EP0694636A1 - Screw connection, particularly for weaving frame linkages - Google Patents

Screw connection, particularly for weaving frame linkages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0694636A1
EP0694636A1 EP95110390A EP95110390A EP0694636A1 EP 0694636 A1 EP0694636 A1 EP 0694636A1 EP 95110390 A EP95110390 A EP 95110390A EP 95110390 A EP95110390 A EP 95110390A EP 0694636 A1 EP0694636 A1 EP 0694636A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
countersunk
screw
outer section
cylindrical outer
threaded nut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95110390A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0694636B1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Rupflin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lindauer Dornier GmbH
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Lindauer Dornier GmbH
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0694636A1 publication Critical patent/EP0694636A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0694636B1 publication Critical patent/EP0694636B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03C—SHEDDING MECHANISMS; PATTERN CARDS OR CHAINS; PUNCHING OF CARDS; DESIGNING PATTERNS
    • D03C9/00—Healds; Heald frames
    • D03C9/06—Heald frames
    • D03C9/0683—Arrangements or means for the linking to the drive system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to screw connections which engage in particular in the articulation points of the shaft linkage, for example in the articulation connection of the drive and pull rod, and connect them to one another.
  • the screw connection consists of an element functioning as a countersunk screw nut and an element functioning as a countersunk screw.
  • connection-side end of the shaft rod forms an articulated fork with a first and a second fork leg.
  • Each fork leg is provided with an open, conical shape that is diametrically opposed to each other.
  • the inner ring of a roller bearing present in the respective other shaft rod is centered between the forms.
  • the countersunk threaded nut is loosely received in the shape.
  • a screw connection of this type has the disadvantage that when the screw connection is made and released, the countersunk-head threaded nut accommodated in the shape is also turned. This considerably complicates the assembly and disassembly process of the shaft linkage within the weaving machine.
  • the object is achieved in that the countersunk threaded nut forms a first cylindrical outer section adjoining the countersunk head and has a second cylindrical outer section adjoining this, which has a smaller diameter than the first outer section.
  • the first cylindrical outer section has a surface of this type in order to produce a frictional and thus a rotationally fixed connection between itself and another counter surface.
  • the surface of the first cylindrical outer section preferably forms a serration, which at least to the transition area between the countersunk head of the countersunk threaded nut and its first cylindrical outer section.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show the countersunk threaded nut 1 with a thread 2 formed over its length.
  • the countersunk head 3 of the threaded nut 1 has a taper that corresponds to the conical shape 4 in one of the fork legs 5, 6 of the shaft linkage part 7, see also FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the countersunk head 3 merges into a first cylindrical outer section 8, which is adjoined by a second cylindrical outer section 9, which at the same time forms the screw-in side for the countersunk head screw 10.
  • the outer diameter "D1" of the first cylindrical outer section 8 is larger than the outer diameter "d" of the second cylindrical outer section 9.
  • the surface of the first cylindrical outer section 8 forms a serration 11 which extends at least into the transition region 12 between the countersunk head 3 and the first cylindrical outer section 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows the free end of the shaft linkage part 7 with the screw connection consisting of countersunk screw nut 1 and countersunk screw 10 in a front view.
  • the screw-in side is visible from the countersunk screw 10.
  • the multi-key bore 13 present in the countersunk screw 10, into which a correspondingly designed screwing tool engages, can be clearly seen here.

