EP0693601B1 - Wandaufbau für transportfähige Einheiten - Google Patents

Wandaufbau für transportfähige Einheiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0693601B1
EP0693601B1 EP19950305138 EP95305138A EP0693601B1 EP 0693601 B1 EP0693601 B1 EP 0693601B1 EP 19950305138 EP19950305138 EP 19950305138 EP 95305138 A EP95305138 A EP 95305138A EP 0693601 B1 EP0693601 B1 EP 0693601B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall panel
limbs
panel according
limb
bracing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19950305138
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0693601A3 (de
EP0693601A2 (de
Inventor
Stephen Charles Botham
Christopher John Hoggarth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Portakabin Ltd
Original Assignee
Portakabin Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Portakabin Ltd filed Critical Portakabin Ltd
Publication of EP0693601A2 publication Critical patent/EP0693601A2/de
Publication of EP0693601A3 publication Critical patent/EP0693601A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0693601B1 publication Critical patent/EP0693601B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a wall panel, hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified, in or for a building unit, hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified.
  • a wall panel of the kind specified comprises a structural sandwich having inner and outer skins sandwiching therebetween and being bonded to an infilling.
  • the infilling is a rigid foam or expanded plastics material.
  • a portable building unit of the kind specified we mean a portable building unit which is factory assembled for delivery to a prepared site in an assembled condition complete with at least a floor structure and a side wall comprising a wall panel.
  • the building unit may have four side walls, or where the unit is to be assembled with other similar units it may have one or more side walls omitted. Where the unit is for a single storey building or is for the top storey of a multi-storey building it may have a roof structure.
  • the invention has been particularly devised in connection with a building unit of the kind specified having a wall panel connected to a floor structure and to a leg means whereby floor loads are transmitted through the wall panel to the leg means.
  • the wall panel may support a roof structure and so also transmit roof loads to the leg means.
  • a wall panel of the kind specified has comprised a timber peripheral frame, a bottom member of which is fastened to the floor structure.
  • a timber peripheral frame a bottom member of which is fastened to the floor structure.
  • the connection of the wall panel to the floor structure must transmit the above mentioned floor loads between the floor structure and the wall panel.
  • the presence of a timber bottom peripheral frame member can lead to inadequacy in the connection, particularly because the timber is susceptible to rot, especially as it is relatively close to the ground.
  • an object of the invention is to overcome or to reduce the above mentioned disadvantages hitherto encountered with a wall panel of the kind specified.
  • a wall panel provided with a frame member extending along or adjacent one edge of the panel and the frame member comprising a frame element comprising a channel shape formation comprising two spaced limbs defining an open mouth therebetween at their one ends and interconnected by a transversely extending web and having a plurality of bracing elements extending transversely between the limbs and disposed between the one ends of the limbs and said web and arranged at spaced positions longitudinally of the frame element, characterised in that the panel is in or for a portable building unit, the wall panel comprising a structural sandwich having inner and outer skins sandwiching therebetween and bonded to an infilling.
  • the frame element is of channel shape and the web interconnects the limbs at their other ends.
  • bracing elements in combination with a frame element having said channel form permits the use of a relatively thin wall member for the frame element and made of suitable material such as steel or other metal or a plastics material with or without suitable reinforcement, whilst providing adequate strength to resist forces imposed during use of the structure as well as being rugged enough for transport and manufacture of the panel.
  • a plurality of pairs of opposed apertures may be provided in the limbs to receive, in the apertures of each pair, a fastener to connect the wall panel to a floor structure.
  • a recess is provided around an aperture of each pair in at least one limb to receive a part of the fastener.
  • each aperture of each pair Preferably a recess is provided around each aperture of each pair.
  • the or each recess may be of generally frusto-conical configuration.
  • the or each recess may be provided by a deformed region of the limb in which the apertures are provided.
  • Each bracing element may be retained between the limbs by engagement of an inwardly deformed region of the limb with the bracing element.
  • Each bracing element may comprise a tube.
  • Each bracing element may comprise a generally cylindrical tube.
  • the inwardly deformed regions of the limbs may be engaged within the ends of the tube to retain the tubular bracing element between the limbs.
  • the inwardly deformed region on the opposite side thereof to that which engages the bracing element may provide a said recess.
  • the panel may have at least one other frame member extending along or adjacent at least one other edge of the panel and preferably the panel has a peripheral frame comprised of said frame element and other frame members.
  • the or each other frame member may be made of timber.
  • the frame members may be connected to each other.
  • the outer skin of the wall panel may comprise a plurality of sheets, the longer edges of the sheets being disposed to extend vertically and having at their adjacent longer edges inturned flanges which are secured together.
  • Openings may be provided in the channel shaped element to receive the flanges.
  • the frame element may be disposed with the one ends of the limbs facing outwardly of the panel and the transversely extending web disposed transversely of the thickness of the panel.
