EP1002184B1 - Housing for a fan, pump or compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

In a machine having a shaft with a shaft axis, an outer region, and a shaft seal, a component is provided for the shaft seal. The component has a cast part formed of a first metallic material directed along the shaft axis and has an inner wall shaped, at least in regions, in a circumferential direction relative to the shaft axis, and an outer wall directed towards the outer region. A fluid guide is disposed and formed in the cast part and runs in the circumferential direction, at least in regions, and opens into the inner wall. At least one fluid conduit formed of a second metallic material fluidically connects the inner wall to the outer region. The fluid conduit is also fluidically connected to the fluid guide.

Description

The invention relates to a component, in particular for a Shaft seal of a fluid machine, from a cast first metallic material. The component is along one Directed shaft axis and has one at least in some areas inner wall formed in the circumferential direction to the shaft axis, an outer wall facing an outer area and one Fluid line from a second metallic material.

WO 97/04218 A1 describes a component for an evaporation nozzle a turbomachine, in particular a steam turbine, and for a bearing arranged in the exhaust pipe Flow machine described. The component is cast in one piece and has a nozzle part and / or a bearing part for Inclusion of the bearing and a support arrangement with at least a support arm. The component has a pipeline, which through a nozzle part, a support arm and a bearing part and is cast into the component. The component consists of a cast iron material, preferably one Nodular cast iron. The pipeline is preferably made of steel manufactured. The pipeline described can be a simple pipeline from a single pipe or an insulating one Pipe in a support arm made of an outer tube and laid in the outer tube and insulated against this inner tube consist. An insulating pipeline is used for the supply of a hot fluid to a shaft seal or for discharge of a hot fluid from a shaft seal. Such one hot fluid is e.g. Vapor coming into the camp for sealing purposes is supplied, or vapor, i.e. steam, which leaks out of the bearing, possibly through air and / or oil vapor is contaminated and must be removed. With the design of the component according to WO 97/04218 A1 becomes the target direction pursued to provide a component with the least possible effort, which with regard to the supply of the Storage necessary supply and discharge lines the available space takes advantage of the flow of fluid as much as possible to affect the turbomachine as little as possible. In U.S. Patent 5,392,605 there is a method and a Device for reducing the pressure of a high Pressure of flammable gas. The device has a seal for a shaft, in which Seal provided an annular groove connected to the environment through which the combustible gas can be removed. Still is a space is connected to the seal surrounding the shaft, in the air or an inert gas can be supplied.

In DE-OS 18 17 012 a shaft seal arrangement for a machine working with an elastic fluid with a Plurality of gap seals specified. The shaft seal has a supply of sealing steam, which on one in front of the usual throttle and shut-off valves removed for a high pressure steam turbine can be.

The object of the invention is to provide a component, in particular for to specify a shaft seal of a turbomachine by which passes fluid from an outer area to an inner wall or vice versa.

According to the invention, the task for an initially mentioned Component solved in that at least one in the first material fluid guidance extending in regions in the circumferential direction is provided, which is open to the inner wall and is fluidly connected to the fluid line and wherein the fluid line fluidically with the inner wall connects the outside area. The fluid line is preferred poured into the first material.

The fluid flow can be through several openings or in particular a slot connected to the inner wall in particular, it can itself be slit or groove-shaped, for example as an annular chamber. The Fluid guidance is preferably mechanical, for example by milling, turning or eroding and, if necessary by chemical means, for example by etching, in which generated the first material. With at least some areas provided in the circumferential direction fluid guide, which a establishes fluidic connection with the inner wall, part of an annular chamber is formed in a simple manner, the one with the outside area for an inlet or outlet communicated by fluid. The guided in the circumferential direction Fluid guidance preferably forms a half ring, whereby through Assembling two components surrounding a shaft is a complete one ring surrounding the shaft is formed.

