CA2001603A1 - Binder for fixing an anchor rod - Google Patents
Binder for fixing an anchor rodInfo
- Publication number
- CA2001603A1 CA2001603A1 CA 2001603 CA2001603A CA2001603A1 CA 2001603 A1 CA2001603 A1 CA 2001603A1 CA 2001603 CA2001603 CA 2001603 CA 2001603 A CA2001603 A CA 2001603A CA 2001603 A1 CA2001603 A1 CA 2001603A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- aggregates
- binder
- thermosetting resin
- capsule
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005476 size effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
- E21D20/026—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A binder for fixing an anchor rod in a base including a reactive thermosetting resin, a curing agent isolated from the reactive thermosetting resin for curing the thermosetting resin, and aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin. The reactive thermosetting resin is contained in a frangible outer capsule. The curing agent is isolated from the reactive thermosetting resin by being contained in a frangible inner capsule which is disposed in the outer capsule. The aggregates may either be mixed with the reactive thermosetting resin or may be mixed with the curing agent.
A binder for fixing an anchor rod in a base including a reactive thermosetting resin, a curing agent isolated from the reactive thermosetting resin for curing the thermosetting resin, and aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin. The reactive thermosetting resin is contained in a frangible outer capsule. The curing agent is isolated from the reactive thermosetting resin by being contained in a frangible inner capsule which is disposed in the outer capsule. The aggregates may either be mixed with the reactive thermosetting resin or may be mixed with the curing agent.
Description
2~ 6~3 Noboru Hiraoka BINDER FOR FIXING AN ANCHOR ROD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a binder for fixing an anchor rod such as an anchor bolt, reinforcing bar, pile and the like to a concrete body, concrete foundation, rock foundation and the like.
Anchor bolts, piles and the like (hereinafter referred to as "anchor rod") which are bonded to concrete bodies, concrete foundations, rock foundations and the like (hereinafter referred to as "foundation bed") are used to fix structures, structural members, machines, equipment, temporary supporting frame-works and the like. The following is known as a method for fixing an ;
anchor rod to foundation bed; the anchor rod is inserted into a lS mounting hole bored in the foundation bed and a binder ;
comprising reactive resin material as its chief component is inserted into an opening formed between the mounting hole and the anchor rod to bond the anchor rod to the foundation bed. ;
Hitherto, binders which have been widely used have included reactive thermosetting resin as its chief component, a curing agent contained in a small inner capsule to isolate the binder from the chief component and aggregates. In such conventional binders, the aggregates are ordinarily made of inorganic material, for example, sand and powders of natural stone or artificial stone, fiber glass, glass beads and the like.
As described above, such prior art binders for securing an anchor rod to a foundation bed comprising a chief agent, a curing agent and aggregates have been contained and sealed in an outer capsule. Within the outer capsule, the curing agent is further sealed in a small inner capsule to isolate it from the ~ chief component. In use, the outer capsule in which the binder 2`~016C3 is contained is inserted into a mounting hole bored in the foundation bed, and an anchor rod is driven into the mounting hole so as to both break the outer capsule and the small inner capsule which contains the curing agent, so that the chief component and the curing agent are brought into contact with each other to start reacting and curing, whereby the anchor rod i5 fixed to the foundation bed by the cured resin.
The above method for fixing anchor rods to foundation beds makes it possible to embed an anchor rod in a foundation bed with a high degree of accuracy, to expect an improved higher bond strength and to realize a considerable time saving.
Consequently, the above method is widely employed in the fields ;
of civil engineering and building engineering. In the field of civil engineering, such an anchor system is widely employed for fixing supporting and anchoring components and/or elements of ;
bridges, bridge piers, mold frames for fresh concrete and the like. In the field of building engineering, it is also widely employed for fixing flanges for piping, exterior structures such as vehicle bridges connecting warehouses, reinforcing building floors and fixing advertising displays on buildings and for like works .
