EP0688907A1 - Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0688907A1
EP0688907A1 EP95401496A EP95401496A EP0688907A1 EP 0688907 A1 EP0688907 A1 EP 0688907A1 EP 95401496 A EP95401496 A EP 95401496A EP 95401496 A EP95401496 A EP 95401496A EP 0688907 A1 EP0688907 A1 EP 0688907A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trench
concrete
front wall
reinforcements
formwork
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95401496A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0688907B1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Goulesco
Pierre Richard
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Bouygues Travaux Publics SAS
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Bouygues SA
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Priority claimed from FR9407710A external-priority patent/FR2721633B1/en
Application filed by Bouygues SA filed Critical Bouygues SA
Publication of EP0688907A1 publication Critical patent/EP0688907A1/en
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Publication of EP0688907B1 publication Critical patent/EP0688907B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/187Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ the bulkheads or walls being made continuously, e.g. excavating and constructing bulkheads or walls in the same process, without joints

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the execution of a concrete veil in a trench, as the trench is dug.
  • the present invention aims to provide a device which makes it possible not only to protect the digging tool well against the introduction of concrete into the tool, but also to produce a veil of very good qualities.
  • the element which is moved in the trench following the digging tool consists of a rigid formwork formed by a front wall and two rear side walls which extend parallel to each other perpendicular to the front wall, said rigid front wall of the formwork being extended downwards by a skirt shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench, and said rigid lateral walls of the formwork being extended towards the 'rear by skirts shaped to be applied elastically on the side walls of the trench, means being provided for injecting the concrete under pressure into said formwork near the front wall.
  • Such an element perfectly protects the concrete of the trench against possible landslides of the wall of the trench and ensures an exceptional quality of veil.
  • the front wall is provided at its upper part with an upper skirt extending between the rear side walls, in order to avoid overflow of the concrete during its injection under pressure.
  • a concrete having a compressive strength of at least 100 bars and a tensile strength of at least 100 bars is used and the concrete is prestressed in the trench.
  • FIG 1 there is shown in Figure 1, in top view, a device 1 according to the invention, in place in a trench T running.
  • A the digging zone
  • B the excavated area
  • F the direction of progression of the device in the trench
  • the device 1 is placed in the excavated area B and comprises an element 10 to be moved in the trench, downstream of which a veil V of concrete is made.
  • This veil is for example a temporary or permanent retaining veil intended for a building, etc.
  • Element 10 which is moved from rear to front in the trench according to arrow F by any suitable drive means known to those skilled in the art, comprises a formwork consisting of a rigid front wall 12, followed by two rigid rear side walls 11 extended by flexible rear skirts 13 shaped to be applied elastically, generally in a sealed manner, to the side walls L of the trench.
  • the front wall 12 is generally flat and perpendicular to a vertical plane containing the direction of advance F, and the rear side walls 11 extend parallel to each other and to the side walls L of the trench, and perpendicular to the front wall 12.
  • the formwork constituted by the front wall 12 and the rear side walls 11 thus has a U-shaped section, conformed to the dimensions and profile of the dug trench, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the concavity of the U is turned towards the back.
  • the rigid side walls are extended towards the rear by rear skirts 13, constituted for example by elastomer strips fixed by a portion of their width on the respective interior sides of the rigid side walls 11 and whose free portion of their width extends outward to contact the trench. They can naturally be replaced, without departing from the scope of the present invention, by metal strips, or the like (PVC, etc.).
  • the rear skirts 13 extend, as shown in Figure 2, over the entire height of the rigid side walls 11 in the case where the front wall is used vertically.
  • the front wall 12 is extended downwards by a lower skirt 14 shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench T.
  • the rear skirts 13 and the lower skirt 14 close, in a sufficiently leaktight manner, the space between the front wall 1 2, the rigid side walls 1 1 and the side surfaces and the bottom of the trench, so that the injection of pressurized concrete in the formwork formed the rigid side walls 11 and the front wall does not cause any concrete leakage in the area before digging.
  • the concrete injection preferably takes place near the front wall 12 and in its median plane. It is carried out in the example described by means of a tube 20 attached to the front wall 12, extending over the entire height thereof and provided with orifices 22 and 23 opening respectively at the lower end 21 of the tube 20, near the lower edge 21 of the front wall 12, and at a point located in the lower part of the front wall 12.