Abstract

The screw connection for shank rod systems of looms, consists of an element functioning as a countersunk threaded nut and an element functioning as a countersunk screw. The nut (1) features a first cylindrical outer section (8) adjoining the sunk head (3) and a second adjacent cylindrical outer section (9) with a smaller outer dia than the first one. The surface of the first section (8) permits a friction-locking connection between itself and the inner end section of the conical definition of a rod system part. The screw features a spline bore which penetrates axially and can be engaged with a screw tool.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Schraubverbindungen, die insbesondere in den Gelenkstellen der Schaftgestänge, z.B. in die Gelenkverbindung der Antriebs- und Zugstange eingreifen und diese miteinander verbinden.
Die Schraubverbindung besteht dabei aus einem als Senkkopf-Gewindemutter fungierenden Element und aus einem als Senkkopf-Schraube fungierenden Element.The invention relates to screw connections which engage in particular in the articulation points of the shaft linkage, for example in the articulation connection of the drive and pull rod, and connect them to one another.
The screw connection consists of an element functioning as a countersunk screw nut and an element functioning as a countersunk screw.

Bei bekannten Schaftgestängen bildet das verbindungsseitige Ende der Schaftstange eine Gelenkgabel mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Gabelschenkel aus. Jeder Gabelschenkel ist mit einer offenen, konischen Ausprägung versehen, die einander diametral gegenüberliegen.In known shaft linkages, the connection-side end of the shaft rod forms an articulated fork with a first and a second fork leg. Each fork leg is provided with an open, conical shape that is diametrically opposed to each other.

Zwischen den Ausprägungen ist der innere Ring eines in der betreffenden anderen Schaftstange vorhandenen Rollenlagers zentriert.
Zur klemmenden Verbindung des Rollenlager-Innenringes mit dem verbindungsseitigen Ende der Schaftstange ist bekannt, mittels einer Senkkopf-Gewindemutter und einer Senkkopf-Schraube den Innenring zwischen die Gabelschenkel einzuspannen. Die Senkkopf-Gewindemutter ist dabei lose in der Ausprägung aufgenommen.
Eine derartige Schraubverbindung besitzt den Nachteil, daß beim Herstellen und Lösen der Schraubverbindung ein Mitdrehen der in der Ausprägung aufgenommenen Senkkopf-Gewindemutter zu verzeichnen ist. Dies erschwert den Montage- und Demontage-Prozess der Schaftgestänge innerhalb der Webmaschine erheblich.The inner ring of a roller bearing present in the respective other shaft rod is centered between the forms.
For the clamping connection of the roller bearing inner ring to the connection-side end of the shaft rod, it is known to clamp the inner ring between the fork legs by means of a countersunk screw nut and a countersunk screw. The countersunk threaded nut is loosely received in the shape.
A screw connection of this type has the disadvantage that when the screw connection is made and released, the countersunk-head threaded nut accommodated in the shape is also turned. This considerably complicates the assembly and disassembly process of the shaft linkage within the weaving machine.

Um ferner eine gewisse Sicherheit u.a. gegen ungewolltes Lösen der Schraube-Mutter-Verbindung zu erhalten, ist man den Weg gegangen, zwischen dem Gewinde der Senkkopf-Gewindemutter und dem Gewinde der Senkkopf-Schraube eine hochfeste Klebverbindung herzustellen.
Bei einer erforderlichen Demontage der Schraubverbindung, dies ist z.B. bei verschlissenen Lagern oder aus anderweitigen Gründen erforderlich, erwies sich diese Klebverbindung als sehr nachteilig, weil die an sich unlösbare Verbindung nicht ohne zusätzliche Hilfsmittel gelöst werden konnte.
Als zusätzliche Hilfsmittel kommen z.B. Heißluft oder eine Gasflamme in Betracht und zwar mit einer Temperatur, die im Stande ist, den Klebstoff zu erweichen.
Diese Maßnahme führt in der Regel zur Zerstörung des zwischen den Gabelschenkeln aufgenommenen Lagers und zu Beeinträchtigungen der Gestängeteile im Bereich ihrer Erwärmung.In order to obtain a certain level of security, inter alia, against unintentional loosening of the screw-nut connection, the way has been taken to produce a high-strength adhesive connection between the thread of the countersunk screw nut and the thread of the countersunk screw.
If the screw connection has to be dismantled, this is necessary, for example, in the case of worn bearings or for other reasons, this adhesive connection has proven to be very disadvantageous because the connection, which in itself cannot be detached, could not be released without additional aids.
Hot air or a gas flame, for example, can be used as additional aids and at a temperature that is capable of softening the adhesive.
This measure usually leads to the destruction of the bearing accommodated between the fork legs and to impairment of the rod parts in the area of their heating.

