EP0690204B1 - Steamturbine with at least two seals in the casing for sealing the same - Google Patents

Steamturbine with at least two seals in the casing for sealing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0690204B1
EP0690204B1 EP95109678A EP95109678A EP0690204B1 EP 0690204 B1 EP0690204 B1 EP 0690204B1 EP 95109678 A EP95109678 A EP 95109678A EP 95109678 A EP95109678 A EP 95109678A EP 0690204 B1 EP0690204 B1 EP 0690204B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seal
turbine
sealing
seals
steam
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EP95109678A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0690204A3 (en
EP0690204A2 (en
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Karl Urlichs
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Alstom SA
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Alstom SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F01D11/06Control thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine according to the Preamble of claim 1 and the siblings Claims 2 and 3.
  • Steam turbines are of one type as back pressure turbines used when the output steam in one Heating network to be used at increased pressure.
  • a condensation turbine the heat content of the steam through its complete Expansion to a negative pressure in relation to the atmosphere exploited.
  • the outer Seals of a condensation turbine must be suitable the penetration of air into the steam-filled one To prevent turbine casing.
  • seals W1 of the turbine housing of a condensation turbine are designed in the form of labyrinths without contact.
  • suitable precautions must be taken to improve the sealing effect. In general, this is done on the fresh and steam side by a further seal W2 which is arranged behind the actual shaft seal W1 from the interior of the housing and by means of an annular chamber S between W1 and W2, which is acted upon with sealing steam S1, S2.
  • the pressure for this steam is chosen to be so great that in all cases there is a flow to the outside and thus the penetration of air is excluded.
  • a leakage vapor L1 flowing through the outer seal must in turn be prevented from escaping into the atmosphere by suitable annular chambers L and labyrinth seals W3. Finally, a chamber W ensures that the remaining leakage vapor / air mixture can be safely extracted.
  • a steam turbine is known from JP 05 231 103 A, at three each on the live steam side and the exhaust steam side Seals, i.e. a total of 6 seals, are required. This turbine uses fresh steam as well On the exhaust side, between two seals, one seal chamber each educated. These two sealing spaces are separated by one Compensating line connected to each other.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a condensation turbine create that without expensive barrier steam equipment, numerous pipelines and condensation devices gets along and still the intrusion of outside air into the Turbine interior having negative pressure prevented.
  • Flow through the mechanical seal from the outer Atmosphere in the housing interior can succeed the construction of a condensation turbine in which both On the fresh steam side as well as on the steam side, at least one each Seal designed as a gas-lubricated mechanical seal is.
  • the fresh steam side and the steam side each outermost mechanical seals are separate Seal rooms assigned by a Equalization line AG with a similar one below the atmospheric pressure are.
  • the construction of the condensation turbine is by the Use of a mechanical seal of the type mentioned considerably simplified because the steam room in all Operating conditions are protected from air ingress. In particular, this also applies to standstill and the so-called Gymnastics operation in which the turbine shaft is slow Turn with a suitable device in front of a Warping is protected by one-sided heating.
  • the device described can be made up of several Labyrinth seals existing outer wave labyrinth on the fresh steam side and on the exhaust steam side, each with a mechanical seal to be replaced in all operating states surely does its job.
  • On expensive barrier steam devices numerous pipelines and Condensation devices can be dispensed with.
  • the Arrangement of a vapor extraction W is done - if required - as with the conventional version according to Fig. 3.
  • the thrust bearing can produce a pressure difference of approx. 1 bar be dimensioned so that these forces can record. It is possible to use the thrust bearing Turbine shaft so for both axial directions too dimension that the thrusts at full load and at Records idle optimally.
  • Another security measure can be that at least one labyrinth seal acting as an emergency seal measured the pressure difference before and after this seal and when a predetermined limit is exceeded the steam turbine is triggered quickly.
  • the mechanical seal has a non-rotating mechanical seal 2, which is movable through a secondary seal 3 with the Turbine housing TG or the seal housing 10 connected is.
  • the slide ring 2 is by springs 4 on the Secondary seal 3 to a rotating counter ring 1 or pressed the turbine shaft TW itself. Between the two Rings 1 and 2 have a sealing gap DS. Because of Shape accuracy can with the turbine shaft TW rotating counter ring 1 also by a Precision intermediate ring can be worn. He's going with one centering element 7 acting elastically and by. a fastener 8 held.
  • a sealing ring 9 prevents leakage between the slide ring 2 and the rotor R.
  • the sealing gap DS the Mechanical seal with a special pattern on the opposing sealing surfaces through which gap-opening pockets with a depth of a few Micrometers arise, a hydrodynamic spread of the sealing gap and with the support of Rotation of the counter ring 1 are small amounts of fluid to be sealed is conveyed through the seal.
  • the passage is so small that it Turbine operation does not interfere. You can by in the capacitor an extraction system can be eliminated.
  • the condensation turbine shown in Fig. 1 enables an almost complete compensation of the axial pressure forces.
  • a rotor R with its blading B is in a turbine casing TG and lies with its turbine shaft TW on both sides in a plain bearing GL. He owns at least an axial bearing AL to catch the rest Axial thrusts.
  • In the schematic representation is continue the supply of live steam FD and the removal indicated by Abdampf AD.
  • the condensation turbine has three mechanical seals Wa, Wb, Wc, of which the two outer Wa, Wb pass the turbine shaft TW through the turbine housing TG caulk. Belonging to these mechanical seals Wa, Wb Sealing spaces DRa, DRb are via an equalization line AG connected to each other and have a negative pressure of about 0.04 bar.
  • This negative pressure means that the mechanical seals, in contrast to the application at other turbomachinery, so to build or arrange that an inflow of the sealing gap DS from the outside inwards causes gas lubrication and the flow medium in in this case is not steam, but air.
  • the mechanical seals Wa, Wb towards their inner to their outer Diameter flows through, so that the aerodynamically acting Sampling must be arranged accordingly. You can do that Mechanical seals Wa, Wb but also different, e.g. as in Fig. 1b shown, install. In all representations the respective flow direction at the sealing gap DS marked an arrow.
  • the efficiency of the Turbine can be increased significantly.
  • the constructive Effort for pipelines and the effort for reintroduction of the steam into the turbine housing TG considerably lower.
  • the condensation turbine according to Figure 2 corresponds in its Basic structure of Fig.1, so that in this regard repetitions can be dispensed with.
  • a crucial difference is that a compensating piston seal Wd also Sealing the fresh steam side shaft passage with takes over, so that the mechanical seal Wa according to Fig.1 saved becomes.
  • this is bought by the lack of one hydrostatic pressure compensation of the condensation part.
  • the thrust bearing AL In order to absorb these pressures, the thrust bearing AL must be used accordingly be dimensioned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dampfturbine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie der nebengeordneten Ansprüche 2 und 3.The invention relates to a steam turbine according to the Preamble of claim 1 and the siblings Claims 2 and 3.

