WO1988003587A1

WO1988003587A1 - Ceiling and/or wall element, in particular for prefabricated houses

Info

Publication number: WO1988003587A1
Application number: PCT/EP1987/000678
Authority: WO
Inventors: Simon Aicher
Original assignee: Simon Aicher
Priority date: 1986-11-10
Filing date: 1987-11-05
Publication date: 1988-05-19
Also published as: DE3638288C1

Abstract

The element described comprises at least one, preferably two, plank units (1) arranged parallel at a distance from one another. Between these are provided (wooden) beams adjacently arranged, whereby a force-type link is possible between each plank unit (1) and the beams (3) by means of nails (9). In order to create, in particular for prefabricated houses, a ceiling and/or wall element which can be produced more quickly and more cheaply, with an increased carrying capacity for an identical or smaller total thickness and with comparable material costs and weight, each beam consists of a light-weight steel beam (3) which, in the region adjacent to the plank units (1), comprises nails (9) and/or cramps (11) clamped on the said region and driven into the plank units (1) from the sides of the metal beam (3).

Description

Ceiling and / or wall element, especially for prefabricated houses

The invention relates to a ceiling and / or convertible menu, in particular for prefabricated houses according to the preamble of claim 1.

The prefabricated construction has become increasingly important. The

The share of houses built in prefabricated construction today (1986) in the area of single and two-family houses is 9-10%, of which 80% were built in wood or wood panel construction. The average cost of prefabricated houses is now around 6% below the average cost of

Solid construction houses. Ceiling and wall elements of prefabricated houses in wooden panel construction are prefabricated in the manufacturing company. The entire structure is erected on the construction site from the individual elements in just a few days »

The above-mentioned conventional ceiling and wall elements of the wooden panel construction usually consist of two plankings arranged in parallel and at a distance from each other, for which mainly chipboard (DIN 68763) is used. Between the two particle board panels, solid or glulam square timber is arranged parallel to each other; in the case of wall elements, the timbers run in the direction of the vertical wall loads and in the case of ceiling elements in the tensioning direction of the ceilings. To achieve a shear-resistant connection, depending on the intended use, the planking is mostly nailed to the squared timbers (wall elements) or glued (ceiling element). The different connections result from the use-related different necessity to use the planking via its Steiner parts to carry it more or less clearly. During .the Her¬ nailed elements position process through extensive automation autoantibodies nailing in a variety of manufacturers be¬ already in the range of a few minutes is that Herstell¬ is time emente for sized deck Enel ^', due to the Durchwärm- times of chipboard in Hot glueing, today ~ 20-30

• min and hereby represents a significant rationalization bottleneck (exact glue tolerance must be observed for the gluing). Depending on the intended use, insulation and insulation materials such as z. B. rock wool and sand mats introduced; Furthermore, depending on the intended use, facing formwork or floating floor coverings are applied to the primary load-bearing elements. With regard to the dimensions, the wall elements between the mostly used large boards (height = wall height approx. 2, 50 m, length usually up to approx. 10 m) and the less frequently used small boards (height 2, 50 m, length about 1.25 m). The lengths of the ceiling elements are in the range of approx. 5 to 10 m, the width is usually approx. 1.25 m. In the case of wall elements, the rib height is generally between 80 - 140 mm, and the rib spacing (clear width plus one rib width) is between approx. 400 - 625 mm; the thickness of the chipboard cladding is approx. 13 mm. In the case of ceiling elements, the rib height is usually between 170 - 200 mm and the rib spacing is approx. 400 mm; Thicknesses of 13 - 16 mm predominate in the planking.

Although this construction method has proven very successful in practice, the costs, in particular in the production of the glued ceiling elements, are not negligible. The main cost factors here include: a. To mention: the long press service life, the energy consumption of the heated presses and the adherence to precise material moisture tolerances.

In contrast, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a structural (panel) element primarily for ceilings, but also for walls, preferably for prefabricated houses, which with increased load-bearing capacity with the same or Thinner overall thickness with comparable material costs and weight, in particular much faster and therefore less expensive to manufacture than the standard glued ceiling elements. In addition to the excellent structural properties, the new element should also offer the possibilities of effective and rational heat and sound insulation. (The term ceilings here means both horizontally oriented as well as inclined (roof elements) surface structures.)

The object is achieved according to the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. _^

The present invention surprisingly creates a panel element, in particular for prefabricated house ceilings, the production time of which (^ 1 min) is considerably less than in the prior art. The ratio to the manufacturing time of a conventional glued ceiling element is of the order of 1: 20. Furthermore, the newly created elements are characterized by a higher bending stiffness and permissible stress, with approximately the same weight and the same component thickness. with which, with unchanged load requirements, lower cross-sectional heights and thus also a reduction in the volume of the converted building and associated cost savings can be achieved. It can also be safely assumed that the pure material costs of the new components, if any, are only slightly above those of conventional glued or nailed elements.

