EP0690812B1 - Bouchon filete a protection en cas de serrage excessif - Google Patents

Bouchon filete a protection en cas de serrage excessif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0690812B1
EP0690812B1 EP95905518A EP95905518A EP0690812B1 EP 0690812 B1 EP0690812 B1 EP 0690812B1 EP 95905518 A EP95905518 A EP 95905518A EP 95905518 A EP95905518 A EP 95905518A EP 0690812 B1 EP0690812 B1 EP 0690812B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cap
closure cap
sealing
over
run
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95905518A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0690812A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Pfefferkorn
Michael Kirchgessner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crown Cork AG
Original Assignee
Crown Cork AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crown Cork AG filed Critical Crown Cork AG
Publication of EP0690812A1 publication Critical patent/EP0690812A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0690812B1 publication Critical patent/EP0690812B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0471—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with means for positioning the cap on the container, or for limiting the movement of the cap, or for preventing accidental loosening of the cap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0407—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means
    • B65D41/0414—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means formed by a plug, collar, flange, rib or the like contacting the internal surface of a container neck
    • B65D41/0421—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means formed by a plug, collar, flange, rib or the like contacting the internal surface of a container neck and combined with integral sealing means contacting other surfaces of a container neck
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S215/00—Bottles and jars
    • Y10S215/902—Vent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a screw cap made of plastic material according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • screw caps are produced in very large quantities by injection molding and are used to close containers of all kinds. Screw caps made of plastic material have become established particularly in the area of carbonated soft drinks.
  • the closed container can be under high pressure because the carbonated liquid it contains releases gas.
  • Closure caps are known which are constructed in such a way that the container is released when the closure is opened before the thread of the closure cap comes out of engagement with the container. This reduces the risk of the cap suddenly jumping off the container when opened due to excessive internal pressure.
  • a problem with known screw caps is the behavior when handled incorrectly. If the closure is accidentally rotated in the wrong direction to open the container, the thread is over-tightened and if the over-tightening continues, the thread may snap over. This behavior would not be a problem for containers that are not under pressure; the cap would snap a thread further up again after snapping over. If, on the other hand, the container is under pressure, as is the case with carbonated drinks, for example, the thread may not snap into place quickly enough after snapping and the cap may fly off the bottle at high speed. This behavior in the event of incorrect handling of the closure has already been in the past led to accidents.
  • WO-90/10581 shows a closure cap with a braking element. This is arranged on the end of the internal thread facing the cap base in such a way that it lies at least partially in the area of the screw line for the external thread. It therefore runs onto the threaded inlet of the container mouth at the end of the screwing-on process and engages with the screwed cap. Its task is to brake the unscrewing movement when the desired end position is reached. This task is performed by the seals for caps without a brake element.
  • the overrun element does not have to lie in the area of the thread, it can also be located outside the thread behind the thread runout.
  • the overrun element lies outside the thread area used when the sealing cap is screwed on. It is arranged in such a way that it can be brought into engagement with the threaded inlet of the container mouth by turning the closure cap.
  • Engaging means that the overrun element runs onto the threaded inlet of the container mouth.
  • the overrun element is therefore at least partially in the continuation of the screw line provided for the external thread, so that when the closure cap is screwed over, it comes into the area of the thread inlet and runs onto it.
  • This overrun element significantly reduces the risk of the cap suddenly being pressed off when it is overtightened.
  • the cap wall in the area of this ramp element is pressed outwards by the ramp element running onto the thread inlet. This has the consequence that the snapping of the thread on this side is made easier, since it no longer fully engages due to the cap wall being pressed outwards.
  • the very opposite is happening on the side of the closure cap opposite the overflow segment: since the cap wall on the side of the overflow element is pressed outwards, it is pulled correspondingly stronger against the container neck; this makes it difficult to snap the thread. If you continue to overtighten, you cannot prevent the thread from snapping over, but it prevents the thread from snapping over the entire circumference at the same time.
  • the overrun element causes the sealing cap to deform when it is turned. This deformation can also be used to enable the container to be vented before the thread snaps over.
