EP3617409A1 - Device and method for mechanical backfilling of trenches - Google Patents

Device and method for mechanical backfilling of trenches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3617409A1
EP3617409A1 EP19194103.8A EP19194103A EP3617409A1 EP 3617409 A1 EP3617409 A1 EP 3617409A1 EP 19194103 A EP19194103 A EP 19194103A EP 3617409 A1 EP3617409 A1 EP 3617409A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hopper
conveying
motorized vehicle
trench
conveyor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19194103.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3617409B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre CASTANY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STAT Travaux D'assainissement Et Travaux Agricoles Ste
Original Assignee
STAT Travaux D'assainissement Et Travaux Agricoles Ste
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Priority to PL19194103T priority Critical patent/PL3617409T3/en
Publication of EP3617409A1 publication Critical patent/EP3617409A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/22—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for making embankments; for back-filling
    • E02F5/223—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for making embankments; for back-filling for back-filling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/20—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders
    • E01C2019/2055—Details not otherwise provided for
    • E01C2019/207—Feeding the distribution means
    • E01C2019/2075—Feeding the distribution means with longitudinal conveyor belt
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/20—Apparatus for distributing, e.g. spreading, granular or pulverulent materials, e.g. sand, gravel, salt, dry binders
    • E01C2019/2055—Details not otherwise provided for
    • E01C2019/207—Feeding the distribution means
    • E01C2019/2085—Feeding the distribution means with transverse conveyor belt

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for the mechanical backfilling of trenches.
  • the present invention relates to the field of public works. It was carried out in the field of laying pipes in the ground.
  • pipe is understood here to mean any type of pipe: cables (electric, telephone, fibers, etc.), fluid pipes (gas, drinking water, waste water, etc.) or even sleeves. It is then necessary to backfill the trench by filling it with one or more types of material and, if necessary, finishing with a layer of coating, when the pipe is laid, for example under a roadway.
  • the pipe is laid at the bottom of the trench according to a process which depends on the nature of the pipe. As this laying technique is not concerned with the invention, it is not developed here.
  • the trench should be backfilled.
  • the material extracted during the construction of the trench can be used to fill the empty space between the pipe and the ground level.
  • This operation is most often carried out using a mechanical shovel which takes the backfill material (for example on a truck, at the edge of the trench, ...) to deposit it in the trench over the conduct. It can be achieved by directly dumping the material from the truck into the trench. It is then advisable to level the material to bring it to the ground level or even slightly below the ground level when a coating (tar or other) must be carried out in finish.
  • the document US5765966 discloses a device which simultaneously makes a trench and deposits at the bottom thereof a material, for example a material making it possible to modify the characteristics of the basement (to make it more stable or much more draining for example). It includes a motorized machine which door in cantilever at the back a tool allowing to realize the trench and to set up a new material at the bottom of this one, the new material being fed by a container also being at the back of the contraption. This device is not suitable for filling an already dug trench.
  • a trench filling unit includes a hopper for the storage of material to be introduced into the trench, a conveyor for moving the material from the hopper into the trench, as well as blades, which, in operational mode, are mounted in the trench and which have a lower edge defining the upper limit of the material displaced in the trench. Said blades can be of variable width and be tiltable both with respect to the horizontal axis and to the vertical axis.
  • This filling unit takes place at the front of a motorized vehicle.
  • the conveyor moves the material of the hopper laterally with respect to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle.
  • US5765966 there is no movement of material from one side of the machine to an opposite side.
  • the document FR2697036 shows a device of the road paver type which makes it possible to deposit in a single pass two different coatings, a main coating and an annex coating.
  • the coverings here are each spread on a road, each time by a distributor and a compacting and smoothing table.
  • the backfilling (and final coating) operation generally corresponds to the step during the laying of a buried pipe that requires the most time and it is therefore the overall duration of this operation that determines the duration of the construction site. pose.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a corresponding device making it possible to backfill a trench or the like more quickly.
  • the method according to the invention will make it possible to increase the level of quality of the fill.
