EP0693601B1 - Structure de paroi pour unités transportables - Google Patents

Structure de paroi pour unités transportables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0693601B1
EP0693601B1 EP19950305138 EP95305138A EP0693601B1 EP 0693601 B1 EP0693601 B1 EP 0693601B1 EP 19950305138 EP19950305138 EP 19950305138 EP 95305138 A EP95305138 A EP 95305138A EP 0693601 B1 EP0693601 B1 EP 0693601B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall panel
limbs
panel according
limb
bracing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19950305138
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0693601A2 (fr
EP0693601A3 (fr
Inventor
Stephen Charles Botham
Christopher John Hoggarth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Portakabin Ltd
Original Assignee
Portakabin Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0693601A2 publication Critical patent/EP0693601A2/fr
Publication of EP0693601A3 publication Critical patent/EP0693601A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0693601B1 publication Critical patent/EP0693601B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a wall panel, hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified, in or for a building unit, hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified.
  • a wall panel of the kind specified comprises a structural sandwich having inner and outer skins sandwiching therebetween and being bonded to an infilling.
  • the infilling is a rigid foam or expanded plastics material.
  • a portable building unit of the kind specified we mean a portable building unit which is factory assembled for delivery to a prepared site in an assembled condition complete with at least a floor structure and a side wall comprising a wall panel.
  • the building unit may have four side walls, or where the unit is to be assembled with other similar units it may have one or more side walls omitted. Where the unit is for a single storey building or is for the top storey of a multi-storey building it may have a roof structure.
  • the invention has been particularly devised in connection with a building unit of the kind specified having a wall panel connected to a floor structure and to a leg means whereby floor loads are transmitted through the wall panel to the leg means.
  • the wall panel may support a roof structure and so also transmit roof loads to the leg means.
  • a wall panel of the kind specified has comprised a timber peripheral frame, a bottom member of which is fastened to the floor structure.
  • a timber peripheral frame a bottom member of which is fastened to the floor structure.
  • the connection of the wall panel to the floor structure must transmit the above mentioned floor loads between the floor structure and the wall panel.
  • the presence of a timber bottom peripheral frame member can lead to inadequacy in the connection, particularly because the timber is susceptible to rot, especially as it is relatively close to the ground.
  • an object of the invention is to overcome or to reduce the above mentioned disadvantages hitherto encountered with a wall panel of the kind specified.
  • a wall panel provided with a frame member extending along or adjacent one edge of the panel and the frame member comprising a frame element comprising a channel shape formation comprising two spaced limbs defining an open mouth therebetween at their one ends and interconnected by a transversely extending web and having a plurality of bracing elements extending transversely between the limbs and disposed between the one ends of the limbs and said web and arranged at spaced positions longitudinally of the frame element, characterised in that the panel is in or for a portable building unit, the wall panel comprising a structural sandwich having inner and outer skins sandwiching therebetween and bonded to an infilling.
  • the frame element is of channel shape and the web interconnects the limbs at their other ends.
  • bracing elements in combination with a frame element having said channel form permits the use of a relatively thin wall member for the frame element and made of suitable material such as steel or other metal or a plastics material with or without suitable reinforcement, whilst providing adequate strength to resist forces imposed during use of the structure as well as being rugged enough for transport and manufacture of the panel.
  • a plurality of pairs of opposed apertures may be provided in the limbs to receive, in the apertures of each pair, a fastener to connect the wall panel to a floor structure.
  • a recess is provided around an aperture of each pair in at least one limb to receive a part of the fastener.
  • each aperture of each pair Preferably a recess is provided around each aperture of each pair.
  • the or each recess may be of generally frusto-conical configuration.
  • the or each recess may be provided by a deformed region of the limb in which the apertures are provided.
  • Each bracing element may be retained between the limbs by engagement of an inwardly deformed region of the limb with the bracing element.
  • Each bracing element may comprise a tube.
  • Each bracing element may comprise a generally cylindrical tube.
  • the inwardly deformed regions of the limbs may be engaged within the ends of the tube to retain the tubular bracing element between the limbs.
  • the inwardly deformed region on the opposite side thereof to that which engages the bracing element may provide a said recess.
  • the panel may have at least one other frame member extending along or adjacent at least one other edge of the panel and preferably the panel has a peripheral frame comprised of said frame element and other frame members.
  • the or each other frame member may be made of timber.
  • the frame members may be connected to each other.
  • the outer skin of the wall panel may comprise a plurality of sheets, the longer edges of the sheets being disposed to extend vertically and having at their adjacent longer edges inturned flanges which are secured together.
  • Openings may be provided in the channel shaped element to receive the flanges.