  • the closure cap has at least one circumferential seal. This seal lies against the container mouth along a sealing line. The course of the sealing line can be changed when the sealing cap is turned over, the change in the course of the sealing line is a result of the deformation caused by the running-on element.
  • the over-tightening protection of the closure cap is further improved if at least one hold-open element in the sealing area to prevent a seal is provided with a changed sealing line course.
  • the overrun element thus indirectly prevents the container from being sealed when the cap is overturned.
  • the deformation that occurs also increases with increasing overtightening. In order to reduce the pressure in the tank in good time, the deformation necessary to open the seals must be achieved before the thread snaps.
  • the specific design of the overrun element influences the force to be applied for over-tightening, as well as the deformation of the closure cap that occurs.
  • a shape is preferred in which the overrun element extends over a sector of at least 20 °, preferably 60 °, of the closure cap.
  • the deformation that can be achieved can be increased by increasing the thickness of the overrun element. This thickness is limited by the diameter of the container mouth to be closed, the inner radius in the area of the run-on element must be larger than the outer radius of the container mouth.
  • the cap is designed so that the outlet of the internal thread when the cap is screwed on is in the area of the thread start of the external thread.
  • the overrun element is then preferably arranged directly behind the outlet of the internal thread.
  • the sealing line is a line along which the closure cap and the container mouth touch. In order to prevent the seal, it must be ensured that there is no longer a circumferential sealing line.
  • the course of the sealing line can be changed in two ways: First, one can Sealing lip can be lifted from the container mouth in a certain area due to the deformation of the cap. The second case in which the sealing line shifts is more common. The contact point shifts away from the sealing lip to an area lying next to the sealing lip. This new contact point is now designed using at least one hold-open element in such a way that sealing at this point is prevented. In principle, this can be any type of surface profiling that is suitable for preventing a seal between the relevant support point and the container mouth.
  • a hold-open element is assigned to a special sealing lip and arranged in such a way that this sealing line is interrupted as quickly as possible when it is overtightened.
  • the hold-open element is located in the sealing area of the closure cap, ie in the vicinity of the seals, which are generally arranged on the cap base and / or in the area of the cap wall adjoining it.
  • Spacer elements and / or ventilation slots are preferably used as the hold-open element.
  • Spacers are usually shaped like a cam. They have a rather small contact surface, so that an air duct of sufficient size remains open next to the sealing element.
  • the deformation caused by the ramp element is not limited to the cap wall, it also affects the cap base. This undergoes a shift towards the side of the closure cap facing away from the overrun element, an amazing behavior. Since the cap wall on the side of the overrun element is pressed outward, a displacement of the cap base in this direction would also be expected. The reason for this is the different engagement of the thread on the two sides. The cap wall is pressed outwards in this area by the overrun element, the thread no longer fully engages here. On the opposite The opposite is the case, the cap wall is pulled against the neck of the container and the thread is strongly engaged. The cap wall therefore moves upwards on the side of the overrun element. It tends to skip.
  • a type of seal which is preferably used is the face seal, which is referred to here as the head seal. It extends from the inner surface of the cap base and, when the container is closed, lies against the end of the container mouth.
  • the seal must now be designed in such a way that the sealing line can be interrupted due to the deformation that occurs when overtightening. The easiest way to do this is to use the strong deformation of the sealing area on the side opposite the overrun element.
  • the seal is therefore designed in such a way that the sealing lip in this area is pulled over the end face of the container mouth when it is turned.
  • On the side of the closure cap opposite the overrun element at least one hold-open element is arranged next to the head gasket, on the inside thereof.
  • both a spacer element and a ventilation slot can be used as the hold-open element.
  • a spacer achieve which is arranged so that the contact force acting on it acts at least partially radially outwards. The sealing lip is thereby pushed away from the container mouth.
  • the inner seal extends from the inner surface of the cap base to the cap opening and is designed so that when the container is closed it can penetrate into the container opening and form a seal on the inner surface thereof.
  • the inner seal has a sealing zone in which the diameter of the inner seal is larger than the diameter of the container opening.
  • the displacement of the cap base that occurs due to overturning due to the overrun element is used to interrupt the sealing line. In principle, this can take place both on the side of the overrun element and on the opposite side of the closure cap. As already explained, the cap base is pulled onto the side of the closure cap facing away from the overrun element when it is turned over.
  • the inner seal On the side of the overrun element, the inner seal is pulled away from the inner surface of the mouth. If there is sufficient displacement of the cap base, the seal is lifted off in this area, which leads to the sealing line being interrupted. In this case, no hold-open element is required to interrupt the sealing line. However, since the seal is pre-tensioned in relation to the container mouth, this only takes place when the sealing cap is strongly deformed.
