EP0696336A1 - Sealing arrangement for a shaft duct through a housing and process for operating the same - Google Patents

Sealing arrangement for a shaft duct through a housing and process for operating the same

Info

Publication number
EP0696336A1
EP0696336A1 EP94912461A EP94912461A EP0696336A1 EP 0696336 A1 EP0696336 A1 EP 0696336A1 EP 94912461 A EP94912461 A EP 94912461A EP 94912461 A EP94912461 A EP 94912461A EP 0696336 A1 EP0696336 A1 EP 0696336A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sealing arrangement
shaft
fluid
chamber
vapor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94912461A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0696336B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Lehmann
Detlef Friebe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0696336A1 publication Critical patent/EP0696336A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0696336B1 publication Critical patent/EP0696336B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing arrangement for a shaft having an axis to pass through a stationary housing which encloses an interior to which a fluid can be applied, from which the shaft emerges, with a ring surrounding the shaft and adjacent to seals along the axis on both sides and through at least one of the seals, the vapor chamber which can be acted upon by the fluid and which is open to the surroundings.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a sealing arrangement.
  • the invention relates in particular to a sealing arrangement for use on a steam turbine in order to seal a passage of a rotating shaft from a housing of the steam turbine.
  • This causes steam to flow through a seal along the shaft . emerges from the housing, collected in a vapor chamber and released into the environment.
  • This vapor turns into mist due to condensation and is therefore visible on the sealing arrangement as a "vapor flag".
  • Such a simple function control is particularly interesting and in many cases desirable on a steam turbine for industrial purposes, the power output of which is usually between approximately 1 MW and approximately 50 MW; In the case of such a steam turbine, the stress on the environment caused by a vane plume is generally maintained within acceptable limits.
  • Sealing arrangements for the passage of shafts are known in various forms in the prior art; in particular, there is a large number of design options for the individual components of the sealing arrangements, in particular especially the seals themselves. Sealing arrangements for use on steam turbines can be found in DE 26 43 484 AI and DE 33 33 530 AI; Various design options for components of the sealing arrangements are also described in these documents.
  • EP 0 463 532 A1 relates to the disposal of steam which emerges from a seal arrangement, this steam being condensed in a so-called "vapor condenser arrangement". The main focus in this document is on the design of the vapor condenser itself. This is designed in particular as a non-pressurized heat exchanger, which means that the vapor condensation takes place in it at about normal atmospheric pressure. A release of vapor into the environment does not take place, but the vapor is completely condensed.
  • GB-PS 1 267 548 also relates to a sealing arrangement on a steam turbine of the type described in EP 0 463 532 AI.
  • the sealing arrangement should not only be usable for the passage of a rotating shaft, in particular an output shaft of a steam turbine, but also for the passage of a valve spindle which is displaceable along its axis and is not necessarily rotatable.
  • the term "shaft” is to be interpreted in the present case so that it encompasses rotatable shafts and displaceable spindles in equal measure.
  • Seals for sealing arrangements of the type described are described in function and design in the book "Thermal Turbomachinery" by W. Traupel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1977, Vol. 1, Chap. 10. Seals in particular of the type of the labyrinth seals are described in detail; other seals, in particular stuffing box seals, in particular stuffing box seals with carbon rings, are mentioned only in passing and are disadvantageous for steam turbines in
  • a sealing arrangement of the type described in the introduction always has, as already stated, a certain load of vapors in the environment which, under certain circumstances, may require special precautions for air pollution control.
  • the reliability of a function check based on a vapor flag is only limited, since minor changes are difficult to detect.
  • the function check must therefore essentially be limited to determining whether damage to the sealing arrangement has already occurred or not.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a sealing arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, which both restricts the load on the environment and provides reliable diagnosis, i.e. in particular, it allows a reliable determination that damage is in the offing.
  • a method for operating such a sealing arrangement is also to be specified.
  • a sealing arrangement for a shaft having an axis is passed through a fixed housing which encloses an interior to which a fluid can be applied, from which the shaft emerges, with a shaft surrounding the shaft on both sides of the shaft Seals adjacent and through which one of the seals can be acted upon by the fluid vapor chamber, which is open to the environment, in which the vapor chamber is additionally connected to a suction device.
  • the suction device With the suction device, it is possible to partially extract the fluid from the vapor chamber and thus to reduce the pollution of the environment;
  • a suitable design and adjustment of the suction device can ensure that a well-defined, largely constant portion is sucked off from the total fluid supplied to the vapor chamber, so that fluctuations in the delivery of the fluid through the seal depend solely on the in effect the dismissed rest. So small ones
  • Fluctuations in the inflow of the fluid to the vapor chamber cause large fluctuations in the outflow of the fluid into the environment, which can be detected easily and with the simplest means, in particular by just looking. In this way, a sensitive control of the inflow of the fluid to the vapor chamber, and thus a sensitive control of the sealing effect, of the sealing arrangement is possible.
  • the vapor chamber is connected to the environment via a vapor tube and the suction device is connected to the vapor tube. The reaction of the suction device to a flow of the fluid in the seals and in the vapor chamber is thus kept low and the mode of operation of the seal arrangement is improved.
  • a suction device is a radiator in the manner of a steam jet pump, in which the fluid with which the housing is acted on serves as a propellant and is preferably supplied from the interior of the housing.
  • the sealing arrangement which has been strengthened in this way works largely independently alongside the housing and the device accommodated in the housing, which substantially supports its operational reliability.
  • the suction device is preferably preceded by a control valve with which the suction effect can be adjusted.
  • a sealing chamber which surrounds the shaft and is adjacent to the seals on both sides along the axis, is preferably arranged in the sealing arrangement between the vapor chamber and the fluid and can be delivered via an associated feed line.
  • a barrier chamber can fulfill several functions: it can serve to provide defined thermodynamic conditions, in particular a defined pressure, in front of the vapor chamber, regardless of the conditions in the interior, in order to act largely independently of the seal leading to the vapor chamber ensure.
  • the supply line belonging to the barrier chamber is advantageously connected to the interior, in particular to a region of the interior in which there is a pressure appropriate for the barrier chamber. It should be noted that there is always a pressure drop in the interior of the housing of a working steam turbine, due to the expansion of the steam along the turbine. According to the respective specification, a connection of the feed line to the inlet, outlet or to a tap of the steam turbine is possible.
  • a leakage chamber which surrounds the shaft and is adjacent to the shaft on both sides of seals between the vapor chamber and the interior and from which fluid can be removed via an associated discharge line.
  • This discharge line can in particular be connected to a leakage condenser in which the discharged fluid is condensed.
  • This leakage condenser is preferably designed for condensing the fluid in a
  • the leakage chamber can be used to form a defined th pressure gradient along the sealing arrangement, in that a predetermined pressure corresponding to the requirements is maintained in the leakage chamber.
  • the flow of the fluid that reaches the vapor chamber can be influenced by adjusting the pressure in the leakage chamber. This is particularly important if the sealing arrangement is subjected to a very high pressure from the interior of the housing, which can be the case, for example, in the area of the inflow of a steam turbine.