  • the openings for the flanges may be provided in the transversely extending part and in the limbs adjacent to the transversely extending part.
  • the limbs may be generally planar, as may be the transversely extending part which may extend perpendicular to each limb.
  • the outer skin of the wall panel may comprise a plurality of sheets, the longer edges of the sheets being disposed to extend horizontally and the shorter edges of the sheets extending vertically and the sheets having at their adjacent longer edges inturned flanges which are secured together.
  • the frame element may have a rebate provided in the limb adjacent the outer skin, the rebate providing a shoulder which faces towards the free end of the associated limb and the outer skin may conform to the shape of the rebated limb.
  • the frame element may be fastened to an element of the floor structure by means of a threaded fastener comprising a shank and first and second abutments provided on the shank, at least one of the abutments being threadedly engaged with the shank for axial movement relative thereto, with one abutment in clamping relationship with an outer limb of the channel section element and the other abutment in clamping engagement with the element of the floor structure with the shank of the fastener extending through a bracing element.
  • a threaded fastener comprising a shank and first and second abutments provided on the shank, at least one of the abutments being threadedly engaged with the shank for axial movement relative thereto, with one abutment in clamping relationship with an outer limb of the channel section element and the other abutment in clamping engagement with the element of the floor structure with the shank of the fastener extending through a bracing element.
  • said one abutment is fixed to the shank and comprises, for example, a head of a bolt and the other abutment comprises a nut threadedly engaged with the shank.
  • the nut may be fixed relative to the frame element.
  • a method of making a wall panel of the kind specified comprising the step of taking a frame element comprising a channel shape formation comprising two spaced limbs defining an open mouth therebetween at their one ends and interconnected by a transversely extending part, positioning a plurality of bracing elements to extend transversely between the limbs and disposed between the one end of the limbs and said web at spaced positions longitudinally of the frame element, and acting on the outwardly facing surface of at least one of the limbs with a tool adjacent said bracing elements to provide an inwardly deformed formation to engage a bracing element to retain it between the limbs.
  • the tool punches an aperture in the limb within the inwardly deformed formation.
  • the method comprises acting on the outwardly facing surface of both limbs with pairs of opposed tools adjacent said bracing elements to provide inwardly deformed formations to engage opposite ends of the bracing elements to retain them between the limbs.
  • pairs of opposed tools punch apertures in the limbs within the respective inwardly deformed formations.
  • the inwardly deformed formation may be of generally frusto-conical configuration and may provide a recess in the outwardly facing surface of the limb.
  • the or each tool may comprise a leading, piercing, portion and a trailing, deforming, portion of greater cross-sectional dimension than the piercing portion, the piercing portion being adapted to pierce the aperture in a limb and the trailing portion being adapted to bend or swage the material of the limb in co-operation with the bracing element to form the inwardly deformed formation.
  • the bracing element is generally cylindrical, at least at the ends thereof, and the deforming portion is frusto-conical having a larger diameter which is at least equal to the internal diameter of the bracing element.
  • the piercing portion may be generally cylindrical and of a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the smaller end of the deforming portion.
  • the or each tool may be caused to act on the channel shaped element by a fluid operated piston and cylinder means.
  • an individual fluid operated piston cylinder means provided for each tool.
  • the method may comprise the step of disposing a plurality of bracing elements on locating means at predetermined positions in a piercing and forming apparatus, the locating means being disposed in a predetermined relationship with pairs of opposed tools, disposing the channel section element with the one ends of the limbs facing downwardly over the bracing elements and then carrying out said step of acting on the outwardly facing surface of the limbs with the pairs of opposed tools.
  • a portable building unit of the kind specified comprising a wall panel according to the first aspect of the invention or a wall panel made by a method according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • a portable building of generally right parallelepiped configuration having two longer side walls 12 and two shorter end walls 13, a roof structure 14 and a floor structure 15.
  • Door and window openings are provided in the walls as shown at 16 and 17 respectively.
  • the doors and windows may be located at other positions than those shown.
  • the building unit is provided with four legs 18, two on each side of the building arranged symmetrically.
  • the floor structure 15 comprises two parallel longitudinally extending floor side beams 19, 20 disposed to extend along the longitudinal sides of the floor structure.
  • the floor side beams 19, 20 are identical and are made as rolled sections in steel and are of essentially channel configuration with the web of the channel disposed vertically and the limbs extending inwardly of the floor structure.
  • the outer cross-beams 23 are of channel configuration with the web disposed horizontally and the limbs extending vertically downwardly and are provided with out-turned lateral flanges.
  • the intermediate cross-beams 23 a are of channel configuration but with the webs disposed vertically and the limbs disposed so as to extend towards one side of the building unit and each upper limb has a downwardly depending flange 23 b .