  • This device is completely original based on a structure already known to a paver. It is suitable here for mechanical backfilling of trenches. This device allows continuous and not discontinuous backfilling as usually done with a mechanical shovel. The time saved is very noticeable. The ergonomics for the operator is also greatly improved.
  • the conveying means preferably make it possible to convey backfill material from the rear of the machine towards the front thereof.
  • the front rear direction is given by the elements (wheels, tracks or others) coming into contact with the ground, the first hopper being at the rear of the machine. It is possible to have a first hopper at least partially in rear overhang with respect to the elements (wheels, tracks or the like) coming into contact with the ground.
  • the conveying means then make it possible to bring backfill material to the front of these elements coming into contact with the ground.
  • the guide means are provided to guide the filling material falling downstream of the conveying means towards a trench.
  • the guidance can be done for example in a substantially vertical direction or in a substantially horizontal direction.
  • the guiding means may comprise a second hopper having an upper opening disposed under one end of the conveying means and a lower opening opening downwards.
  • the guide means may comprise two arms extending in a substantially horizontal direction and having substantially vertical faces and forming a dihedral. On the same device, one can have both a second hopper and guide arms.
  • provision is made for guiding means comprising arms mounted movable transversely independently of one another.
  • the spacing between the arms which defines the convergence zone, can be adapted as a function of the width of the trench to be backfilled.
  • the above device can also further include means making it possible to vary the height position of the guide means.
  • the trenches are made under a roadway and the device can fill the trench by overlapping it. In certain cases, however, the trench can for example be carried out on the shoulder. It is then advantageous to be able to arrange the guide means in cantilever with respect to the motorized vehicle so that the device can come to fill the trench from the side.
  • the device described above further comprises means making it possible to move the guide means laterally with respect to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle.
  • the conveying means of the device can then advantageously include means making it possible to carry out lateral conveying relative to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle.
  • the conveying means comprise for example a first conveying portion mounted on rollers extending between the elements intended to come into contact with a ground and defining a first conveying plane and at least one second conveying portion mounted on rollers extending the first conveying portion defining the first conveying plane, the second conveying portion defining a second conveying plane inclined upwards by compared to the first conveying plane.
  • the displacement of the backfill material transported by the conveyor means according to the first conveyor plane makes it possible to pass the backfill material from one side to the other of the motorized vehicle while the displacement by the conveyor means according to the second conveying plane makes it possible to “lift” the backfill material in order to bring it above the guide means.
  • the first conveying portion and the second conveying portion can be formed for example by a conveyor belt.
  • Such a method is particularly suitable for being implemented with a device as described above.
  • the motorized vehicle moves so that it is in front of the vehicle containing the filling material.
  • the device described above can be used for the implementation of all the materials coming to fill a trench, from the laying bed to the road surface.
  • the device illustrated in the figures is preferably made from a paver, that is to say a public works machine intended to deposit uniformly on a pavement a coating, in particular a bituminous mix.
  • such a paver includes a device for spreading a coating material, hereinafter called tar, on a roadway.
  • This device also called an adjustment table, has an elongated shape, is arranged transversely with respect to the roadway and receives tar which is distributed over the adjustment table using for example a worm screw system.
  • the adjustment table is carried by a motorized wheeled or tracked machine.
  • This motorized vehicle has a control platform on which an operator takes place.
  • the adjustment table In the "normal" direction of travel, that is to say when laying a covering, the adjustment table is at the rear of the machine (to prevent it from rolling on the covering which has just been laid and which is not yet dry).
  • the tar table is supplied with tar from a "reserve" of tar placed in a hopper located at the front of the machine.
  • hopper a container with an opening in the lower part with walls inclined towards said opening and which allows, like a funnel, to store and pour little by little (depending on the size of the opening in the lower part) a viscous material and / or grainy.
  • the tar is led from the hopper to the adjustment table by a bar conveyor, which extends from an extreme position under the opening of the hopper to the adjustment table.
