible at least planned.
- the invention also provides a lamp holder, in particular for a city lamp, in a mirror of a lighting or signaling device of a motor vehicle, in particular in a projector mirror, the mirror comprising an inclined wall in which an orifice is formed. for the passage of said lamp holder, characterized in that it comprises a mounting device as defined above.
- FIG. 2 to 4 there is shown a device for mounting a city lamp which is in fact constituted by a lamp holder having arrangements allowing its fixing directly in an orifice provided in a motor vehicle headlamp mirror .
- the wall of the mirror, oblique and curved with respect to the axis of the lamp, is indicated at 10.
- this wall is formed an orifice 12 for mounting the lamp holder.
- the latter is designated by the reference 20, and produced made of flexible plastic. It comprises a generally cylindrical body of revolution 22 comprising, conventionally in itself, arrangements for mounting and electrical connection of the base (bayonet or screw) of a lamp not shown.
- two opposite flexible ears 24a and 24b From the body 22 extend, in this case laterally, two opposite flexible ears 24a and 24b, of generally rounded contours and the thickness of which gradually decreases from the body 22 towards their free ends. These ears also have a slight bend at an intermediate radial distance so that the end portions of the ears have a certain obliquity with respect to the neighboring walls of the mirror.
- the position of the ears 24a, 24b along the body, as well as their inclination at rest, are determined as a function of the average inclination of the mirror around its orifice 12.
- Figure 4 shows that the profile of the legs 25a, 25b is circular and generally concentric with the body 22 of the lamp holder. This curvature of the legs is designed to correspond approximately to that of the edges of the orifice 12 of the mirror 10.
- Each of the tabs 25a, 25b carries on its outer surface a locking tooth, respectively 253a, 253b, which is able to cooperate with the adjacent edge of the orifice of the mirror.
- Each tooth has a section of general triangular shape, so as to define, on the anterior side, an inclined ramp.
- the position and the inclination of the teeth 253a, 253b along the legs 25a, 25b is determined as a function of the thickness and the average inclination of the mirror 10 in the vicinity of the orifice 12.
- the lamp holder 20 as described above is placed in the orifice 12 by simple translational movement along its axis.
- the tabs 25a, 25b may possibly be tightened towards the body 22 of the lamp holder so as to facilitate penetration of the lamp holder into the orifice.
- the edges of the orifice 12 urge the tabs 25a, 25b elastically inwards, until the teeth cross, using their ramps, said edges.
- the ears 24a, 24b are applied against the rear face of the mirror 10, and gradually bending as the translation of the lamp holder continues.
- the elastic restoring force exerted by the ears on the rear of the mirror makes it possible to ensure a completely stable maintenance of the lamp holder in its locked position, this stability being reinforced by the angular offset, in this case 90 °, which exists between the pair of ears 24a, 24b and the pair of teeth 253a, 253b.
- the mounting of the lamp holder in the mirror can easily be automated, insofar as it suffices a translation of the lamp holder, suitably grasped, with if necessary a temporary tightening of the two arms 25a, 25b.
- the dismantling of the lamp holder is carried out by manually tightening the two tabs 25a, 25b so as to eliminate the attachment between their teeth 253a, 253b and the wall of the mirror, then pulling the bulb holder toward the back.
- the two opposite ears 24a, 24b may be replaced by a flexible lip which goes all around the body 22 of the lamp holder, or by a plurality of regularly spaced flexible legs.
- teeth of the locking tabs can be replaced by grooves in which the regions of homologous edges of the orifice 12 can come to engage when said tabs deviate elastically towards the outside.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne d'une façon générale le montage des lampes dans des miroirs de dispositifs d'éclairage ou de signalisation de véhicules automobiles, et plus particulièrement un nouveau porte-lampe pour lampe de ville intégrée à un projecteur.The present invention relates generally to the mounting of lamps in mirrors of lighting or signaling devices of motor vehicles, and more particularly to a new lamp holder for city lamp integrated in a projector.