  • the cross-beams are provided with cut-outs at each end to accommodate the limbs of the side beams.
  • a floor deck 24 made of moisture resistant structural board, such as wood particle board with a fully bonded veneer covering. However, if desired, other material may be used.
  • the cross-beams 23, 23 a are connected to top hat section skids 27 made of galvanised rolled steel section and provided to sit on a lorry bed during transportation.
  • Each wall of the building unit is formed as a panel having a stressed skin structural sandwich of inner and outer skins 30, 31 which are sandwiched between and bonded together by means of a polyurethane foam 32.
  • a peripheral frame 33 is provided between the inner and outer skins.
  • the outer skin 31 comprises a coloured steel cladding, for example, galvanised steel sheet having a coloured PVC coating on the external surface to give a long and maintenance free life.
  • the outer skin 31 is made up of a plurality of such galvanised steel sheets 37 which, as best shown in Figures 4 and 10, are seamed vertically with one sheet being formed with a wider flange 34 at one edge and a narrower flange 35 at the other edge.
  • the joint is formed by folding the free marginal portion 36 of the wider flange 34 around the free edge of the narrower flange 35 to lie in face-to-face relation with the adjacent portion of the latter on the side thereof remote from the remainder of the wider flange.
  • the folded over portion of the two flanges may then, if desired, be further folded over as a whole through 180° to form a joint having five thicknesses of metal with the marginal edged portion 36 of the wider flange sandwiched between portions of the narrower flange and with such three layer portion itself sandwiched between portions of the wider flange.
  • Such a joint can be formed by rolling in two successive operations, if desired.
  • the panels 38 may be interconnected by other configurations of interconnected flanges such as by clipping together equal length upstanding flanges or otherwise securing flanges together, or indeed the sheets may be secured together in any other desired convenient manner.
  • the internal skin 30 is made of galvanised steel sheet with a polyester powder coating, or of gypsum wallboard, but may be made of any other desired material.
  • the polyurethane foam is 47mm thick which gives good thermal insulation and securely bonds the sheets together.
  • the peripheral frame 33 comprises an upper member 38 and end vertical members 39.
  • intermediate vertical members are provided as shown at 40.
  • the intermediate members are provided adjacent the seams between the sheets 37, the number and positioning of the intermediate members 40 and the sizes of the sheets 37 being chosen in accordance with the overall size of the particular panel desired and the available maximum width of the sheets 37.
  • the inner skin 30 is also provided with inwardly directed flanges shown at 30 a in Figures 10 and 11 and these are received in a slot 30b provided in the intermediate frame member 40 and also in a peripheral frame member 39. It will be seen that the sheets 37 of the inner and outer skins overlie the majority of the extent of the peripheral frame member but leave a small portion 30 c , 31 a of the peripheral frame members exposed respectively.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show an example of an alternative configuration of panel and hence the same reference numerals have been used to refer to corresponding parts.
  • the frame 33 also has a bottom member 41 which comprises a channel shaped element made, in the present example, of galvanised cold rolled steel, as best shown in Figures 3 and 8, and comprises spaced generally parallel inner and outer limbs 42 a , 42 b which define an open mouth between their one ends 44 and which are interconnected at their other ends by a transversely extending web 43.
  • the channel is disposed so that the web 43 is disposed inwardly of the panel whilst the one ends 44 of the limbs are disposed facing downwardly.
  • the panels 37 of the outer skin overlie an upper part of the outer limb 42 b , to leave a lower part exposed, as shown at 31 a , whilst the panels of the inner skin overlie the inner limb 42 a to leave a lower part exposed, as shown at 30 a .
  • the inner and outer limbs 42 a , 42 b have an inwardly deformed formation 45 which is of frusto-conical configuration providing an aperture 46 and a recess or countersink 47.
  • a cylindrical bracing element 53 is disposed between the limbs 42 a , 42 b and, as hereinafter to be described, during assembly is retained theredisposed by the formations 45.
  • the wall panels are connected to the roof structure 14 by means of being screwed to the upper frame member 38 by wood screws 56.
  • Each leg 18 comprises an upper part 18a of hollow rectangular tubular configuration to provide a socket which receives telescopically a lower part 18 b with suitable means such as peg 18 c to permit the two parts of the leg to be interconnected at a desired extension.
  • the legs are attached to the building unit, as shown in Figure 1, by means of bolts 18 d , 18 e passing through brackets 18f disposed on opposite sides of the legs 18 at the top and bottom of the unit respectively.
  • the bolts 18 d pass through the upper frame member 38 with their heads disposed inside a roof duct and with a nut engaged with their threaded end adjacent the bracket 18 f .
  • the bolts 18 e pass through the bottom member 41 with their heads disposed adjacent the brackets 18 f and are surrounded by a bracing element 53 and threadedly engaged with a rivet nut captive with the web of the floor frame members 19, 20.