  • the tube 20 is connected in a manner known per se at its upper end 24 to a pressurized concrete supply device known in itself and not shown.
  • This upper skirt 16 is preferably positioned horizontally when the device is used and defines the upper surface of the web to be executed. Thanks to the presence of this upper skirt 16, the concrete can be injected under high pressure into the trench without risk of overflowing the length of the skirt 16 will be chosen in particular according to the speed of advance, the injection rate of the concrete and its setting time.
  • the upper skirt 16 is connected to the horizontal upper edge of the front wall 12 with a possibility of adjustment in rotation around this upper edge, so as to allow horizontal positioning of the upper skirt 16 when the front wall 12 is inclined in the direction of advance F, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the rear skirts 13 are then preferably extended downward beyond the formwork element 10, so as to best ensure the sealing between the front digging area and the rear concrete injection area.
  • the formwork element is driven by means of an arm fixed to the front wall 12 on the side opposite to the rear side walls 11 and articulated at its upper part to allow adjustment of the inclination of the formwork element.
  • the inclined position of the front wall 12 makes it possible to resist the effects of the pressure at the bottom of the trench, which tend to drive the formwork element out by tilting it counterclockwise in FIG. 3.
  • the resistance of the device 1 concrete thrust is improved if the lower skirt 14 is retained by friction on the bottom of the trench, if necessary using braking teeth 17 projecting from its upper face (or lower as a variant) and allowing provide additional resistance.
  • the material used to dig the trench also serves to drive the formwork element. It can be a slicer 30 as shown in Figure 4. The efficiency of the latter is then improved by the aforementioned plating effect.
  • the aforementioned drive arm, referenced 40 in the figure 4, is advantageously mounted for rotation about a horizontal articulation axis at the rear of a support structure 31 secured to the trencher 30, so as to allow positioning in the desired inclination of the front wall 12.
  • the structure 31 carries digging means 32 known in themselves and not shown in detail.
  • the front wall is given an inclination of 10 ° or more towards the front relative to the vertical, in order to counteract the pushing forces of the concrete at the bottom of the trench on the front wall, by increasing the bearing force on the bottom of the trench of the formwork element.
  • concrete used in the description, should be understood broadly as also designating any material of high mechanical strength, for example a fiber reinforced concrete.
  • the invention recommends injecting into the formwork a concrete capable of a compressive strength of at least 100 bars and a tensile strength of at least 100 bars, and of vertically prestress this concrete in the trench.
  • concrete is chosen from fiber concrete or so-called reactive powder concrete.
  • the compressive strength of concrete can be significantly higher than 100 bars, but in most cases it seems sufficient to use a concrete having a compressive strength in the range 100 - 300 bars.
  • the concrete is prestressed by introducing from place to place into the concrete which has just been injected vertical reinforcements (50) which are sheathed (51) to be preserved from contact with the concrete with the exception of their lower ends (52) able to serve as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench and their upper ends (53) able to be used to tension the reinforcements in a manner known per se (nuts, distribution plates, etc.)
  • the reinforcements are for example cables or straight bars or bent at their lower end.
  • these reinforcements are placed in place in the vertical median plane of the trench, as the work progresses and they are temporarily maintained by any appropriate means (54).
  • the invention allows for example to produce molded walls substantially thinner than the walls obtained conventionally but having at least equivalent performance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The rigid shuttering unit (10) is moved along the trench as it is excavated, and the space behind the shuttering unit is filled with concrete. The shuttering unit comprises two side panels (11) joined by a transverse front wall (12) which is extended at the bottom by a skirt (14) in contact with the bottom of the trench. The rear edges of the side panels also have skirt extensions (13) which are applied elastically against the walls of the trench when concrete is injected under pressure between them. The shuttering unit is mounted on the rear of a machine (30,31) which is equipped with an excavating tool (32), and the concrete is injected through a tube with outlet nozzles. The side panel rear skirts are made from an elastomer, or metal strips. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne l'exécution d'un voile en béton dans une tranchée, au fur et à mesure du creusement de la tranchée.The present invention relates to the execution of a concrete veil in a trench, as the trench is dug.