  • the frame element may be disposed with the one ends of the limbs facing outwardly of the panel and the transversely extending web disposed transversely of the thickness of the panel.
  • the openings for the flanges may be provided in the transversely extending part and in the limbs adjacent to the transversely extending part.
  • the limbs may be generally planar, as may be the transversely extending part which may extend perpendicular to each limb.
  • the outer skin of the wall panel may comprise a plurality of sheets, the longer edges of the sheets being disposed to extend horizontally and the shorter edges of the sheets extending vertically and the sheets having at their adjacent longer edges inturned flanges which are secured together.
  • the frame element may have a rebate provided in the limb adjacent the outer skin, the rebate providing a shoulder which faces towards the free end of the associated limb and the outer skin may conform to the shape of the rebated limb.
  • the frame element may be fastened to an element of the floor structure by means of a threaded fastener comprising a shank and first and second abutments provided on the shank, at least one of the abutments being threadedly engaged with the shank for axial movement relative thereto, with one abutment in clamping relationship with an outer limb of the channel section element and the other abutment in clamping engagement with the element of the floor structure with the shank of the fastener extending through a bracing element.
  • a threaded fastener comprising a shank and first and second abutments provided on the shank, at least one of the abutments being threadedly engaged with the shank for axial movement relative thereto, with one abutment in clamping relationship with an outer limb of the channel section element and the other abutment in clamping engagement with the element of the floor structure with the shank of the fastener extending through a bracing element.
  • said one abutment is fixed to the shank and comprises, for example, a head of a bolt and the other abutment comprises a nut threadedly engaged with the shank.
  • the nut may be fixed relative to the frame element.
  • a method of making a wall panel of the kind specified comprising the step of taking a frame element comprising a channel shape formation comprising two spaced limbs defining an open mouth therebetween at their one ends and interconnected by a transversely extending part, positioning a plurality of bracing elements to extend transversely between the limbs and disposed between the one end of the limbs and said web at spaced positions longitudinally of the frame element, and acting on the outwardly facing surface of at least one of the limbs with a tool adjacent said bracing elements to provide an inwardly deformed formation to engage a bracing element to retain it between the limbs.
  • the tool punches an aperture in the limb within the inwardly deformed formation.
  • the method comprises acting on the outwardly facing surface of both limbs with pairs of opposed tools adjacent said bracing elements to provide inwardly deformed formations to engage opposite ends of the bracing elements to retain them between the limbs.
  • pairs of opposed tools punch apertures in the limbs within the respective inwardly deformed formations.
  • the inwardly deformed formation may be of generally frusto-conical configuration and may provide a recess in the outwardly facing surface of the limb.
  • the or each tool may comprise a leading, piercing, portion and a trailing, deforming, portion of greater cross-sectional dimension than the piercing portion, the piercing portion being adapted to pierce the aperture in a limb and the trailing portion being adapted to bend or swage the material of the limb in co-operation with the bracing element to form the inwardly deformed formation.
  • the bracing element is generally cylindrical, at least at the ends thereof, and the deforming portion is frusto-conical having a larger diameter which is at least equal to the internal diameter of the bracing element.
  • the piercing portion may be generally cylindrical and of a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the smaller end of the deforming portion.
  • the or each tool may be caused to act on the channel shaped element by a fluid operated piston and cylinder means.
  • an individual fluid operated piston cylinder means provided for each tool.
  • the method may comprise the step of disposing a plurality of bracing elements on locating means at predetermined positions in a piercing and forming apparatus, the locating means being disposed in a predetermined relationship with pairs of opposed tools, disposing the channel section element with the one ends of the limbs facing downwardly over the bracing elements and then carrying out said step of acting on the outwardly facing surface of the limbs with the pairs of opposed tools.
  • a portable building unit of the kind specified comprising a wall panel according to the first aspect of the invention or a wall panel made by a method according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • a portable building of generally right parallelepiped configuration having two longer side walls 12 and two shorter end walls 13, a roof structure 14 and a floor structure 15.
  • Door and window openings are provided in the walls as shown at 16 and 17 respectively.
  • the doors and windows may be located at other positions than those shown.
  • the building unit is provided with four legs 18, two on each side of the building arranged symmetrically.
  • the floor structure 15 comprises two parallel longitudinally extending floor side beams 19, 20 disposed to extend along the longitudinal sides of the floor structure.
  • the floor side beams 19, 20 are identical and are made as rolled sections in steel and are of essentially channel configuration with the web of the channel disposed vertically and the limbs extending inwardly of the floor structure.
