EP0691434B1 - Betonpfähle in Abschnitten - Google Patents

Betonpfähle in Abschnitten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0691434B1
EP0691434B1 EP95304745A EP95304745A EP0691434B1 EP 0691434 B1 EP0691434 B1 EP 0691434B1 EP 95304745 A EP95304745 A EP 95304745A EP 95304745 A EP95304745 A EP 95304745A EP 0691434 B1 EP0691434 B1 EP 0691434B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
pile
socket
spigot
zones
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95304745A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0691434A1 (de
Inventor
Anthony Lewis Reddaway
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balfour Beatty PLC
Original Assignee
BICC PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BICC PLC filed Critical BICC PLC
Publication of EP0691434A1 publication Critical patent/EP0691434A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0691434B1 publication Critical patent/EP0691434B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
    • E02D5/523—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments composed of segments

Definitions

  • This invention relates to driven piles for the support of buildings or other structures that are made in sections of reinforced concrete that are connected together by joints assembled as driving proceeds.
  • Document FR-A-2 343 865 represents the prior art as referred to in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a concrete pile section comprises an elongate body of reinforced concrete having a socket at one end (intended as and hereinafter referred to as the top of the section) and a spigot at the other end (the bottom ) and is characterised in that the spigot and socket are shaped and relatively dimensioned such that when the spigot at the bottom of one such section is fully inserted into the socket at the top of another such section to form a joint there is an interference fit between the spigot and socket in at least two zones spaced apart along the length of the joint but a clearance fit in at least a third zone spacing the said at least two zones and in that the socket is reinforced in each of the said at least two zones by at least one hoop member.
  • the invention includes a sectional pile including at least two such sections assembled as aforesaid.
  • the hoop members will normally be of steel, though other materials of sufficiently high tensile strength could be used. Preferably they are simple circular closed hoops, but other circular or non-circular structures, including structures with longitudinal members linking turns of a "spiral" wire can be used ("spiral" as used in connection with reinforced concrete means a helix or its non-circular - including especially square - analogue of constant or varying pitch).
  • hoop members fully embedded in the concrete seem to be most effective to inhibit cracking during driving, but alternatively they may be exposed on the exterior of the pile, so as to support its entire cross-section: since their function is fulfilled during driving of the pile, it is not of great importance if they are susceptible to corrosion when the pile is in service.
  • the reinforcement including the hoop members, may be of rolled welded steel mesh, of wire-tied cage construction, or any other conventional and suitable form.
  • all the sections of the pile are alike (except that in some cases it may be convenient for their lengths to differ) but if desired a special bottom section without a spigot and/or a special top section without a socket could be used, optionally with a reinforcing hoop member adjacent the bottom or the top respectively.
  • Another option is to fit a metal or plastics shoe to the bottom of the first section to be driven.
  • the spigot and the socket are of circular cross-section in plan, but they could be of matching non-circular shapes providing they can be cast with the required precision.
  • the shaft of the pile may be square, round, hexagonal, or of other plan cross-section.
  • the spigot and the socket are tapered in a broadly corresponding way, each preferably comprising two conical sections of substantially the same cone angle demarcated by a step, the steps in the spigot and in the socket being spaced apart in the direction of the length of the section to form the boundaries between the said two zones.
  • the spigot may be parallel in each of the zones, preferably with a similar arrangement of steps so that interference occurs only in the last stage of assembly.
  • the pile sections in accordance with the invention can be assembled "dry", that is without the use of any kind of adhesive, but a further advantage of having two zones with interference fit spaced by a third zone with a clearance fit is that this clearance can when desired accomodate a resinous adhesive, non-shrink grout or other bonding material (preferably one with good shear strength) where it is not in danger of being squeezed out by the forces arising during installation of the pile.