On connait (WO-A-88 06208) un dispositif qui comprend un élément à déplacer dans la tranchée à la suite de l'outil de creusement, cet élément étant conçu pour établir une étanchéité entre une zone avant où fonctionne l'outil de creusement et une zone arrière où le béton est introduit dans la tranchée précedemment creusée par cet outil.We know (WO-A-88 06208) a device which comprises an element to be moved in the trench following the digging tool, this element being designed to establish a seal between a front zone where the digging tool works and a rear area where the concrete is introduced into the trench previously dug by this tool.

La présente invention vise à fournir un dispositif qui permette non seulement de bien protéger l'outil de creusement contre l'introduction de béton dans l'outil, mais aussi de réaliser un voile de très bonnes qualités.The present invention aims to provide a device which makes it possible not only to protect the digging tool well against the introduction of concrete into the tool, but also to produce a veil of very good qualities.

On y parvient selon l'invention par le fait que l'élément que l'on déplace dans la tranchée à la suite de l'outil de creusement est constitué d'un coffrage rigide formé d'une paroi avant et de deux parois latérales arrière qui s'étendent parallèlement entre elles perpendiculairement à la paroi avant, ladite paroi avant rigide du coffrage étant prolongée vers le bas par une jupe conformée pour s'appliquer sur le fond de la tranchée, et lesdites parois latérales rigides du coffrage étant prolongées vers l'arrière par des jupes conformées pour s'appliquer élastiquement sur les parois latérales de la tranchée, des moyens étant prévus pour injecter le béton sous pression dans ledit coffrage à proximité de la paroi avant.This is achieved according to the invention by the fact that the element which is moved in the trench following the digging tool consists of a rigid formwork formed by a front wall and two rear side walls which extend parallel to each other perpendicular to the front wall, said rigid front wall of the formwork being extended downwards by a skirt shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench, and said rigid lateral walls of the formwork being extended towards the 'rear by skirts shaped to be applied elastically on the side walls of the trench, means being provided for injecting the concrete under pressure into said formwork near the front wall.

Un tel élément protège parfaitement le béton de la tranchée contre les éboulements éventuels de la paroi de la tranchée et assure une qualité de voile exceptionnelle.Such an element perfectly protects the concrete of the trench against possible landslides of the wall of the trench and ensures an exceptional quality of veil.

Avantageusement, la paroi avant est munie à sa partie supérieure d'une jupe supérieure s'étendant entre les parois latérales arrière, afin d'éviter le débordement du béton lors de son injection sous pression.Advantageously, the front wall is provided at its upper part with an upper skirt extending between the rear side walls, in order to avoid overflow of the concrete during its injection under pressure.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé pour l'exécution en continu d'un voile de béton, qui comprend les étapes consistant à :

  • creuser une tranchée (T) dans le sol à l'aide de moyens d'excavation,
  • déplacer dans la tranchée un élément (10) propre à séparer de façon généralement étanche la tranchée en une zone avant (A) dans laquelle l'élément de coffrage progresse et une zone arrière (B),
  • introduire du béton dans ladite zone arrière,

caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un élément qui constitue un coffrage dans lequel on injecte sous pression ledit béton de sorte que la mise en place du béton dans la tranchée se fasse sans contact direct avec le terrain.The invention also relates to a process for the continuous execution of a concrete veil, which comprises the steps consisting in:
  • dig a trench (T) in the ground using excavation means,
  • move in the trench an element (10) capable of separating the trench in a generally sealed manner into a front zone (A) in which the formwork element progresses and a rear zone (B),
  • introduce concrete into said rear area,

characterized in that an element is used which constitutes a formwork into which said concrete is injected under pressure so that the placing of the concrete in the trench takes place without direct contact with the ground.

Avantageusement, on utilise un béton présentant une résistance à la compression d'au moins 100 bars et une résistance à la traction d'au moins 100 bars et on précontraint le béton dans la tranchée.Advantageously, a concrete having a compressive strength of at least 100 bars and a tensile strength of at least 100 bars is used and the concrete is prestressed in the trench.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, d'un exemple de réalisation non limitatif de l'invention, et au vu du dessin annexé sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus, schématique, d'un voile en cours de réalisation au moyen d'un dispositif selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe verticale dans le plan de coupe II-II de la figure 1, I'élément de coffrage étant représenté en position verticale,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe verticale dans le plan de coupe II-II de la figure 1, I'élément de coffrage étant représenté en position inclinée, et
  • la figure 4 représente schématiquement le dispositif selon l'invention monté à l'arrière d'une trancheuse.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the invention, and in the light of the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a sail in progress by means of a device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in vertical section in the section plane II-II of FIG. 1, the shuttering element being shown in the vertical position,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in vertical section in the section plane II-II of FIG. 1, the shuttering element being shown in an inclined position, and
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents the device according to the invention mounted at the rear of a slicer.

On a représenté sur la figure 1, en vue de dessus, un dispositif 1 selon l'invention, en place dans une tranchée T en cours d'exécution. On a référencé A la zone de creusement et B la zone excavée, le sens de progression du dispositif dans la tranchée étant donné par la flèche F.There is shown in Figure 1, in top view, a device 1 according to the invention, in place in a trench T running. We have referenced A the digging zone and B the excavated area, the direction of progression of the device in the trench given by arrow F.

Le dispositif 1 est placé dans la zone excavée B et comporte un élément 10 à déplacer dans la tranchée, en aval duquel est réalisé un voile V de béton.The device 1 is placed in the excavated area B and comprises an element 10 to be moved in the trench, downstream of which a veil V of concrete is made.

Ce voile est par exemple un voile de soutènement provisoire ou définitif destiné à un bâtiment, etc....This veil is for example a temporary or permanent retaining veil intended for a building, etc.