Dampfturbinen werden in einer Bauart als Gegendruckturbinen eingesetzt, wenn der ausgangsseitige Dampf in einem Wärmenetz bei erhöhtem Druck genutzt werden soll. In einer anderen als Kondensationsturbine bezeichneten Bauart wird der Wärmeinhalt des Dampfes durch seine vollständige Expansion bis zu einem Unterdruck gegenüber der Atmosphäre ausgenutzt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß sich die äußeren Dichtungen einer Kondensationsturbine dazu eignen müssen, das Eindringen von Luft in das mit Dampf gefüllte Turbinengehäuse zu verhindern.Steam turbines are of one type as back pressure turbines used when the output steam in one Heating network to be used at increased pressure. In a other design referred to as a condensation turbine the heat content of the steam through its complete Expansion to a negative pressure in relation to the atmosphere exploited. As a result, the outer Seals of a condensation turbine must be suitable the penetration of air into the steam-filled one To prevent turbine casing.

Fig.3 soll den Stand der Technik verdeutlichen, nach dem Dichtungen W1 des Turbinengehäuses einer Kondensationsturbine berührungslos, in Form von Labyrinthen ausgeführt werden. Bei dieser Dichtungsart müssen geeignete Vorkehrungen getroffen werden, durch die eine Verbesserung der Dichtwirkung erreicht wird. Im allgemeinen geschieht das frisch -und abdampfseitig durch eine weitere Dichtung W2 die vom Gehäuseinnenraum aus hinter der eigentlichen Wellendichtung W1 angeordnet ist und
durch eine zwischen W1 und W2 liegende mit Sperrdampf S1, S2 beaufschlagte Ringkammer S. Der Druck für diesen Dampf wird gerade so groß gewählt, daß in allen Fällen eine Strömung nach außen erfolgt und damit das Eindringen von Luft ausgeschlossen ist. Ein durch die äußere Dichtung strömender Leckdampf L1 muß wiederum durch geeignete Ringkammern L und Labyrinthdichtungen W3 am Austritt in die Atmosphäre gehindert werden. Schließlich sorgt eine Kammer W dafür, daß das restliche Leckdampf/Luft-Gemisch sicher abgesaugt werden kann.
3 is intended to illustrate the prior art, according to which seals W1 of the turbine housing of a condensation turbine are designed in the form of labyrinths without contact. With this type of seal, suitable precautions must be taken to improve the sealing effect. In general, this is done on the fresh and steam side by a further seal W2 which is arranged behind the actual shaft seal W1 from the interior of the housing and
by means of an annular chamber S between W1 and W2, which is acted upon with sealing steam S1, S2. The pressure for this steam is chosen to be so great that in all cases there is a flow to the outside and thus the penetration of air is excluded. A leakage vapor L1 flowing through the outer seal must in turn be prevented from escaping into the atmosphere by suitable annular chambers L and labyrinth seals W3. Finally, a chamber W ensures that the remaining leakage vapor / air mixture can be safely extracted.

Der Aufwand für die geschilderten Dichtungsmaßnahmen ist außerordentlich hoch, da die austretenden Dampfmengen auch noch in einem Sperrdampfkondensator abgeführt werden müssen und weil die Dampfzustände für den zu verwendenden Sperrdampf S1, S2 an die Temperaturen des heißen Turbineneintritts und des Turbinenaustritts separat angepaßt werden müssen.The effort for the described sealing measures is extraordinarily high because the escaping steam quantities too still have to be dissipated in a blocking steam condenser and because the steam conditions for the one to be used Barrier steam S1, S2 to the temperatures of the hot Turbine inlet and turbine outlet separately have to be adjusted.