  • the sealing arrangement is particularly preferably designed for the simultaneous sealing of two bushings, each bushing having a vapor chamber connected to the suction device.
  • a respective control valve is preferably located between each vapor chamber and the suction device, in order thus to enable the suction effect to be set individually for each vapor chamber; in this way, in particular, differences in the loading of the bushings from the interior can be compensated for.
  • Functional differences determined in terms of production technology can also be compensated for. Larger functional differences are preferably compensated for by means of appropriate blocking and / or leakage chambers.
  • a sealing arrangement of any configuration the fluid being applied to the housing and the fluid flowing into the vapor chamber through at least one of the seals, is carried out according to the invention in such a way that the fluid is sucked out of the vapor chamber except for a remainder which is discharged into the environment becomes.
  • a predetermined constant proportion is expediently sucked off from the fluid that has flowed into the vapor chamber, so that the fluctuations in the flow of fluid acting on the vapor chamber are mainly communicated to the rest released into the environment, and thus to the vapor tail.
  • This rest the can vary greatly in the event of changes in the sealing arrangement, simple inspection measures are accessible and offers an excellent possibility for function control. It is also limited in its quantity, so that it pollutes the environment to a small extent at most.
  • the sealing arrangement of any configuration is particularly suitable for use in a case in which the fluid is a vapor, preferably water vapor. Especially in the case where the fluid is water vapor, it makes a difference
  • the monitoring of the sealing arrangement which is subject to high stress is of great importance.
  • the sealing arrangement according to the invention requires very little equipment and, in particular, does not require any complex apparatus for diagnostic purposes; the invention thus very much complies with the price expectations customary in connection with steam turbines for industrial purposes.
  • FIG. 1 The only figure in the drawing shows a schematic representation of a steam turbine 16, which is located in the interior 5 of a housing 4.
  • a steam line 21 steam is supplied to the steam turbine 16, and the steam expanded in the steam turbine 16 is discharged through an exhaust steam line 22. Due to the expansion of the steam, the steam turbine 16 sets the shaft 3 in rotation about its axis 2.
  • the shaft 3 is led out of the housing 4 at two bushings 1.
  • a suction line 17 is connected to each vapor tube 9 and leads to a suction device 8, namely a radiator. With this radiator 8, part of the steam is sucked out of the vapor tube 9.
  • a very sensitive indicator of the condition of the bushing 1 is formed, because even a small fluctuation in the inflow of steam to the vapor chamber 7 is immediately visible as a noticeable change in the size of the vapor plume. A malfunction of the seals 6 can thus be detected early, possibly before they develop into real damage.
  • a control valve 10 is included in each suction line 17 in order to be able to regulate the proportion of the vapor extracted from the vapor tube 9 with great care.
  • a control valve 10 it is possible to replace the control valve 10 with a fixed throttle, for example an orifice plate, particularly when the sealing arrangement and its monitoring requirements are not too high.
  • a leakage chamber 13 is integrated in the leadthrough 1, which likewise surrounds the shaft 3 and is adjacent to it by seals 6. Steam that enters the leakage chamber 13 along the shaft 3 through these seals 6 is partially discharged through an associated discharge line 14 and supplied to a leakage condenser 15.
  • the vapor pressure in the leakage condenser 15 can be determined; in particular an adjustment of the inflow to the vapor chamber 7 is possible.
  • the need for barrier chambers 13 and the leakage condenser 15 is not always given. In particular, if the vapor pressure in the housing 4 remains relatively low, a leakage condenser 15 can be dispensed with; if necessary, steam would then have to be removed from an optionally available leakage chamber 13 through the exhaust steam line 22.
  • the left bushing 1 is connected to the housing 4 in the vicinity of the feed line 21, so that this bushing 1 is acted upon from the interior 5 with steam which is under very high pressure.
  • a sealing chamber 11 surrounding the shaft 3 is provided behind a seal 6 and communicates with the exhaust line 22 via a feed line 12, and thus with an area in the interior 5 is under relatively low pressure, is connected.
  • the load on the other components of the left bushing 1, namely the leakage chamber 13 and the vapor chamber 7, is reduced and at least partially matched to the load on the components of the right bushing 1, which is in the vicinity of the steam line 22 the housing 4 is connected and is accordingly loaded much less. For this reason, no barrier chamber is provided in the right bushing 1.
  • This is provided in the example shown on the assumption that the steam turbine 16 is a so-called back pressure turbine from which the steam is released under a relatively high pressure.
  • back pressure Steam turbines are widely used in industry. If, in another case, the pressure in the exhaust steam line 22 is not high enough, depending on the design of the steam turbine 16, steam for the radiator 8 can be removed at another location, in particular from the inlet or a tap of the steam turbine 16.
  • the described sealing arrangement enables a simple function check of a shaft to be carried out and also allows a significant reduction in the load on its surroundings. It is particularly qualified for use on a steam turbine, in particular on a steam turbine for an industrial purpose with a power output between approximately 1 MW and 40 MW.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A sealing arrangement is disclosed for a duct (1) through a stationary housing (4) crossed by a shaft (3) having an axis (2). The housing (4) encloses an inner chamber (5) capable of receiving a fluid and out of which the shaft (3) extends. The sealing arrangement has a vapours chamber (7) which surrounds the shaft (3), extends along the axis (2) on both sides of gaskets (6) and may receive the fluid through at least one of the gaskets (6). The vapours chamber (7) is open to the environment and is connected to a suction device (8). The fluid which reaches the vapours chamber (7) is totally sucked off, with the exception of a residue which is evacuated into the environment. The environmental impact may thus be considerably reduced, and an effective operation control may be carried out by monitoring the residue evacuated into the environment. This sealing arrangement is particularly suitable for a duct (1) arranged for a shaft (3) through a steam turbine (16). Also disclosed is a process for operating this sealing arrangement.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Dichtungsanordnung für eine Durchführung einer Welle durch ein Gehäuse sowie Verfahren zu ihrem BetriebSealing arrangement for a shaft to pass through a housing and method for its operation
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dichtungsanordnung für eine Durchführung einer eine Achse habenden Welle durch ein fest¬ stehendes Gehäuse, welches einen mit einem Fluid beaufschlag¬ baren Innenraum umschließt, aus dem die Welle austritt, mit einer die Welle umringenden, entlang der Achse beiderseits von Dichtungen benachbarten und durch zumindest eine der Dichtungen hindurch mit dem Fluid beaufschlagbaren Wrasenkam¬ mer, die zu der Umgebung hin offen ist. Die Erfindung be¬ trifft auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Dich- tungsanordnung.The invention relates to a sealing arrangement for a shaft having an axis to pass through a stationary housing which encloses an interior to which a fluid can be applied, from which the shaft emerges, with a ring surrounding the shaft and adjacent to seals along the axis on both sides and through at least one of the seals, the vapor chamber which can be acted upon by the fluid and which is open to the surroundings. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a sealing arrangement.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf eine Dichtungsan¬ ordnung zur Anwendung an einer Dampfturbine, um eine Durch¬ führung einer rotierenden Welle aus einem Gehäuse der Dampf- turbine abzudichten. Dabei wird Dampf, der durch eine Dich¬ tung hindurch entlang der Welle. aus dem Gehäuse austritt, in einer Wrasenkammer gesammelt und in die Umgebung entlassen. Durch Kondensation verwandelt sich dieser Dampf in Nebel und ist somit an der Dichtungsanordnung als "Wrasenfahne" sicht- bar. Er bietet auf diese Weise eine einfache Funktionskon¬ trolle für die Dichtungsanordnung. Eine solche einfache Funk¬ tionskontrolle ist besonders interessant und vielfach wün¬ schenswert an einer Dampfturbine für industrielle Zwecke, de¬ ren Leistungsabgabe üblicherweise zwischen etwa 1 MW und etwa 50 MW liegt; bei einer derartigen Dampfturbine erhält sich insbesondere die Beanspruchung der Umgebung durch eine Wra¬ senfahne in der Regel in annehmbaren Grenzen.The invention relates in particular to a sealing arrangement for use on a steam turbine in order to seal a passage of a rotating shaft from a housing of the steam turbine. This causes steam to flow through a seal along the shaft . emerges from the housing, collected in a vapor chamber and released into the environment. This vapor turns into mist due to condensation and is therefore visible on the sealing arrangement as a "vapor flag". In this way, it offers a simple function check for the sealing arrangement. Such a simple function control is particularly interesting and in many cases desirable on a steam turbine for industrial purposes, the power output of which is usually between approximately 1 MW and approximately 50 MW; In the case of such a steam turbine, the stress on the environment caused by a vane plume is generally maintained within acceptable limits.