  • the unit described above has structural integrity which is afforded by the floor side beams 19, 20 and cross-beams 23, 23 a , the stressed structural sandwich panels and in particular the channel shaped element 41 comprising the bottom frame member thereof in combination with the bracing elements 53 and the bolted connection to the side and cross-members 19, 20 and 23 a of the floor structure, together with the connection of the wall panels to the roof structure 14 and the connection of the wall panels to the legs 18.
  • FIGS. 21 and 22 These illustrate one station of an apparatus for acting on a channel section steel element to form apertures and inwardly deformed formations in the limbs thereof at predetermined positions along the length thereof to provide the channel shape element 41.
  • the apparatus comprises a V or U-section block 60 mounted in a recess 61 of a support 62 in which opposed tools 63 are slidably mounted under the control of hydraulic piston and cylinder unit 64.
  • the support 62 is mounted on a base 65 for movement longitudinally of the apparatus and is guided by means of a co-operating key and keyway assembly 66.
  • a gauging arm 67 together with a locating screw 68 is provided so that each mounting block 62 at each station can be positioned accurately at a desired longitudinal relative position.
  • a cylindrical spacer element 53 is rested on each V-shaped block 60 and then a channel shaped element 41 is disposed over the spacer elements 53 and moved downwardly until it engages supports 69.
  • the piston and cylinder units 64 are actuated to move the tools 62 inwardly towards each other so that they act upon the limbs 42, 43 of the channel shaped element 41 to pierce an aperture 46 therein and form the above described frusto-conical inwardly deformed formation 45.
  • Each tool 63 has a leading portion 70 of cylindrical shape having a flat circular end surface, and a trailing frusto-conical forming portion 71, the smaller diameter end of which merges with the cylindrical portion 70 and the larger diameter end of which has a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the spacer 53.
  • the frusto-conical part 71 merges with a cylindrical part 72 of the respective tool 63.
  • a recess may be provided in only one of the limbs where the element is always to be used in a handed configuration.
  • the opposed punch would be appropriately formed without a frusto-conical part so that only an aperture would be provided.
  • an aperture may be formed in one or both of the limbs by other means than that described hereinbefore and the above described apparatus may be used to provide a recess and aperture or only a recess in only one limb by providing a single tool opposed to a fixed anvil arrangement.
  • the formations 45 and slots 75 are provided symmetrically in the elements so that they do not require to be handled during manufacture. If desired, a symmetrical disposition could be provided since, for example, there is no requirement to provide a recessed formation on the inner limb 43 a , nor is there need to provide slots 75 on this limb.
  • each channel shape element 41 is clipped to a platen 77 by clips 78 which engage with slots 79 formed in the limbs 42 a , 42 b of the element 41 as well as in a groove 79 a of the platen 77 which contains a spring clip 79 b so that the element 41 is accurately positioned relative to the platen 77.
  • each foam ejection tube is of frusto-conical internal and external shape and comprises a hollow tubular spout part 83 having at one end a mounting part 83 a having a radially outwardly extending generally annular flange 84 and with a reduced thickness weakened portion 85 between the mounting and spout parts.
  • the spout part 83 has a nozzle portion 86 which extends generally perpendicularly to the spout part 83.
  • the foam ejection tubes 82 are introduced into the apertures 81 from the interior of the frame prior to assembly with the skins 30, 31 until the flange 84 abuts the surface of the web 42.
  • the frusto-conical external configuration of the mounting part 83 a ensures that the tube is a good sealing fit with the web 42.
  • the above described assembly is introduced into a press, not shown, and pressure is applied to the stack of components.
  • Polyurethane foam material in fluid state is then injected into the interior of each compartment 88 between frame members of each panel by means of a lance 89 supplied with the foam material via a hose 90.
  • the foam material is introduced air escapes through the grooves 80 and tubes 82 and excess foam begins to escape through the grooves 80 and through the tubes 82.
  • the spout part 83 of the tubes is of sufficient length to ensure that the nozzle parts 86 project outwardly beyond the open mouth of the element 41 and hence of the edge of the stack, any foam falling therefrom is guided away from the stack to avoid contamination of the components and thus avoid build-up of foam which would prevent fitting of bottom wall trims.
  • the tubes are dimensioned to limit the amount of foam which is ejected.
  • the dimensions, and in particular the tapered configuration impedes the flow of foam. Accordingly, whilst air is freely released as the space within the chambers 88 is filled with foam, the rate of foam movement along the tube 82 is restricted because of the relative viscosity of the foam and dimensions of the tube so that a relatively high pressure can be built up in the chambers 88, thereby enabling a high density of foam to be achieved within the chambers 88 of the panel.
  • the length of the channel shaped element 41 is limited, in practice, by press brake capacity and practical handling requirements. Where the wall of a building unit has a length greater than such capacity more than one element is required.