The increase in rigidity is essentially achieved by using steel light beams with perforated or truss-like webs (honeycomb or truss girders) instead of the conventional wooden ribs, which, with the same cross-sectional height, have significantly higher bending stiffnesses than the previous wooden ribs, approximately in terms of weight these are comparable and are in terms of cost, based on comparable carriers available on the market, approximately at the same level. The reduction in production time, in particular in comparison to conventional glued wood panel elements, is achieved according to the invention by a novel, shear-resistant connection between the steel light beams and the wood-based paneling, which is produced during a short press-in process without higher temperatures. During the pressing process, the nails or claws or. the nail or claw plates or. -bands on the outward-facing upper and lower flange sides z. B. are fixed by spot welding, driven into the planking and thus a shear-resistant composite cross-section is produced. The duration of the pressing process is approximately 60 seconds and thus many times (approx. 20 times) less than the production time for a conventional glued wood panel element. The requirements for precise indoor climate conditions and material moisture, as required for perfect gluing, are eliminated. Element turning processes, as are usually necessary in the manufacture of nailed elements, are omitted. The one opposite

Gluing {* = 1 according to DIN 1052) slightly more flexible nails or. Claw-chipboard connection is compensated by the mentioned higher bending stiffness of the steel light beams.

As with the conventional elements with wooden ribs, several steel light beams arranged in parallel must be used for one element, the permissible spacing roughly corresponding to that of the solid wood ribs, since the proof of buckling safety of the planking should be decisive for this. In particular, two options are conceivable for placing the steel light carriers as rationally as possible. On the one hand, the steel light beams are held at a distance at both ends and secured against tipping until the latter is impossible after the nails or claws have penetrated the planking for the first time. Another possibility is that several or all of them are required for an element

Light steel girders can be connected to a "light steel girder basket" by a few welded round or flat steels, so that the individual girders do not have to be held in place.

The construction principle and embodiments of the

Light steel girders with lattice-like or generally openwork webs given for reasons of weight "Beams of similar construction principles (R, X, honeycomb beams ⁾ are manufactured fully automatically today; However, the cross-sectional dimensions required here in particular for single-family or multi-family prefabricated houses and embodiments which are particularly suitable for the special requirements are not available on the market.

In principle, all conceivable shapes are possible for the steel lightweight girders, which have at least one strap each in two parallel planes (which can also be curved). The belt outer sides oriented towards the cladding must be flat for the purpose of connecting individual nail or claw plates or bands (claims 9 to 12). U-, T-profiles are particularly suitable as belt profiles, and flat profiles are also suitable for the tension belts. Above all, truss bridges come into question as support webs, which are continuously simple to manufacture, such as webs with only alternating rising and falling diagonal struts or diagonal struts and vertical posts falling towards the center. The struts or posts can consist of cold or hot-formed round steels or tubes, from which the strut or strut and post webs are bent together. However, individual web bars, for. B. from angular profiles for the construction of the web truss can be used. It is advantageous for the truss webs to have two cuts (possibly with a slight inclination to the vertical) in order to prevent the belts from tipping over when the planking is pressed in. Likewise come for the webs or. the carrier trapezoidal by corresponding z ₀ example, circular, etc.-shaped openings high-resolution full wall webs in question. Possible advantageous construction principles are given in claims 3 to 8.

For fastening the planking (s) to the carrier belts, the nails or claws or nail or claw plates. Claw plates are also to be understood to mean fastenings in the form of “dowel plates”, as are basically known in particular in engineering wood construction. Of course, the term “plates” should also be understood to mean “nail or claw bands”. The mentioned nails / claws or nail or claw plates are z. B. attached by spot welding. Basic training of nail or claw plates are known from engineering wood construction. To ensure unproblematic spot welding, the base plates of the nail or Claw plates from which the nails or claws are punched out, nail or in the longitudinal direction of the beam. have claw-free protrusions. Nail or

Claw bands offer nail or resp. Claw-free areas that can be easily welded onto the belts in terms of process technology. In addition, the cladding covers the areas over larger areas than the nail or. Claw plates. Possible advantageous designs and arrangements of the nail or. Claw plates or. the nails and claws are given in claims 9 to 14. According to the invention, as set out in claim 15, an improved soundproofing option is also claimed in an excellent embodiment in such a way that an elastomer layer is fixed over the carrier belts before or during the element pressing, which is only broken through by the nails or claws. In this way, a virtually floating mounting of the planking (s) on the belts is achieved. The application of such an elastomer joint between planking and beams is associated with a considerable reduction in the load-bearing capacity in the conventional glued ceiling elements.