By mechanical or chemical production of the fluid guide In the first material, the fluid flow becomes fluid directly connected to a cast-in fluid line. The fluid line can therefore be geometrically simple and be made in one piece without welded connections. The danger a possible penetration of casting material when pouring the fluid line in the first metallic material in the fluid line is made using a fluid line, especially a pipe that has no welds, kept low. By using the fluid guide can suitably bent fluid lines, especially pipes, which only serve the inflow and outflow, and without Welds are made, are used. Depending on required flow cross section can be one or two or more fluid lines are used. The fluidic Connection to the fluid lines is made after the casting of the first metallic material immediately by producing the fluid guide.

The fluid line preferably protrudes from the outer wall the outside area. By protruding from the outer wall is an easy way to create that Fluid line outside the component to a supply line or Connect drainage system for a fluid. The second For this purpose, the material is preferably easy to weld, in particular a steel so that by welding the fluid line on a drainage or supply system makes a tight connection easy can be produced. The fluid line can be outside the component also a flange or the like for a tight connection exhibit. This results in considerable cost savings, in particular due to the elimination of mechanical processing for pipeline connections, since the cast in Fluid line, e.g. in the form of a tube, directly welded on can be. By pouring the fluid line from the second metallic material in the first metallic Material from essentially a spheroidal cast (also referred to as spheroidal cast iron) is the supply of Fluid from the outside to the inside wall and vice versa easy to manufacture. In particular, this raises the problem of welding pipelines to spheroidal cast iron with Part of insufficient strength avoided. Under spherical casting here understood a cast iron material that is in the solid Condition is characterized by approximately spherical graphite deposits in a metallic matrix. It is different with it from ordinary cast iron, which flake-shaped excretions of graphite. Spherical cast iron stands out among other things by its good castability. Spheroidal cast iron can be machined with little effort, so that Contact surfaces of a component with other components with a specified dimensional accuracy are executable. The second in the material to be cast in is preferred a steel, i.e. an iron material that is opposed to one Cast iron material due to a significantly lower content of Carbon and the associated higher ductility and has a much higher melting point. In general, steel only melts at around 200 ° C higher temperature than a cast iron material. This means, that a steel pipe does not melt when poured into a component will, i.e. into the one intended for casting the component Mold installed and with the liquid cast iron material is cast around. A possibly impaired form stability due to the quite high temperature of the pipe exposed can be countered by the fact that the pipe with sand or another suitable filler, in particular a filler that can be melted later. ever Depending on the application of the component, the Determination of the intended use of the cast iron material and steel Elements are alloyed. Comes as weldable steel for example, a steel known as ST37.

The fluid line (the line segment) and / or the fluid guide are / is preferably a tube and more preferred a wall thickness of over 5 mm, in particular between 8 mm and 12 mm. Before pouring the fluid line into the component it ridges or similar ridges on its outer surface which, when in contact with the hot molten Melt or melt cast iron material and thereby a good one Connection and sealing of the fluid line with the cast one ensure the first material. The ribs can, for example have a height of 20 mm.

The component is preferably part of a half-shell Turbine housing, in particular an outer housing Steam turbine. After assembling the turbine casing surrounds the component is a turbine shaft in the area of a shaft seal, preferably comprising a fluid line system the fluid guide and the fluid line of the removal of Vapor vapor and another supply fluid line system of sealing steam. In the fluid line system for delivery Barrier steam has a pressure of approximately 1.05 bar (a slight overpressure) and in the fluid line system for suction a small negative pressure of about 1.0 bar set. This is a tightness of the shaft seal as well as the extraction of vapor from the steam.

The fluid line is preferably a simple pipeline to transport a fluid. This fluid can have a temperature have, which with the temperature one through the fluid machine flowing fluid roughly matches, so that due to temperature differences of the fluids at best low thermal stresses can be expected.

A is preferably for a component mentioned at the beginning Fluid line system with a fluid guide and a fluid line, the latter also referred to as a line segment is that the inner wall fluidically with the Connects outer wall, the fluid guide at least in some areas is directed in the circumferential direction and for production a fluidic connection with the inner wall has at least one opening, in particular a slot.