L'élément 10, qui est déplacé de l'arrière vers l'avant dans la tranchée selon la flèche F par tout moyen d'entraînement approprié connu de l'homme du métier, comprend un coffrage constitué d'une paroi avant rigide 12, suivie de deux parois latérales arrière rigides 11 prolongées par des jupes arrière souples 13 conformées pour s'appliquer élastiquement, de façon généralement étanche, sur les parois latérales L de la tranchée.Element 10, which is moved from rear to front in the trench according to arrow F by any suitable drive means known to those skilled in the art, comprises a formwork consisting of a rigid front wall 12, followed by two rigid rear side walls 11 extended by flexible rear skirts 13 shaped to be applied elastically, generally in a sealed manner, to the side walls L of the trench.

La paroi avant 12 est généralement plane et perpendiculaire à un plan vertical contenant la direction d'avancement F, et les parois latérales arrière 11 s'étendent parallèlement entre elles et aux parois latérales L de la tranchée, et perpendiculairement à la paroi avant 12.The front wall 12 is generally flat and perpendicular to a vertical plane containing the direction of advance F, and the rear side walls 11 extend parallel to each other and to the side walls L of the trench, and perpendicular to the front wall 12.

Le coffrage constitué par la paroi avant 12 et les parois latérales arrière 11 présente ainsi une section en U, conformée aux dimensions et au profil de la tranchée creusée, comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2. La concavité du U est tournée vers l'arrière.The formwork constituted by the front wall 12 and the rear side walls 11 thus has a U-shaped section, conformed to the dimensions and profile of the dug trench, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The concavity of the U is turned towards the back.

Les parois latérales rigides sont prolongées vers l'arrière par des jupes arrière 13, constituées par exemple par des bandes d'élastomère fixées par une portion de leur largeur sur les côtés intérieurs respectifs des parois latérales rigides 11 et dont la portion libre de leur largeur s'étend vers l'extérieur pour contacter la tranchée. On peut naturellement les remplacer, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, par des bandes de métal, ou autre (PVC, ...).The rigid side walls are extended towards the rear by rear skirts 13, constituted for example by elastomer strips fixed by a portion of their width on the respective interior sides of the rigid side walls 11 and whose free portion of their width extends outward to contact the trench. They can naturally be replaced, without departing from the scope of the present invention, by metal strips, or the like (PVC, etc.).

Les jupes arrière 13 s'étendent, comme représenté sur la figure 2, sur toute la hauteur des parois latérales rigides 11 dans le cas où la paroi avant est utilisée verticalement.The rear skirts 13 extend, as shown in Figure 2, over the entire height of the rigid side walls 11 in the case where the front wall is used vertically.

La paroi avant 12 est prolongée vers le bas par une jupe inférieure 14 conformée pour s'appliquer sur le fond de la tranchée T.The front wall 12 is extended downwards by a lower skirt 14 shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench T.

Les jupes arrière 13 et la jupe inférieure 14 ferment, de façon suffisamment étanche, l'espace compris entre la paroi avant 1 2, les parois latérales rigides 1 1 et les surfaces latérales et le fond de la tranchée, de sorte que l'injection de béton sous pression dans le coffrage constitué les parois latérales rigides 11 et la paroi avant n'entraîne aucune fuite de béton dans la zone avant de creusement.The rear skirts 13 and the lower skirt 14 close, in a sufficiently leaktight manner, the space between the front wall 1 2, the rigid side walls 1 1 and the side surfaces and the bottom of the trench, so that the injection of pressurized concrete in the formwork formed the rigid side walls 11 and the front wall does not cause any concrete leakage in the area before digging.

L'injection de béton a lieu de préférence à proximité de la paroi avant 12 et dans son plan médian. Elle est effectuée dans l'exemple décrit au moyen d'un tube 20 rapporté sur la paroi avant 12, s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de celle-ci et muni d'orifices 22 et 23 débouchant respectivement à l'extrémité inférieure 21 du tube 20, à proximité du bord inférieur 21 de la paroi avant 12, et en un point situé en partie inférieure de la paroi avant 12.The concrete injection preferably takes place near the front wall 12 and in its median plane. It is carried out in the example described by means of a tube 20 attached to the front wall 12, extending over the entire height thereof and provided with orifices 22 and 23 opening respectively at the lower end 21 of the tube 20, near the lower edge 21 of the front wall 12, and at a point located in the lower part of the front wall 12.

Le tube 20 est raccordé de façon connue en soi à son extrémité supérieure 24 à un dispositif d'alimentation en béton sous pression connu en lui-même et non représenté.The tube 20 is connected in a manner known per se at its upper end 24 to a pressurized concrete supply device known in itself and not shown.