  • the outer cross-beams 23 are of channel configuration with the web disposed horizontally and the limbs extending vertically downwardly and are provided with out-turned lateral flanges.
  • the intermediate cross-beams 23 a are of channel configuration but with the webs disposed vertically and the limbs disposed so as to extend towards one side of the building unit and each upper limb has a downwardly depending flange 23 b .
  • the cross-beams are provided with cut-outs at each end to accommodate the limbs of the side beams.
  • a floor deck 24 made of moisture resistant structural board, such as wood particle board with a fully bonded veneer covering. However, if desired, other material may be used.
  • the cross-beams 23, 23 a are connected to top hat section skids 27 made of galvanised rolled steel section and provided to sit on a lorry bed during transportation.
  • Each wall of the building unit is formed as a panel having a stressed skin structural sandwich of inner and outer skins 30, 31 which are sandwiched between and bonded together by means of a polyurethane foam 32.
  • a peripheral frame 33 is provided between the inner and outer skins.
  • the outer skin 31 comprises a coloured steel cladding, for example, galvanised steel sheet having a coloured PVC coating on the external surface to give a long and maintenance free life.
  • the outer skin 31 is made up of a plurality of such galvanised steel sheets 37 which, as best shown in Figures 4 and 10, are seamed vertically with one sheet being formed with a wider flange 34 at one edge and a narrower flange 35 at the other edge.
  • the joint is formed by folding the free marginal portion 36 of the wider flange 34 around the free edge of the narrower flange 35 to lie in face-to-face relation with the adjacent portion of the latter on the side thereof remote from the remainder of the wider flange.
  • the folded over portion of the two flanges may then, if desired, be further folded over as a whole through 180° to form a joint having five thicknesses of metal with the marginal edged portion 36 of the wider flange sandwiched between portions of the narrower flange and with such three layer portion itself sandwiched between portions of the wider flange.
  • Such a joint can be formed by rolling in two successive operations, if desired.
  • the panels 38 may be interconnected by other configurations of interconnected flanges such as by clipping together equal length upstanding flanges or otherwise securing flanges together, or indeed the sheets may be secured together in any other desired convenient manner.
  • the internal skin 30 is made of galvanised steel sheet with a polyester powder coating, or of gypsum wallboard, but may be made of any other desired material.
  • the polyurethane foam is 47mm thick which gives good thermal insulation and securely bonds the sheets together.
  • the peripheral frame 33 comprises an upper member 38 and end vertical members 39.
  • intermediate vertical members are provided as shown at 40.
  • the intermediate members are provided adjacent the seams between the sheets 37, the number and positioning of the intermediate members 40 and the sizes of the sheets 37 being chosen in accordance with the overall size of the particular panel desired and the available maximum width of the sheets 37.
  • the inner skin 30 is also provided with inwardly directed flanges shown at 30 a in Figures 10 and 11 and these are received in a slot 30b provided in the intermediate frame member 40 and also in a peripheral frame member 39. It will be seen that the sheets 37 of the inner and outer skins overlie the majority of the extent of the peripheral frame member but leave a small portion 30 c , 31 a of the peripheral frame members exposed respectively.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show an example of an alternative configuration of panel and hence the same reference numerals have been used to refer to corresponding parts.
  • the frame 33 also has a bottom member 41 which comprises a channel shaped element made, in the present example, of galvanised cold rolled steel, as best shown in Figures 3 and 8, and comprises spaced generally parallel inner and outer limbs 42 a , 42 b which define an open mouth between their one ends 44 and which are interconnected at their other ends by a transversely extending web 43.
  • the channel is disposed so that the web 43 is disposed inwardly of the panel whilst the one ends 44 of the limbs are disposed facing downwardly.
  • the panels 37 of the outer skin overlie an upper part of the outer limb 42 b , to leave a lower part exposed, as shown at 31 a , whilst the panels of the inner skin overlie the inner limb 42 a to leave a lower part exposed, as shown at 30 a .
  • the inner and outer limbs 42 a , 42 b have an inwardly deformed formation 45 which is of frusto-conical configuration providing an aperture 46 and a recess or countersink 47.
  • a cylindrical bracing element 53 is disposed between the limbs 42 a , 42 b and, as hereinafter to be described, during assembly is retained theredisposed by the formations 45.
  • the wall panels are connected to the roof structure 14 by means of being screwed to the upper frame member 38 by wood screws 56.
  • Each leg 18 comprises an upper part 18a of hollow rectangular tubular configuration to provide a socket which receives telescopically a lower part 18 b with suitable means such as peg 18 c to permit the two parts of the leg to be interconnected at a desired extension.