Dichtungsanordnungen für Durchführungen von Wellen sind im Stand der Technik in vielfältigen Formen bekannt; insbeson¬ dere gibt es eine große Vielzahl von Ausführungsmöglichkeiten für die einzelnen Komponenten der Dichtungsanordnungen, ins- besondere die Dichtungen selbst. Dichtungsanordnungen zur An¬ wendung an Dampfturbinen gehen hervor aus der DE 26 43 484 AI und der DE 33 33 530 AI; auch verschiedene Ausführungsmög- lichkeiten für Komponenten der Dichtungsanordnungen sind in diesen Schriften beschrieben. Die EP 0 463 532 AI betrifft die Entsorgung von Dampf, welcher aus einer Dichtungsanord¬ nung austritt, wobei dieser Dampf in einer sogenannten "Wrasendampfkondensator-Anordnung" kondensiert wird. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt in dieser Schrift auf der Ausgestaltung des Wrasendampfkondensators selbst. Dieser ist insbesondere ausgelegt als druckloser Wärmetauscher, was bedeutet, daß in ihm die Kondensation des Wrasendampfes etwa bei normalem At¬ mosphärendruck erfolgt. Ein Entlassen von Wrasendampf in die Umgebung findet nicht -statt, sondern der Wrasendampf wird vollständig kondensiert.Sealing arrangements for the passage of shafts are known in various forms in the prior art; in particular, there is a large number of design options for the individual components of the sealing arrangements, in particular especially the seals themselves. Sealing arrangements for use on steam turbines can be found in DE 26 43 484 AI and DE 33 33 530 AI; Various design options for components of the sealing arrangements are also described in these documents. EP 0 463 532 A1 relates to the disposal of steam which emerges from a seal arrangement, this steam being condensed in a so-called "vapor condenser arrangement". The main focus in this document is on the design of the vapor condenser itself. This is designed in particular as a non-pressurized heat exchanger, which means that the vapor condensation takes place in it at about normal atmospheric pressure. A release of vapor into the environment does not take place, but the vapor is completely condensed.
Die GB-PS 1 267 548 betrifft ebenfalls eine Dichtungsanord¬ nung an einer Dampfturbine nach Art derjenigen, die in der EP 0 463 532 AI beschrieben ist. Die Dichtungsanordnung soll nicht nur für eine Durchführung einer rotierenden Welle, ins¬ besondere eine Abtriebswelle einer Dampfturbine, sondern auch für eine Durchführung einer entlang ihrer Achse verschiebba¬ ren und nicht notwendigerweise drehbaren Ventilspindel ver¬ wendbar sein. In diesem Sinne soll vorliegend der Begriff "Welle" so ausgelegt werden, daß er drehbare Wellen und ver¬ schiebbare Spindeln gleichermaßen umfaßt.GB-PS 1 267 548 also relates to a sealing arrangement on a steam turbine of the type described in EP 0 463 532 AI. The sealing arrangement should not only be usable for the passage of a rotating shaft, in particular an output shaft of a steam turbine, but also for the passage of a valve spindle which is displaceable along its axis and is not necessarily rotatable. In this sense, the term "shaft" is to be interpreted in the present case so that it encompasses rotatable shafts and displaceable spindles in equal measure.
Dichtungen für Dichtungsanordnungen der beschriebenen Art sind in Funktion und Auslegung beschrieben in dem Buch "Thermische Turbomaschinen" von W. Traupel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1977, Bd. 1, Kap. 10. Es sind insbesondere Dichtungen nach Art der Labyrinthdichtungen eingehend beschrieben; ande¬ re Dichtungen, namentlich Stopfbuchsendichtungen, insbeson¬ dere Stopfbuchsendichtungen mit Kohleringen, werden nur am Rande erwähnt und als unvorteilhaft für Dampfturbinen inSeals for sealing arrangements of the type described are described in function and design in the book "Thermal Turbomachinery" by W. Traupel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1977, Vol. 1, Chap. 10. Seals in particular of the type of the labyrinth seals are described in detail; other seals, in particular stuffing box seals, in particular stuffing box seals with carbon rings, are mentioned only in passing and are disadvantageous for steam turbines in
Kraftwerken bezeichnet. Diese Bemerkung bezieht sich jedoch offensichtlich nicht auf die Verwendung von Stopfbuchsen und/oder Kohleringen in Dichtungen für Dampfturbinen, die für industrielle Zwecke bestimmt sind; ausweislich der DE 26 43 484 AI und der DE 33 33 530 AI sind Kohleringdich¬ tungen in solchen Dampfturbinen sehr wohl üblich.Power plants. However, this remark obviously does not refer to the use of glands and / or carbon rings in seals for steam turbines intended for industrial purposes; according to DE 26 43 484 AI and DE 33 33 530 AI Kohleringdicht¬ seals are very common in such steam turbines.
An einer Dichtungsanordnung der eingangs beschriebenen Art tritt stets, wie bereits ausgeführt, eine gewisse Belastung der Umgebung mit Wrasendampf auf, welche unter Umständen spe¬ zielle Vorkehrungen zur Luftreinhaltung erforderlich machen kann. Darüber hinaus ist die Zuverlässigkeit einer Funktions¬ kontrolle anhand einer Wrasenfahne nur eingeschränkt, da kleinere Veränderungen nur schwer erkennbar sind. Die Funkti¬ onskontrolle muß sich daher im wesentlichen beschränken auf die Feststellung, ob ein Schaden an der Dichtungsanordnung bereits eingetreten ist oder nicht. Eine regelrechte Diagnose der Wellendichtungsanordnung mit dem Ziel, eine quantitative Aussage über die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Dichtungsanordnung zu erhalten und einen Schaden bereits im Stadium seiner An¬ bahnung zu erkennen, ist nicht möglich.A sealing arrangement of the type described in the introduction always has, as already stated, a certain load of vapors in the environment which, under certain circumstances, may require special precautions for air pollution control. In addition, the reliability of a function check based on a vapor flag is only limited, since minor changes are difficult to detect. The function check must therefore essentially be limited to determining whether damage to the sealing arrangement has already occurred or not. A correct diagnosis of the shaft seal arrangement with the aim of obtaining a quantitative statement about the functionality of the seal arrangement and recognizing damage already at the stage of its initiation is not possible.