Davon ausgehend ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Schraubverbindung zur Verwendung in den Gelenkstellen der Schaftgestänge von Webmaschinen zu schaffen, die eine sichere Klemmverbindung zwischen den konischen Ausprägungen der Gabelschenkel und dem Innenring des Rollenlagers herstellt und diese Verbindung mühelos lösbar ist.Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to provide a screw connection for use in the articulation points of the shaft linkages of weaving machines, which creates a secure clamping connection between the conical shapes of the fork legs and the inner ring of the roller bearing and this connection can be released easily.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Senkkopf-Gewindemutter einen sich an den Senkkopf anschließenden ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt ausbildet und einen sich an diesen anschließenden zweiten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt aufweist, der im Vergleich zu dem ersten Außenabschnitt einen geringeren Durchmesser besitzt.
Der erste zylindrische Außenabschnitt weist eine derartige Oberfläche auf, um zwischen sich und einer anderen Gegenfläche eine reibschlüssige und damit eine drehfeste Verbindung herzustellen.
Vorzugsweise bildet hier die Oberfläche des ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnittes eine Kerbverzahnung aus, die wenigstens bis in den Übergangsbereich zwischen den Senkkopf der Senkkopf-Gewindemutter und deren ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt reicht.
Die drehfeste Verbindung zwischen der betreffenden konischen Ausbildung und der Senkkopf-Gewindemutter wird durch einen Pressvorgang realisiert.
In die drehfest mit dem einen Gabelschenkel verbundene Senkkopf-Gewindemutter ist die Senkkopf-Schraube einschraubbar. Diese Schraube ist in bekannter Weise mit einem über die Schraubenlänge ausgebildeten Innensechskant ausgerüstet. Zur besseren Übertragung der Anzugsmomente ist es vorteilhaft, wenn anstelle eines Innensechskants die Schraube mit einer Vielkeilbohrung ausgerüstet ist, oder wenigstens ein Mitnahmelement vorhanden ist.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the countersunk threaded nut forms a first cylindrical outer section adjoining the countersunk head and has a second cylindrical outer section adjoining this, which has a smaller diameter than the first outer section.
The first cylindrical outer section has a surface of this type in order to produce a frictional and thus a rotationally fixed connection between itself and another counter surface.
The surface of the first cylindrical outer section preferably forms a serration, which at least to the transition area between the countersunk head of the countersunk threaded nut and its first cylindrical outer section.
The rotationally fixed connection between the conical design in question and the countersunk threaded nut is realized by a pressing process.
The countersunk screw can be screwed into the countersunk screw nut, which is non-rotatably connected to the fork leg. This screw is equipped in a known manner with an internal hexagon formed over the screw length. For better transmission of the tightening torques, it is advantageous if, instead of a hexagon socket, the screw is equipped with a multi-key bore or at least one driving element is present.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehende anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben werden:The invention will be described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment:

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
: die Senkkkopf-Gewindemutter im Halbschnitt mit der Kerbverzahnung,
Fig. 2
: einen Teil eines Schaftgestängeteils mit den Ausprägungen als Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 3
: die Schraubverbindung mit dem Innenring eines Rollenlagers, das zwischen den konischen Ausprägungen der Gabelschenkel angeordnet ist, in der Vorderansicht,
Fig. 4
: einen Schnitt gem. der Linie A-B nach Fig. 3.
Show it:
Fig. 1
: the countersunk threaded nut in half cut with the serration,
Fig. 2
: part of a shaft rod part with the characteristics as a sectional view,
Fig. 3
: the screw connection with the inner ring of a roller bearing, which is arranged between the conical shapes of the fork legs, in the front view,
Fig. 4
: a cut acc. the line AB according to FIG. 3.