  • the legs are attached to the building unit, as shown in Figure 1, by means of bolts 18 d , 18 e passing through brackets 18f disposed on opposite sides of the legs 18 at the top and bottom of the unit respectively.
  • the bolts 18 d pass through the upper frame member 38 with their heads disposed inside a roof duct and with a nut engaged with their threaded end adjacent the bracket 18 f .
  • the bolts 18 e pass through the bottom member 41 with their heads disposed adjacent the brackets 18 f and are surrounded by a bracing element 53 and threadedly engaged with a rivet nut captive with the web of the floor frame members 19, 20.
  • the unit described above has structural integrity which is afforded by the floor side beams 19, 20 and cross-beams 23, 23 a , the stressed structural sandwich panels and in particular the channel shaped element 41 comprising the bottom frame member thereof in combination with the bracing elements 53 and the bolted connection to the side and cross-members 19, 20 and 23 a of the floor structure, together with the connection of the wall panels to the roof structure 14 and the connection of the wall panels to the legs 18.
  • FIGS. 21 and 22 These illustrate one station of an apparatus for acting on a channel section steel element to form apertures and inwardly deformed formations in the limbs thereof at predetermined positions along the length thereof to provide the channel shape element 41.
  • the apparatus comprises a V or U-section block 60 mounted in a recess 61 of a support 62 in which opposed tools 63 are slidably mounted under the control of hydraulic piston and cylinder unit 64.
  • the support 62 is mounted on a base 65 for movement longitudinally of the apparatus and is guided by means of a co-operating key and keyway assembly 66.
  • a gauging arm 67 together with a locating screw 68 is provided so that each mounting block 62 at each station can be positioned accurately at a desired longitudinal relative position.
  • a cylindrical spacer element 53 is rested on each V-shaped block 60 and then a channel shaped element 41 is disposed over the spacer elements 53 and moved downwardly until it engages supports 69.
  • the piston and cylinder units 64 are actuated to move the tools 62 inwardly towards each other so that they act upon the limbs 42, 43 of the channel shaped element 41 to pierce an aperture 46 therein and form the above described frusto-conical inwardly deformed formation 45.
  • Each tool 63 has a leading portion 70 of cylindrical shape having a flat circular end surface, and a trailing frusto-conical forming portion 71, the smaller diameter end of which merges with the cylindrical portion 70 and the larger diameter end of which has a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the spacer 53.
  • the frusto-conical part 71 merges with a cylindrical part 72 of the respective tool 63.
  • a recess may be provided in only one of the limbs where the element is always to be used in a handed configuration.
  • the opposed punch would be appropriately formed without a frusto-conical part so that only an aperture would be provided.
  • an aperture may be formed in one or both of the limbs by other means than that described hereinbefore and the above described apparatus may be used to provide a recess and aperture or only a recess in only one limb by providing a single tool opposed to a fixed anvil arrangement.
  • the formations 45 and slots 75 are provided symmetrically in the elements so that they do not require to be handled during manufacture. If desired, a symmetrical disposition could be provided since, for example, there is no requirement to provide a recessed formation on the inner limb 43 a , nor is there need to provide slots 75 on this limb.
  • each channel shape element 41 is clipped to a platen 77 by clips 78 which engage with slots 79 formed in the limbs 42 a , 42 b of the element 41 as well as in a groove 79 a of the platen 77 which contains a spring clip 79 b so that the element 41 is accurately positioned relative to the platen 77.
  • each foam ejection tube is of frusto-conical internal and external shape and comprises a hollow tubular spout part 83 having at one end a mounting part 83 a having a radially outwardly extending generally annular flange 84 and with a reduced thickness weakened portion 85 between the mounting and spout parts.
  • the spout part 83 has a nozzle portion 86 which extends generally perpendicularly to the spout part 83.
  • the foam ejection tubes 82 are introduced into the apertures 81 from the interior of the frame prior to assembly with the skins 30, 31 until the flange 84 abuts the surface of the web 42.
  • the frusto-conical external configuration of the mounting part 83 a ensures that the tube is a good sealing fit with the web 42.
  • the above described assembly is introduced into a press, not shown, and pressure is applied to the stack of components.
  • Polyurethane foam material in fluid state is then injected into the interior of each compartment 88 between frame members of each panel by means of a lance 89 supplied with the foam material via a hose 90.
  • the foam material is introduced air escapes through the grooves 80 and tubes 82 and excess foam begins to escape through the grooves 80 and through the tubes 82.
  • the spout part 83 of the tubes is of sufficient length to ensure that the nozzle parts 86 project outwardly beyond the open mouth of the element 41 and hence of the edge of the stack, any foam falling therefrom is guided away from the stack to avoid contamination of the components and thus avoid build-up of foam which would prevent fitting of bottom wall trims.