  • the elements 41 must be connected together to provide a rectilinear frame member and foam must also be prevented from escaping at the joints. This connection is achieved by means of a sleeved connection, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the sleeve is indicated at 90 and comprises a channel shape section that is a mating fit into the channel shaped element 41.
  • each element 41 has a vertical slot 91 in one flange 43.
  • the slots are accurately positioned from one end of the element within tight tolerances.
  • the connection sleeve 90 has two vertical tabs 92 which are partly punched through one flange, and the centres of the tabs are also accurately positioned.
  • the sleeves are inserted into the channel of the sleeves 41 and the elements are manipulated until the tabs 92 are located in the slots 91 and the resultant assembly of elements 41 have a datum end to hole accuracy of ⁇ 1mm over an overall length of up to 18 metres.
  • a desired number of thus assembled elements is provided for a given desired wall length and are connected to the end vertical frame members 39 adjacent their ends of the assembly and to appropriate intermediate vertical frame members 40 at desired positions along the length thereof.
  • FIG. 112 there is another form of portable building of right parallelepiped configuration having two longer side walls 112, 113.
  • one of the side walls is omitted since the building unit is connected to an adjacent side by side building unit which would be provided with an opposite side wall to side wall 112 illustrated.
  • the building has two shorter end walls 113, a roof structure 114 and a floor structure 115.
  • Door and window openings are provided as desired.
  • the floor structure 115 comprises two parallel longitudinally extending floor side beams 19, 20 disposed to extend along longitudinal sides of the floor structure.
  • the floor side beams 19, 20 are identical and are made as rolled sections in steel and are essentially of channel configuration with the web of the channel disposed vertically and the limbs extending inwardly of the floor structure.
  • the limbs are provided with inturned lips 19 a , 20 a .
  • a plurality of cross-beams which extend transversely of the floor structure and are located at spaced positions longitudinally of the side beams.
  • the cross-beams are of channel configuration with the web disposed vertically and the limbs extending horizontally and the upper limb of each cross-beam has a downturned lip 123 a whilst the edge cross-beams 123 have their lower lip provided with an upturned flange 123 b .
  • Supported on the cross-beams and the upper limbs of the floor side beams is a floor deck 24 made of moisture resistant structural board, such as wood particle board with a fully bonded veneer covering.
  • the floor side beams 119, 120 comprise bottom members of two upstanding sub-frames which lie in a vertical plane, each comprising respective horizontal roof beams 122 a 122 b interconnected at their ends to the floor side beams by uprights 124 a , 124 b .
  • Each sub-frame affords a rectangular aperture defined by the beams and uprights which may be closed by end and side wall panels 112, 113 as hereinafter to be described.
  • Each unit has a "roof" structure which extends between and is secured to the roof beams 122 a , 122 b therebelow by attachment to the lower flanges thereof.
  • the roof structure of each unit intended to provide the top storey of a building has a roof panel 150.
  • the roof panel 150 comprises an inner skin 151 of plastic coated steel, an outer skin 152 also of plastic coated steel, and a perimeter framework, part of which is shown at T with the space between them being filled by an insulated infilling comprising a foam plastics material 53 which, in the present example is polyurethane foam and which is bonded to the inner and outer skins.
  • the roof panel 50 may be provided with reinforcing members made of steel or other suitable material disposed between the inner and outer skins 151, 152.
  • the wall panels 112, 113 are of similar construction to the wall panels described hereinbefore with the first embodiment except that the outer sheets are provided with horizontally extending seams which are disposed adjacent transversely extending intermediate members 140 of a framework.
  • the framework as with the first embodiment, comprises a peripheral frame 133 having an upper frame member 138 and vertical frame members 139 all made of timber and a steel generally channel shape element 141 providing the bottom frame member.
  • the frame members are fastened together by suitable fastenings as shown in Figure 18 with connecting blocks being provided which are screwed to the channel shape element 141.
  • the element 141 has inner and outer limbs 142 a , 142 b having an open mouth at their one ends 144 and interconnected at their other ends by a transversely extending web 143.
  • the outer limb 142 b is formed with a rebate 142 c which provides a downwardly facing shoulder 142 d .
  • the channel shape element 141 and the construction of the wall panel is as described hereinbefore in connection with the first embodiment, except that the inner skin is made of gypsum board.
  • the provision of the rebate 142 c permits the outer skin 131 to be bent into the rebate and thus provide a styling feature consistent with the horizontal seams described hereinbefore.
  • EP-A-0546540 for a fuller description of the basic construction of the building unit of this embodiment and the disclosure of that specification is incorporated herein by reference.