Fig. 1 zeigt die Senkkopf-Gewindemutter 1 mit einem über ihre Länge ausgebildeten Gewinde 2.
Der Senkkopf 3 der Gewindemutter 1 weist eine Konizität auf, die der konischen Ausprägung 4 in einem der Gabelschenkel 5,6 des Schaftgestängeteils 7 entspricht, siehe auch Fig. 2 und 4.1 shows the countersunk threaded nut 1 with a thread 2 formed over its length.
The countersunk head 3 of the threaded nut 1 has a taper that corresponds to the conical shape 4 in one of the fork legs 5, 6 of the shaft linkage part 7, see also FIGS. 2 and 4.

Der Senkkopf 3 geht in einen ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt 8 über, an dem sich ein zweiter zylindrischer Außenabschnitt 9 anschließt, der zugleich die Einschraubseite für die Senkkopfschraube 10 bildet.The countersunk head 3 merges into a first cylindrical outer section 8, which is adjoined by a second cylindrical outer section 9, which at the same time forms the screw-in side for the countersunk head screw 10.

Der Außendurchmesser "D1" des ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnittes 8 ist im Vergleich zum Außendurchmesser "d" des zweiten zylindrischen Außenabschnitte 9 größer ausgebildet. Die Oberfläche des ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnittes 8 bildet eine Kerbverzahnung 11 aus, die wenigstens in den Übergangsbereich 12 zwischen dem Senkkopf 3 und dem ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt 8 hineinreicht.The outer diameter "D1" of the first cylindrical outer section 8 is larger than the outer diameter "d" of the second cylindrical outer section 9. The surface of the first cylindrical outer section 8 forms a serration 11 which extends at least into the transition region 12 between the countersunk head 3 and the first cylindrical outer section 8.

Fig. 2 zeigt das Schaftgestängeteil 7. Das Schaftgestängeteil 7 besitzt zwei Gabelschenkel 5 und 6. Jeder Gabelschenkel 5 und 6 besitzt eine konische Ausprägung 4. Die konische Ausprägung 4 im Gabelschenkel 5 bildet nach dem Einpressen der Gewindemutter 1 eine Innenkontur aus, die neben dem ersten konischen Abschnitt 4a aus einem zweiten zylindrischen Abschnitt 4b besteht. Der Innendurchmesser D2 der konischen Ausprägung 4 im Gabelschenkel 5 ist dabei so bemessen, daß der erste zylindrische Abschnitt 8 der Senkkopf-Gewindemutter 1 mit dem Durchmesser D1 und der Länge L1 mit der konischen Ausprägung 4 im Gabelschenkel 5 nach dem Einpressen drehfest verbunden ist.Fig. 2 shows the shaft linkage part 7. The shaft linkage part 7 has two fork legs 5 and 6. Each fork leg 5 and 6 has a conical shape 4. The conical shape 4 in the fork leg 5 forms an inner contour after pressing in the threaded nut 1, which next to the first conical section 4a consists of a second cylindrical section 4b. The inner diameter D2 of the conical shape 4 in the fork leg 5 is dimensioned such that the first cylindrical section 8 of the countersunk threaded nut 1 with the diameter D1 and the length L1 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the conical shape 4 in the fork leg 5 after the pressing.

Fig. 3 zeigt das freie Ende des Schaftgestängeteils 7 mit der aus Senkkopf-Gewindemutter 1 und Senkkopf-Schraube 10 bestehenden Schraubverbindung in der Vorderansicht. Von der Senkkopf-Schraube 10 ist die Einschraubseite sichtbar. Die in der Senkkopf-Schraube 10 vorhandene Vielkeilbohrung 13, in die ein entsprechend ausgebildetes Schraubwerkzeug eingreift, ist hier deutlich zu sehen.3 shows the free end of the shaft linkage part 7 with the screw connection consisting of countersunk screw nut 1 and countersunk screw 10 in a front view. The screw-in side is visible from the countersunk screw 10. The multi-key bore 13 present in the countersunk screw 10, into which a correspondingly designed screwing tool engages, can be clearly seen here.