  • the tubes are dimensioned to limit the amount of foam which is ejected.
  • the dimensions, and in particular the tapered configuration impedes the flow of foam. Accordingly, whilst air is freely released as the space within the chambers 88 is filled with foam, the rate of foam movement along the tube 82 is restricted because of the relative viscosity of the foam and dimensions of the tube so that a relatively high pressure can be built up in the chambers 88, thereby enabling a high density of foam to be achieved within the chambers 88 of the panel.
  • the length of the channel shaped element 41 is limited, in practice, by press brake capacity and practical handling requirements. Where the wall of a building unit has a length greater than such capacity more than one element is required.
  • the elements 41 must be connected together to provide a rectilinear frame member and foam must also be prevented from escaping at the joints. This connection is achieved by means of a sleeved connection, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the sleeve is indicated at 90 and comprises a channel shape section that is a mating fit into the channel shaped element 41.
  • each element 41 has a vertical slot 91 in one flange 43.
  • the slots are accurately positioned from one end of the element within tight tolerances.
  • the connection sleeve 90 has two vertical tabs 92 which are partly punched through one flange, and the centres of the tabs are also accurately positioned.
  • the sleeves are inserted into the channel of the sleeves 41 and the elements are manipulated until the tabs 92 are located in the slots 91 and the resultant assembly of elements 41 have a datum end to hole accuracy of ⁇ 1mm over an overall length of up to 18 metres.
  • a desired number of thus assembled elements is provided for a given desired wall length and are connected to the end vertical frame members 39 adjacent their ends of the assembly and to appropriate intermediate vertical frame members 40 at desired positions along the length thereof.
  • FIG. 112 there is another form of portable building of right parallelepiped configuration having two longer side walls 112, 113.
  • one of the side walls is omitted since the building unit is connected to an adjacent side by side building unit which would be provided with an opposite side wall to side wall 112 illustrated.
  • the building has two shorter end walls 113, a roof structure 114 and a floor structure 115.
  • Door and window openings are provided as desired.
  • the floor structure 115 comprises two parallel longitudinally extending floor side beams 19, 20 disposed to extend along longitudinal sides of the floor structure.
  • the floor side beams 19, 20 are identical and are made as rolled sections in steel and are essentially of channel configuration with the web of the channel disposed vertically and the limbs extending inwardly of the floor structure.
  • the limbs are provided with inturned lips 19 a , 20 a .
  • a plurality of cross-beams which extend transversely of the floor structure and are located at spaced positions longitudinally of the side beams.
  • the cross-beams are of channel configuration with the web disposed vertically and the limbs extending horizontally and the upper limb of each cross-beam has a downturned lip 123 a whilst the edge cross-beams 123 have their lower lip provided with an upturned flange 123 b .
  • Supported on the cross-beams and the upper limbs of the floor side beams is a floor deck 24 made of moisture resistant structural board, such as wood particle board with a fully bonded veneer covering.
  • the floor side beams 119, 120 comprise bottom members of two upstanding sub-frames which lie in a vertical plane, each comprising respective horizontal roof beams 122 a 122 b interconnected at their ends to the floor side beams by uprights 124 a , 124 b .
  • Each sub-frame affords a rectangular aperture defined by the beams and uprights which may be closed by end and side wall panels 112, 113 as hereinafter to be described.
  • Each unit has a "roof" structure which extends between and is secured to the roof beams 122 a , 122 b therebelow by attachment to the lower flanges thereof.
  • the roof structure of each unit intended to provide the top storey of a building has a roof panel 150.
  • the roof panel 150 comprises an inner skin 151 of plastic coated steel, an outer skin 152 also of plastic coated steel, and a perimeter framework, part of which is shown at T with the space between them being filled by an insulated infilling comprising a foam plastics material 53 which, in the present example is polyurethane foam and which is bonded to the inner and outer skins.
  • the roof panel 50 may be provided with reinforcing members made of steel or other suitable material disposed between the inner and outer skins 151, 152.
  • the wall panels 112, 113 are of similar construction to the wall panels described hereinbefore with the first embodiment except that the outer sheets are provided with horizontally extending seams which are disposed adjacent transversely extending intermediate members 140 of a framework.
  • the framework as with the first embodiment, comprises a peripheral frame 133 having an upper frame member 138 and vertical frame members 139 all made of timber and a steel generally channel shape element 141 providing the bottom frame member.
  • the frame members are fastened together by suitable fastenings as shown in Figure 18 with connecting blocks being provided which are screwed to the channel shape element 141.