  • the conveyor is most often arranged under the control platform, between the wheels or tracks of the motorized vehicle.
  • a dump truck is placed at the front of the paver (in the direction of travel), the tipper of which is filled with tar.
  • the bucket then gradually pours tar into the hopper of the paver.
  • This tar is conveyed to the adjustment table which deposits it on the road.
  • the rate of advance is given by the paver who pushes the truck which supplies it with tar.
  • another similar truck comes to replace it.
  • the device proposed here takes up the structure of a finisher, except for its rear part with the adjustment table and the conveying means intended for tar are adapted.
  • the entire rear part of the machine is replaced by one or other of the structures illustrated in the drawing and described in detail below.
  • the figure 4 shows as a whole a mechanical backfill device.
  • the motorized vehicle 2 comprises a chassis 6 which comes into contact with a ground by the intermediary of tracks 8 and which carries a first hopper 10 arranged here at the rear of the motorized vehicle 2. It seems unnecessary to describe in more detail this paver which is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the motorized vehicle 2 moves on a horizontal ground. Compared to the paver from which it is made, the mechanical backfilling is intended in operation to move in the opposite direction.
  • the first hopper 10 is therefore considered now and subsequently in the present description as being at the rear of the mechanical backfilling device (while it was at the front of the paver).
  • the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle naturally defines a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction, a front and a rear of the vehicle.
  • an up / down orientation is also defined, the platform being in the high position and the tracks in the low position.
  • the figure 1 illustrates the front of the mechanical backfill device according to a first embodiment.
  • This front part essentially comprises a second hopper 12 fed by a conveyor 14.
  • the second hopper 12 is formed by four sheets welded together.
  • a first sheet 16 is arranged vertically in the transverse position. It is used for the connection of the second hopper 12 with the mechanical backfilling device.
  • Two side plates 18 are attached to the first but are inclined relative to the vertical and a fourth transverse plate 20 is also inclined relative to the vertical.
  • Each of these four sheets has a lower edge and the four edges here form the edges of a lower opening 22.
  • the inclined sheets are inclined so that the upper edges of these four sheets form an opening much larger than the opening lower 22. This produces a double dihedral which guides and converges material falling from the top into the second hopper 12 towards the lower opening 22.
  • the upper edges of the side plates 18 and of the fourth plate 20 are each reinforced by a reinforcement tube 24. There are thus three reinforcement tubes 24 arranged in a U in a substantially horizontal plane. The free ends of the U are fixed (welded) to the first sheet 16 of the second hopper 12. This produces a reinforced hopper structure.
  • the first sheet 16 of the second hopper 12 is mounted on a transverse beam 26.
  • the latter is fixed to the motorized vehicle by means of lateral arms 28: these are arms which are used in the finisher from which the present device is constructed to receive a adjustment table.
  • these lateral arms 28 are fixed each time by two jacks 30 to the chassis 6 of the motorized vehicle 2. In this way, these arms can be translated upwards and / or downwards with or without combining this translational movement with a rotational movement.
  • Each end of the lateral arm 28 here receives a plate 32 which is connected by a connecting tube 34 to one end of the transverse beam 26, or near such an end.
  • the second hopper 12 is mounted movable relative to the transverse beam 26.
  • the second hopper 12 could be fixed on this beam 26 (or on any other structure making it possible to connect the second hopper to the chassis 6, preferably to the lateral arms 28 originally used to carry an adjustment table).
  • the transverse beam 26 forms a guide rail along which the second hopper 12 can translate.
  • the conveyor 14 is intended to bring backfilling material (or other) from the first hopper 10 to the front of the motorized vehicle 2. It passes under the motorized vehicle 2, in particular under the engine of the vehicle and under its control platform 4, and thus makes it possible to pass, longitudinally, material from the rear of the motorized vehicle 2 towards the front thereof.
  • This conveyor 14 has a first portion which extends substantially horizontally between the tracks 8. This first portion is located directly above the roadway and possibly the trench which has just been filled, depending on the position of this trench relative to the motorized vehicle 2. This same conveyor 14 has downstream of this first portion a second conveying portion which is inclined upwards.