In Fig. 4 ist die Senkkopf-Gewindemutter 1 in die konische Ausprägung 4 des Gabelschenkels 5 eingepresst. Damit besteht zwischen der Gewindemutter 1 und der Ausprägung 4 eine drehfeste Verbindung. Die Senkkopf-Schraube 10 mit der Vielkeilbohrung 13 ist in das Gewinde 2 der Senkkopf-Gewindemutter 1 eingeschraubt. Dadurch ist der Innenring 14 eines nicht dargestellten Rollenlagers zwischen dem Gabelschenkel 5 und 6 fest eingespannt.4, the countersunk threaded nut 1 is pressed into the conical shape 4 of the fork leg 5. So there is a between the threaded nut 1 and the expression 4 non-rotatable connection. The countersunk screw 10 with the multi-spline bore 13 is screwed into the thread 2 of the countersunk screw nut 1. As a result, the inner ring 14 of a roller bearing, not shown, is firmly clamped between the fork legs 5 and 6.

ZEICHNUNGS-LEGENDEDRAWING LEGEND

11
Senkkopf-GewindemutterCountersunk threaded nut
22nd
Gewindethread
33rd
SenkkopfCountersunk head
44th
AusprägungExpression
4a4a
konischer Abschnittconical section
4b4b
zylindrischer Abschnittcylindrical section
55
GabelschenkelFork leg
66
GabelschenkelFork leg
77
SchaftgestängeteilStem part
88th
erster zylindrischer Außenabschnittfirst cylindrical outer section
99
zweiter zylindrischer Außenabschnittsecond cylindrical outer section
1010th
Senkkopf-SchraubeCountersunk screw
1111
KerbverzahnungSerration
1212th
ÜbergangsbereichTransition area
1313
Bohrungdrilling
13a13a
MitnahmeelementDriving element
1414
InnenringInner ring
D1D1
Außendurchmesserouter diameter
DD
Außendurchmesserouter diameter
D2D2
InnendurchmesserInside diameter
L1L1
Längelength

Claims (5)