  • the inner seal can be opened more quickly on the opposite side of the sealing cap.
  • the outer surface of the inner seal on the side facing away from the run-on element has at least one hold-open element, which is arranged on the side of the sealing zone facing the cap bottom.
  • the radius of the inner seal in the area of the hold-open element is only a little smaller than in the area of the sealing zone so that it does not touch the container mouth when the cap is on.
  • sealing lips are used in combination in the case of closure caps of the type mentioned.
  • an inner seal a head seal and an outer seal can be used.
  • the design variants listed can also be used in combination.
  • the principles outlined can also be applied to sealing variants not shown here.
  • the reliability of the overturn protection can be further improved if several hold-open elements are arranged distributed over a sector of at least 20 ° of the closure cap.
  • the hold-open elements are preferably distributed over a sector of approximately 60 ° of the closure cap.
  • FIG. 1 shows the sectional view of a closure cap according to plane AA in FIG. 2.
  • the cap consists of a cap base 1 and a cap wall 2 adjoining it.
  • an outer seal 4 On the inner surface of the cap wall, a run-up element is arranged on the side of the internal thread facing the cap bottom. Spacer elements 7, 8, which serve as a hold-open element, are arranged in the sealing area on the side of the closure cap opposite the overrun element.
  • Figure 2 shows the view of the inside of a closure cap.
  • the overrun element has the shape of a circular ring sector, which extends over a sector ⁇ of 60 ° of the closure cap. This is arranged directly behind the thread outlet 11. When the cap is screwed on, the beginning of the container thread engages with the threaded outlet 11. It is therefore just in front of the overrun element 3. If the closure cap is turned over, the overflow element comes into engagement with the threaded inlet of the container mouth.
  • a plurality of spacer elements 7, 8 are arranged distributed over a sector ⁇ of 60 ° of the closure cap.
  • the internal thread has a plurality of ventilation slots 9 which run approximately parallel to the cap axis. These allow gas to flow off easily if the container is ventilated by opening the seals.
  • Figure 3 shows the sectional view of a container mouth with the cap attached.
  • the three sealing lips 4, 5, 6 lie all around the container mouth and hermetically seal it.
  • FIG. 4 shows the sectional view of the container mouth according to FIG. 3 with a closure cap overturned by 45 °.
  • the casserole element 3 has run onto the threaded inlet 12 of the container mouth.
  • the cap wall 2 is thereby in the area of the ramp element 3 from the outer surface of the container mouth depressed so that the internal thread is less engaged with the container thread. This makes it easier to snap the thread in the area of the overrun element.
  • the cap wall is pulled correspondingly stronger against the container wall.
  • the internal thread is therefore strongly engaged with the external thread of the container. Due to the screw action of the thread, the cap wall in this area of the closure cap is pulled downward more strongly onto the container during the overturning.
  • Figure 5 shows the sectional view of the container mouth according to Figure 3 with a cap which is turned 90 °.
  • FIG. 4 which shows the same closure arrangement with only a 45 ° overturned condition, a significantly greater deformation of the sealing area can be found here, in particular on the side opposite the overrun element.
  • the sealing lip of head 5 is pulled out over the outer edge of the mouth face. It does not touch the container in this area. Instead, the spacer elements 8 are now in contact with the outer edge of the mouth end face and thus effectively prevent a seal in this area of the container mouth.
  • the cap base is further shifted to the side facing away from the overrun element.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged illustration of the sealing area of the arrangement according to FIG. 5 on the side opposite the ramp element.
  • the closure cap touches the container mouth 14 only in the area of the spacer elements 7, 8. Gas in the container can therefore escape, as indicated by the arrows 17.
  • the spacer element 8 acts both in the axial and in the radial direction. It thus prevents both a seal in the area of the end face 16 and a seal on the outer face by the displaced sealing lip of the head gasket 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows the sealing area of a closure cap overturned by 90 ° on the side opposite the overrun element.
  • This ventilation slot begins next to the sealing lip of the head gasket 5. Its length 18, at least in the case of a deformed sealing area, is greater than the thickness 19 of the container mouth, so that it prevents a seal in the area of the mouth end face.
  • FIG. 8 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 5 after the closure cap 5 has been snapped over. This occurs at an overtightening angle of about 90 °.
  • the thread snaps on one side on the side of the overrun element, while it remains firmly engaged on the opposite side. This tendency can also be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5. This ensures that the internal thread can snap back into place even after increased snap-in pressure, and the cap remains on the container. In fact, however, there is no increased internal pressure at the moment of snap-over, since this was previously derived in accordance with the explanations for FIGS. 5 to 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Abstract