  • the element 141 has inner and outer limbs 142 a , 142 b having an open mouth at their one ends 144 and interconnected at their other ends by a transversely extending web 143.
  • the outer limb 142 b is formed with a rebate 142 c which provides a downwardly facing shoulder 142 d .
  • the channel shape element 141 and the construction of the wall panel is as described hereinbefore in connection with the first embodiment, except that the inner skin is made of gypsum board.
  • the provision of the rebate 142 c permits the outer skin 131 to be bent into the rebate and thus provide a styling feature consistent with the horizontal seams described hereinbefore.
  • EP-A-0546540 for a fuller description of the basic construction of the building unit of this embodiment and the disclosure of that specification is incorporated herein by reference.
  • peripheral frame elements have been disposed at an adjacent edge of a wall part if desired one or more of the elements may extend along the edge by virtue of being spaced from and adjacent to the associated edge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Claims (40)

  1. Panneau mural muni d'une pièce de cadre (41) s'étendant le long ou adjacent à un bord du panneau et la pièce de cadre (41) comprenant un élément de cadre comportant une configuration en forme de canal comprenant deux flancs espacés (42a, 42b) définissant une embouchure ouverte entre ceux-ci en leurs premières extrémités (44) et interconnectés par une barre s'étendant transversalement (43) et comportant une pluralité d'éléments de renforcement (53) s'étendant transversalement entre les flancs (42a, 42b) et disposés entre les premières extrémités (44) des flancs et ladite barre (43) et disposés à des positions espacées longitudinalement de la pièce de cadre, caractérisé en ce que le panneau est dans ou pour une unité de construction portable, le panneau mural comprenant un sandwich structurel ayant des pellicules interne et externe (30,31) prenant en sandwich entre celles-ci et lié à un élément de remplissage (32).
  2. Panneau mural selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pièce de cadre est d'une forme en canal et la barre (43) interconnecte les flancs à leurs autres extrémités.
  3. Panneau mural selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel la pièce de cadre comprend un élément d'acier laminé à froid.
  4. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une pluralité de paires d'ouvertures opposées (46) sont ménagées dans les flancs (42a, 42b) pour recevoir, dans les ouvertures (46) de chaque paire, un élément de fixation (49 ) pour connecter le panneau mural à une structure de plancher.
  5. Panneau mural selon la revendication 4, dans lequel un évidement (45) est disposé autour d'une ouverture (46) de chaque paire dans au moins un flanc (42a, 42b) pour recevoir une partie de l'élément de fixation.
  6. Panneau mural selon la revendication 5, dans lequel un évidement est disposé autour de chaque ouverture (46) de chaque paire.
  7. Panneau mural selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, dans lequel l'évidement ou chaque évidemment présente une configuration sensiblement en cône tronqué.
  8. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel l'évidement ou chaque évidement est procuré par une région déformée du flanc (42a, 42b ) dans lequel les ouvertures sont ménagées.
  9. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque élément de renforcement (53) est maintenu entre les flancs (42a, 42b) par mise en prise d'une région (45), déformée vers l'intérieur du flanc (42a, 42b), avec l'élément de renforcement (53).
  10. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque élément de renforcement (53) comprend un tube.
  11. Panneau mural selon la revendication 10, dans lequel chaque élément de renforcement (53) comprend un tube sensiblement cylindrique.
  12. Panneau mural selon la revendication 10 ou la revendication 11 lorsque dépendante de la revendication 9, dans lequel les régions (45) déformées vers l'intérieur des flancs (42a, 42b) sont mises en prises à l'intérieur des extrémités du tube pour maintenir l'élément de renforcement tubulaire (53) entre les flancs.
  13. Panneau mural selon la revendication 9 ou selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, lorsque dépendante de la revendication 9, dans lequel la région (45) déformée vers l'intérieur, sur son coté opposé à celui qui met en prise l'élément de renforcement (53), procure ledit évidement.
  14. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le panneau comporte au moins une autre pièce de cadre (30, 39) s'étendant le long ou adjacent à au moins un autre bord du panneau.
  15. Panneau mural selon la revendication 13, dans lequel le panneau comporte un cadre périphérique constitué de ladite pièce de cadre (41) et d'autres pièces de cadre (38, 39).
  16. Panneau mural selon la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, dans lequel la pièce ou chaque pièce de l'autre cadre (38, 39) est constitué de bois.
  17. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 16, dans lequel les pièces de cadre (38, 39, 41) sont connectées les unes aux autres.
  18. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la pellicule externe (31) du panneau mural comprend une pluralité de feuilles (37), les bords longs des feuilles étant disposés pour s'étendre verticalement et ayant au niveau de leurs bords longs adjacents des rebords (30, 35) tournés vers l'intérieur qui sont fixés ensembles.