L'amenée du béton sous forte pression entre les parois latérales arrière 11 aurait pour effet de provoquer un débordement du béton par le haut hors de la tranchée s'il n'était prévu une jupe supérieure 16 de confinement du béton entre les parois latérales. Cette jupe supérieure 16 est positionnée de préférence à l'horizontal lors de l'utilisation du dispositif et définit la surface supérieure du voile à exécuter. Grâce à la présence de cette jupe supérieure 16, le béton peut être injecté sous une pression élevée dans la tranchée sans risque de débordement la longueur de la jupe 16 sera notamment choisie en fonction de la vitesse d'avancement, du débit d'injection du béton et de son temps de prise.Bringing the concrete under high pressure between the rear side walls 11 would cause the concrete to overflow from the top out of the trench if an upper skirt 16 for confining the concrete between the side walls was not provided. This upper skirt 16 is preferably positioned horizontally when the device is used and defines the upper surface of the web to be executed. Thanks to the presence of this upper skirt 16, the concrete can be injected under high pressure into the trench without risk of overflowing the length of the skirt 16 will be chosen in particular according to the speed of advance, the injection rate of the concrete and its setting time.

La jupe supérieure 16 est reliée au bord supérieur horizontal de la paroi avant 12 avec une possibilité de réglage en rotation autour de ce bord supérieur, de manière à permettre un positionnement horizontal de la jupe supérieure 16 lorsque la paroi avant 12 est inclinée dans le sens d'avancement F, comme représenté sur la figure 3. Dans cette position inclinée d'utilisation du dispositif, qui est adoptée lorsque la tranchée est profonde, comme cela est expliqué dans la suite, les jupes arrière 13 sont alors, de préférence, prolongées vers le bas au-delà de l'élément de coffrage 10, de manière à assurer au mieux l'étanchéité entre la zone avant de creusement et la zone arrière d'injection du béton.The upper skirt 16 is connected to the horizontal upper edge of the front wall 12 with a possibility of adjustment in rotation around this upper edge, so as to allow horizontal positioning of the upper skirt 16 when the front wall 12 is inclined in the direction of advance F, as shown in Figure 3. In this inclined position of use of the device , which is adopted when the trench is deep, as explained below, the rear skirts 13 are then preferably extended downward beyond the formwork element 10, so as to best ensure the sealing between the front digging area and the rear concrete injection area.

De préférence, I'entraînement de l'élément de coffrage se fait au moyen d'un bras fixé sur la paroi avant 12 du côté opposé aux parois latérales arrière 11 et articulé à sa partie supérieure pour permettre un réglage de l'inclinaison de l'élément de coffrage.Preferably, the formwork element is driven by means of an arm fixed to the front wall 12 on the side opposite to the rear side walls 11 and articulated at its upper part to allow adjustment of the inclination of the formwork element.

La position inclinée de la paroi avant 12 permet de résister aux effets de la pression en fond de tranchée, qui tendent à chasser l'élément de coffrage en le faisant basculer dans le sens anti-horaire sur la figure 3. La résistance du dispositif 1 à la poussée du béton est améliorée si la jupe inférieure 14 est retenue par frottement sur le fond de la tranchée, si nécessaire à l'aide de dents de freinage 17 formant saillie sur sa face supérieure (ou inférieure en variante) et permettant d'opposer une résistance supplémentaire.The inclined position of the front wall 12 makes it possible to resist the effects of the pressure at the bottom of the trench, which tend to drive the formwork element out by tilting it counterclockwise in FIG. 3. The resistance of the device 1 concrete thrust is improved if the lower skirt 14 is retained by friction on the bottom of the trench, if necessary using braking teeth 17 projecting from its upper face (or lower as a variant) and allowing provide additional resistance.

La pression du béton crée, puisque la jupe inférieure 14 empêche le basculement de la paroi avant dans le sens anti-horaire sur la figure 3, un effort sur le bras d'entraînement de l'élément de coffrage tendant à plaquer au sol le matériel utilisé pour déplacer le bras.The pressure of the concrete creates, since the lower skirt 14 prevents the tilting of the front wall in an anti-clockwise direction in FIG. 3, a force on the drive arm of the formwork element tending to press the material to the ground used to move the arm.

Avantageusement, le matériel utilisé pour creuser la tranchée sert également à entraîner l'élément de coffrage. Il peut s'agir d'une trancheuse 30 comme représenté sur la figure 4. L'efficacité de cette dernière est alors améliorée par l'effet de plaquage précité.Advantageously, the material used to dig the trench also serves to drive the formwork element. It can be a slicer 30 as shown in Figure 4. The efficiency of the latter is then improved by the aforementioned plating effect.