  • peripheral frame elements have been disposed at an adjacent edge of a wall part if desired one or more of the elements may extend along the edge by virtue of being spaced from and adjacent to the associated edge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Claims (40)

  1. Wandelement, versehen mit einem Rahmenteil (41), das sich entlang oder benachbart einer Kante des Elementes erstreckt, und wobei das Rahmenteil (41) ein Rahmenelement umfaßt, das ein rinnenförmiges Gebilde umfaßt, welches zwei beabstandete Schenkel (42a, 42b) umfaßt, die an ihren einen Enden (44) ein offenes Maul dazwischen definieren und durch einen sich quer erstreckenden Steg (43) miteinander verbunden sind und mehrere Verstrebungselemente (53) aufweisen, die sich in Querrichtung zwischen den Schenkeln (42a, 42b) erstrecken und zwischen den einen Enden der Schenkel (44) und besagtem Steg (43) angeordnet sind und an beabstandeten Positionen in Längsrichtung des Rahmenelementes angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wandelement in einer oder für eine transportfähige Baueinheit ist, wobei das Wandelement ein Struktursandwich mit inneren und äußeren Häuten (30, 31) umfaßt, die sandwichartig zwischen sich eine Füllung (32) aufweisen und an diese gebunden sind.
  2. Wandelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmenelement rinnenförmig ist und der Steg (43) die Schenkel an ihren anderen Enden miteinander verbindet.
  3. Wandelement nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmenelement ein kaltgewalztes Stahlelement umfaßt.
  4. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Paare von gegenüberliegenden Öffnungen (46) in den Schenkeln (42a, 42b) vorgesehen sind, um, in den Öffnungen (46) jeden Paares, ein Befestigungselement (49) aufzunehmen, um das Wandelement mit einer Bodenstruktur zu verbinden.
  5. Wandelement nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ausnehmung (45) um eine Öffnung (46) jeden Paares herum in wenigstens einem Schenkel (42a, 42b) vorgesehen ist, um einen Teil des Befestigungselementes aufzunehmen.
  6. Wandelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ausnehmung um jede Öffnung (46) jeden Paares herum vorgesehen ist.
  7. Wandelement nach Anspruch 5 oder Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oder jede Ausnehmung eine im allgemeinen kegelstumpfförmige Konfiguration aufweist.
  8. Wandelement nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oder jede Ausnehmung durch einen verformten Bereich des Schenkels (42a, 42b), in dem die Öffnungen vorgesehen sind, bereitgestellt ist.
  9. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Verstrebungselement (53) zwischen den Schenkeln (42a, 42b) durch Eingriff eines nach innen verformten Bereiches (45) des Schenkels (42a, 42b) mit dem Verstrebungselement (53) gehalten wird.
  10. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Verstrebungselement (53) ein Rohr umfaßt.
  11. Wandelement nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Verstrebungselement (53) ein im allgemeinen zylindrisches Rohr umfaßt.
  12. Wandelement nach Anspruch 10 oder Anspruch 11, sofern abhängig von Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nach innen verformten Bereiche (45) der Schenkel (42a, 42b) mit den Enden des Rohres in Eingriff stehen, um das rohrförmige Verstrebungselement (53) zwischen den Schenkeln zu halten.
  13. Wandelement nach Anspruch 9 oder einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, sofern abhängig von Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nach innen verformte Bereich (45) auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite davon zu demjenigen, der mit dem Verstrebungselement (53) in Eingriff steht, eine besagte Vertiefung bereitstellt.
  14. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wandelement wenigstens ein weiteres Rahmenteil (30, 39) aufweist, das sich entlang oder benachbart wenigstens einer weiteren Kante des Wandelementes erstreckt.
  15. Wandelement nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wandelement einen Umfangsrahmen aufweist, der aus besagtem Rahmenelement (41) und weiteren Rahmenteilen (38, 39) besteht.
  16. Wandelement nach Anspruch 14 oder Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes andere Rahmenteil (38, 39) aus Holz hergestellt ist.
  17. Wandelement nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rahmenteile (38, 39, 41) miteinander verbunden sind.
  18. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenhaut (31) des Wandelementes mehrere Lagen (37) umfaßt, wobei die längeren Kanten der Lagen so angeordnet sind, daß sie sich vertikal erstrecken und an ihren benachbarten längeren Kanten nach innen gerichtete Flansche (34, 35) aufweisen, die miteinander verbunden sind.
  19. Wandelement nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Öffnungen im rinnenförmigen Element vorgesehen sind, um die Flansche (34, 35) aufzunehmen.
  20. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmenelement so angeordnet ist, daß die einen Enden (44) der Schenkel (42a, 42b) zur Außenseite des Wandelementes hin zeigen und der sich in Querrichtung erstreckende Steg (43) quer zur Dicke des Wandelements angeordnet ist.