  19. Panneau mural selon la revendication 18, dans lequel des ouvertures sont ménagées dans l'élément en forme de canal pour recevoir les rebords (30, 35).
  20. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de cadre est disposé avec les premières extrémités (44) des flancs (42a, 42b) en regard vers l'extérieur au panneau et à la barre (43) s'étendant transversalement, disposé transversalement à l'épaisseur du panneau.
  21. Panneau mural selon la revendication 20, lorsque dépendante de la revendication 19, dans lequel les ouvertures pour les rebords (34, 35) sont ménagées dans la partie s'étendant transversalement et dans les flancs adjacents à la partie s'étendant transversalement.
  22. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les flancs (42a, 42b ) sont sensiblement plans, comme peut l'être la partie s'étendant transversalement qui peut s'étendre perpendiculairement à chaque flanc (42a, 42b).
  23. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, dans lequel la pellicule externe (31) du panneau mural comprend une pluralité de feuilles (37), les bords longs des feuilles étant disposés pour s'étendre horizontalement et les bords courts des feuilles s'étendant verticalement, et les feuilles (37) ayant au niveau de leurs bords longs adjacents des rebords (30, 35) tournés vers l'intérieur qui sont fixés ensembles.
  24. Panneau mural selon la revendication 23, dans lequel l'élément de cadre n'est pas muni d'ouverture.
  25. Panneau mural selon revendication 23, dans lequel l'élément de cadre comporte un rabat disposé dans le flanc (42b) adjacent à la pellicule externe (31), le rabat procurant un épaulement qui est dirigé vers l'extrémité libre du flanc associé, et ladite pellicule externe (31) peut se conformer à la forme du flanc rabattu (42b).
  26. Panneau mural selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de cadre est fixé à un élément de la structure de plancher (15) au moyen d'un dispositif de fixation fileté (49) comprenant une tige (49a) et des première et seconde butées (48, 51) disposées sur la tige (49a) au moins l'une des but »es (51) étant mise en prise, par filetage avec la tige (49a) pour un déplacement axial relatif par rapport à celle-ci, avec une butée (48) en relation de serrage avec un flanc externe (42b) de l'élément de section de canal et l'autre butée (51) étant en prise par serrage avec l'élément de la structure de plancher, la tige (49a) de l'élément de fixation (49) s'étendant à travers un élément de renforcement (53).
  27. Panneau mural selon la revendication 26, dans lequel ladite première butée (48) est fixée à la tige et l'autre butée (51) comprend un écrou mis en prise par filet avec la tige.
  28. Panneau mural selon la revendication 27, dans lequel l'écrou est fixé par rapport à l'élément de cadre.
  29. Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau mural dans ou pour une construction portable, le panneau mural comprenant un sandwich structurel ayant des pellicules interne et externe (30, 31) prenant en sandwich entre celles-ci et lié à un élément de remplissage (32), le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à prendre un élément de cadre comprenant une configuration en forme de canal comprenant deux flancs espacés (42a, 42b) définissant une embouchure ouverte entre ceux-ci en leurs premières extrémités (44) et interconnectés par une partie s'étendant transversalement (43), positionner une pluralité d'éléments de renforcement (53) pour qu'ils s'étendent transversalement entre les flancs (42a, 42b) et disposés entre les premières extrémités (44) des flancs et ladite barre (43) à des positions longitudinalement espacées de l'élément de cadre, et agir sur la surface dirigée vers l'extérieur d'au moins l'un des flancs (42a, 42b) avec un outil (63 ) adjacent auxdits éléments de renforcement (53) pour procurer une configuration (45) déformée vers l'intérieur pour mettre en prise un élément de renforcement pour le maintenir entre les flancs.
  30. Procédé selon la revendication 29, dans lequel l'outil (63) découpe une ouverture dans le flanc (42a, 42b) à l'intérieur de la configuration déformée vers l'intérieur (45) .
  31. Procédé selon la revendication 30, dans lequel le procédé comprend l'étape consistant à agir sur la surface dirigée vers l'extérieur des deux flancs (42a, 42b) avec des paires d'outils opposés (63) adjacents auxdits éléments de renforcement (53) pour procurer des configurations (45) déformées vers l'intérieur pour mettre en prise les extrémités opposées des éléments de renforcement (53) pour les maintenir entre les flancs (42a, 42b).
  32. Procédé selon la revendication 31, dans lequel lesdites paires d'outils opposés découpent des ouvertures (46) dans les flancs (42a, 42b) à l'intérieur des configurations (45) déformées vers l'intérieur, respectives.