Es ist weiterhin bekannt, Gleitringdichtungen im Turbomaschinenbau bei stationären Verdichtern und bei Flugtriebwerken einzusetzen. Ein speziell für den Ausgleichskolben einer Dampfturbine geeigneter Dichtungsaufbau ist aus der DE 35 33 829 A1 bekannt. Beschrieben wird eine Anwendung dieser Dichtung anstelle eines inneren Ausgleichskolbenlabyrinths bei einer Dampfturbine. Eine Abhebevorrichtung soll dabei verhindern, daß während der Aufwarm- und Kondensationsphase des Dampfes im Bereich der Dichtung ein Schaden eintreten kann. Die Abhebevorrichtung ist auch geeignet, den Stillstand und Turnbetrieb einer Turbine abzusichern.It is also known to provide mechanical seals in the Turbomachinery construction with stationary compressors and with To use aircraft engines. A specially for the Compensating piston of a steam turbine more suitable Seal structure is known from DE 35 33 829 A1. An application of this seal is described instead of an inner balancing piston labyrinth at one Steam turbine. A lifting device is intended to prevent that during the warm-up and condensation phase of the steam Damage can occur in the area of the seal. The Lifting device is also suitable for standstill and To secure gymnastics of a turbine.

Aus der JP 05 231 103 A ist eine Dampfturbine bekannt, bei der auf der Frischdampfseite und der Abdampfseite je drei Dichtungen, also insgesamt 6 Dichtungen, benötigt werden. Bei dieser Turbine wird sowohl frischdampf- als auch abdampfseitig zwischen zwei Dichtungen je ein Dichtungsraum gebildet. Diese beiden Dichtungsräume werden durch eine Ausgleichsleitung miteinander verbunden.A steam turbine is known from JP 05 231 103 A, at three each on the live steam side and the exhaust steam side Seals, i.e. a total of 6 seals, are required. This turbine uses fresh steam as well On the exhaust side, between two seals, one seal chamber each educated. These two sealing spaces are separated by one Compensating line connected to each other.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Kondensationsturbine zu schaffen, die ohne teure Sperrdampfeinrichtungen, zahlreiche Rohrleitungen und Kondensationseinrichtungen auskommt und dennoch den Einbruch von Außenluft in den Unterdruck aufweisenden Turbineninnenraum verhindert.The object of the invention is to provide a condensation turbine create that without expensive barrier steam equipment, numerous pipelines and condensation devices gets along and still the intrusion of outside air into the Turbine interior having negative pressure prevented.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes sind in den Unteransprüchen genannt.This object is characterized by those characterized in claims 1 and 2 Features solved. Appropriate configurations and further developments of the subject matter of the invention are in the Subclaims called.

Durch eine Gleitringdichtung, die so ausgeführt oder eingebaut ist, daß die zur Gasschmierung erforderliche Durchströmung der Gleitringdichtung von der äußeren Atmosphäre in den Gehäuseinnenraum erfolgen kann, gelingt der Aufbau einer Kondensationsturbine, bei der sowohl frischdampfseitig als auch abdampfseitig mindestens je eine Dichtung als gasgeschmierte Gleitringdichtung ausgeführt ist. Die frischdampfseitig und abdampfseitig jeweils äußersten Gleitringdichtungen sind dabei getrennten Dichtungsräumen zugeordnet, die durch eine Ausgleichsleitung AG mit einem gleichen unterhalb des atmosphärischen Außendrucks liegenden Druck beaufschlagt sind.Through a mechanical seal, which is designed or installed is that required for gas lubrication Flow through the mechanical seal from the outer Atmosphere in the housing interior can succeed the construction of a condensation turbine in which both On the fresh steam side as well as on the steam side, at least one each Seal designed as a gas-lubricated mechanical seal is. The fresh steam side and the steam side each outermost mechanical seals are separate Seal rooms assigned by a Equalization line AG with a similar one below the atmospheric pressure are.

Die Konstruktion der Kondensationsturbine wird durch die Verwendung einer Gleitringdichtung der genannten Art erheblich vereinfacht, da der Dampfraum in allen Betriebsbedingungen vor Lufteinbruch geschützt ist. Insbesondere gilt dies auch für den Stillstand und den sog. Turnbetrieb, bei dem die Turbinenwelle durch langsames Drehen mit einer geeigneten Vorrichtung vor einer Verkrümmung durch einseitige Erwärmung geschützt wird. Mit der beschriebenen Einrichtung kann das aus mehreren Labyrinthdichtungen bestehende äußere Wellenlabyrinth frischdampf- und abdampfseitig durch je eine Gleitringdichtung ersetzt werden, die in allen Betriebszustanden sicher ihre Aufgaben erfüllt. Auf teuere Sperrdampfeinrichtungen, zahlreiche Rohrleitungen und Kondensationseinrichtungen kann verzichtet werden. Die Anordnung einer Wrasendampfabsaugung W erfolgt - falls erforderlich - wie bei der konventionellen Ausführung gemäß Fig. 3. The construction of the condensation turbine is by the Use of a mechanical seal of the type mentioned considerably simplified because the steam room in all Operating conditions are protected from air ingress. In particular, this also applies to standstill and the so-called Gymnastics operation in which the turbine shaft is slow Turn with a suitable device in front of a Warping is protected by one-sided heating. With the device described can be made up of several Labyrinth seals existing outer wave labyrinth on the fresh steam side and on the exhaust steam side, each with a mechanical seal to be replaced in all operating states surely does its job. On expensive barrier steam devices, numerous pipelines and Condensation devices can be dispensed with. The Arrangement of a vapor extraction W is done - if required - as with the conventional version according to Fig. 3.