It has been believed that the pull-out load bearing force of an anchor fixed in a mounting hole with a ~onventional binder as shown in Fig. 1, unless the load bearing capacity of anchor rod 4 is not too weak, increases as the diameter D or the depth L of the mounting hole is increased. More specifically, it has been believed that the pull-out load bearing force increases in proportion to the entire side wall area ~DL or the projected area ~D(L + 2D), in other words, approximately in proportion to the diameter D or the depth L of the mounting hole 2. ;
~ , , ... ... . . .. .... . .
2`~-~016~3 However, in actuality, the pull-out bearing force of such an anchor system does not increase in proportion to the diameter D of mounting hole 2. Consequently, the conventional anchor system has occasionally had a problem of insufficient strength in spite of its assumed sufficient strength. It is found that such trouble is attributable to a negative size effect of the diameter of anchor D.
The negative size effect inherent in the conventional technique will be discussed. In Fig. 1, when a tensile load is applied to the anchor and the load is increased to a certain level, the material of the foundation bed is sheared off in the ;
uneven portion of the surface area of the mounting hole adjacent to the layer of the eured binder 3 loeated around the anchor rod. The shearing-off of the foundation bed material 1 produces a slip plane 5 having two uneven surfaces of whieh eoncave and eonvex portions are still engaged together. When the load is further inereased, these two uneven surfaees start to sl$de in opposite directions, and the eoneave portions interfere with eaeh other to produce a high compressive stress which, in turn, produees a frietional foree between those two surfaces. This frictional force constitutes the major portion of the pull-out load bearing foree of the anehor system. The magnitudes of such compressive stress and frictional force can be estimated as follows. The height u of the convex portion of the uneven surfaces divided by half of the hole diameter D gives an approximate estimate of the strain ~ produced, that is, 2u/D
whieh in turn, being multiplied by Young's modulus E of the bed material, gives the compressive stress ad. That is:
ad = ~ x E
i = u/(D/2) x E ;~
= 2uE/D (1) 2~ 16~3 where: d = compressive stress u = height of convex portion of slip plane ~ = compressive strain E = Young's modulus The frictional force per unit area r to be produced is given by multiplying the compressive stress d and the frictional coefficient of the material ~ of bed as follows: ;
r = d x ~
5 2uE~/D (2) The value of "u" in Equation 2 above depends upon the properties of the bed material but very little on the diameter D, unless D is very small. Therefore, the frictional force r per unit area is known to be approximately inversely proportional to the hole diameter D. This is demonstrated graphically by a curve A in Fig. 2 in terms of an average frictlonal force per unit area. The frictional force per unit area represented by the ordinate is shown as a normalized relative term, the actual values being divided by an arbitrary reference value.
The total frictional force, which is obtained by multiplying the frictional force per unit area r and the effective area of side-wall of mounting hole 2, determines the .
pull-out bearing force Pm. That is:
Pm = r x ~DL' z (2uE~/D) x ~DL' = 2~uE~LI (3) .
where L' = effective embedment depth which is normally slightly : .:, shorter than the hole depth L.
In Equation 2 above, the term D is eliminated out of the equation so that the total pull-out bearing force Pm is now ~ -. . .
affected almost solely by the depth L' but little by the ~
. ..
diameter. The above description clearly reveals a negative size effect of the hole diameter inherent in the conventional method. ~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION .
It is known from the above investigation that, in order prevent the frictional force constituting the anchor strength from decreasing due to the size effect, it is necessary to compensate for the decrease by introducing a new mechanism to ;
produce some additional compressive stress. In the present invention to provide a compensation mechanism, the aggregates to be mixed into the chief component are made of cured thermosetting resin so that the binder, when cured, can deform considerably more under loading, and the deformation or flow thus produced is diverted in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis. The flow is thus blocked by the bulges on the anchor rod, such as the ribs on a deformed bar, the thread ridges of a bolt and the like, whereby an additional compressive stress is produced around the anchor to compensate for the decrease and solve the problem encountered with the conventional method.
In the binder of the present invention, the aggregates are made of cured thermosetting resin. Thus, the rigidity of the cured binder of the present invention is lowered considerably in comparison with that of the conventional binder containing inorganic aggregates, so that a deformation or flow of a considerable magnitude under loading can occur in the binder of the present invention. The deformation is blocked locally :
around the bulges on the anchor rod so as to be diverted in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis, whereby an ;
additional compressive stress is produced to compensate for the negative size effect.