Schraubverbindung für Schaftgestänge von Webmaschinen, bestehend aus einem als Senkkopf-Gewindemutter (1) fungierenden Element und einem als Senkkopf-Schraube (10) fungierenden Element, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Senkkopf-Gewindemutter (1) einen sich an den Senkkopf (3) anschließenden ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt (8) und einen sich daran anschließenden zweiten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt (9) mit einem zum ersten Außenabschnitt (8) vergleichweise geringeren Außendurchmesser "d" aufweist, daß der erste zylindrische Außenabschnitt (8) eine derartige Oberfläche besitzt, um zwischen sich und dem Innenkontur-Endabschnitt (4b) der konischen Ausprägung (4) eines Schaftgestängeteils (7) eine reibschlüssige Verbindung herzustellen und daß die Senkkopf-Schraube (10) eine axial durchgehende Bohrung (13) mit wenigstens einem Mitnahmeelement (13a) aufweist, mit dem ein Schraubwerkzeug in Eingriff bringbar ist.Screw connection for shaft linkages of weaving machines, consisting of an element acting as a countersunk threaded nut (1) and an element functioning as a countersunk screw (10), characterized in that the countersunk threaded nut (1) adjoins the countersunk head (3) has a first cylindrical outer section (8) and an adjoining second cylindrical outer section (9) with an outer diameter "d" which is comparatively smaller than that of the first outer section (8), that the first cylindrical outer section (8) has such a surface to be between itself and the inner contour end portion (4b) of the conical shape (4) of a shaft rod part (7) to produce a frictional connection and that the countersunk screw (10) has an axially continuous bore (13) with at least one driving element (13a) with which a Screwing tool can be brought into engagement. Schraubverbindung in Schaftgestänge von Webmaschinen, wobei das verbindungsseitige Ende des einen Schaftgestängeteils (7), das einen ersten und einen zweiten Gabelschenkel (5,6) aufweist, eine erste und eine zweite sich diametral gegenüberliegende, offene, konische Ausprägung (4) besitzt, zwischen denen der Innenring (14) eines in dem betreffenden anderen Schaftgestängeteil aufgenommenen Rollenlagers zentriert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer der konischen Ausprägungen (4) ein als Senkkopf-Gewindemutter (1) fungierendes Element drehfest und von diesem lösbar aufgenommen ist und in die andere konische Ausprägung ein als Senkkopf-Schraube (10) fungierendes Element einsetzbar und mit dem drehfesten Element verschraubbar ist.Screw connection in the shaft linkage of weaving machines, the connection-side end of the one shaft linkage part (7), which has a first and a second fork leg (5, 6), has a first and a second, diametrically opposite, open, conical shape (4), between which the inner ring (14) of a roller bearing accommodated in the relevant other shaft linkage part is centered, characterized in that in one of the conical forms (4) an element acting as a countersunk threaded nut (1) is rotationally fixed and detachably received by it and into the another conical shape an element acting as countersunk screw (10) can be used and screwed to the non-rotatable element. Schraubverbindung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der konischen Ausprägungen (4) mit dem ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt (8) der Senkkopf-Gewindemutter (1) in reibschlüssiger Verbindung steht.Screw connection according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that one of the conical shapes (4) is in frictional connection with the first cylindrical outer section (8) of the countersunk threaded nut (1). Schraubverbindung nach Anspuch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche des ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnittes (8) eine Kerbverzahnung (11) aufweist.Screw connection according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the first cylindrical outer section (8) has a serration (11). Schraubverbindung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche des Übergangsbereiches (12), die zwischen dem Senkkopf (3) und dem ersten zylindrischen Außenabschnitt (8) der Senkkopf-Gewindemuter (1) liegt, kerbverzahnt ist.Screw connection according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the transition region (12), which lies between the countersunk head (3) and the first cylindrical outer section (8) of the countersunk head nut (1), is serrated.
EP95110390A 1994-07-30 1995-07-04 Screw connection, particularly for weaving frame linkages Expired - Lifetime EP0694636B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4427127A DE4427127C1 (en) 1994-07-30 1994-07-30 Screw connection for shank rod systems of looms
DE4427127 1994-07-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0694636A1 true EP0694636A1 (en) 1996-01-31
EP0694636B1 EP0694636B1 (en) 1999-12-08

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EP95110390A Expired - Lifetime EP0694636B1 (en) 1994-07-30 1995-07-04 Screw connection, particularly for weaving frame linkages

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US (1) US6113330A (en)
EP (1) EP0694636B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2793151B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4427127C1 (en)

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FR2913079B1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-01-01 Staubli Sa Ets BEVERAGE BEARING WITH LUBRICATING CAVITY AND WORK DRAWING SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A BEARING
EP2586895B1 (en) * 2011-10-31 2018-12-19 Groz-Beckert KG Connection device for connecting a heald frame with a shaft drive
DE102012001087A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2013-07-25 Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg COMBINATION OF FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT AND PRESSURE DISC
FR3002546B1 (en) * 2013-02-25 2015-08-14 Staubli Sa Ets BELT BELONGING TO A WEAVING AND WEAVING BUSINESS INCLUDING THIS ROD

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Also Published As

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JPH0849132A (en) 1996-02-20
EP0694636B1 (en) 1999-12-08
DE59507367D1 (en) 2000-01-13
DE4427127C1 (en) 1995-07-06
JP2793151B2 (en) 1998-09-03
US6113330A (en) 2000-09-05

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