In addition, the invention, as follows in particular from claim 16, the possibility that the cavity of an element with double-sided planking can be completely foamed at once in contrast to conventional elements with solid wood ribs, since the foam is comparatively unhindered by the z . B. specialist work-like webs of the Stahl¬ light carrier can flow.

By making all the component components of the present invention more solid, preferably with only one overhead pressure belt cladding, which here is made of cross-laminated wood or thick plywood or veneer panels instead of chipboard, it is also possible to stretch the panels further

(up to approx. 15 m) manufacture prefabricated ceilings that are particularly suitable for industrial and commercial buildings. Elements of this type which have push and tilt bandages instead of the lower cladding (see below, for example: fire-retardant suspended ceiling) have, among other things, in particular considerable ones

Weight advantages compared to conventional prefabricated part ceilings, which are today mainly carried out for such purposes in solid construction or in steel-concrete composite construction. Further advantages, details and features of the invention emerge below from the exemplary embodiments illustrated with the aid of drawings. The individual shows:

Figures la and lb: front and side view of a ceiling /

Wall element;

FIGS. 2a and 2b: front and side view of a modified steel light carrier;

FIGS. 3a and 3b: front and side view of a modified steel light carrier;

FIGS. 4a and 4b: front and side view of a modified steel light beam;

5a to 5e: Examples of nail and claw plates;

Figure 6a and 6b: different longitudinal and cross-sections of nails.

In the following, reference is made to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, in which a first exemplary embodiment, a ceiling / wall mounting. mentes is shown. This ceiling / and element comprises two parallel, spaced-apart plankings 1, which consist of wood-based materials, in particular chipboard, or also of cross-ply wood. Steel spacers 3 are provided as spacers and support members between the two plankings 1, which are arranged as essential supporting elements in parallel and at a distance from one another depending on the element width and the load requirements in several rows.

The steel light beams 3, which in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b represent truss beams, each comprise two parallel U-profiles as lower and upper chords 5. Round bars which run in two parallel planes and which are each bent at approximately 45 ° against the longitudinal axis of the beam and which are welded in the contact areas to the belts in the region of the respective reversal points serve as webs 7 of the light beams 3.

Other embodiments of the steel light carrier 3, which need not be constructed symmetrically, are shown in FIGS. 2a to 4b. The steel girders shown as truss girders shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 have according to

Figure 2a, 2b as a pressure belt a T-profile 5o and as the lower

Drawstring a 5u flat iron. The web 7, which is designed as a strut-post framework, is made of continuously bent round steel and in turn has two sections, the two web planes being slightly inclined towards one another.

Another embodiment of the steel light carrier 3 is shown in Figures 3a, 3b. Here, instead of the continuously curved web bars, individual web bars 7, here z. B. from angle profile, used (which are welded to the straps).

Figure 4a and 4b shows a further embodiment of the Stahl¬ light carrier 3, which is designed here as a double-T profile, the web 7, large, here z. B. has circular recesses.

As shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, nail plates 9 ″ are attached to the outside of the steel light carrier belts 5 in the area of the strut reversal points by spot welding.

Instead of individual nail plates 9 ', as shown in FIGS. 1b, 5e, continuous, isolated or pushed ones can also be used Nail plates 9 'in the form of nail bands (flat steels which have several nail-like punched-out portions at certain intervals, for example in accordance with the distance of the strut connection points) are welded to the belts. The nail tips 13 of the nails 9 can taper to a point or can preferably be partially provided with barb-like shapes. The nail shank 15 can, _w i _s i _n Fi ^. la, lb and 6a is reproduced, predominantly approximately straight and unprofiled or; but also be tapered and profiled in accordance with the further exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 6a. Different cross-sectional profiles according to FIG. 6b are also possible.

Instead of the longitudinally extending nail plates 9 'shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, just as well

Claw plates 11 'according to Figures 5b, 5c and 5d can be used. The claw 11 'shown in FIG. 5d with larger dimensions or. the claw according to FIG. 5c is also known in principle in engineering wood construction as a so-called "dowel". Analogously to the nail plates 9 'in FIG. 5e, the claw plates can of course also be designed in the form of a band (flat steels with alternating areas of claw accumulations and claw-free locations).

The ceiling and / or wall element shown in FIGS. 1 a, 1 b is discussed below. The beams 3 are placed on the lower horizontally located planking 1 at the desired intervals and secured against tipping over. Then the top planking is placed over it, and finally components 1 and 3 of this layered

Structure by means of a simple, in particular unheated press to press against each other until the nails 9 in Figure la, lb shown extending nail plates 9 ^ have completely penetrated the planking 1.