21~16~3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above mentioned and other features and objects of this invention and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the conventional anchor to illustrate its construction;
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the relationship between the frictional force and the mounting hole diameter;
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a double walled cap~ule construction; and Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged diagrammatic view showing ths action of the binder of the present invention.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
The exemplifications set out herein illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention, in one form thereof, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope ~ ;~
of the disclosure or the scope of the invention in any manner.
pESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in Fig. 3, chief component 6, which is made of thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester resin, is sealed in outer capsule 7. Curing agent 8 is inserted into an inner capsule 9 which is encapsulated in the outer capsule 7 together with the chief component 6. Aggregates 10 are also inserted into the outer capsule 7 and are mixed with chief ZIDV16(~3 component 6. Aggregates 10 are made of a cured thermosetting resin which is nearly equivalent in its rigidity to the cured chief component 6, for example, such as unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, epoxy-acrylate resin and like thermosetting resins.
In case the binder of the present invention must be preserved for a long period of time until use, aggregates 10, composed of cured thermosetting resin, are required to have a good degree of corrosion resistance against the organic solvent contained in the chief component, or as shown in Fig. 4, outer capsule 7 must be provided with a double-walled construction including an inner capsule 11 in which aggregates 10 are inserted so as to be isolated from the chief component 6. In this case, aggregates 10 may be filled and sealed in an inner cap~ule 11 together with curing agent 8 which normally assumes a powder-like form.
In use of the binder of the present invention, binder capsule 7 prepared as above is first inserted into a mounting hole 2 bored in foundation bed 1 as shown in Fig. 1, and then, an anchor rod 4 is rotated and driven into mounting hole 2 to impact on outer capsule 7, thereby causing the binder capsule 7 of the present invention to break. In an embodiment as shown in Fig. 3, inner capsule 9 containing curing agent 8 and in an embodiment as shown in Fig. 4, the inner capsule 11 is also broken together with outer capsule 7 so that the curing agent is agitated and mixed with chief component 6 to initiate its curing and form the cured binder 3 with which anchor rod 4 is fixed to ;
the foundation bed.
As shown in Fig. 5, when a tensile load P is applied to anchor rod 4 which is fixed to foundation bed 1, a deformation of a considerable magnitude is produced in the cured resin 2~ 16~3 ;.," ~, binder 3 whose rigidity is lower than that of the conventional binder containing aggregates made of natural or artificial ston~. Such deformat~on or flow of the binder 3 is locally blocked by the bulges on the surface of anchor rod 4 and the flow of binder 3 is diverted in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis. A vector component perpendicular to the anchor axis of such deformation or flow produces a compressive stress around the anchor in the direction indicated by arrows "b", which serves as an additional compressive stress to compensate ~or the decrease due to the negative size effect in the compressive stress to be produced in slip plane 5 as discussed in connection with Fig. 1.
~ he areas denoted by the letter "X" in fig. 5 are called an effective frictional areas since large concentrated compressive stresses occur at those locations on the slip plane and thus a large concentrated frictional force also occurs there. As shown by the principal stress lines "b", the distribution of compressive stresses becomes nearly homogeneous having little stress concentration in the portion of the foundation bed which is far from the slip plane.
.
In the present invention, as described above, an additional ; ~
.
compensatory radial compressive stress is produced by deformation of the less rigid resin binder 3 which is made nearly wholly of cured resin and a small amount of fractured ~;~
capsule glass from the fractured capsules 7 and 9. Here, it -shall be noted that the additional compressive stress can not ; ~ ;.- , increase without limit since the material of the foundation bed 1 has a limit of compression, and the compressive stress can not increase beyond this limit. The concentrated compressive stress around the bulges is very high and is close to or reaches this upper limit. The curve denoted by "B" in Fig. 2 shows the 8 ` ;' ~ ''..
Z~016~3 relationship of the frictional force and the diameter of mounting hole 2 corresponding to this limit state. The curve is nearly flat and virtually independent of variation in the hole diameter. The height of this flat line is determined by the above-mentioned "effective frictional area", and the larger the effective frictional area, the higher the position of the limit line. Therefore now:
d = constant, therefore ~ = ad x ~ = constant, where ad depends on the effective frictional area.