In einer Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgegenstandes kann die Gleitringdichtung so in die Kondensationsturbine eingebaut werden, daß ihr Dichtspalt entweder vom inneren zum äußeren Durchmesser dieser Gleitringdichtung oder auch umgekehrt durchströmt wird. Demgemäß ist vorgesehen, daß bei den Gleitringdichtungen in ihre Dichtflächen eine aerodynamisch wirksame Bemusterung integriert ist, deren Wirkrichtung mit der vorgesehenen Durchströmung der Gleitringdichtungen von der äußeren Atmosphäre in den Gehäuseinnenraum korrespondiert.In a further development of the subject matter of the invention Mechanical seal installed in the condensation turbine that their sealing gap either from the inside to the outside Diameter of this mechanical seal or vice versa is flowed through. Accordingly, it is provided that the Mechanical seals in their sealing surfaces are aerodynamic effective sampling is integrated, the direction of action with the intended flow through the mechanical seals of corresponds to the external atmosphere in the interior of the housing.

Zur Entlastung des Axiallagers werden im Hauptstrom einflutig aufgebaute Dampfturbinen normalerweise mit einem Ausgleichskolben versehen, der den Einsatz einer weiteren Dichtung erfordert. In einer Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgegenstandes ist deshalb vorgesehen, daß frischdampfseitig hinter der äußersten Gleitringdichtung eine Ausgleichskolbendichtung eingefügt ist, die ebenfalls als Gleitringdichtung aufgebaut ist.To relieve the thrust bearing in the main flow single-flow steam turbines usually with one Equalizing piston provided the use of another Seal requires. In a further education of the Subject of the invention is therefore provided that on the fresh steam side behind the outermost mechanical seal a compensating piston seal is inserted, which is also is constructed as a mechanical seal.

Auf mindestens ebenso vorteilhafte Weise wie mit dem bereits geschilderten Aufbau nach Anspruch 1 kann die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe auch durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 gelöst werden. Dadurch, daß frischdampfseitig eine als Ausgleichskolbendichtung wirkende Gleitringdichtung auch eine Abdichtung des Wellendurchtritts durch das Turbinengehäuse übernimmt, wird eine Gleitringdichtung und damit ein teures Bauteil eingespart. Bei Turbinen, bei denen der verbleibende Restschub nur aus einer in den Turbinenstufen verarbeitetenIn at least as advantageous a way as with the already described structure according to claim 1 can task according to the invention also by the features of Claim 6 to be solved. The fact that fresh steam side an acting as a compensating piston seal Mechanical seal also a seal of the Shaft passage through the turbine housing takes over a mechanical seal and thus an expensive component saved. For turbines where the remaining one Residual thrust only from one processed in the turbine stages

Druckdifferenz von ca. 1 bar herrührt, kann das Axiallager durchaus so dimensioniert werden, daß es diese Kräfte aufnehmen kann. Dabei ist es möglich, das Axiallager der Turbinenwelle so für beide axiale Richtungen zu dimensionieren, daß es die Schübe bei Vollast und bei Leerlauf optimal aufnimmt.The thrust bearing can produce a pressure difference of approx. 1 bar be dimensioned so that these forces can record. It is possible to use the thrust bearing Turbine shaft so for both axial directions too dimension that the thrusts at full load and at Records idle optimally.

Bei der Gleitringdichtung besteht ein wesentliches Problem darin, daß bei sehr niedrigen Drehzahlen des Turbinenrotors, wie sie im Anfahrbetrieb oder bisweilen auch im Turnbetrieb auftreten, das aerodynamische Spreizen des Dichtungsspaltes nicht oder nicht ausreichend erfolgt und dadurch die Dichtflächen einem erhöhten Abrieb unterliegen. Es ist deshalb vorteilhaft, Hilfmittel vorzusehen, die im Anfahrbetrieb oder im Turnbetrieb für eine ausreichende Speizung des Dichtspaltes sorgen. There is a major problem with the mechanical seal in that at very low speeds the Turbine rotors, such as those used during start-up or sometimes aerodynamic spreading also occur in gymnastics the sealing gap is not or not sufficiently and thereby the sealing surfaces increased abrasion subject. It is therefore advantageous to use aids to be provided for start-up or gymnastics for ensure that the sealing gap is adequately supplied.