Classiquement, et en référence à la figure 1, un miroir 1 d'un projecteur de véhicule automobile comporte, dans une région défocalisée, un orifice 1a dans lequel est engagée une pièce intermédiaire souple 2 à la périphérie de laquelle est formée une gorge 2a pour le calage du bord de l'orifice 1a. Cette pièce 2 est traversée par un passage dans laquelle est engagé un porte-lampe 3.Conventionally, and with reference to FIG. 1, a
Une telle solution connue présente toutefois un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Tout d'abord, la pose de la pièce intermédiaire est fastidieuse et allonge les temps d'assemblage des projecteurs. En outre, cette pose est nécessairement manuelle, toute automatisation étant exclue. Enfin la pièce intermédiaire induit un surcoût et un accroissement du nombre de pièces à gérer dans la fabrication des projecteurs.However, such a known solution has a number of drawbacks. First of all, the installation of the intermediate piece is tedious and lengthens the assembly times of the projectors. In addition, this installation is necessarily manual, any automation being excluded. Finally, the intermediate part induces an additional cost and an increase in the number of parts to be managed in the manufacture of the projectors.
On connaît par FR-A-2 191 068 un porte-lampe pour feu de signalisation. Ce porte-lampe est monté dans le fond d'un miroir, c'est-à-dire sans inclinaison, et rien de suggère son application à un porte-lampe de ville monté dans une paroi inclinée. En outre, ce porte-lampe ne comporte aucun moyen spécifique pour permettre son démontage aisé en vue notamment du remplacement de la lampe.FR-A-2 191 068 discloses a lamp holder for a signaling light. This lamp holder is mounted in the bottom of a mirror, that is to say without tilting, and there is nothing to suggest its application to a city lamp holder mounted in an inclined wall. In addition, this lamp holder does not include any specific means to allow its easy disassembly with a view in particular to replacing the lamp.
La présente invention vise à pallier ces limitations de l'art antérieur et à proposer un dispositif de montage d'une lampe de ville dans une paroi inclinée d'un corps réfléchissant de dispositif d'éclairage ou de signalisation qui soit simple à poser, avec une possibilité d'automatisation, plus économique par réduction du nombre de pièces, et facile à démonter.The present invention aims to overcome these limitations of the prior art and to propose a device for mounting a city lamp in an inclined wall of a reflective body of a lighting or signaling device which is simple to install, with an automation possibility, more economical by reducing the number of parts, and easy to dismantle.
Ainsi la présente invention concerne un dispositif de montage d'un porte-lampe pour lampe de ville dans un miroir de dispositif d'éclairage ou de signalisation de véhicule automobile, notamment dans un miroir de projecteur, le miroir comportant une paroi inclinée dans laquelle est formé un orifice pour le passage dudit porte-lampe, le dispositif de montage étant caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé d'un seul tenant avec le porte-lampe et comprend au moins une paroi flexible s'étendant vers l'extérieur à partir d'un corps du porte-lampe, et apte à exercer une pression élastique sur l'arrière du miroir au voisinage dudit orifice, et au moins une patte flexible de verrouillage/déverrouillage apte à être manoeuvrée par un opérateur et comportant des aménagements destinés à coopérer avec la région de bord dudit orifice sous l'effet d'un effort élastique tendant à l'écarter du corps du porte-lampe pour maintenir la pression élastique exercée par ladite paroi flexible au moins prévue.Thus the present invention relates to a device for mounting a lamp holder for a city lamp in a mirror of a lighting or signaling device of a motor vehicle, in particular in a projector mirror, the mirror comprising an inclined wall in which is formed an orifice for the passage of said lamp holder, the mounting device being characterized in that it is made in one piece with the lamp holder and comprises at least one flexible wall extending outwards from a body of the lamp holder, and capable of exerting an elastic pressure on the rear of the mirror in the vicinity of said orifice, and at least one flexible locking / unlocking tab able to be operated by an operator and comprising arrangements intended for cooperate with the edge region of said orifice under the effect of an elastic force tending to move it away from the body of the lamp holder to maintain the elastic pressure exerted by said wall fle xible at least planned.