Daher liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Dich¬ tungsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welche sowohl eine Einschränkung der Belastung der Umgebung als auch eine zuverlässige Diagnose, d.h. insbesondere eine zuverläs- sige Feststellung, daß sich ein Schaden anbahnt, erlaubt. Es soll auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Dichtungs¬ anordnung angegeben werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a sealing arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, which both restricts the load on the environment and provides reliable diagnosis, i.e. in particular, it allows a reliable determination that damage is in the offing. A method for operating such a sealing arrangement is also to be specified.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Dichtungsanordnung für eine Durchführung einer eine Achse habenden Welle durch ein feststehendes Gehäuse, welches einen mit einem Fluid beauf¬ schlagbaren Innenraum umschließt, aus dem die Welle austritt, mit einer die Welle umringenden, entlang der Achse beider¬ seits von Dichtungen benachbarten und durch eine der Dichtun- gen hindurch mit dem Fluid beaufschlagbaren Wrasenkammer, die zu der Umgebung hin offen ist, angegeben, bei der die Wrasen¬ kammer zusätzlich mit einer Saugeinrichtung verbunden ist. Mit der Saugeinrichtung ist es möglich, das Fluid aus der Wrasenkammer teilweise abzusaugen und damit eine Reduzierung der Belastung der Umgebung zu erreichen; darüber hinaus kann durch geeignete Auslegung und Einstellung der Saugeinrichtung erreicht werden, daß von dem insgesamt der Wrasenkammer zuge¬ stellten Fluid ein wohldefinierter, weitgehend konstanter An¬ teil abgesaugt wird, so daß Schwankungen in der Zustellung des Fluids durch die Dichtung sich allein auf den in die U - gebung entlassenen Rest auswirken. Somit können kleineTo achieve this object, a sealing arrangement for a shaft having an axis is passed through a fixed housing which encloses an interior to which a fluid can be applied, from which the shaft emerges, with a shaft surrounding the shaft on both sides of the shaft Seals adjacent and through which one of the seals can be acted upon by the fluid vapor chamber, which is open to the environment, in which the vapor chamber is additionally connected to a suction device. With the suction device, it is possible to partially extract the fluid from the vapor chamber and thus to reduce the pollution of the environment; In addition, a suitable design and adjustment of the suction device can ensure that a well-defined, largely constant portion is sucked off from the total fluid supplied to the vapor chamber, so that fluctuations in the delivery of the fluid through the seal depend solely on the in effect the dismissed rest. So small ones
Schwankungen im Zufluß des Fluids zu der Wrasenkammer große Schwankungen im Ausfluß des Fluids in die Umgebung bedingen, welche problemlos und mit einfachsten Mitteln, insbesondere durch bloßes Hinsehen, nachweisbar sind. Auf diese Weise ist eine empfindliche Kontrolle des Zuflusses des Fluids zu der Wrasenkammer, und damit eine empfindliche Kontrolle der Dichtwirkung, der Dichtungsanordnung möglich. Besonders be¬ vorzugt ist, daß die Wrasenkammer über ein Wrasenrohr mit der Umgebung verbunden und die Saugeinrichtung an das Wrasenrohr angeschlossen ist. So wird die Rückwirkung der Saugeinrich¬ tung auf eine Strömung des Fluids in den Dichtungen und in der Wrasenkammer gering gehalten und die Wirkungsweise der Dichtungsanordnung verbessert.Fluctuations in the inflow of the fluid to the vapor chamber cause large fluctuations in the outflow of the fluid into the environment, which can be detected easily and with the simplest means, in particular by just looking. In this way, a sensitive control of the inflow of the fluid to the vapor chamber, and thus a sensitive control of the sealing effect, of the sealing arrangement is possible. It is particularly preferred that the vapor chamber is connected to the environment via a vapor tube and the suction device is connected to the vapor tube. The reaction of the suction device to a flow of the fluid in the seals and in the vapor chamber is thus kept low and the mode of operation of the seal arrangement is improved.
Als Saugeinrichtung kommt insbesondere ein Strahler nach Art einer DampfStrahlpumpe in Betracht, in dem das Fluid, mit dem das Gehäuse beaufschlagt wird, als Treibmittel dient und vor¬ zugsweise aus dem Innenraum des Gehäuses zugeführt wird. Die solcherart ertüchtigte Dichtungsanordnung arbeitet weitgehend autark neben dem Gehäuse und der in dem Gehäuse untergebrach¬ ten Einrichtung, was ihre Betriebssicherheit wesentlich un¬ terstützt.Particularly suitable as a suction device is a radiator in the manner of a steam jet pump, in which the fluid with which the housing is acted on serves as a propellant and is preferably supplied from the interior of the housing. The sealing arrangement which has been strengthened in this way works largely independently alongside the housing and the device accommodated in the housing, which substantially supports its operational reliability.
Zur feinfühligen Einstellung des mit der Saugeinrichtung ge- bildeten Fließgleichgewichtes ist der .Saugeinrichtung bevor¬ zugtermaßen ein Stellventil vorgeschaltet, mit dem die Saug¬ wirkung einstellbar ist. Weiterhin bevorzugt ist in der Dichtungsanordnung zwischen der Wrasenkammer und dem Innenraum eine die Welle umringende, entlang der Achse beiderseits von Dichtungen benachbarte Sperrkammer angeordnet, welcher über eine zugehörige Zulei¬ tung Fluid zustellbar ist. Im vorliegenden Rahmen kann eine solche Sperrkammer mehrere Funktionen erfüllen: Sie kann dazu dienen, vor der Wrasenkammer unabhängig von den Verhältnissen im Innenraum definierte thermodynamische Verhältnisse, insbe- sondere einen definierten Druck, bereitzustellen, um eine weitgehend betriebsunabhängige Beaufschlagung der zur Wrasen¬ kammer führenden Dichtung sicherzustellen. Außerdem und gege¬ benenfalls zusätzlich kann durch entsprechende Einstellung des Drucks in der Sperrkammer sichergestellt werden, daß ein Eindringen von Luft in den Innenraum verhindert wird; hierzu ist in der Sperrkammer ein entsprechender Überdruck einzu¬ stellen. Die zur Sperrkammer gehörige Zuleitung ist vorteil- hafterweise an den Innenraum angeschlossen, insbesondere an einen Bereich des Innenraums, in dem ein für die Sperrkammer angemessener Druck herrscht. Es sei bemerkt, daß im Innenraum des Gehäuses einer arbeitenden Dampfturbine stets ein Druck¬ gefälle herrscht, bedingt durch die Entspannung des Dampfes entlang der Turbine. Entsprechend der jeweiligen Vorgabe ist ein Anschluß der Zuleitung am Einlaß, Auslaß oder an einer Anzapfung der Dampfturbine möglich.For the sensitive adjustment of the flow equilibrium formed with the suction device, the suction device is preferably preceded by a control valve with which the suction effect can be adjusted. Furthermore, a sealing chamber, which surrounds the shaft and is adjacent to the seals on both sides along the axis, is preferably arranged in the sealing arrangement between the vapor chamber and the fluid and can be delivered via an associated feed line. In the present context, such a barrier chamber can fulfill several functions: it can serve to provide defined thermodynamic conditions, in particular a defined pressure, in front of the vapor chamber, regardless of the conditions in the interior, in order to act largely independently of the seal leading to the vapor chamber ensure. In addition and, if necessary, in addition, it can be ensured by appropriate adjustment of the pressure in the barrier chamber that air does not penetrate into the interior; For this purpose, a corresponding overpressure must be set in the blocking chamber. The supply line belonging to the barrier chamber is advantageously connected to the interior, in particular to a region of the interior in which there is a pressure appropriate for the barrier chamber. It should be noted that there is always a pressure drop in the interior of the housing of a working steam turbine, due to the expansion of the steam along the turbine. According to the respective specification, a connection of the feed line to the inlet, outlet or to a tap of the steam turbine is possible.