Lorsqu'un bouchon d'obturation d'une bouteille pour boisson est serré excessivement (en le tournant dans le mauvais sens), on risque que, par suite de la pression interne élevée, non seulement le bouchon sorte de son filetage, mais également qu'il saute. Pour éviter cet inconvénient, l'invention propose un bouchon à système de protection en cas de serrage excessif, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, à l'extrémité du filetage intérieur tournée vers le fond du bouchon, un élément d'amorçage (3) qui, en cas de serrage excessif, vient en prise avec l'entrée filetée du goulot de la bouteille. La paroi du bouchon se trouve ainsi, en cas de serrage excessif, poussée vers l'extérieur, dans la zone de l'élément d'amorçage, ce qui facilite la sortie du bouchon de son filetage dans cette zone. De ce fait, si le serrage se poursuit, le bouchon sort de son filetage seulement du côté de l'élément d'amorçage et ne peut sauter. Selon une variante d'exécution de l'invention, il est prévu des éléments de maintien d'ouverture (7, 8) dans la zone d'étanchéité. La déformation de cette zone d'étanchéité se produisant durant le serrage excessif, lesdits éléments viennent en contact avec l'ouverture de la bouteille et les lignes d'étanchéité sont interrompues, de sorte que de l'air est admis dans la bouteille avant que le bouchon sorte de son filetage.