  • Suitable solid materials include rubbery or thermoplastic sheet materials, as commonly used to reduce damage to the ends of piles during driving; suitable viscous or pasty materials include the resinous adhesives, non-shrink grouts and the like already referred to as suitable for use as adhesives in the said third zone(s).
  • the joint seen in figure 1 is formed by the upper end of a first pile section 1 and the lower end of an identical pile section 2; pile section 1 is also seen in figure 2.
  • the sections are of concrete with reinforcing steel 3 of any appropriate structure, and have square shafts 4 reducing to circular section at the joint region.
  • the sections may be monolithic castings formed in a horizontal position in steel moulds having removable end sections for forming the joints, or end sections with projecting anchor bars may be cast separately in vertical moulds and integrated by casting the shaft in a horizontal position.
  • the top end of the section 1 is formed with a tapered socket 5 (figure 2) and the section 2 with a mating spigot 6 (figure 1).
  • the joint formed between spigot and socket comprises three zones 7, 8, 9; in zone 7 at the top of the joint and zone 8 at the bottom of the joint there is an interference fit between the spigot and the socket, giving immediate structural rigidity when the spigot is inserted into the socket; in the intermediate zone 9, demarcated from zone 7 by a step 10 between two equal-angled conical parts of the spigot 6 and from zone 8 by a step 11 between two equal-angled conical parts of the socket, there is a clearance 12 between the spigot and the socket.
  • the socket is reinforced by plain steel rings 13 and 14 respectively, which are exposed at the centres of the faces of the square-section pile but embedded at the corners.
  • Grooves 17 extending through the zones 7 and 8 provide for the escape of any excess resin.
  • an additional metal sleeve 18, corresponding in shape to the square plan section of the pile, is spot-welded to the ring 13 and receives the lower end of the upper pile section 2 to assist alignment; the cross-section of the concrete may be reduced to accomodate this sleeve without projection.
  • a first pile section is driven into the ground using a metal or plastics driving dolly temporarily inserted in the socket at its top end, and if ground conditions require it a metal shoe mounted on the spigot at its bottom end.
  • the driving cap is removed, and a quantity of a 2-part epoxy resin sufficient to fill the clearances 12 (and 15 and/or 16, if applicable) is mixed and either introduced into the socket or, if it flows slowly enough, coated onto the appropriate surfaces of the spigot; the next pile section is presented and its spigot inserted fully into the socket on the first pile section, causing the resin to flow if and as necessary, between the sides of the spigot and socket so that the clearances are substantially filled; in zones 7 and 8, however, the resin is substantially completely squeezed out from between the spigot and the socket giving direct concrete-to-concrete contact and thus a rigid frictional engagement allowing driving to continue without waiting for the resin to harden; on the other hand the interference fit in zones 7 and 8 is effective to prevent the resin
  • the pile section has a general plan cross-section 235mm square; the spigot and socket are 250mm long, made up of top and bottom (first and second) interference zones 40 and 45mm long respectively with an intermediate (third) clearance zone 165mm long.
  • the zones are delimited by steps with a radial height of 2mm superimposed on a uniform taper with a semi-angle of 1°30' between a diameter of 160mm at the narrow end of the bottom interference zone and about 177mm at the top of the top interference zone.
  • An experimental pile driven with sections according to this specific example has achieved an ultimate axial load-bearing capacity of 1MN in dense river gravel, similar to expectation for an unjointed pile.
  • the preferred pile section shown in figures 3-5 is generally similar to that of figures 1-2, and the same reference numerals have been used where appropriate for the corresponding parts.