Besonders bevorzugt ist, insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer soeben beschriebenen Sperrkammer, zwischen der Wrasenkammer und dem Innenraum eine die Welle umringende, entlang der Achse beiderseits von Dichtungen benachbarte Leckagekammer vorgesehen, von welcher über eine zugehörige Ableitung Fluid abführbar ist. Diese Ableitung kann insbesondere an einen Leckagekondensator angeschlossen sein, in dem das abgeführte Fluid kondensiert wird. Dieser Leckagekondensator ist vor- zugsweise ausgelegt zur Kondensation des Fluids bei einemIt is particularly preferred, in particular in connection with a barrier chamber just described, to provide a leakage chamber which surrounds the shaft and is adjacent to the shaft on both sides of seals between the vapor chamber and the interior and from which fluid can be removed via an associated discharge line. This discharge line can in particular be connected to a leakage condenser in which the discharged fluid is condensed. This leakage condenser is preferably designed for condensing the fluid in a
Druck, der dem normalen Atmosphärendruck in etwa entspricht. Die Leckagekammer ist einsetzbar zur Bildung eines definier- ten Druckgefälles entlang der Dichtungsanordnung, indem in der Leckagekammer ein vorgegebener, den Anforderungen ent¬ sprechender Druck aufrechterhalten wird. Darüber hinaus kann durch Einstellen des Drucks in der Leckagekammer der Strom des Fluides, der zu der Wrasenkammer gelangt, beeinflußt wer¬ den. Dies ist insbesondere von Bedeutung, wenn die Dichtungs¬ anordnung aus dem Innenraum des Gehäuses mit einem sehr hohen Druck beaufschlagt wird, was beispielsweise im Bereich der Einströmung einer Dampfturbine der Fall sein kann.Pressure that approximately corresponds to normal atmospheric pressure. The leakage chamber can be used to form a defined th pressure gradient along the sealing arrangement, in that a predetermined pressure corresponding to the requirements is maintained in the leakage chamber. In addition, the flow of the fluid that reaches the vapor chamber can be influenced by adjusting the pressure in the leakage chamber. This is particularly important if the sealing arrangement is subjected to a very high pressure from the interior of the housing, which can be the case, for example, in the area of the inflow of a steam turbine.
Mit besonderem Vorzug ist Dichtungsanordnung ausgestaltet zur gleichzeitigen Abdichtung zweier Durchführungen, wobei jede Durchführung eine mit der Saugeinrichtung verbundene Wrasen¬ kammer aufweist. Auf diese Weise kann mit einfachen Mitteln eine besonders gute Dichtwirkung an jeder Durchführung si¬ chergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise befindet sich zwischen je¬ der Wrasenkammer und der Saugeinrichtung ein jeweiliges Stellventil, um somit für jede Wrasenkammer eine individuelle Einstellung der Saugwirkung zu ermöglichen; hierdurch können insbesondere Unterschiede in der Beaufschlagung der Durchfüh¬ rungen aus dem Innenraum heraus ausgeglichen werden. Auch fertigungstechnisch bestimmte funktioneile Differenzen sind ausgleichbar. Größere funktioneile Differenzen werden vor¬ zugsweise ausgeglichen mittels entsprechender Sperr- und/oder Leckagekammern.The sealing arrangement is particularly preferably designed for the simultaneous sealing of two bushings, each bushing having a vapor chamber connected to the suction device. In this way, a particularly good sealing effect can be ensured on each bushing using simple means. A respective control valve is preferably located between each vapor chamber and the suction device, in order thus to enable the suction effect to be set individually for each vapor chamber; in this way, in particular, differences in the loading of the bushings from the interior can be compensated for. Functional differences determined in terms of production technology can also be compensated for. Larger functional differences are preferably compensated for by means of appropriate blocking and / or leakage chambers.
Der Betrieb einer Dichtungsanordnung jedweder Ausgestaltung, wobei das Gehäuse mit dem Fluid beaufschlagt wird und der Wrasenkammer durch zumindest eine der Dichtungen das Fluid zufließt, erfolgt erfindungsgemäß dergestalt, daß das Fluid aus der Wrasenkammer bis auf einen Rest, der in die Umgebung abgeführt wird, abgesaugt wird. Hierbei wird günstigerweise von dem insgesamt in die Wrasenkammer eingeströmten Fluid ein vorgegebener konstanter Anteil abgesaugt, so daß sich die Schwankungen in dem die Wrasenkammer beaufschlagenden Strom des Fluids hauptsächlich dem in die Umgebung entlassenen Rest, und damit der Wrasenfahne, mitteilen. Dieser Rest, der bei Veränderungen in der Dichtungsanordnung stark schwanken kann, ist einfachen Inspektionsmaßnahmen zugänglich und bie¬ tet eine hervorragende Möglichkeit zur Funktionskontrolle. Er ist auch in seiner Menge beschränkt, so daß er allenfalls in geringfügigem Maße die Umgebung belastet.The operation of a sealing arrangement of any configuration, the fluid being applied to the housing and the fluid flowing into the vapor chamber through at least one of the seals, is carried out according to the invention in such a way that the fluid is sucked out of the vapor chamber except for a remainder which is discharged into the environment becomes. In this case, a predetermined constant proportion is expediently sucked off from the fluid that has flowed into the vapor chamber, so that the fluctuations in the flow of fluid acting on the vapor chamber are mainly communicated to the rest released into the environment, and thus to the vapor tail. This rest, the can vary greatly in the event of changes in the sealing arrangement, simple inspection measures are accessible and offers an excellent possibility for function control. It is also limited in its quantity, so that it pollutes the environment to a small extent at most.