The resin binder by the present invention, comprising a reactive thermosetting resin as its main component, a curing agent and aggregates made of cured thermosetting resin, has a much lower rigidity, when cured, than that of the conventional binder in which aggregates are made of hard inorganic material.
Thus, the former can exhibit more deformation or flow under loading than the latter thereby creating the areas of compressive stress as shown in Fig. 5.
The deformation or flow in the binder of the present ;~
invention under tensile loading is diverted by the bulges on an anchor rod in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis, ~;
produces additional large compressive stresses around the slip plane to compensate for the negative scale effect due to the ;
anchor diameter inherent in conventional binders, and makes it ;~
possible to produce an anchor embodying the so far assumed but actually not attainable property that the pull-out load bearing force of an anchor fixed with a binder containing aggregates increases when its mounting hole diameter is increased.
While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification~ This application is therefore intended to r ~3E~J ~ ~3 ,. . .
cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following the general principles thereof and including such departures of the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
. ',"." ":
, -';.' ',,":,': '~'' ''
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a binder for fixing an anchor rod such as an anchor bolt, reinforcing bar, pile and the like to a concrete body, concrete foundation, rock foundation and the like.
Anchor bolts, piles and the like (hereinafter referred to as "anchor rod") which are bonded to concrete bodies, concrete foundations, rock foundations and the like (hereinafter referred to as "foundation bed") are used to fix structures, structural members, machines, equipment, temporary supporting frame-works and the like. The following is known as a method for fixing an ;
anchor rod to foundation bed; the anchor rod is inserted into a lS mounting hole bored in the foundation bed and a binder ;
comprising reactive resin material as its chief component is inserted into an opening formed between the mounting hole and the anchor rod to bond the anchor rod to the foundation bed. ;
Hitherto, binders which have been widely used have included reactive thermosetting resin as its chief component, a curing agent contained in a small inner capsule to isolate the binder from the chief component and aggregates. In such conventional binders, the aggregates are ordinarily made of inorganic material, for example, sand and powders of natural stone or artificial stone, fiber glass, glass beads and the like.
As described above, such prior art binders for securing an anchor rod to a foundation bed comprising a chief agent, a curing agent and aggregates have been contained and sealed in an outer capsule. Within the outer capsule, the curing agent is further sealed in a small inner capsule to isolate it from the ~ chief component. In use, the outer capsule in which the binder 2`~016C3 is contained is inserted into a mounting hole bored in the foundation bed, and an anchor rod is driven into the mounting hole so as to both break the outer capsule and the small inner capsule which contains the curing agent, so that the chief component and the curing agent are brought into contact with each other to start reacting and curing, whereby the anchor rod i5 fixed to the foundation bed by the cured resin.
The above method for fixing anchor rods to foundation beds makes it possible to embed an anchor rod in a foundation bed with a high degree of accuracy, to expect an improved higher bond strength and to realize a considerable time saving.
Consequently, the above method is widely employed in the fields ;
of civil engineering and building engineering. In the field of civil engineering, such an anchor system is widely employed for fixing supporting and anchoring components and/or elements of ;
bridges, bridge piers, mold frames for fresh concrete and the like. In the field of building engineering, it is also widely employed for fixing flanges for piping, exterior structures such as vehicle bridges connecting warehouses, reinforcing building floors and fixing advertising displays on buildings and for like works .
It has been believed that the pull-out load bearing force of an anchor fixed in a mounting hole with a ~onventional binder as shown in Fig. 1, unless the load bearing capacity of anchor rod 4 is not too weak, increases as the diameter D or the depth L of the mounting hole is increased. More specifically, it has been believed that the pull-out load bearing force increases in proportion to the entire side wall area ~DL or the projected area ~D(L + 2D), in other words, approximately in proportion to the diameter D or the depth L of the mounting hole 2. ;
~ , , ... ... . . .. .... . .
2`~-~016~3 However, in actuality, the pull-out bearing force of such an anchor system does not increase in proportion to the diameter D of mounting hole 2. Consequently, the conventional anchor system has occasionally had a problem of insufficient strength in spite of its assumed sufficient strength. It is found that such trouble is attributable to a negative size effect of the diameter of anchor D.