Des aspects préférés, mais non limitatifs, du dispositif selon l'invention sont les suivants :
le dispositif comprend deux parois flexibles sous forme d'oreilles obliques diamétralement opposées.
- lesdites oreilles présentent une épaisseur qui diminue progressivement du corps du porte-lampe vers l'extérieur.
- il est prévu deux pattes flexibles diamétralement opposées, s'étendant chacune essentiellement le long du corps du porte-lampe et portant sur sa face extérieure à un niveau intermédiaire une dent de verrouillage apte à coopérer avec une région du bord de l'orifice.
- chaque dent présente une section généralement triangulaire.
- les deux oreilles et les deux pattes sont mutuellement décalées d'environ 90°.
- les pattes présentent un profil courbe correspondant généralement à la courbure de la région de bord associée de l'orifice.
- le dispositif est venu de moulage sur un porte-lampe réalisé en matière plastique flexible moulée.
the device comprises two flexible walls in the form of oblique diametrically opposed ears.
- said ears have a thickness which gradually decreases from the body of the lamp holder outwards.
- two diametrically opposite flexible tabs are provided, each extending essentially along the body of the lamp holder and carrying on its outer face at an intermediate level a locking tooth capable of cooperating with a region of the edge of the orifice.
- each tooth has a generally triangular section.
- the two ears and the two legs are mutually offset by approximately 90 °.
- the legs have a corresponding curved profile generally at the curvature of the associated edge region of the orifice.
- the device is molded on a lamp holder made of flexible molded plastic.
L'invention propose également un porte-lampe, notamment pour lampe de ville, dans un miroir de dispositif d'éclairage ou de signalisation de véhicule automobile, notamment dans un miroir de projecteur, le miroir comportant une paroi inclinée dans laquelle est formé un orifice pour le passage dudit porte-lampe, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de montage tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention also provides a lamp holder, in particular for a city lamp, in a mirror of a lighting or signaling device of a motor vehicle, in particular in a projector mirror, the mirror comprising an inclined wall in which an orifice is formed. for the passage of said lamp holder, characterized in that it comprises a mounting device as defined above.
D'autres aspects, buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante d'une forme de réalisation préférée de celle-ci, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence au dessin annexé, sur lequel :
- la figure 1, déjà décrite, est une vue en coupe horizontale d'un dispositif de montage de lampe de ville de l'art antérieur,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale d'un dispositif de montage selon l'invention,
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe verticale du dispositif de montage de la figure 2, et
- la figure 4 est une vue en élévation de l'arrière du dispositif de montage des figures 2 et 3.
- FIG. 1, already described, is a view in horizontal section of a prior art city lamp mounting device,
- FIG. 2 is a view in horizontal section of a mounting device according to the invention,
- FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section of the mounting device in FIG. 2, and
- FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the rear of the mounting device in FIGS. 2 and 3.
En référence aux figures 2 à 4, on a représenté un dispositif de montage d'une lampe de ville qui est en fait constitué par un porte-lampe comportant des aménagements permettant sa fixation directement dans un orifice prévu dans un miroir de projecteur de véhicule automobile.Referring to Figures 2 to 4, there is shown a device for mounting a city lamp which is in fact constituted by a lamp holder having arrangements allowing its fixing directly in an orifice provided in a motor vehicle headlamp mirror .