Bei einer Übernahme der Ideen aus der DE 35 33 829 A1 können die zur Spreizung erforderlichen Hilfsmittel aus mechanisch wirkenden Elementen aufgebaut werden, und dann im Anfahr- oder Turnbetrieb ein öffnen des Dichtspaltes auf die erforderliche Breite ermöglichen.When adopting the ideas from DE 35 33 829 A1 the mechanical aids required for spreading acting elements, and then in the start-up or gymnastics an opening of the sealing gap to the required Allow width.

Alternativ dazu können die zur Spreizung erforderlichen Hilfsmittel jedoch auch aerodynamisch wirkend aufgebaut werden, wobei in einen die Ausgleichskolbendichtung umschliessenden Dichtungsraum eine Dampfzuführung erfolgt, die über ein Ventil steuerbar ist und damit im Normalbetrieb, wenn der Dichtungsraum einen ausreichenden Überdruck aufweist, abgeschaltet werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere bei Kondensationsturbinen erforderlich, bei denen die Dichtung im Unterdruckbetrieb nicht ausreichend zur eigenen Kühlung durchströmt würde.Alternatively, those required for spreading can be used Aids, however, are also built to have an aerodynamic effect, in a surrounding the compensating piston seal Seal space a steam supply takes place over a valve is controllable and thus in normal operation when the Sealing chamber has a sufficient pressure, switched off can be. This is particularly the case with condensation turbines required where the seal is in vacuum operation not sufficiently flowed through for own cooling would.

Den bei einem Bruch einer frischdampfseitigen Gleitringdichtung auftretenden Gefahren kann man dadurch begegnen, daß mindestens eine konventionelle Labyrinthdichtung als Notdichtung vorgeschaltet wird. Eine der frischdampfseitigen Gleitringdichtung nachgeschaltete konventionelle Labyrinthdichtung erfüllt den gleichen Zweck als Notdichtung.If a mechanical seal on the fresh steam side breaks occurring dangers can be countered by the fact that at least one conventional labyrinth seal as an emergency seal is connected upstream. One of the fresh steam side Mechanical labyrinth seal downstream fulfills the same purpose as an emergency seal.

Eine weitere Sicherheitsmaßnahme kann darin bestehen, daß an mindestens einer als Notdichtung wirkenden Labyrinthdichtung die Druckdifferenz vor und hinter dieser Dichtung gemessen wird und bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes eine Schnellschlußauslösung der Dampfturbine erfolgt.Another security measure can be that at least one labyrinth seal acting as an emergency seal measured the pressure difference before and after this seal and when a predetermined limit is exceeded the steam turbine is triggered quickly.

Die Dichtwirkung der Gleitringdichtung beeinträchtigende Verformungen lassen sich dadurch vermeiden, daß die Gleitringdichtung und ein sie aufnehmendes Dichtungsgehäuse nicht geteilt sind, sondern bei der Montage als geschlossene Ringteile auf den Turbinenrotor aufgeschoben werden. Deformation affecting the sealing effect of the mechanical seal can be avoided that the mechanical seal and a seal housing accommodating them is not divided are, but during assembly as closed ring parts be pushed onto the turbine rotor.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1: eine Kondensationsturbine mit fast vollständigem Ausgleich der axialen Druckkräfte,
  • Fig. 2: eine Kondensationsturbine ohne hydrostatischen Ausgleich des Kondensationsteils und
  • Fig. 3: eine Kondensationsturbine nach dem Stand der Technik.
  • Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it:
  • 1: a condensation turbine with almost complete compensation of the axial pressure forces,
  • Fig. 2: a condensation turbine without hydrostatic compensation of the condensation part and
  • 3: a condensation turbine according to the prior art.
  • In den Fig. 1 und 2 ist der Aufbau einer Gleitringdichtung Wa,Wb,Wc mit ihren wesentlichen Teilen, wie sie bei den erfindungsgemäßen Beispielen zur Anwendung kommen, dargestellt. Die für hohe Temperaturen geeignete Gleitringdichtung besitzt einen nicht rotierenden Gleitring 2, der beweglich durch eine Sekundärdichtung 3 mit dem Turbinengehäuse TG bzw. dem Dichtungsgehäuse 10 verbunden ist. Der Gleitring 2 wird durch Federn 4 über die Sekundärdichtung 3 an einen rotierenden Gegenring 1 oder die Turbinenwelle TW selbst angedrückt. Zwischen beiden Ringen 1 und 2 liegt ein Dichtspalt DS. Aus Gründen der Formgenauigkeit kann der mit der Turbinenwelle TW rotierende Gegenring 1 auch durch einen Präzisionszwischenring getragen werden. Er wird mit einem elastisch wirkenden Zentrierelement 7 zentriert und durch. ein Befestigungselement 8 gehalten. Ein Dichtring 9 verhindert eine Leckströmung zwischen dem Gleitring 2 und dem Rotor R.1 and 2 is the construction of a mechanical seal Wa, Wb, Wc with their essential parts, as in the Examples according to the invention are used, shown. The one suitable for high temperatures The mechanical seal has a non-rotating mechanical seal 2, which is movable through a secondary seal 3 with the Turbine housing TG or the seal housing 10 connected is. The slide ring 2 is by springs 4 on the Secondary seal 3 to a rotating counter ring 1 or pressed the turbine shaft TW itself. Between the two Rings 1 and 2 have a sealing gap DS. Because of Shape accuracy can with the turbine shaft TW rotating counter ring 1 also by a Precision intermediate ring can be worn. He's going with one centering element 7 acting elastically and by. a fastener 8 held. A sealing ring 9 prevents leakage between the slide ring 2 and the rotor R.