Besonders geeignet ist die Dichtungsanordnung jedweder Ausge¬ staltung zur Anwendung in einem Fall, in dem das Fluid ein Dampf, vorzugsweise Wasserdampf, ist. Vor allem in dem Fall, in dem das Fluid Wasserdampf ist, macht sich der aus derThe sealing arrangement of any configuration is particularly suitable for use in a case in which the fluid is a vapor, preferably water vapor. Especially in the case where the fluid is water vapor, it makes a difference
Dichtungsanordnung austretende Rest bemerkbar als Nebelwolke, die als "Wrasenfahne" bezeichnet wird. Diese ist unmittelbar der visuellen Überwachung zugänglich; eine Größenveränderung der Nebelwolke ist ein unmittelbares Anzeichen für eine, mög- licherweise nachteilige, Veränderung innerhalb der Dichtungs¬ anordnung.Sealing arrangement emerging rest noticeable as a cloud of fog, which is referred to as "vapor plume". This is immediately accessible for visual monitoring; a change in the size of the cloud of fog is a direct indication of a, possibly disadvantageous, change within the sealing arrangement.
Besonders wichtig ist die Anwendung der Dichtungsanordnung jedweder Ausgestaltung an einer Dampfturbine, welche von dem Gehäuse umschlossen ist und die Welle in Rotation versetzt.It is particularly important to use the sealing arrangement of any configuration on a steam turbine, which is enclosed by the housing and sets the shaft in rotation.
Speziell an einer Dampfturbine für einen industriellen Zweck, bei der die Welle vielfach eine sehr hohe Rotationsfrequenz erreicht, ist die Überwachung der entsprechend hoch bean¬ spruchten Dichtungsanordnung von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Zusammenhang von großer Bedeutung ist auch, daß die erfin¬ dungsgemäße Dichtungsanordnung mit sehr wenig apparativem Aufwand auskommt und insbesondere keine aufwendige Apparatur für diagnostische Zwecke erfordert; damit kommt die Erfindung den im Zusammenhang mit Dampfturbinen für industrielle Zwecke üblichen Preisvorstellungen sehr entgegen.Particularly on a steam turbine for an industrial purpose, in which the shaft often reaches a very high rotational frequency, the monitoring of the sealing arrangement which is subject to high stress is of great importance. In this context, it is also of great importance that the sealing arrangement according to the invention requires very little equipment and, in particular, does not require any complex apparatus for diagnostic purposes; the invention thus very much complies with the price expectations customary in connection with steam turbines for industrial purposes.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich.An embodiment of the invention can be seen from the drawing.
Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt in schematischer Dar¬ stellung eine Dampfturbine 16, welche sich im Innenraum 5 ei¬ nes Gehäuses 4 befindet. Durch eine Zudampfleitung 21 wird der Dampfturbine 16 Dampf zugeführt, und der in der Dampftur¬ bine 16 entspannte Dampf wird durch eine Abdampfleitung 22 abgeführt. Durch die Entspannung des Dampfes setzt die Dampf¬ turbine 16 die Welle 3 in Rotation um ihre Achse 2. An zwei Durchführungen 1 ist die Welle 3 aus dem Gehäuse 4 herausge¬ führt. Zur Erläuterung bestimmter Merkmale wird nunmehr auf beide Durchführungen 1 gemeinsam Bezug genommen. In jede Durchführung 1 einbezogen ist eine Wrasenkammer 7, welche die Welle 3 umringt und entlang der Achse 2 von jeweils zwei Dichtungen 6 benachbart ist. Dieser Wrasenkammer 7 fließt entlang der Welle 3 Dampf zu und wird jeweils durch ein Wra¬ senrohr 9 abgeführt. Aus dem Wrasenrohr 9 gelangt der Dampf in die Umgebung, wo er kondensiert und als Nebel, als soge¬ nannte "Wrasenfahne", sichtbar wird. An jedes Wrasenrohr 9 angeschlossen ist eine Saugleitung 17, die zu einer Saugein¬ richtung 8, nämlich einem Strahler, führt. Mit diesem Strah¬ ler 8 wird aus dem Wrasenrohr 9 ein Teil des Dampfes abge¬ saugt. Neben der Reduzierung der Belastung der Umgebung wird dadurch ein sehr empfindlicher Indikator für den Zustand der Durchführung 1 gebildet, denn selbst eine kleine Schwankung im Zufluß des Dampfes zu der Wrasenkammer 7 wird als merkli¬ che Größenveränderung der Wrasenfahne unmittelbar sichtbar. Somit kann eine Funktionsstörung der Dichtungen 6 frühzeitig, womöglich bevor sie sich zu einem regelrechten Schaden ent- wickelt, erkannt werden. In jede Saugleitung 17 einbezogen ist ein Stellventil 10, um den Anteil des aus dem Wrasenrohr 9 abgesaugten Dampfes feinfühlig regulieren zu können. Als Vereinfachung ist, insbesondere bei nicht all zu hohen Anfor¬ derungen an die Dichtanordnung und ihre Überwachbarkeit, ein Ersatz des Stellventils 10 durch eine fest eingestellte Dros¬ sel, z.B. eine Blende, möglich.The only figure in the drawing shows a schematic representation of a steam turbine 16, which is located in the interior 5 of a housing 4. Through a steam line 21 steam is supplied to the steam turbine 16, and the steam expanded in the steam turbine 16 is discharged through an exhaust steam line 22. Due to the expansion of the steam, the steam turbine 16 sets the shaft 3 in rotation about its axis 2. The shaft 3 is led out of the housing 4 at two bushings 1. To explain certain features, reference is now made to both bushings 1 together. Included in each bushing 1 is a vapor chamber 7, which surrounds the shaft 3 and is adjacent along the axis 2 by two seals 6 each. Steam flows to this vapor chamber 7 along the shaft 3 and is in each case discharged through a waste pipe 9. From the vapor tube 9, the steam reaches the surroundings, where it condenses and becomes visible as a mist, the so-called "vapor flag". A suction line 17 is connected to each vapor tube 9 and leads to a suction device 8, namely a radiator. With this radiator 8, part of the steam is sucked out of the vapor tube 9. In addition to reducing the load on the environment, a very sensitive indicator of the condition of the bushing 1 is formed, because even a small fluctuation in the inflow of steam to the vapor chamber 7 is immediately visible as a noticeable change in the size of the vapor plume. A malfunction of the seals 6 can thus be detected early, possibly before they develop into real damage. A control valve 10 is included in each suction line 17 in order to be able to regulate the proportion of the vapor extracted from the vapor tube 9 with great care. As a simplification, it is possible to replace the control valve 10 with a fixed throttle, for example an orifice plate, particularly when the sealing arrangement and its monitoring requirements are not too high.