  • the only substantial difference is that instead of the external hoop members 13 and 14 simple welded hoops 19, 20 of steel rod are used: they are affixed to the longitudinal reinforcement (by tie-wires or if preferred by welding) and thus become fully embeded in the concrete of the pile. It has been our experience to date that these embedded hoops are more effective than the external hoop members 13, 14 in making pile sections that resist the tendency for fragments to break away adjacent to angles in the joint region.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Betonpfahlabschnitt (1) mit einem langgestreckten Körper aus verstärktem Beton mit einem das Oberteil des Abschnitts bildenden Sockel (5) am einen Ende und einem das Unterteil bildenden Zapfen (6) am anderen Ende, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zapfen (6) und der Sockel (5) so geformt und relativ so bemessen sind, daß dann, wenn der Zapfen (6) am Unterteil eines derartigen Abschnitts (1) vollständig in den Sockel (6) am oberen Ende eines anderen derartigen Abschnitts (1) eingeführt ist, um eine Verbindung zu bilden, zwischen dem Zapfen (6) und dem Sockel (5) in mindestens zwei Zonen (7, 8) ein Preßsitz vorliegt, die entlang der Länge der Verbindung beabstandet sind, während eine Spielpassung (12) in mindestens einer dritten Zone (9) vorliegt, die die mindestens zwei Zonen (7, 8) voneinander trennt, und daß der Sockel (5) in jeder der mindestens zwei Zonen (7, 8) durch mindestens ein Ringelement (13, 14) verstärkt ist.
  2. Pfahlabschnitt nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Ringverstärkung (13, 14) auf den oberen Abschnitt und den unteren Abschnitt der mindestens zwei Zonen (7, 8) begrenzt ist.
  3. Pfahlabschnitt nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das oder jedes Ringelement (13, 14) ein geschlossener Kreisring ist.
  4. Pfahlabschnitt nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Zapfen (6) und der Sockel (5) jeweils zwei konische Abschnitte mit im wesentlichen gleichen Konuswinkel aufweisen, die durch eine Stufe (10, 11) begrenzt sind, wobei die Stufen (10, 11) des Zapfens (6) und des Sockels (5) in Längsrichtung des Abschnitts (1) voneinander beabstandet sind, um Begrenzungen zwischen den beiden Zonen (7, 8) zu bilden.
  5. Pfahlabschnitt nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Ringverstärkung (13, 14) im Körper des Pfahls (1) eingebettet ist.
  6. Mit Abschnitten ausgebildeter Pfahl mit mindestens zwei Abschnitten jeweils nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Zapfen (6) des einen Abschnitts (1) im Reibschluß mit dem Sockel (5) des anderen Abschnitts (1) zusammengebaut sind.
  7. Pfahl nach Anspruch 6, wobei ein harzartiger Klebstoff, ein nicht-schrumpfender Vergußmörtel oder ein anderes Bindemittel den Freiraum (12) in der dritten Zone (9) ausfüllt.
  8. Pfahl nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, mit einer Druckunterlage aus festem, viskosem oder pastösem Material zwischen den an den Enden aneinander anliegenden Flächen.
  9. Pfahl nach Anspruch 6 zusammengebaut ohne jegliche Art von Klebstoff.
  10. Abschnitt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 oder ein Pfahl nach Anspruch 7, mit mindestens einer Nut (17) zur Ausbildung eines Durchlasses durch jede Interferenzzone (7, 8) für den Durchfluß von überschüssigem Klebstoff.
EP95304745A 1994-07-07 1995-07-07 Betonpfähle in Abschnitten Expired - Lifetime EP0691434B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9413742 1994-07-07
GB9413742A GB9413742D0 (en) 1994-07-07 1994-07-07 Sectional concrete piles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0691434A1 EP0691434A1 (de) 1996-01-10
EP0691434B1 true EP0691434B1 (de) 1997-10-22

Family

ID=10757997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95304745A Expired - Lifetime EP0691434B1 (de) 1994-07-07 1995-07-07 Betonpfähle in Abschnitten

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0691434B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE159557T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69500911D1 (de)
GB (1) GB9413742D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2351516B (en) * 1999-06-09 2003-08-13 Abbey Pynford Contracts Plc Improvements relating to piles
EP2148011A1 (de) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-27 Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH Pfahlelement
CN101864770A (zh) * 2010-06-12 2010-10-20 缪立军 一种方桩的快速接头
NL2017517B1 (nl) * 2016-09-22 2018-07-23 Oskar Peter Henriette Pudelko Funderingwerkwijze, funderingkolomdeel en trillingabsorptie-orgaan

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB521683A (en) * 1939-03-02 1940-05-28 Victor Clarence Dudley Riches Improvements relating to concrete piles
NL260942A (de) * 1960-02-16
CH599431A5 (de) * 1976-03-08 1978-05-31 Quader Ets
GB8610617D0 (en) * 1986-04-30 1986-06-04 Pilecon Eng Berhad Piling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0691434A1 (de) 1996-01-10
ATE159557T1 (de) 1997-11-15
DE69500911D1 (de) 1997-11-27
GB9413742D0 (en) 1994-08-24

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