The slot is preferably made mechanically after casting manufactured, e.g. by turning or circular milling. The Fluid guidance is preferably designed as a tube. she is preferably formed by a material from the first Material is different and depending on the requirement with the second material for the fluid line can match. The fluid guide is preferably in the first material cast.

A circumferentially extending fluid guide, which a fluidic connection with the inner wall manufactures, forms part of a simple way Annular chamber, which requires no further mechanical processing requirement. Compared to previous practice, one can, in particular Annular chambers, for a shaft sealing system either directly pour into a shaft surrounding the housing or mechanically to process, gives the component with the in the circumferential direction directional fluid guides a constructively clear simplified design. This also applies in comparison to Chambers created by the installation of rings or bushings become. The fluid guide guided in the circumferential direction preferably forms a half ring, by joining together two components surrounding a shaft a complete die Wave surrounding ring is formed.

FIG 1

einen Längsschnitt durch eine Mitteldruck-Teildampfturbine,

FIG 2 und 3

eine jeweilige Anordnung mit zwei Fluidführungen und den zugeordneten Fluidleitungen in räumlicher Darstellung,

FIG 4

einen Längsschnitt durch eine Fluidleitung,

FIG 5

eine Anordnung mit zwei Fluidleitungssystemen in räumlicher Darstellung,

FIG 6

einen Schnitt senkrecht zur Wellenachse einer Dampfturbine analog Figur 1,

FIG 7 und 8

einen Schnitt entlang der Wellenachse durch das Fluidleitungssystem nach Figur 5.

The component is explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Some show schematically and not to scale:

FIG. 1

a longitudinal section through a medium pressure partial steam turbine,

2 and 3

a respective arrangement with two fluid guides and the associated fluid lines in a spatial representation,

FIG 4

a longitudinal section through a fluid line,

FIG 5

an arrangement with two fluid line systems in spatial representation,

FIG 6

2 shows a section perpendicular to the shaft axis of a steam turbine analogous to FIG. 1,

7 and 8

a section along the shaft axis through the fluid line system of Figure 5.

The reference numerals have the same in each figure Importance.

In Figure 1 is a fluid machine 11, in particular one Medium pressure partial steam turbine, shown. This one Turbine shaft 15 directed along a shaft axis 8 the turbine shaft 15 surrounding the inner housing 14 and a Inner casing 14 surrounding turbine casing 10 (outer casing) on. The steam turbine 11 is double-flow and has correspondingly known designs regarding steam inlet, Steam outlet, turbine guide vanes and turbine blades on, which will not be discussed in more detail here. On two opposite ends along the shaft axis 8 has the turbine housing 10, which is composed of two halves is, a shaft seal 9 and a component 1 for Supply of sealing steam and for the removal of steam on. The component 1, which is an integral part of the cast turbine housing 10 has one on the turbine shaft 15 adjacent inner wall 2 and one to one Outer housing 10 surrounding outer area 16 adjacent outer wall 3 on. Furthermore, it has two half-ring chambers trained fluid guides 4A, 4b, which are axially apart are spaced, and each as a semicircular Are executed groove (see Figures 2 and 3 according to a first Embodiment and Figures 5 to 8 according to a second embodiment). According to the first embodiment, each is Fluid guide 4A, 4b to the inner wall 2 slot-shaped to the turbine shaft 15 open. Each fluid guide 4A, 4B is preferred after casting component 1 mechanically e.g. manufactured by turning or circular milling. Due to the fluid guide 4A, sealing steam is between the turbine housing 10 and the turbine shaft 15 in the area of the shaft seal 9 feedable. For this purpose, the fluid guide 4A is fluidically with two fluid lines 5 leading to the outside 16 protrude, connected (see Figures 2 and 3). By the fluid guide 4B is vapor vapor. The fluid flow 4B is here via a fluid line 6 to the outside area 16 fluidically connected (see Figures 2 and 3). Each fluid guide 4A, 4B forms with the fluidic connected fluid line 5, 6 a fluid line system for removing or supplying fluid from the outer region 16 towards the turbine shaft 15.

Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, it has two Fluid line systems that are axially spaced apart are each a semicircular fluid guide 4A, 4B (see Figure 5). The circular one Fluid guide 4A, 4B has one of the turbine shaft 15 facing slot 7 extending in the circumferential direction. The slot 7 is preferably mechanical after casting manufactured. Through the slot 7 of a fluid line system 4A, 5 is sealing steam between the turbine housing 10 and the turbine shaft 15 in the area of the shaft seal 9 fed. Through the slot 7 of the other fluid line system 4B, 6, vapor can be extracted.

In Figure 2, the fluid line system consisting of the Fluid guide 4A and the fluid lines 5 for supply or Removal of sealing steam and the fluid line system comprehensively the fluid guide 4B and the fluid line 6 for discharge of steam vapor shown in spatial representation, as in a component 1 of a half of a slit Turbine housing 10 are cast. The fluid lines 5 and 6 are directed radially outwards and protrude from the component 1 so far that a welded connection with a Supply or discharge system, not shown, simple can be produced. The semi-ring-shaped grooves Fluid guides 4A, 4B are slot-shaped to the turbine shaft 15 open.

The fluid line 6 is arranged between the fluid lines 5. The fluid lines 5 are not in the area of the shown joint of the two halves of the turbine housing 10 fluidically connected to the fluid guide 4A. The fluid line 6 is at the deepest geodesic Area of the fluid guide 4B with this fluidically connected; this facilitates the removal of vapor from the vapor. The fluid lines 5 are each weld-free Pipes executed. The same applies to the fluid line 6, which according to Figure 2 as a straight tube and according to Figure 3 as U-shaped tube is formed, the fluidic Connection with the fluid guide 4b in the apex area of the U-shaped tube is made by slitting.

In FIG. 4, a section of a fluid line 5 is in one Longitudinal section shown. The fluid line 5 is simple Pipe piece executed, which on its outer surface 12 a welded ring 13 in the circumferential direction (Rib 13). The ring 13 has a circumferential tip on that with the first metallic material to be cast of component 1 melts. The fluid line 6 can be analog be executed.

When manufacturing component 1, the fluid lines 5, 6, which preferably consist of a steel, cast in, by before the casting of component 1 in the associated Mold installed and with the casting of the cast iron material be enveloped. Because the melting point of a steel is usually well above the melting point of a cast iron material lies, the fluid lines 5, 6 melt in this procedure Not. To prevent them from bending or otherwise deform, they are cast with a suitable one before casting Filler, especially sand, filled and in a core box fixed. For casting component 1, which is an integral Is part of the turbine housing 10, all known are Molding and casting processes available. The cheapest and therefore preferably, is cast using the sand casting process, i.e. the mold is filled with sand and the cast iron material poured into the mold thus formed.

After pouring the fluid lines 5, 6 are on mechanical or chemical way in the component 1 semicircular Grooves (fluid guides 4A, 4B) introduced, each with at least one fluid line 5 or one fluid line 6 are connected.

In Figure 5, the fluid line system 4A, 5 are for supply or discharge of sealing steam and the fluid line system 4B, 6 shown in a spatial representation for the removal of vapor of steam, as in a component 1 of a half of a slit Turbine housing 10 are cast. Each of the Fluid line systems consist of a semi-ring shaped one Fluid guide 4A, 4B to which a line segment 5 (Fluid line system for steam) or two line segments 6 (fluid line system for sealing steam) connected is or are. The line segments 5 and 6 are each radial directed outwards and protrude from component 1 so far addition, that a welded joint with a not shown Supply or discharge system easy to manufacture is. The semi-annular fluid guides 4A, 4B have each have a slot 7 in the circumferential direction, which one Turbine shaft 15 (see Figure 1) is assigned.