Le bras d'entraînement précité, référencé 40 sur la figure 4, est avantageusement monté à rotation autour d'un axe d'articulation horizontal à l'arrière d'une structure porteuse 31 solidaire de la trancheuse 30, de manière à permettre le positionnement dans l'inclinaison voulue de la paroi avant 12. La structure 31 porte des moyens de creusement 32 connus en eux-mêmes et non représentés en détail.The aforementioned drive arm, referenced 40 in the figure 4, is advantageously mounted for rotation about a horizontal articulation axis at the rear of a support structure 31 secured to the trencher 30, so as to allow positioning in the desired inclination of the front wall 12. The structure 31 carries digging means 32 known in themselves and not shown in detail.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention, associé à une trancheuse, est le suivant.The operation of the device according to the invention, associated with a slicer, is as follows.

A mesure de l'avancement de la trancheuse 30 et de l'élément de coffrage 10, du béton est injecté entre les parois latérales rigides 11 par le tube 20 et le voile V est ainsi exécuté en continu sans risque de contamination du béton liquide par des éboulements de la tranchée, puisque la mise en place du béton dans cette dernière s'effectue à l'abri de l'élément de coffrage 10.As the slicer 30 and the shuttering element 10 advance, concrete is injected between the rigid side walls 11 by the tube 20 and the veil V is thus executed continuously without risk of contamination of the liquid concrete by landslides of the trench, since the placing of the concrete in the latter takes place away from the formwork element 10.

Lorsque la tranchée est peu profonde, il n'est pas nécessaire d'incliner l'élément de coffrage pour résister aux forces de poussée exercées par le béton en fond de tranchée sur la paroi avant 12.When the trench is shallow, it is not necessary to tilt the formwork element to resist the thrust forces exerted by the concrete at the bottom of the trench on the front wall 12.

Par contre, pour des profondeurs de l'ordre de la dizaine de mètres ou plus, et pour bénéficier de l'effet de plaquage précité, on donne à la paroi avant une inclinaison de 10° ou plus vers l'avant par rapport à la verticale, afin de contrecarrer les efforts de poussée du béton en fond de tranchée sur la paroi avant, en augmentant la force d'appui sur le fond de la tranchée de l'élément de coffrage.On the other hand, for depths of the order of ten meters or more, and to benefit from the abovementioned plating effect, the front wall is given an inclination of 10 ° or more towards the front relative to the vertical, in order to counteract the pushing forces of the concrete at the bottom of the trench on the front wall, by increasing the bearing force on the bottom of the trench of the formwork element.

Le terme "béton", utilisé dans la description, doit s'entendre de façon large comme désignant également tout matériau de résistance mécanique élevée, par exemple un béton renforcé par fibres.The term "concrete", used in the description, should be understood broadly as also designating any material of high mechanical strength, for example a fiber reinforced concrete.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'invention préconise d'injecter dans le coffrage un béton capable d'une résistance à la compression d'au moins 100 bars et d'une résistance à la traction d'au moins 100 bars, et de précontraindre verticalement ce béton dans la tranchée.In a preferred embodiment, the invention recommends injecting into the formwork a concrete capable of a compressive strength of at least 100 bars and a tensile strength of at least 100 bars, and of vertically prestress this concrete in the trench.

On choisit par exemple le béton parmi les bétons de fibres ou les bétons dits de poudre réactive. La résistance à la compression du béton peut être notablement supérieure à 100 bars, mais dans la majorité des cas, il apparaît suffisant d'utiliser un béton ayant une résistance à la compression dans la gamme 100 - 300 bars.For example, concrete is chosen from fiber concrete or so-called reactive powder concrete. The compressive strength of concrete can be significantly higher than 100 bars, but in most cases it seems sufficient to use a concrete having a compressive strength in the range 100 - 300 bars.

De préférence, on précontraint le béton en introduisant de place en place dans le béton qui vient d'être injecté des armatures verticales (50) qui sont gaînées (51) pour être préservées du contact avec le béton à l'exception de leurs extrémités inférieures (52) aptes à servir d'ancrages dans le béton au fond de la tranchée et de leurs extrémités supérieures (53) aptes à être sollicitées pour tendre les armatures de façon en soi connue (écrous, plaques de répartition, etc...), les armatures sont par exemble des câbles ou des barres rectilignes ou recourbés à leur extrémité inférieure.Preferably, the concrete is prestressed by introducing from place to place into the concrete which has just been injected vertical reinforcements (50) which are sheathed (51) to be preserved from contact with the concrete with the exception of their lower ends (52) able to serve as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench and their upper ends (53) able to be used to tension the reinforcements in a manner known per se (nuts, distribution plates, etc.) , the reinforcements are for example cables or straight bars or bent at their lower end.

De préférence, on dispose ces armatures de place en place dans le plan médian vertical de la tranchée, au fur et à mesure de l'avancement de l'ouvrage et on les maintient provisoirement par tout moyen approprié (54).Preferably, these reinforcements are placed in place in the vertical median plane of the trench, as the work progresses and they are temporarily maintained by any appropriate means (54).