  21. Wandelement nach Anspruch 20, sofern abhängig von Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnungen für die Flansche (34, 35) in dem sich in Querrichtung erstreckenden Teil und in den Schenkeln, die zu dem sich in Querrichtung erstreckenden Teil benachbart sind, vorgesehen sind.
  22. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schenkel (42a, 42b) im allgemeinen eben sind, so wie dies auch das sich in Querrichtung erstreckende Teil sein kann, das sich senkrecht zu jedem Schenkel (42a, 42b) erstrecken kann.
  23. Wandelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenhaut (31) des Wandelementes mehrere Lagen (37) umfaßt, wobei die längeren Kanten der Lagen so angeordnet sind, daß sie sich horizontal erstrecken, und die kürzeren Kanten der Lagen sich vertikal erstrecken und die Lagen (37) an ihren benachbarten längeren Kanten nach innen gerichtete Flansche (34, 35) aufweisen, die miteinander verbunden sind.
  24. Wandelement nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmenelement nicht mit Öffnungen versehen ist.
  25. Wandelement nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmenelement einen Falz aufweist, der im Schenkel (42b) vorgesehen ist, der benachbart zur Außenhaut (31) liegt, wobei der Falz eine Schulter bereitstellt, die zum freien Ende des damit zusammenhängenden Schenkels zeigt, und die Außenhaut (31) mit der Form des gefalzten Schenkels (42b) übereinstimmen kann.
  26. Wandelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rahmenelement an einem Element der Bodenstruktur (15) mittels eines mit Schraubgewinde versehenen Befestigungsmittels (49) befestigt ist, das einen Schaft (49a) und erste und zweite Anschläge (48, 51) umfaßt, die auf dem Schaft (49a) vorgesehen sind, wobei wenigstens einer der Anschläge (51) über Schraubgewinde mit dem Schaft (49a) für axiale Bewegung relativ dazu in Eingriff steht, wobei ein Anschlag (48) in klemmender Beziehung mit einem äußeren Schenkel (42b) des Rinnenabschnittselementes steht und der andere Anschlag (51) in klemmendem Eingriff mit dem Element der Bodenstruktur steht, wobei der Schaft (49a) des Befestigungsmittels (49) sich durch ein Verstrebungselement (53) hindurch erstreckt.
  27. Wandelement nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besagter eine Anschlag (48) an dem Schaft befestigt ist und der andere Anschlag (51) eine Mutter umfaßt, die über Schraubgewinde mit dem Schaft in Eingriff steht.
  28. Wandelement nach Anspruch 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mutter relativ zum Rahmenelement fixiert ist.
  29. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wandelementes in einem oder für ein tragfähiges Gebäude, wobei das Wandelement ein Struktursandwich umfaßt, das Innen- und Außenhäute (30, 31) aufweist, die zwischen sich sandwichartig eine Füllung (32) aufweisen und an diese gebunden sind, wobei das Verfahren den Schritt umfaßt, daß ein Rahmenelement genommen wird, welches ein rinnenförmiges Gebilde umfaßt, das zwei beabstandete Schenkel (42a, 42b) umfaßt, die an ihren einen Enden (44) zwischen sich ein offenes Maul definieren und mit einem sich in Querrichtung erstreckenden Teil (43) verbunden sind, mehrere Verstrebungselemente (53) so angeordnet werden, daß sie sich quer zwischen den Schenkeln (42a, 42b) erstrecken und zwischen dem einen Ende der Schenkel (44) und besagtem Steg (43) in beabstandeten Positionen in Längsrichtung des Rahmenelementes angeordnet sind, und auf die nach außen gerichtete Oberfläche wenigstens eines der Schenkel (42a, 42b) mit einem Werkzeug (63) benachbart zu besagten Verstrebungselementen (53) eingewirkt wird, um ein nach innen verformtes Gebilde (45) bereitzustellen, um mit einem Verstrebungselement in Eingriff zu kommen, um es zwischen den Schenkeln zu halten.
  30. Verfahren nach Anspruch 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Werkzeug (63) eine Öffnung in den Schenkel (42a, 42b) innerhalb des nach innen verformten Gebildes (45) stanzt.
  31. Verfahren nach Anspruch 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren umfaßt, daß auf die nach außen zeigende Oberfläche beider Schenkel (42a, 42b) mit Paaren von gegenüberliegenden Werkzeugen (63) benachbart zu besagten Verstrebungselementen (53) eingewirkt wird, um nach innen verformte Gebilde (45) bereitzustellen, um mit gegenüberliegenden Ende der Verstrebungselemente (53) in Eingriff zu kommen, um sie zwischen den Schenkeln (42a, 42b) zu halten.
  32. Verfahren nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besagte Paare von gegenüberliegenden Werkzeugen Öffnungen (46) in die Schenkel (42a, 42b) innerhalb der entsprechenden nach innen verformten Gebilde (45) stanzen.