  • the first portion of the conveyor corresponds substantially to the finisher conveyor which was used to transport the coating material from the first hopper 10 to the adjustment table.
  • This "original" conveyor is extended with the second conveying portion which is preferably adapted to the application for filling trenches.
  • the conveyor used is most often a bar conveyor, it is here chosen to have a treadmill, more suitable for filling material.
  • the conveyor 14 thus has a first end below the first hopper 10. It then collects the material which falls by gravity out of this first hopper 10. Then, in the case of the figure illustrated on the figure 1 , the conveyor 14 leads the material from the rear of the motorized vehicle 2 longitudinally to the front of the motorized vehicle 2 substantially horizontally (first conveying portion) and comes to bring it (second conveying portion) to 'above the second hopper 12. It then falls by gravity into the latter and then converges towards the lower opening 22 while being guided by the second hopper 12.
  • the mechanical backfilling device does not include any element coming to take place under the lower opening 22 of the second hopper.
  • the figures illustrate a stiffener 38 disposed transversely in the lower opening 22 to prevent the two lower edges of the side plates 18 of the second hopper 12 from moving apart and then to modify the width (measured transversely) of the lower opening of the second hopper 12. Indeed, this width corresponds to the width of a trench to be backfilled and it is therefore necessary to avoid that under the pressure of the material passing through the second hopper 12.
  • this stiffener 38, or any other reinforcement structure in place of this stiffener or complementary it is expected that the material in the second hopper flows freely. As in the case of the first hopper 10, there is no conveyor or other element of the mechanical backfill device influencing the flow of material passing through the second hopper 12.
  • the conveyor 14 is then in the middle position relative to the mechanical backfilling device.
  • the second hopper 12, too, is then preferably also in the middle position.
  • the figures 2 and 3 show an advantageous alternative embodiment.
  • This intermediate conveyor 40 is intended to receive the material transported by the conveyor 14 to bring it to the second hopper 12. While the conveyor 14 moves the material in a longitudinal direction, the conveyor intermediate 40 moves the material it receives in a transverse direction.
  • the intermediate conveyor 40 is composed of a conveyor belt guided and conventionally driven by rollers. It has a first upstream end disposed below the downstream end of the conveyor 14 so that the material conveyed by the conveyor 14 falls by gravity onto the intermediate conveyor 40. This material is then carried to a downstream end of the intermediate conveyor 40 disposed above the second hopper 12, so that the material transported by this intermediate conveyor 40 falls by gravity into the second hopper 12.
  • the second hopper 12 is no longer disposed in the middle position relative to the mechanical backfilling device but comes in lateral overhang.
  • the second hopper 12 is movable in lateral translation relative to the spar 26 which serves as its guide rail.
  • the intermediate conveyor 40 must adapt to the position of the second hopper 12. To this end ( figure 4 ), it is mounted on a tube 42 extending transversely under a downstream roller 44 of the conveyor 14, that is to say below the highest roller of the conveyor 14.
  • the tube 42 is for example mounted on arms longitudinal 46 which support the downstream roller 44.
  • the figure 4 shows a fixing lug 48 (the other fixing lug being hidden by the latter) which extends vertically from a longitudinal arm 46 downwards.
  • the tube 42 is slidably mounted relative to these fixing lugs 48.
  • the position of the second hopper 12 of the figure 2 being symmetrical with the position of the second hopper 12 on the figure 3 relative to a median plane of the mechanical backfill device, and the conveyor 14 being in the middle position relative to the mechanical backfill device, it suffices to slide the tube 42 on one side or the other relative to the longitudinal axis (with the intermediate conveyor 40) so that the intermediate conveyor 40 passes from its position illustrated on the figure 2 to that illustrated on the figure 3 (or Conversely).