Claims (11)

  1. Couvercle à vis en matière plastique comportant un fond de couvercle (1), une paroi de couvercle cylindrique (2) qui fait suite à celui-ci et qui présente un filetage intérieur pour la fermeture d'une ouverture de récipient pourvue d'un filetage extérieur, un élément formant rampe (3) destiné à limiter le vissage, qui est disposé à l'extrémité du filetage intérieur tournée vers le fond de couvercle (1) et qui se trouve au moins en partie dans la zone de l'hélice prévue pour le filetage extérieur, et enfin au moins un joint d'étanchéité circulaire (4, 5, 6) destiné à rendre l'ouverture du récipient étanche le long d'une ligne d'étanchéité, caractérisé en ce que le tracé de la ligne d'étanchéité peut être modifié par l'élément formant rampe (3) si le couvercle est vissé au-delà de celui-ci, et au moins un élément d'ouverture (7, 8, 15) disposé dans la zone d'étanchéité empêche l'étanchéité si le tracé de la ligne d'étanchéité est modifié.
  2. Couvercle selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément formant rampe (3) s'étend sur un secteur (α) du couvercle d'au moins 20 degrés.
  3. Couvercle selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément formant rampe (3) est disposé directement derrière la fin de filetage (11).
  4. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'ouverture (7, 8) est disposé sur le côté du couvercle opposé à l'élément formant rampe (3).
  5. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément d'ouverture est un élément écarteur (7, 8).
  6. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément d'ouverture est une fente d'aération (15).
  7. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'un des joints d'étanchéité est un joint supérieur (5) qui part de la surface intérieure du fond du couvercle pour rendre l'ouverture du récipient étanche côté frontal, et en ce que sur le côté du couvercle opposé à l'élément formant rampe (3), près du joint supérieur (5), au moins un élément d'ouverture (8) est disposé au niveau du côté intérieur dudit joint (5).
  8. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'un des joints d'étanchéité est un joint intérieur (6) qui part de la surface intérieure du fond du couvercle et dont la surface extérieure présente sur le côté opposé à l'élément formant rampe (3) au moins un élément d'ouverture (7) qui est disposé sur le côté de la zone d'étanchéité tourné vers le fond du couvercle.
  9. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs éléments d'ouverture (7, 8, 15) sont répartis sur un secteur (β) du couvercle d'au moins 20 degrés.
  10. Couvercle selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'ouverture (7, 8, 15) sont répartis sur un secteur (β) du couvercle d'environ 60 degrés.
  11. Couvercle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le filetage intérieur présente des fentes d'aération (9) à peu près parallèles à l'axe du couvercle.
EP95905518A 1994-02-01 1995-01-26 Bouchon filete a protection en cas de serrage excessif Expired - Lifetime EP0690812B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH28994 1994-02-01
CH289/94 1994-02-01
PCT/CH1995/000017 WO1995021095A1 (fr) 1994-02-01 1995-01-26 Bouchon filete a protection en cas de serrage excessif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0690812A1 EP0690812A1 (fr) 1996-01-10
EP0690812B1 true EP0690812B1 (fr) 1997-07-30

Family

ID=4183602

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95905518A Expired - Lifetime EP0690812B1 (fr) 1994-02-01 1995-01-26 Bouchon filete a protection en cas de serrage excessif

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US5871111A (fr)
EP (1) EP0690812B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08508700A (fr)
KR (1) KR100381125B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1048950C (fr)
AU (1) AU681931B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9505834A (fr)
CA (1) CA2157195C (fr)
CO (1) CO4370040A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59500437D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2104475T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU218859B (fr)
IL (1) IL112387A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ278041A (fr)
PL (1) PL178654B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2135402C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995021095A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA95737B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL178654B1 (pl) 2000-05-31
HUT72707A (en) 1996-05-28
NZ278041A (en) 1997-01-29
KR100381125B1 (ko) 2003-10-17
CN1122122A (zh) 1996-05-08
ZA95737B (en) 1995-10-04
JPH08508700A (ja) 1996-09-17
US5871111A (en) 1999-02-16
PL310941A1 (en) 1996-01-08
CA2157195A1 (fr) 1995-08-10
IL112387A (en) 1997-07-13
KR960700940A (ko) 1996-02-24
WO1995021095A1 (fr) 1995-08-10
AU1412095A (en) 1995-08-21
DE59500437D1 (de) 1997-09-04
CN1048950C (zh) 2000-02-02
CO4370040A1 (es) 1996-10-07
CA2157195C (fr) 2005-08-16
ES2104475T3 (es) 1997-10-01
AU681931B2 (en) 1997-09-11
RU2135402C1 (ru) 1999-08-27
HU218859B (hu) 2000-12-28
IL112387A0 (en) 1995-03-30
HU9502789D0 (en) 1995-12-28
BR9505834A (pt) 1997-08-12
EP0690812A1 (fr) 1996-01-10

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