The negative size effect inherent in the conventional technique will be discussed. In Fig. 1, when a tensile load is applied to the anchor and the load is increased to a certain level, the material of the foundation bed is sheared off in the ;
uneven portion of the surface area of the mounting hole adjacent to the layer of the eured binder 3 loeated around the anchor rod. The shearing-off of the foundation bed material 1 produces a slip plane 5 having two uneven surfaces of whieh eoncave and eonvex portions are still engaged together. When the load is further inereased, these two uneven surfaees start to sl$de in opposite directions, and the eoneave portions interfere with eaeh other to produce a high compressive stress which, in turn, produees a frietional foree between those two surfaces. This frictional force constitutes the major portion of the pull-out load bearing foree of the anehor system. The magnitudes of such compressive stress and frictional force can be estimated as follows. The height u of the convex portion of the uneven surfaces divided by half of the hole diameter D gives an approximate estimate of the strain ~ produced, that is, 2u/D
whieh in turn, being multiplied by Young's modulus E of the bed material, gives the compressive stress ad. That is:
ad = ~ x E
i = u/(D/2) x E ;~
= 2uE/D (1) 2~ 16~3 where: d = compressive stress u = height of convex portion of slip plane ~ = compressive strain E = Young's modulus The frictional force per unit area r to be produced is given by multiplying the compressive stress d and the frictional coefficient of the material ~ of bed as follows: ;
r = d x ~
5 2uE~/D (2) The value of "u" in Equation 2 above depends upon the properties of the bed material but very little on the diameter D, unless D is very small. Therefore, the frictional force r per unit area is known to be approximately inversely proportional to the hole diameter D. This is demonstrated graphically by a curve A in Fig. 2 in terms of an average frictlonal force per unit area. The frictional force per unit area represented by the ordinate is shown as a normalized relative term, the actual values being divided by an arbitrary reference value.
The total frictional force, which is obtained by multiplying the frictional force per unit area r and the effective area of side-wall of mounting hole 2, determines the .
pull-out bearing force Pm. That is:
Pm = r x ~DL' z (2uE~/D) x ~DL' = 2~uE~LI (3) .
where L' = effective embedment depth which is normally slightly : .:, shorter than the hole depth L.
In Equation 2 above, the term D is eliminated out of the equation so that the total pull-out bearing force Pm is now ~ -. . .
affected almost solely by the depth L' but little by the ~
. ..
diameter. The above description clearly reveals a negative size effect of the hole diameter inherent in the conventional method. ~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION .
It is known from the above investigation that, in order prevent the frictional force constituting the anchor strength from decreasing due to the size effect, it is necessary to compensate for the decrease by introducing a new mechanism to ;
produce some additional compressive stress. In the present invention to provide a compensation mechanism, the aggregates to be mixed into the chief component are made of cured thermosetting resin so that the binder, when cured, can deform considerably more under loading, and the deformation or flow thus produced is diverted in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis. The flow is thus blocked by the bulges on the anchor rod, such as the ribs on a deformed bar, the thread ridges of a bolt and the like, whereby an additional compressive stress is produced around the anchor to compensate for the decrease and solve the problem encountered with the conventional method.
In the binder of the present invention, the aggregates are made of cured thermosetting resin. Thus, the rigidity of the cured binder of the present invention is lowered considerably in comparison with that of the conventional binder containing inorganic aggregates, so that a deformation or flow of a considerable magnitude under loading can occur in the binder of the present invention. The deformation is blocked locally :
around the bulges on the anchor rod so as to be diverted in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis, whereby an ;
additional compressive stress is produced to compensate for the negative size effect.