La paroi du miroir, oblique et incurvée par rapport à l'axe de la lampe, est indiquée en 10. Dans cette paroi est formée un orifice 12 pour le montage du porte-lampe.The wall of the mirror, oblique and curved with respect to the axis of the lamp, is indicated at 10. In this wall is formed an
Ce dernier est désigné par la référence 20, et réalisé en matière plastique souple. Il comporte un corps généralement cylindrique de révolution 22 comportant, de façon classique en soi, des aménagements pour le montage et la connexion électrique du culot (à baïonette ou à vis) d'une lampe non représentée.The latter is designated by the
A partir du corps 22 s'étendent, en l'espèce latéralement, deux oreilles flexibles opposées 24a et 24b, de contours généralement arrondis et dont l'épaisseur diminue progressivement du corps 22 vers leurs extrémités libres. Ces oreilles présentent par ailleurs à une distance radiale intermédiaire un léger coude faisant que les parties terminales des oreilles présentent une certaine obliquité par rapport aux parois avoisinantes du miroir.From the
La position des oreilles 24a, 24b le long du corps, ainsi que leur inclinaison au repos, sont déterminées en fonction de l'inclinaison moyenne du miroir autour de son orifice 12.The position of the
A partir du corps 22 du porte-lampe s'étendent également, de façon angulairement décalée par rapport aux oreilles, et en l'espèce au-dessus et au-dessous du corps, deux pattes flexibles 25a, 25b. Ces pattes sont reliées à l'extrémité avant du corps 22 par des parties de raccordement essentiellement radiales 251a, 251b, et s'étendent le long du corps vers l'arrière par des parties principales 252a, 252b qui divergent légèrement en direction de l'arrière.From the
La figure 4 montre que le profil des pattes 25a, 25b est circulaire et généralement concentrique avec le corps 22 du porte-lampe. Cette courbure des pattes est conçue pour correspondre approximativement à celle des bords de l'orifice 12 du miroir 10.Figure 4 shows that the profile of the
Chacune des pattes 25a, 25b porte sur sa surface extérieure une dent de verrouillage, respectivement 253a, 253b, qui est apte à coopérer avec le bord adjacent de l'orifice du miroir. Chaque dent présente une section de forme générale triangulaire, de manière à définir, du côté antérieure, une rampe inclinée.Each of the
La position et l'inclinaison des dents 253a, 253b le long des pattes 25a, 25b est déterminée en fonction de l'épaisseur et de l'inclinaison moyenne du miroir 10 au voisinage de l'orifice 12.The position and the inclination of the
Le porte-lampe 20 tel que décrit ci-dessus est mis en place dans l'orifice 12 par simple mouvement de translation selon son axe. Préalablement à ce mouvement, les pattes 25a, 25b peuvent être éventuellement resserrées vers le corps 22 du porte-lampe de manière à faciliter la pénétration du porte-lampe dans l'orifice. Les bords de l'orifice 12 sollicitent les pattes 25a, 25b élastiquement vers l'intérieur, jusqu'à ce que les dents franchissent, à l'aide de leurs rampes, lesdits bords. Simultanément, les oreilles 24a, 24b viennent s'appliquer contre la face arrière du miroir 10, et fléchissement progressivement à mesure que la translation du porte-lampe se poursuit.The
Après que le verrouillage par les dents 253a, 253b a été effectué, la force de rappel élastique exercée par les oreilles sur l'arrière du miroir permet d'assurer un maintien tout à fait stable du porte-lampe dans sa position verrouillée, cette stabilité étant renforcée par le décalage angulaire, en l'espèce de 90°, qui existe entre la paire d'oreilles 24a, 24b et la paire de dents 253a, 253b.After the locking by the
On comprend ici que le montage du porte-lampe dans le miroir peut aisément être automatisé, dans la mesure où il suffit d'une translation du porte-lampe, convenablement saisi, avec le cas échéant un resserrement temporaire des deux bras 25a, 25b.It is understood here that the mounting of the lamp holder in the mirror can easily be automated, insofar as it suffices a translation of the lamp holder, suitably grasped, with if necessary a temporary tightening of the two
Le démontage du porte-lampe, notamment lorsque l'on souhaite remplacer une lampe défectueuse, s'effectue en resserrant manuellement les deux pattes 25a, 25b de manière à supprimer l'accrochage entre leurs dents 253a, 253b et la paroi du miroir, puis en tirant le porte-lampe vers l'arrière.The dismantling of the lamp holder, in particular when it is desired to replace a defective lamp, is carried out by manually tightening the two
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est nullement limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites et représentées, mais l'homme de l'art saura y apporter toute variante ou modification conforme à son esprit.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, but those skilled in the art will be able to make any variant or modification in accordance with his spirit.