Zwischen jeder Wrasenkammer 7 und dem Innenraum 5 ist in die Durchführung 1 eine Leckagekammer 13 integriert, welche gleichfalls die Welle 3 umringt und entlang dieser von Dich¬ tungen 6 benachbart ist. Dampf, der entlang der Welle 3 durch diese Dichtungen 6 hindurch in die Leckagekammer 13 gelangt, wird teilweise durch eine zugehörige Ableitung 14 ab- und ei¬ nem Leckagekondensator 15 zugeführt. Durch Wahl des Dampf¬ drucks in dem Leckagekondensator 15 kann der Dampfdruck in der Leckagekammer 13 festgelegt werden; hierüber ist insbe- sondere eine Einstellung des Zuflusses zu der Wrasenkammer 7 möglich. Die Notwendigkeit für Sperrkammern 13 und den Lecka¬ gekondensator 15 ist nicht immer gegeben. Insbesondere dann, wenn der Dampfdruck in dem Gehäuse 4 relativ gering bleibt, kann auf einen Leckagekondensator 15 verzichtet werden; gege- benenfalls wäre dann Dampf aus einer wahlweise vorhandenen Leckagekammer 13 durch die Abdampfleitung 22 abzuführen.Between each vapor chamber 7 and the interior 5, a leakage chamber 13 is integrated in the leadthrough 1, which likewise surrounds the shaft 3 and is adjacent to it by seals 6. Steam that enters the leakage chamber 13 along the shaft 3 through these seals 6 is partially discharged through an associated discharge line 14 and supplied to a leakage condenser 15. By selecting the vapor pressure in the leakage condenser 15, the vapor pressure in the leakage chamber 13 can be determined; in particular an adjustment of the inflow to the vapor chamber 7 is possible. The need for barrier chambers 13 and the leakage condenser 15 is not always given. In particular, if the vapor pressure in the housing 4 remains relatively low, a leakage condenser 15 can be dispensed with; if necessary, steam would then have to be removed from an optionally available leakage chamber 13 through the exhaust steam line 22.
Die linke Durchführung 1 ist in der Nähe der Zudampfleitung 21 an das Gehäuse 4 angeschlossen, so daß diese Durchführung 1 aus dem Innenraum 5 beaufschlagt wird mit Dampf, der unter sehr hohem Druck steht. Um diesen Druck zumindest teilweise zu kompensieren, ist, ausgehend vom Innenraum 5, hinter einer Dichtung 6 eine die Welle 3 umringende Sperrkammer 11 vorge¬ sehen, die über eine Zuleitung 12 mit der Abdampfleitung 22, und damit mit einem Bereich im Innenraum 5, der unter relativ geringem Druck steht, verbunden ist. Hierdurch wird die Bela¬ stung der weiteren Komponenten der linken Durchführung 1, na¬ mentlich der Leckagekammer 13 und der Wrasenkammer 7, redu¬ ziert und zumindest teilweise angeglichen an die Belastung der Komponenten der rechten Durchführung 1, die in der Nähe der Abdampfleitung 22 an das Gehäuse 4 angeschlossen ist und dementsprechend wesentlich geringer belastet wird. Aus diesem Grunde ist bei der rechten Durchführung 1 keine Sperrkammer vorgesehen.The left bushing 1 is connected to the housing 4 in the vicinity of the feed line 21, so that this bushing 1 is acted upon from the interior 5 with steam which is under very high pressure. In order to at least partially compensate for this pressure, starting from the interior 5, a sealing chamber 11 surrounding the shaft 3 is provided behind a seal 6 and communicates with the exhaust line 22 via a feed line 12, and thus with an area in the interior 5 is under relatively low pressure, is connected. As a result, the load on the other components of the left bushing 1, namely the leakage chamber 13 and the vapor chamber 7, is reduced and at least partially matched to the load on the components of the right bushing 1, which is in the vicinity of the steam line 22 the housing 4 is connected and is accordingly loaded much less. For this reason, no barrier chamber is provided in the right bushing 1.
Der Strahler 8, der über Saugleitungen 17 Dampf aus den Wra- senrohren 9 absaugt, wird betrieben mit Dampf, der dem Innen¬ raum 5 über einen Teil der Abdampfleitung 22 und der Zulei¬ tung 12 entnommen wird. Dies ist im dargestellten Beispiel vorgesehen unter der Annahme, daß die Dampfturbine 16 eine sogenannte Gegendruck-Turbine ist, aus der der Dampf unter einem relativ hohen Druck entlassen wird. Solche Gegendruck- Dampfturbinen werden in der Industrie vielfach eingesetzt. Ist in einem anderen Fall der Druck in der Abdampfleitung 22 nicht hoch genug je nach Auslegung der Dampfturbine 16, so kann Dampf für den Strahler 8 an einer anderen Stelle, insbe- sondere vom Einlaß oder einer Anzapfung der Dampfturbine 16, entnommen werden. Über eine Treibmittelleitung 18 und ein Stellventil 19 gelangt der als Treibmittel dienende Dampf zum Strahler 8, wo er den aus den Wrasenrohren 9 gesaugten Dampf aufnimmt und von wo er durch eine Ableitung 20 abgeführt wird; diese Ableitung führt im dargestellten Fall zum Lecka¬ gekondensator 15.The radiator 8, which sucks steam out of the waste pipes 9 via suction lines 17, is operated with steam which is removed from the interior 5 via part of the exhaust steam line 22 and the feed line 12. This is provided in the example shown on the assumption that the steam turbine 16 is a so-called back pressure turbine from which the steam is released under a relatively high pressure. Such back pressure Steam turbines are widely used in industry. If, in another case, the pressure in the exhaust steam line 22 is not high enough, depending on the design of the steam turbine 16, steam for the radiator 8 can be removed at another location, in particular from the inlet or a tap of the steam turbine 16. Via a propellant line 18 and a control valve 19, the steam serving as the propellant reaches the radiator 8, where it receives the steam sucked out of the vapor pipes 9 and from where it is discharged through a discharge line 20; in the case shown, this derivation leads to the leakage condenser 15.
Die beschriebene Dichtungsanordnung ermöglicht eine einfache Funktionskontrolle einer Durchführung einer Welle und gestat- tet darüber hinaus eine deutliche Verringerung der Belastung ihrer Umgebung. Sie ist besonders qualifiziert zur Anwendung an einer Dampfturbine, insbesondere an einer Dampfturbine für einen industriellen Zweck mit einer Leistungsabgabe zwischen etwa 1 MW und 40 MW. The described sealing arrangement enables a simple function check of a shaft to be carried out and also allows a significant reduction in the load on its surroundings. It is particularly qualified for use on a steam turbine, in particular on a steam turbine for an industrial purpose with a power output between approximately 1 MW and 40 MW.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Dichtungsanordnung für eine Durchführung (1) einer eine1. Sealing arrangement for an implementation (1) a one
Achse (2) habenden Welle (3) durch ein feststehendes Gehäuse (4) , welches einen mit einem Fluid beaufschlagbaren InnenraumAxle (2) having shaft (3) through a fixed housing (4) which has an interior to which a fluid can be applied
(5) umschließt, aus dem die Welle (3) austritt, mit einer die(5), from which the shaft (3) emerges, with a
Welle (3) umringenden, entlang der Achse (2) beiderseits vonShaft (3) encircling, along the axis (2) on both sides of
Dichtungen (6) benachbarten und durch zumindest eine derSeals (6) adjacent and by at least one of the
Dichtungen (6) hindurch mit dem Fluid beaufschlagbaren Wra- senkammer (7), die zu der Umgebung hin offen ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Wra¬ senkammer (7) zusätzlich mit einer Saugeinrichtung (8) ver¬ bunden ist.Seals (6) through which the fluid chamber (7) can be applied, which is open to the environment, so that the chamber (7) is additionally connected to a suction device (8).
2. Dichtungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Wrasenkam¬ mer (7) über ein Wrasenrohr (9) mit der Umgebung verbunden und die Saugeinrichtung (8) an das Wrasenrohr (9) angeschlos¬ sen ist.2. Sealing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the Wrasenkam¬ mer (7) via a vapor tube (9) connected to the environment and the suction device (8) to the vapor tube (9) is ruled out.
3. Dichtungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Saugeinrichtung (8) ein Strahler (8) ist, welcher zur Zustel¬ lung von als Treibmittel dienendem Fluid mit dem Innenraum (5) verbunden ist.3. Sealing arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, in which the suction device (8) is a radiator (8) which is connected to the interior (5) for the delivery of fluid serving as a propellant.
4. Dichtungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü¬ che, bei der zwischen der Saugeinrichtung (8) und der Wrasen¬ kammer (7) ein Stellventil (10) eingesetzt ist.4. Sealing arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, in which a control valve (10) is inserted between the suction device (8) and the vapor chamber (7).
5. Dichtungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü- ehe, bei der zwischen der Wrasenkammer (7) und dem Innenraum (5) eine die Welle (3) umringende, entlang der Achse (2) bei¬ derseits von Dichtungen (6) benachbarte Sperrkammer (11) an¬ geordnet ist, welcher über eine zugehörige Zuleitung (12) Fluid zustellbar ist.5. Sealing arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, in which, between the vapor chamber (7) and the interior (5), a blocking chamber (2) surrounding the shaft (3) and adjacent to the seals (6) along the axis (2) 11) is arranged, which can be supplied with fluid via an associated feed line (12).
6. Dichtungsanordnung nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Zuleitung (12) an den Innenraum (5) angeschlossen ist. 6. Sealing arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the feed line (12) is connected to the interior (5).
7. Dichtungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü¬ che, bei der zwischen der Wrasenkammer (7) und dem Innenraum (5) eine die Welle (3) umringende, entlang der Achse (2) bei¬ derseits von Dichtungen (6) benachbarte Leckagekammer (13) angeordnet ist, von welcher über eine zugehörige Ableitung (14) Fluid abführbar ist.7. Sealing arrangement according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, in which between the vapor chamber (7) and the interior (5) a shaft (3) encircling adjacent along the axis (2) at ¬ derseits of seals (6) leakage chamber ( 13) is arranged, from which fluid can be discharged via an associated discharge line (14).
8. Dichtungsanordnung nach Anspruch 7, bei der die Ableitung (14) an einen Leckagekondensator (15) angeschlossen ist.8. A sealing arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the derivative (14) is connected to a leakage capacitor (15).
9. Dichtungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü¬ che, bei der die Welle (3) zwei Durchführungen (1) durch das Gehäuse (4) hat, deren jede eine mit der Saugeinrichtung (8) verbundene Wrasenkammer (7) aufweist.9. Sealing arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, in which the shaft (3) has two passages (1) through the housing (4), each of which has a vapor chamber (7) connected to the suction device (8).
10. Dichtungsanordnung nach Anspruch 9, bei der der Saugein¬ richtung (8) vor jeder Wrasenkammer (7) ein jeweiliges Stell¬ ventil (10) vorgeschaltet ist.10. Sealing arrangement according to claim 9, in which the suction device (8) upstream of each vapor chamber (7) has a respective control valve (10).
11. Dichtungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü¬ che, bei der das Gehäuse (4) eine Dampfturbine (16) um¬ schließt, durch die die Welle (3) in Rotation versetzbar ist.11. Sealing arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, in which the housing (4) encloses a steam turbine (16) through which the shaft (3) can be set in rotation.
12. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Dichtungsanordnung für eine Durchführung (1) einer eine Achse (2) habenden Welle (3) durch ein feststehendes Gehäuse (4) , welches einen mit einem Fluid beaufschlagten Innenraum (5) umschließt, aus dem die Welle (3) austritt, mit einer die Welle (3) umringenden, ent¬ lang der Achse (2) beiderseits von Dichtungen (6) benachbar- ten und durch zumindest eine der Dichtungen (6) hindurch mit dem Fluid beaufschlagten Wrasenkammer (7), die zu der Umge¬ bung hin offen und zusätzlich mit einer Saugeinrichtung (8) verbunden ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Fluid aus der Wrasenkammer (7) bis auf einen Rest, der in die Umge¬ bung abgeführt wird, mittels der Saugeinrichtung (8) abge¬ saugt wird. 12. Method for operating a sealing arrangement for a passage (1) of an axle (2) having a shaft (3) through a fixed housing (4) which encloses an interior (5) which is acted upon by a fluid and from which the shaft (3 ) emerges with a vapor chamber (7) surrounding the shaft (3), along the axis (2) on both sides of seals (6) and through which at least one of the seals (6) is pressurized with the fluid open to the environment and additionally connected to a suction device (8), characterized in that the fluid from the vapor chamber (7) is removed by means of the suction device (8) except for a remainder which is discharged into the environment sucks.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Fluid ein Dampf, vorzugsweise Wasserdampf, ist.13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the fluid is a vapor, preferably water vapor.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei die Welle (3) rotiert. 14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the shaft (3) rotates.
EP94912461A 1993-04-27 1994-04-15 Sealing arrangement for a shaft duct through a housing and process for operating the same Expired - Lifetime EP0696336B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4313805 1993-04-27
DE4313805A DE4313805A1 (en) 1993-04-27 1993-04-27 Sealing arrangement for at least one passage of a shaft through a housing
PCT/DE1994/000421 WO1994025738A1 (en) 1993-04-27 1994-04-15 Sealing arrangement for a shaft duct through a housing and process for operating the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0696336A1 true EP0696336A1 (en) 1996-02-14
EP0696336B1 EP0696336B1 (en) 1997-07-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94912461A Expired - Lifetime EP0696336B1 (en) 1993-04-27 1994-04-15 Sealing arrangement for a shaft duct through a housing and process for operating the same

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US (1) US5632492A (en)
EP (1) EP0696336B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3573748B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1054179C (en)
BR (1) BR9406436A (en)
CZ (1) CZ286496B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4313805A1 (en)
PL (1) PL174278B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2117769C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994025738A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0696336B1 (en) 1997-07-02
CN1121740A (en) 1996-05-01
US5632492A (en) 1997-05-27
RU2117769C1 (en) 1998-08-20
WO1994025738A1 (en) 1994-11-10
DE4313805A1 (en) 1994-11-03
PL311223A1 (en) 1996-02-05
BR9406436A (en) 1996-01-09
JPH08510307A (en) 1996-10-29
JP3573748B2 (en) 2004-10-06
CZ255295A3 (en) 1996-01-17
DE59403257D1 (en) 1997-08-07
PL174278B1 (en) 1998-07-31
CZ286496B6 (en) 2000-04-12
CN1054179C (en) 2000-07-05

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