21~16~3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above mentioned and other features and objects of this invention and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the conventional anchor to illustrate its construction;
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the relationship between the frictional force and the mounting hole diameter;
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a double walled cap~ule construction; and Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged diagrammatic view showing ths action of the binder of the present invention.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
The exemplifications set out herein illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention, in one form thereof, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope ~ ;~
of the disclosure or the scope of the invention in any manner.
pESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in Fig. 3, chief component 6, which is made of thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester resin, is sealed in outer capsule 7. Curing agent 8 is inserted into an inner capsule 9 which is encapsulated in the outer capsule 7 together with the chief component 6. Aggregates 10 are also inserted into the outer capsule 7 and are mixed with chief ZIDV16(~3 component 6. Aggregates 10 are made of a cured thermosetting resin which is nearly equivalent in its rigidity to the cured chief component 6, for example, such as unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, epoxy-acrylate resin and like thermosetting resins.
In case the binder of the present invention must be preserved for a long period of time until use, aggregates 10, composed of cured thermosetting resin, are required to have a good degree of corrosion resistance against the organic solvent contained in the chief component, or as shown in Fig. 4, outer capsule 7 must be provided with a double-walled construction including an inner capsule 11 in which aggregates 10 are inserted so as to be isolated from the chief component 6. In this case, aggregates 10 may be filled and sealed in an inner cap~ule 11 together with curing agent 8 which normally assumes a powder-like form.
In use of the binder of the present invention, binder capsule 7 prepared as above is first inserted into a mounting hole 2 bored in foundation bed 1 as shown in Fig. 1, and then, an anchor rod 4 is rotated and driven into mounting hole 2 to impact on outer capsule 7, thereby causing the binder capsule 7 of the present invention to break. In an embodiment as shown in Fig. 3, inner capsule 9 containing curing agent 8 and in an embodiment as shown in Fig. 4, the inner capsule 11 is also broken together with outer capsule 7 so that the curing agent is agitated and mixed with chief component 6 to initiate its curing and form the cured binder 3 with which anchor rod 4 is fixed to ;
the foundation bed.
As shown in Fig. 5, when a tensile load P is applied to anchor rod 4 which is fixed to foundation bed 1, a deformation of a considerable magnitude is produced in the cured resin 2~ 16~3 ;.," ~, binder 3 whose rigidity is lower than that of the conventional binder containing aggregates made of natural or artificial ston~. Such deformat~on or flow of the binder 3 is locally blocked by the bulges on the surface of anchor rod 4 and the flow of binder 3 is diverted in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis. A vector component perpendicular to the anchor axis of such deformation or flow produces a compressive stress around the anchor in the direction indicated by arrows "b", which serves as an additional compressive stress to compensate ~or the decrease due to the negative size effect in the compressive stress to be produced in slip plane 5 as discussed in connection with Fig. 1.
~ he areas denoted by the letter "X" in fig. 5 are called an effective frictional areas since large concentrated compressive stresses occur at those locations on the slip plane and thus a large concentrated frictional force also occurs there. As shown by the principal stress lines "b", the distribution of compressive stresses becomes nearly homogeneous having little stress concentration in the portion of the foundation bed which is far from the slip plane.
.
In the present invention, as described above, an additional ; ~
.
compensatory radial compressive stress is produced by deformation of the less rigid resin binder 3 which is made nearly wholly of cured resin and a small amount of fractured ~;~
capsule glass from the fractured capsules 7 and 9. Here, it -shall be noted that the additional compressive stress can not ; ~ ;.- , increase without limit since the material of the foundation bed 1 has a limit of compression, and the compressive stress can not increase beyond this limit. The concentrated compressive stress around the bulges is very high and is close to or reaches this upper limit. The curve denoted by "B" in Fig. 2 shows the 8 ` ;' ~ ''..
Z~016~3 relationship of the frictional force and the diameter of mounting hole 2 corresponding to this limit state. The curve is nearly flat and virtually independent of variation in the hole diameter. The height of this flat line is determined by the above-mentioned "effective frictional area", and the larger the effective frictional area, the higher the position of the limit line. Therefore now:
d = constant, therefore ~ = ad x ~ = constant, where ad depends on the effective frictional area.
The resin binder by the present invention, comprising a reactive thermosetting resin as its main component, a curing agent and aggregates made of cured thermosetting resin, has a much lower rigidity, when cured, than that of the conventional binder in which aggregates are made of hard inorganic material.
Thus, the former can exhibit more deformation or flow under loading than the latter thereby creating the areas of compressive stress as shown in Fig. 5.