    Durch eine Gestaltung des Dichtspaltes DS der Gleitringdichtung mit einer speziellen Bemusterung an den sich gegenüberliegenden Dichtflächen, durch welche spaltöffnende Taschen mit einer Tiefe von wenigen Mikrometern entstehen, wird eine hydrodynamische Spreizung des Dichtspaltes erreicht und mit Unterstützung durch die Rotation des Gegenrings 1 werden dabei geringe Mengen des abzudichtendes Fluids durch die Dichtung gefördert. Im Vergleich zu üblichen berührungslosen Labyrinthdichtungen ist die Durchtrittsmenge so gering, daß sie den Turbinenbetrieb nicht stört. Sie kann im Kondensator durch ein Absaugesystem beseitigt werden. By designing the sealing gap DS the Mechanical seal with a special pattern on the opposing sealing surfaces through which gap-opening pockets with a depth of a few Micrometers arise, a hydrodynamic spread of the sealing gap and with the support of Rotation of the counter ring 1 are small amounts of fluid to be sealed is conveyed through the seal. in the Compared to standard non-contact labyrinth seals the passage is so small that it Turbine operation does not interfere. You can by in the capacitor an extraction system can be eliminated.

    Die in Fig 1 dargestellte Kondensationsturbine ermöglicht einen fast vollständigen Ausgleich der axialen Druckkräfte. Ein Rotor R mit seiner Beschaufelung B befindet sich in einem Turbinengehäuse TG und liegt mit seiner Turbinenwelle TW beidseitig in einem Gleitlager GL. Er besitzt mindestens ein Axiallager AL zum Auffangen von restlichen Axialschüben. In der schematischen Darstellung ist weiterhin die Zufuhr von Frischdampf FD und das Wegfuhren von Abdampf AD angedeutet.The condensation turbine shown in Fig. 1 enables an almost complete compensation of the axial pressure forces. A rotor R with its blading B is in a turbine casing TG and lies with its turbine shaft TW on both sides in a plain bearing GL. He owns at least an axial bearing AL to catch the rest Axial thrusts. In the schematic representation is continue the supply of live steam FD and the removal indicated by Abdampf AD.

    Die Kondensationsturbine besitzt drei Gleitringdichtungen Wa,Wb,Wc, von denen die beiden äußeren Wa,Wb den Durchtritt der Turbinenwelle TW durch das Turbinengehäuse TG abdichten. Zu diesen Gleitringdichtungen Wa,Wb gehörige Dichtungsräume DRa,DRb sind über eine Ausgleichsleitung AG miteinander verbunden und weisen einen Unterdruck von etwa 0,04 bar auf. Durch diesen Unterdruck ist es erforderlich, die Gleitringdichtungen, im Unterschied zur Anwendung bei anderen Turbomaschinen, so aufzubauen oder anzuordnen, daß eine Anströmung des Dichtspaltes DS von außen nach innen eine Gasschmierung bewirkt und das Strömungsmedium in diesem Fall nicht Dampf, sondern Luft ist. Bei der dargestellten Anordnung werden die Gleitringdichtungen Wa,Wb in Richtung von ihrem inneren zu ihrem äußeren Durchmesser durchströmt, so daß die aerodynamisch wirkende Bemusterung entsprechend angeordnet sein muß. Man kann die Gleitringdichtungen Wa,Wb aber auch anders, z.B. wie in Fig. 1b dargestellt, einbauen. Bei allen Darstellungen ist die jeweilige Strömungsrichtung am Dichtspalt DS durch einen Pfeil gekennzeichnet.The condensation turbine has three mechanical seals Wa, Wb, Wc, of which the two outer Wa, Wb pass the turbine shaft TW through the turbine housing TG caulk. Belonging to these mechanical seals Wa, Wb Sealing spaces DRa, DRb are via an equalization line AG connected to each other and have a negative pressure of about 0.04 bar. This negative pressure means that the mechanical seals, in contrast to the application at other turbomachinery, so to build or arrange that an inflow of the sealing gap DS from the outside inwards causes gas lubrication and the flow medium in in this case is not steam, but air. In the arrangement shown are the mechanical seals Wa, Wb towards their inner to their outer Diameter flows through, so that the aerodynamically acting Sampling must be arranged accordingly. You can do that Mechanical seals Wa, Wb but also different, e.g. as in Fig. 1b shown, install. In all representations the respective flow direction at the sealing gap DS marked an arrow.