En particulier, les deux oreilles opposées 24a, 24b peuvent être remplacées par une lèvre flexible faisant tout le tour du corps 22 du porte lampe, ou par une pluralité de pattes flexibles régulièrement espacées.In particular, the two
En outre, les dents des pattes de verrouillage peuvent être remplacées par des gorges dans lesquelles les régions de bords homologues de l'orifice 12 peuvent venir s'engager lorsque lesdites pattes s'écartent élastiquement vers l'extérieur.In addition, the teeth of the locking tabs can be replaced by grooves in which the regions of homologous edges of the
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9409173 | 1994-07-25 | ||
FR9409173A FR2722865B1 (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1994-07-25 | DEVICE FOR MOUNTING A LAMP HOLDER, PARTICULARLY FOR A CITY LAMP, IN AN INCLINED PART OF A MIRROR OF A LIGHTING OR SIGNALING DEVICE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0698762A1 true EP0698762A1 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
EP0698762B1 EP0698762B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
Family
ID=9465717
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95401747A Expired - Lifetime EP0698762B1 (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1995-07-24 | Device for mounting the lampholder of a parking light on an inclined portion of the reflector of a headlight or signal light of a vehicle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0698762B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69517757T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2149935T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2722865B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19623709A1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-09 | Valeo Vision | Device for assembling motor vehicle dipped-beam headlamp into reflector |
EP0823586A1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-02-11 | Socop Sa | Lamp holder with fixation wings |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1540112A (en) * | 1921-01-27 | 1925-06-02 | Harry A Douglas | Circuit-continuing device |
US3096026A (en) * | 1961-01-09 | 1963-07-02 | Signal Stat Corp | Cab lamp for automotive vehicles |
FR1532588A (en) * | 1967-06-01 | 1968-07-12 | Sev Marchal | Device for mounting a city lamp on headlamps such as those of motor vehicles |
FR2191068A1 (en) | 1972-06-26 | 1974-02-01 | Tecalemit Sa |
-
1994
- 1994-07-25 FR FR9409173A patent/FR2722865B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-07-24 DE DE69517757T patent/DE69517757T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-24 ES ES95401747T patent/ES2149935T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-24 EP EP95401747A patent/EP0698762B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1540112A (en) * | 1921-01-27 | 1925-06-02 | Harry A Douglas | Circuit-continuing device |
US3096026A (en) * | 1961-01-09 | 1963-07-02 | Signal Stat Corp | Cab lamp for automotive vehicles |
FR1532588A (en) * | 1967-06-01 | 1968-07-12 | Sev Marchal | Device for mounting a city lamp on headlamps such as those of motor vehicles |
FR2191068A1 (en) | 1972-06-26 | 1974-02-01 | Tecalemit Sa |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19623709A1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-09 | Valeo Vision | Device for assembling motor vehicle dipped-beam headlamp into reflector |
DE19623709B4 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2008-01-24 | Valeo Vision | Device for mounting a lamp socket, in particular for city light, in an inclined part of a mirror of a lighting or signaling device for motor vehicles |
EP0823586A1 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-02-11 | Socop Sa | Lamp holder with fixation wings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69517757D1 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
FR2722865A1 (en) | 1996-01-26 |
ES2149935T3 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
DE69517757T2 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
EP0698762B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
FR2722865B1 (en) | 1996-10-04 |
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