Figure 6 shows a multilayer in the axial direction Section through the fluid line systems 4A, 5; 4B, 6 according to FIG 5, for a lower half of the turbine housing 10. The line segments 5, 6 are opposite a vertical inclined at a respective acute angle.

In FIG. 7, a section is made parallel to the shaft axis 8 the component 1 through the fluid line system 4A, 5 to the feed line represented by sealing steam. The one that stands out from component 1 Line segment 5 is slightly curved, so that it is in the same plane perpendicular to the shaft axis 8 the component 1 exits, such as the line segment 6 of the fluid line system for steam. Can be clearly seen also that the fluid guide 4A of the fluid line system for Vapor vapor is an annular chamber with a circular cross section forms, which via an opening 7, the slot the inner wall 2 is connected.

Analogously, FIG. 8 shows a section through the fluid line system for vapor steam with the line segment 6. Here too recognizable that the fluid line system through the fluid guide 4A forms a chamber with a circular cross-section. The line segments 5 and 6 and the fluid guides 4A, 4B can have a diameter of over 10 cm.

The fluid guides 4A, 4B and the line segments 5, 6 exist preferably made of steel. You will, as above executed, poured.

The invention is characterized by a fluid line system in a component, especially for a shaft seal, from a circumferentially curved fluid guide to the turbine shaft is provided towards the open. To this fluid flow is a fluid line, preferably directed in the radial direction, provided which protrudes from the component and at least there from a well weldable material, in particular Steel. This is a by welding firm and tight connection with a supply or discharge system reachable. The fluid line is preferred free of weld seams, so that penetration of casting material into the Fluid line is prevented due to welds. Preferably the component is used in a steam turbine for the supply of sealing steam and for the removal of steam. Other fields of application can generally be rotary machines with shaft seals, e.g. Generators and pumps, his.

Claims (16)

1. Component (1), in particular for a shaft seal (9) of a turbomachine (11), the said component consisting of a cast first metallic material which is directed along a shaft axis (8) and which has an inner wall (2) shaped, at least in regions, in the circumferential direction relative to the shaft axis (8), an outer wall (3) directed towards an outer region (16), and at least one fluid conduit (5, 6) consisting of a second metallic material, characterized in that there is provided, in the first material, a fluid guide (4A, 4B) which runs in the circumferential direction, at least in regions, and which is opened to the inner wall (2) and is fluidically connected to the fluid conduit (5, 6), and in that the fluid conduit (5, 6) connects the inner wall (2) fluidically to the outer region (16).
2. Component (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fluid conduit (5, 6) is cast into the first material.
3. Component (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fluid guide (4A, 4B) consists of a further material, in particular of the second material.
4. Component (1) according to Claim 3, wherein the fluid guide (4A, 4B) is cast into the first material.
5. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid guide (4A, 4B) is of pipe-like design.
6. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid guide (4A, 4B) opens to the inner wall (2) by means of a slot (7).
7. Component (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fluid guide (4A, 4B) is produced in the first material mechanically and/or chemically.
8. Component (1) according to Claim 1, 2 or 7, characterized in that the fluid guide (4) is designed so as to be groove-like, in particular in the form of an annular chamber.
9. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two fluid guides (4A,; 4B), which are connected in each case to at least one fluid conduit (5; 6), are provided.
10. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first material is a spheroidal cast iron essentially containing iron.
11. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second material, in particular a steel, is weldable.
12. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid conduit (5, 6) is a pipe.
13. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid conduit (5, 6) and/or the fluid guide (4A, 4B) has a wall thickness of more than 5 mm, in particular between 8 mm and 12 mm.
14. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is connected to a semi-monocoque turbine casing (10).
15. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for a steam turbine (11), characterized in that a fluid conduit (6) serves for the discharge of vapour and a third fluid conduit (5) serves for the supply of sealing steam.
16. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pipe which has a rib (13) arranged on its outer surface (12) is used [lacuna] producing the said component as a fluid conduit (5, 6) and/or a fluid guide (4A, 4B).

Images