La combinaison du coffrage, du choix du béton et des armatures précontraintes permet d'obtenir des résultats et des avantages très supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec le matériel connu et des bétons ordinaires, mêmes renforcés par des armatures passives.The combination of formwork, the choice of concrete and prestressed reinforcement provides results and advantages far superior to those obtained with known material and ordinary concrete, even reinforced by passive reinforcement.

L'invention permet par exemple de réaliser des parois moulées sensiblement moins épaisses que les parois obtenues classiquement mais présentant des performances au moins équivalentes.The invention allows for example to produce molded walls substantially thinner than the walls obtained conventionally but having at least equivalent performance.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation décrit. On peut remplacer la trancheuse par d'autres matériels d'excavation connus, ou simplement monter le dispositif à l'arrière d'un tracteur dans une tranchée préalablement creusée.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described. You can replace the trencher with other known excavation equipment, or simply mount the device at the rear of a tractor in a previously dug trench.

Claims (13)

1. - Dispositif pour l'exécution d'un voile en béton dans une tranchée au fur et à mesure du creusement de la tranchée, qui comprend un élément à déplacer dans la tranchée à la suite de l'outil de creusement, cet élément étant conçu pour établir une étanchéîté entre une zone avant (A) où fonctionne l'outil de creusement et une zone arrière (B) où le béton est introduit dans la tranchée (T) précedemment creusée par cet outil, caractérisé en ce que cet élément (10) est constitué d'un coffrage rigide formé d'une paroi avant (12) et de deux parois latérales arrière (11) qui s'étendent parallèlement entre elles perpendiculairement à la paroi avant, ladite paroi avant rigide du coffrage étant prolongée vers le bas par une jupe (14) conformée pour s'appliquer sur le fond de la tranchée, et lesdites parois latérales rigides du coffrage étant prolongées vers l'arrière par des jupes (13) conformées pour s'appliquer élastiquement sur les parois latérales de la tranchée, des moyens étant prévus pour injecter le béton sous pression dans ledit coffrage à proximité de la paroi avant. 1. - Device for the execution of a concrete veil in a trench as the trench is dug, which comprises an element to be moved in the trench following the digging tool, this element being designed to establish a seal between a front zone (A) where the digging tool works and a rear zone (B) where the concrete is introduced into the trench (T) previously dug by this tool, characterized in that this element ( 10) consists of a rigid form formed by a front wall (12) and two rear side walls (11) which extend parallel to each other perpendicular to the front wall, said rigid front wall of the form being extended towards the bottom by a skirt (14) shaped to be applied to the bottom of the trench, and said rigid side walls of the formwork being extended towards the rear by skirts (13) shaped to be applied elastically to the side walls ral of the trench, means being provided for injecting the pressurized concrete into said formwork close to the front wall. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la paroi avant (12) est munie à sa partie supérieure d'une jupe supérieure (16) s'étendant entre lesdites parois latérales rigides (11) et destinée à éviter le débordement du béton lors de son injection sous pression. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the front wall (12) is provided at its upper part with an upper skirt (16) extending between said rigid side walls (11) and intended to prevent overflow of the concrete when injected under pressure. 3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément est monté à l'arrière d'une machine (30) qui comporte l'outil de creusement. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said element is mounted at the rear of a machine (30) which comprises the digging tool. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit l'élément (10) est relié à ladite machine (30) par une liaison articulée, propre à permettre un réglage de l'inclinaison dudit élément vers l'avant lors de sa progression dans la tranchée, de manière à améliorer la résistance de l'élément aux forces de poussée dues à la pression du béton en fond de tranchée. 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that said element (10) is connected to said machine (30) by an articulated connection, suitable for allowing an adjustment of the inclination of said element towards the front during its progression in the trench, so as to improve the resistance of the element to the thrust forces due to the pressure of the concrete at the bottom of the trench. 5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la jupe inférieure (14) est munie d'un frein (17) propre à exercer un effort tendant à s'opposer à l'avancement de l'élément dans la tranchée. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower skirt (14) is provided with a brake (17) capable of exerting a force tending to oppose the advancement of the element in the trench. 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le frein est constitué par une ou plusieurs dents de freinage (17) formant saillie sur la surface de la jupe inférieure. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the brake consists of one or more braking teeth (17) projecting from the surface of the lower skirt. 7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6. caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'injection comportent un tube (20) rapporté sur la paroi avant (12), s'étendant dans la hauteur de cette paroi et muni d'orifices (22,23) débouchant dans la région du tiers inférieur de ladite paroi avant. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6. characterized in that said injection means comprise a tube (20) attached to the front wall (12), extending in the height of this wall and provided with orifices (22,23) opening into the region of the lower third of said front wall. 8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé ence qu'il comprend des armatures (50) à introduire de place en place dans le béton avant sa prise, ces armatures présentant des parties verticales qui sont gainées (51) pour être préservées du contact avec le béton à l'exception de leurs extrémités inférieures (52) aptes à servir d'ancrages dans le béton au fond de la tranchée et de leurs extrémités supérieures (53) aptes à être sollicitées pour tendre les armatures. et des moyens pour exercer une traction verticale sur les armatures. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises reinforcements (50) to be introduced from place to place in the concrete before it sets, these reinforcements having vertical parts which are sheathed (51) for be preserved from contact with concrete with the exception of their lower ends (52) capable of serving as anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench and their upper ends (53) capable of being used to tension the reinforcements. and means for exerting vertical traction on the reinforcements. 9. Procédé pour l'exécution en continu d'un voile de béton qui comprend les étapes consistant à : - creuser une tranchée (T) dans le sol à l'aide de moyens d'excavation, - déplacer dans la tranchée un élément (10) propre à séparer de façon généralement étanche la tranchée en une zone avant (A) dans laquelle l'élément de coffrage progresse et une zone arrière (B), - introduire du béton dans ladite zone arrière, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un élément qui constitue un coffrage dans lequel on injecte sous pression ledit béton de sorte que la mise en place du béton dans la tranchée se fasse sans contact direct avec le terrain. 9. Process for the continuous execution of a concrete veil which comprises the steps consisting in: - dig a trench (T) in the ground using excavation means, - move in the trench an element (10) suitable for separating the trench in a generally sealed manner into a front zone (A) in which the formwork element progresses and a rear zone (B), - introduce concrete into said rear area, characterized in that an element is used which constitutes a formwork into which said concrete is injected under pressure so that the placing of the concrete in the trench takes place without direct contact with the ground. 10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de coffrage (10) est entrainé en déplacement par une machine qui comporte l'outil de creusement, de sorte que le voile soit réalisé à mesure de la progression de cet outil dans la tranchée. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the shuttering element (10) is driven in displacement by a machine which comprises the digging tool, so that the web be made as this tool progresses through the trench. 11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un béton présentant une résistance à la compression d'au moins 100 bars et une résistance à la traction d'au moins 100 bars et en ce qu'on précontraint le béton dans la tranchée. 11. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a concrete is used having a compressive strength of at least 100 bars and a tensile strength of at least 100 bars and in that it is prestressed concrete in the trench. 12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit dans le béton qui vient d'être injecté des armatures verticales qui sont gainées pour être préservées du contact avec le béton à l'exception de leurs extrémités inférieures aptes à servir d'ancrages dans le béton au fond de la tranchée et de leurs extrémités supérieures aptes à être sollicitées pour tendre les armatures, et en ce qu'on exerce une traction verticale sur ces armatures. 12. The method of claim 11, characterized in that introduced into the concrete which has just been injected vertical reinforcements which are sheathed to be preserved from contact with the concrete with the exception of their lower ends suitable for serving d anchors in the concrete at the bottom of the trench and their upper ends capable of being used to tension the reinforcements, and in that a vertical traction is exerted on these reinforcements. 13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on dispose les armatures de place en place dans le plan médian vertical de la tranchée. 13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the reinforcements are placed in place in the vertical median plane of the trench.
EP19950401496 1994-06-23 1995-06-23 Apparatus and method for the construction of a concrete trench wall Expired - Lifetime EP0688907B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9407710A FR2721633B1 (en) 1994-06-23 1994-06-23 Device and method for the execution of a concrete veil in a trench.
FR9407710 1994-06-23
FR9507485A FR2721634A1 (en) 1994-06-23 1995-06-22 Device and method for the execution of a concrete veil in a trench
FR9507485 1995-06-22

Publications (2)

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EP0688907A1 true EP0688907A1 (en) 1995-12-27
EP0688907B1 EP0688907B1 (en) 2001-08-29

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EP (1) EP0688907B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69522383T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2721634A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3604736A1 (en) * 1986-02-14 1986-07-17 Andert, Kurt, Dipl.-Ing., 2900 Oldenburg Cut wall
WO1988006208A1 (en) 1987-02-20 1988-08-25 Claude Louis Apparatus and method for making a wall into the ground

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3604736A1 (en) * 1986-02-14 1986-07-17 Andert, Kurt, Dipl.-Ing., 2900 Oldenburg Cut wall
WO1988006208A1 (en) 1987-02-20 1988-08-25 Claude Louis Apparatus and method for making a wall into the ground

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2721634A1 (en) 1995-12-29
EP0688907B1 (en) 2001-08-29
DE69522383T2 (en) 2002-05-23
DE69522383D1 (en) 2001-10-04
FR2721634B1 (en) 1997-02-07

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