  33. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 29 bis 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes nach innen verformte Gebilde (45) im allgemeinen kegelstumpfförmige Konfiguration aufweist.
  34. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 29 bis 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes nach innen verformte Gebilde (45) eine Ausnehmung in der nach außen zeigenden Oberfläche des Schenkels (42a, 42b) vorsieht.
  35. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 29 bis 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes Werkzeug (63) einen vorderen, ausstechenden Abschnitt (70) und einen hinteren, verformenden Abschnitt (71) mit größerer Querschnittabmessung als der ausstoßende Abschnitt (70) umfaßt, wobei der ausstoßende Abschnitt (71) so ausgelegt ist, daß er die Öffnung in einem Schenkel (42a, 42b) ausstößt, und der hintere Abschnitt (71) so ausgelegt ist, daß er das Material des Schenkels (42a, 42b) im Zusammenwirken mit dem Verstrebungselement (53) verbiegt oder staucht, um das nach innen verformte Gebilde (45) auszubilden.
  36. Verfahren nach Anspruch 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verstrebungselement (53) im allgemeinen zylindrisch ist, wenigstens an den Enden desselben, und der verformende Abschnitt (71) kegelstumpfförmig ist, mit einem größeren Durchmesser, der wenigstens dem Innendurchmesser des Verstrebungselementes (53) entspricht.
  37. Verfahren nach Anspruch 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ausstoßende Abschnitt (70) im allgemeinen zylindrisch ist und einen Durchmesser aufweist, der dem Durchmesser des kleineren Endes des verformenden Abschnittes (71) entspricht.
  38. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 29 bis 37, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das oder jedes Werkzeug (63) durch ein fluidbetriebenes Mittel mit Kolben und Zylinder (64) veranlaßt wird, auf das rinnenförmige Element zu wirken.
  39. Verfahren nach Anspruch 38, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein individuelles fluidbetriebenes Kolben-Zylinder-Mittel (64) für jedes Werkzeug (63) vorgesehen wird.
  40. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 29 bis 39, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren den Schritt umfaßt, daß mehrere Verstrebungselemente (53) auf Lokalisierungsmitteln (60) in vorbestimmten Positionen in einem Ausstoß- und Formgebungsapparat angeordnet werden, wobei die Lokalisierungsmittel (60) in einer vorbestimmten Beziehung zu Paaren von gegenüberliegenden Werkzeugen (63) angeordnet werden, daß das Rinnenabschnittselement mit den einen Enden der Schenkel (44) nach unten zeigend über den Verstrebungselementen (53) angeordnet wird und daß anschließend besagter Einwirkungsschritt auf die nach außen zeigende Oberfläche der Schenkel (42a, 42b) mit den Paaren von gegenüberliegenden Werkzeugen (63) ausgeführt wird.
EP19950305138 1994-07-21 1995-07-21 Wandaufbau für transportfähige Einheiten Expired - Lifetime EP0693601B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9414766 1994-07-21
GB9414766A GB9414766D0 (en) 1994-07-21 1994-07-21 Improvements relating to building constructions

Publications (3)

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EP0693601A2 EP0693601A2 (de) 1996-01-24
EP0693601A3 EP0693601A3 (de) 1996-09-11
EP0693601B1 true EP0693601B1 (de) 2001-06-20

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EP (1) EP0693601B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69521366T2 (de)
GB (2) GB9414766D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9606967D0 (en) * 1996-04-02 1996-06-05 Portakabin Ltd Floor structure
GB2318809A (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-06 Rollalong Limited Modular buildings
GB2360299B (en) * 2000-03-01 2004-09-29 Portakabin Ltd Prefabricated building unit with fascia system
GB2360300B (en) * 2000-03-01 2004-09-29 Portakabin Ltd Improvements relating to building units

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2009268A (en) * 1934-10-17 1935-07-23 Guy F Kotrbaty Building construction unit
FR2267435A1 (en) * 1974-04-12 1975-11-07 Lemettre Gerard Modular steel-framed building construction - has welded crowns joining posts, floor base and foundation
CA1174824A (en) * 1980-10-23 1984-09-25 Sergio Iorio Peretto Process for manufacturing a frame suitable for encasing a portion of an external wall and frames obtained thereby
AU582298B2 (en) * 1986-03-06 1989-03-16 Building Solutions Pty Ltd Building system
GB9126460D0 (en) 1991-12-13 1992-02-12 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit

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Publication number Publication date
GB9414766D0 (en) 1994-09-07
EP0693601A3 (de) 1996-09-11
EP0693601A2 (de) 1996-01-24
GB2291445A (en) 1996-01-24
DE69521366T2 (de) 2001-10-11
GB9515015D0 (en) 1995-09-20
DE69521366D1 (de) 2001-07-26
GB2291445B (en) 1998-04-29

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