  33. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 29 à 32, dans lequel la configuration ou chaque configuration déformée vers l'intérieur (45) présente une configuration sensiblement en forme de cône tronqué.
  34. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 29 à 33, dans lequel la configuration ou chaque configuration déformée vers l'intérieur (45) procure un évidement dans la surface dirigée vers l'extérieur du flanc (42a, 42b).
  35. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 29 à 34, dans lequel l'outil ou chaque outil (63) comprend une partie avant de perçage (70) et une partie arrière de déformation (71) de dimensions en section transversale plus grandes que la partie de perçage (70), la partie de perçage (71) étant adaptée pour percer l'ouverture dans un flanc (42a, 42b) et la partie arrière (71) étant adaptée pour courber ou estamper le matériau du flanc (42a, 42b) en coopération avec l'élément de renforcement (53) pour former la configuration déformée vers l'intérieur (45).
  36. Procédé selon la revendication 35, dans lequel l'élément de renforcement (53) est sensiblement cylindrique, au moins en ses extrémités, et la partie de déformation est en forme de cône tronqué ayant un diamètre plus grand, au moins égal au diamètre interne de l'élément de renforcement (53).
  37. Procédé selon la revendication 36, dans lequel la partie de perçage (70) est sensiblement cylindrique et d'un diamètre correspondant au diamètre de l'extrémité la plus petite de la partie de déformation (71).
  38. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 29 à 37, dans lequel l'outil ou chaque outil (63) est amené à agir sur l'élément en forme de canal par des moyens (64) de cylindre et par un piston actionné par fluide.
  39. Procédé selon la revendication 38, dans lequel des moyens individuels de cylindre, de piston actionnés par fluide individuel (64) sont prévus pour chaque outil (63).
  40. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 29 à 39, dans lequel le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à disposer une pluralité d'éléments de renforcement (53) sur un moyen de positionnement (60) à des positions prédéterminées dans l'appareil de perçage et de configuration, le moyen de positionnement (60) étant disposé en une relation prédéterminée avec des paires d'outils opposés (63), disposer l'élément de section de canal avec les premières extrémités des flancs (44) dirigées vers le bas sur les éléments de renforcement (53) et effectuer ensuite ladite étape consistant à agir sur la surface dirigée vers l'extérieur des flancs (42a, 42b) avec les paires d'outils opposés (63).
EP19950305138 1994-07-21 1995-07-21 Structure de paroi pour unités transportables Expired - Lifetime EP0693601B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9414766A GB9414766D0 (en) 1994-07-21 1994-07-21 Improvements relating to building constructions
GB9414766 1994-07-21

Publications (3)

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EP0693601A2 EP0693601A2 (fr) 1996-01-24
EP0693601A3 EP0693601A3 (fr) 1996-09-11
EP0693601B1 true EP0693601B1 (fr) 2001-06-20

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EP19950305138 Expired - Lifetime EP0693601B1 (fr) 1994-07-21 1995-07-21 Structure de paroi pour unités transportables

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EP (1) EP0693601B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69521366T2 (fr)
GB (2) GB9414766D0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9606967D0 (en) * 1996-04-02 1996-06-05 Portakabin Ltd Floor structure
GB2318809A (en) * 1996-10-31 1998-05-06 Rollalong Limited Modular buildings
GB2360300B (en) * 2000-03-01 2004-09-29 Portakabin Ltd Improvements relating to building units
GB2360299B (en) * 2000-03-01 2004-09-29 Portakabin Ltd Prefabricated building unit with fascia system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2009268A (en) * 1934-10-17 1935-07-23 Guy F Kotrbaty Building construction unit
FR2267435A1 (en) * 1974-04-12 1975-11-07 Lemettre Gerard Modular steel-framed building construction - has welded crowns joining posts, floor base and foundation
CA1174824A (fr) * 1980-10-23 1984-09-25 Sergio Iorio Peretto Methode de fabrication d'une charpente de sas pour adaptation a un mur exterieur
AU582298B2 (en) * 1986-03-06 1989-03-16 Building Solutions Pty Ltd Building system
GB9126460D0 (en) * 1991-12-13 1992-02-12 Portakabin Ltd Portable building unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9515015D0 (en) 1995-09-20
EP0693601A2 (fr) 1996-01-24
DE69521366D1 (de) 2001-07-26
DE69521366T2 (de) 2001-10-11
GB2291445B (en) 1998-04-29
GB9414766D0 (en) 1994-09-07
GB2291445A (en) 1996-01-24
EP0693601A3 (fr) 1996-09-11

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