The basic structure of the elements explained above and their simple manufacture can be improved further according to FIGS. 1 a, 1 b. Thus, mainly for reasons of improved sound insulation, as indicated in FIGS. 1 a, 1 b, an elastomeric layer 17 can be pressed in over the entire surface or in strips over the straps 5 of the steel light carrier 3 and the planking 1. Furthermore, in order to prevent undesired condensation water failure in the cross section of the component, a water vapor diffusion barrier film, e.g. B. of aluminum or polyethylene between the cladding 1 and the carrier 3 (in Figure la, lb between the elastomeric layer 17 and the cladding 1) are pressed together. Finally, during or after the pressing, the entire element cavity can be foamed using rigid foam 19, primarily for reasons of excellent thermal insulation (in particular for inclined ceiling elements.), The complete foaming by means of those shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b or 3a, 3b is only minimally hampered, while conventional wooden panel elements require bulkhead-like foaming.

Claims

41 Ceiling and / or wall element, especially for prefabricated houses

1. Ceiling and / or wall element, in particular for prefabricated houses with one or two parallel and spaced panels, preferably consisting of particle board (1) and below the top or between the two panels (1) side by side arranged (wooden) beams, in particular by means of nails (9) between each planking (1) and the beams a non-positive connection can be achieved, characterized in that the beams each consist of a steel light beam (3) -7 *

stand on the area adjacent to the planking (1) with the nails (9) and / or claws (11) driven into the planking (1) by the steel light carrier (3) and stuck into the planking (1) is provided.

2. Ceiling and / or wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that nail and / or claw plates (9 ¹ , 11 ^l ) are attached to the steel light beams (3) on the side adjacent to the planking (1).

3. Ceiling and / or wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel light carrier (3) each comprises a to the planking (1) to lie belt (5), des¬ sen to the planking (1) adjacent surface is flat on which the outwardly pointing nails (9) and / or

Claws (11) or the nail or claw plates (9 ¹ , 11 ') are attached »

4. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of claims before marriage 1 to 3, characterized in that the belt (5) of the

Steel light carrier (3) consists of a U, T or a Flach¬ profile.

5. ceiling and / or wall element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the steel light carrier

(3) between the belts (5) comprises a web (7) made of truss-like struts or strut-post trains bent Rurid steels or steel tubes.

6. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of the claims

1 to 5, characterized in that the webs (7) consist of individual struts or posts which consist of U or L profiles. S

7. ceiling and / or convertible according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the struts or. Strut-post trains of the webs (7) run in two parallel or slightly inclined planes.

8. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the webs (7) of the carrier (3) are formed from solid wall webs which have large circular or polygonal recesses, the steel light carrier (3) is preferably designed as a double-T rolled profile.

9. ceiling and / or wall element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the nails (9) and / or claws (11) or. the nail and / or claw plates

(9 ', 11') are arranged at least in sections in the area above the connections of the web struts or posts on the belts (5).

10. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of Ansprü¬ che 1 to 9, characterized in that the nail or claw tips (13) are arrow-shaped or barb-like.

11. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of the claims

1 to 10, characterized in that the nail shaft (15) can be formed with the same or tapering diameter with preferably notched shaft.

12. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of the claims

1 to 11, characterized in that the nails (9) or. ^< 7ζ

the claws (11) and the nail or claw plates (9 ¹ , 11 ') consist of a high-strength metal alloy, in particular steel.

13. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of the claims

1 to 12, characterized in that the nail or claw plates (9 ¹ , 11 ') are attached to the belt (5) by means of electrical resistance welding.

14. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of the claims

1 to 12, characterized in that the nails (9) or claws (11) are fastened to the belts (5) by means of electric welding.

15. Ceiling and / or wall elements according to one of the claims

1 to 14, characterized in that between the steel light carriers (3), optionally provided with nail and / or claw plates (9 ¹ , 11 ') and at least one planking ^" (1), one of the nails (9) or claws (11) punctured intermediate layer (17) made of elastomer

Material is provided.

16. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cavity between see the planking (1) and the space through the resolved webs (7) with rigid foam (19) ¬ is foamed.

17. Ceiling and / or wall element according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that between the Beplan¬ kung (1) and the steel lightweight supports (3) or the nail or ^ T ²

Claw plates (9 ', 11') over the entire surface of the element, a layer of water vapor diffusion barrier film which is only broken through by the nails (9) or claws (11), is preferably made of aluminum or polyethylene.