    Die beschriebene Kondensationsturbine ist zum Druckausgleich mit einem Ausgleichskolben versehen, dessen Wirkung durch eine dritte als Ausgleichskolbendichtung Wc wirkende Gleitringdichtung gewährleistet wird. Ihr Aufbau entspricht dem der beiden anderen Gleitringdichtungen Wa,Wb, doch ihr Einbau stimmt mit einer üblichen Anordnung überein, bei der eine Durchströmung von innen nach außen erfolgt. Unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen herrscht in dem zugehörigen Dichtungsraum DRc ein Überdruck, der jedoch im Turnbetrieb bis auf Unterdruck absinken kann. Für diesen Fall ist eine Dampfzufuhr K1 vorgesehen, mit deren Hilfe wieder ein zur Anströmung ausreichender Überdruck hergestellt werden kann. Ein Ventil V ermöglicht eine Steuerung des Dampfdruckes bzw. ein Abschalten der Dampfzufuhr im Normalbetrieb.The condensation turbine described is for Equip the pressure with a compensating piston, the Effect by a third as a balancing piston seal Wc mechanical seal is guaranteed. Your structure corresponds to that of the other two mechanical seals Wa, Wb, but their installation is correct with a normal arrangement match, with a flow from the inside out he follows. Under normal operating conditions associated seal chamber DRc an overpressure, which, however, in Gymnastics up to Vacuum can drop. In this case there is a steam supply K1 provided, with the help of a flow sufficient overpressure can be produced. On Valve V enables control of the steam pressure or a Switch off the steam supply in normal operation.

    Durch die Anwendung der Ausgleichskolbendichtung Wc am Ausgleichskolben einer Dampfturbine, kann der Wirkungsgrad der Turbine erheblich gesteigert werden. Außerdem wird der konstruktive Aufwand für Rohrleitungen und der Aufwand zur Wiedereinleitung des Dampfes in das Turbinengehäuse TG erheblich geringer.By using the compensating piston seal Wc on the compensating piston a steam turbine, the efficiency of the Turbine can be increased significantly. In addition, the constructive Effort for pipelines and the effort for reintroduction of the steam into the turbine housing TG considerably lower.

    Damit es bei einem Bruch der frischdampfseitigen Gleitringdichtungen Wa,Wc nicht zu einem unerwünschten Dampfaustritt kommt, sind eine gegenüber der Ausgleichskolbendichtung Wc vorgeschaltete Notdichtung 5 und eine nachgeschaltete Notdichtung 6 vorgesehen. Ebenfalls zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit werden Druckdifferenzen der Drücke Pw und Pk vor und hinter den Notdichtungen 5,6 erfaßt, die bei Überschreiten zulässiger Grenzwerte einen Schnellschluß der Turbine auslösen können.So that there is a break in the live steam side mechanical seals Wa, Wc not causing unwanted steam leakage comes, are opposite the balancing piston seal Wc upstream emergency seal 5 and a downstream emergency seal 6 provided. Also to increase security pressure differences of the pressures Pw and Pk before and after the emergency seals 5.6 recorded, the permissible when exceeded Limit values can trigger a quick shutdown of the turbine.

    Die Kondensationsturbine nach Fig.2 entspricht in ihrem Grundaufbau der Fig.1, so daß auf diesbezügliche Wiederholungen verzichtet werden kann. Ein entscheidender Unterschied besteht darin, daß eine Ausgleichskolbendichtung Wd auch die Abdichtung des frischdampfseitigen Wellendurchtritts mit übernimmt, so daß die Gleitringdichtung Wa nach Fig.1 eingespart wird. Erkauft wird dies allerdings durch das Fehlen eines hydrostatischen Druckausgleichs des Kondensationsteils. Um diese Drücke aufzufangen, muß das Axiallager AL entsprechend dimensioniert werden.The condensation turbine according to Figure 2 corresponds in its Basic structure of Fig.1, so that in this regard repetitions can be dispensed with. A crucial difference is that a compensating piston seal Wd also Sealing the fresh steam side shaft passage with takes over, so that the mechanical seal Wa according to Fig.1 saved becomes. However, this is bought by the lack of one hydrostatic pressure compensation of the condensation part. In order to absorb these pressures, the thrust bearing AL must be used accordingly be dimensioned.

    Zur Vermeidung von Verformungen im Bereich der Ringe 1 und 2 werden ungeteilte Dichtungsgehäuse 10 verwendet, die sich ohne Öffnen des Turbinengehäuses montieren lassen.To avoid deformation in the area of rings 1 and 2 undivided seal housings 10 are used, which are Have it installed without opening the turbine housing.

    Claims (12)