The deformation or flow in the binder of the present ;~
invention under tensile loading is diverted by the bulges on an anchor rod in the direction perpendicular to the anchor axis, ~;
produces additional large compressive stresses around the slip plane to compensate for the negative scale effect due to the ;
anchor diameter inherent in conventional binders, and makes it ;~
possible to produce an anchor embodying the so far assumed but actually not attainable property that the pull-out load bearing force of an anchor fixed with a binder containing aggregates increases when its mounting hole diameter is increased.
While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification~ This application is therefore intended to r ~3E~J ~ ~3 ,. . .
cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following the general principles thereof and including such departures of the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
. ',"." ":
, -';.' ',,":,': '~'' ''
Claims (12)
1. A binder for fixing an anchor rod, comprising a reactive thermosetting resin, a curing agent, and aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin.
2. The binder according to Claim 1, wherein said aggregates are composed of unsaturated polyester resin.
3. The binder according to Claim 1, wherein said aggregates are composed of epoxy resin.
4. The binder according to Claim 1, wherein said aggregates are composed of epoxy-acrylate resin.
5. An apparatus for fixing an anchor rod in a base, comprising:
an outer frangible capsule;
a reactive thermosetting resin disposed in said outer capsule;
aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin disposed in said outer capsule;
a frangible inner capsule disposed in said outer capsule; and a curing agent disposed in said inner capsule.
an outer frangible capsule;
a reactive thermosetting resin disposed in said outer capsule;
aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin disposed in said outer capsule;
a frangible inner capsule disposed in said outer capsule; and a curing agent disposed in said inner capsule.
6. The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said aggregates are composed of unsaturated polyester resin.
7. The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said aggregates are composed of epoxy resin.
8. The apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein said aggregates are composed of epoxy-acrylate resin.
9. An apparatus for securing an anchor rod in a base, that apparatus comprising:
a frangible outer capsule;
a frangible inner capsule contained within said outer capsule;
a reactive thermosetting resin contained in said outer capsule; and a mixture of a curing agent for said reactive thermosetting resin and aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin disposed in said inner capsule.
a frangible outer capsule;
a frangible inner capsule contained within said outer capsule;
a reactive thermosetting resin contained in said outer capsule; and a mixture of a curing agent for said reactive thermosetting resin and aggregates composed of a cured thermosetting resin disposed in said inner capsule.
10. The apparatus according to Claim 9, wherein said aggregates are composed of unsaturated polyester resin.
11. The apparatus according to Claim 9, wherein said aggregates are composed of epoxy resin.
12. The apparatus according to Claim 9, wherein said aggregates are composed of epoxy-acrylate resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26994988A JPH02115500A (en) | 1988-10-26 | 1988-10-26 | Binder for fixing anchor |
| JP63-269949 | 1988-10-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2001603A1 true CA2001603A1 (en) | 1990-04-26 |
Family
ID=17479454
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2001603 Abandoned CA2001603A1 (en) | 1988-10-26 | 1989-10-26 | Binder for fixing an anchor rod |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0366103A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02115500A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4376789A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2001603A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100953128B1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2010-04-16 | 주식회사동일케미칼 | A laying fixture with flexibility for a shock absorber |
| CN210370735U (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2020-04-21 | 廊坊景隆重工机械有限公司 | Anchor rod and anchor cable stirrer |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2028451A (en) * | 1978-08-17 | 1980-03-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Sealing Cartridge for Anchoring Bolts or Sealing Solid Structures |
| DE2856735A1 (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-10 | Hilti Ag | TWO-COMPONENT ADHESIVE CARTRIDGE |
| US4280943A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-07-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Organic grouting composition for anchoring a bolt in a hole |
-
1988
- 1988-10-26 JP JP26994988A patent/JPH02115500A/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-10-25 EP EP19890119788 patent/EP0366103A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-10-25 AU AU43767/89A patent/AU4376789A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-26 CA CA 2001603 patent/CA2001603A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02115500A (en) | 1990-04-27 |
| AU4376789A (en) | 1990-05-10 |
| EP0366103A2 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| EP0366103A3 (en) | 1991-08-07 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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