    1. Condensing turbine with a live steam input (FD) and an exhaust steam output (AD) and at least two seals (Wa, Wb) for sealing the turbine housing (TG) in the region of a turbine shaft (TW) carrying the turbine rotor, of which at least one seal (Wa) is arranged at the live steam side and one seal (Wb) at the exhaust steam side, the seals sealing separate sealing spaces (DRa, DRb) connected to one another by a compensating line (AG), characterised in that at least one respective seal (Wa, Wb) both at the live steam side and at the exhaust steam side is designed as a gas-lubricated axial face seal, in that the sealing spaces (DRa, DRb) are subjected to an identical pressure below the external atmospheric pressure, and in that these axial face seals (Wa, Wb) are designed and fitted in such a way that a through-flow of the axial face seals (Wa, Wb) necessary for gas lubrication can occur from the external atmosphere into the interior of the housing.
    2. Condensing turbine with a live steam input (FD) and an exhaust gas output (AD) and at least two seals for sealing the turbine housing in the region of a turbine shaft (TW) carrying the turbine rotor, of which at least one seal (Wd) is arranged at the live steam side and one seal (Wb) at the exhaust steam side, characterised in that at least one respective seal (Wb, Wd) both at the live steam side and at the exhaust steam side is designed as a gas-lubricated axial face seal, in that the seal (Wd) acts as a compensating piston seal, in that the seal also assumes sealing of the shaft passage through the turbine housing, and in that the axial bearing (AL) of the turbine shaft (TW) is dimensioned such that it can absorb uncompensated thrusts acting on the turbine shaft (TW).
    3. Condensing turbine according to claim 2, characterised in that an aerodynamically acting pattern is integrated into the sealing faces of the axial face seals (Wa, Wb), the direction of action of which pattern corresponds to the provided through-flow of the axial face seals (Wa, Wb) from the external atmosphere into the interior of the housing.
    4. Condensing turbine according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a compensating piston seal (Wc), also designed as an axial face seal, is inserted at the live steam side behind the outermost axial face seal (Wa).
    5. Condensing turbine according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the axial bearing (AL) of the turbine shaft (TW) is dimensioned in such a way that it can absorb residual thrusts of the blades acting on the shaft which are not compensated by a compensating piston.
    6. Condensing turbine according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the axial bearing (AL) of the turbine shaft (TW) is dimensioned in such a way that it can absorb thrusts acting on the shaft during idling and in the event of full load, in both axial directions.
    7. Condensing turbine according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that aids are provided to allow widening of the sealing gap of the compensating piston seal (Wd) in start-up and turning mode.
    8. Condensing turbine according to claim 7, characterised in that the aids required for widening are constructed from mechanically acting elements allowing opening of the sealing gap to the required width in start-up and turning mode.
    9. Condensing turbine according to claim 7, characterised in that the aids required for widening act aerodynamically, there being a supply of steam (K1) into a sealing space (DRc) surrounding the compensating piston seal (Wc) which supply of steam (K1) produces excess pressure in turning mode and can be switched off by a valve (V) during normal operation.
    10. Condensing turbine according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one conventional labyrinth seal (5, 6) is connected upstream and/or downstream of the compensating piston seal (Wc) as an emergency seal.
    11. Condensing turbine according to claim 10, characterised in that at least at one labyrinth seal (5, 6) acting as an emergency seal the pressure difference is measured upstream and downstream of this seal and in the event of a predetermined limit being exceeded emergency shutdown of the steam turbine is triggered.
    12. Condensing turbine according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the axial face seal (Wa, Wb, Wc, Wd) and/or a sealing housing (10) receiving it are not divided, but are pushed onto the turbine rotor (R) during assembly as closed annular components.
    EP95109678A 1994-06-28 1995-06-22 Steamturbine with at least two seals in the casing for sealing the same Expired - Lifetime EP0690204B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4422594 1994-06-28
    DE4422594A DE4422594A1 (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Condensation turbine with at least two seals for sealing the turbine housing

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0690204A2 EP0690204A2 (en) 1996-01-03
    EP0690204A3 EP0690204A3 (en) 1997-11-19
    EP0690204B1 true EP0690204B1 (en) 2002-10-23

    Family

    ID=6521707

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP95109678A Expired - Lifetime EP0690204B1 (en) 1994-06-28 1995-06-22 Steamturbine with at least two seals in the casing for sealing the same

    Country Status (6)

    Country Link
    US (1) US5577885A (en)
    EP (1) EP0690204B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3696657B2 (en)
    DE (2) DE4422594A1 (en)
    DK (1) DK0690204T3 (en)
    FI (1) FI112108B (en)

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    DE29806905U1 (en) * 1998-04-16 1998-07-09 Feodor Burgmann Dichtungswerke GmbH & Co, 82515 Wolfratshausen Mechanical seal arrangement, in particular for liquid gas sealing
    DE19831988A1 (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-20 Abb Patent Gmbh Turbo machine with mechanical seals
    DE19951570A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-03 Abb Patent Gmbh Device for compensating the axial thrust in turbomachinery
    US9363481B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2016-06-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Protected media pipeline
    US8146922B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2012-04-03 Dresser-Rand Company Shaft isolation seal
    EP2262101A1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2010-12-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and assembly for turning-gear operation of a turbo-generating set
    US20110164965A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 General Electric Company Steam turbine stationary component seal
    US9790863B2 (en) 2013-04-05 2017-10-17 Honeywell International Inc. Fluid transfer seal assemblies, fluid transfer systems, and methods for transferring process fluid between stationary and rotating components using the same
    EP3517787B1 (en) * 2017-02-02 2021-05-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Compressor

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0690204A3 (en) 1997-11-19
    FI953171A0 (en) 1995-06-27
    JP3696657B2 (en) 2005-09-21
    DE4422594A1 (en) 1996-01-04
    FI953171A (en) 1995-12-29
    FI112108B (en) 2003-10-31
    EP0690204A2 (en) 1996-01-03
    DE59510430D1 (en) 2002-11-28
    DK0690204T3 (en) 2002-12-02
    JPH0849503A (en) 1996-02-20
    US5577885A (en) 1996-11-26

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