  • the conveying direction of the intermediate conveyor 40 is then modified by changing the direction of rotation of a drive motor of this conveyor.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show a second embodiment in which the second hopper of the first embodiment is replaced by arms forming a dihedral capable of coming to guide the filling material falling from the conveyor 14 towards a trench.
  • the second hopper 12 guides the filling material as it falls from the conveyor (conveyor 14 or intermediate conveyor 40) to make it converge in the trench, it is proposed here to drop the material filling and then guide it to the trench when moving the mechanical backfill.
  • a “horizontal” guidance of the filling material is thus produced while in the first embodiment this guidance was “vertical”.
  • the Figures 5 to 8 thus illustrate, in place of the second hopper 12 of the figure 1 , guide means for the filling material capable of scraping the ground on either side of the trench.
  • This guide device present here in the form of a U.
  • it comprises a base 50 and two arms 52 which widen out from the base 50 (or which converge towards said base).
  • the base 50 and the two arms are for example made from a cut and folded (or welded) sheet.
  • the arms 52 and the base 50 are arranged substantially vertically. They each have a lower edge arranged so that the three lower edges are in the same plane, which is substantially horizontal. This plane may be arranged at ground level, or may be slightly offset from the ground.
  • This horizontal guide device is mounted on the mechanical backfill device in the same manner as is the second hopper 12 in the first embodiment.
  • the base 50 is mounted on the transverse beam 26.
  • the latter is fixed to the motorized vehicle by means of the lateral arms 28 as described with reference to figures 1 to 4 .
  • Each end of the lateral arm 28 here receives a plate 32 which is connected by a tube 34 at one end of the transverse beam 26, or near such an end. It is thus possible to achieve precise positioning of the horizontal guide means.
  • the arms 52 and the base 50 are arranged so that the material transported by the conveyor 14 falls between the arms 52 when it arrives at the downstream end of the conveyor 14.
  • the base 50 is placed behind the arms 52 so that the material which falls between the arms 52 is then pushed by the base 50 into the trench.
  • the embodiment illustrated on the Figures 5 to 8 provides that the means for guiding the filling material towards the trench, here the arms 52 (the second hopper 12 for the figures 1 to 4 ) is mounted movable relative to the transverse beam 26.
  • the base 50 and the arms 52 could be fixed on this spar 26 (or on any other structure making it possible to connect them to the chassis 6, preferably to the lateral arms 28 originally used to carry an adjustment table).
  • the transverse beam 26 forms a guide rail along which the arms 52 can translate.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate two extreme positions that the guide arms 52 can take. We find here, as on figures 2 and 3 , the presence of the intermediate conveyor 40. It seems unnecessary to repeat here the description of this intermediate conveyor 40 and the description of the means making it possible to move the guide means.
  • the guide means (second hopper 12, arm 52) have a predetermined dimension
  • the means for guiding the backfill material comprise two arms 62 mounted symmetrically to each other with respect to a longitudinal vertical plane.
  • Each arm 62 comprises a vertical plate 64 arranged in a substantially vertical and longitudinal plane.
  • Each vertical plate 64 is substantially rectangular, one edge of each plate being intended to come to rest on the ground at an edge of the trench to be backfilled. This edge thus forms the lower edge of the vertical plate 64.
  • the opposite edge, or upper edge, of the vertical plate 64 carries an inclined plate 66 which serves as a guide for orienting material falling from the conveyor 14 or from the intermediate conveyor 40 between the two vertical plates 64.
  • the inclined plates 66 thus form a flared edge towards the outside with respect to the vertical plates 64.
  • Each arm 62 is mounted movable in a transverse direction (relative to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle 2), that is to say substantially perpendicular to the vertical plates 64.
  • a frame with two transverse rails 68 connected between them is expected.
  • the two rails 68 are mounted horizontally and are arranged one above the other vertically.
  • the arms 62 are slidably mounted between these two rails 68.
  • a jack 70 is provided each time between the frame and an arm 62, said jack 70 extending parallel to the rails 68. The lateral position of each arm 62 can thus be adjusted regardless of the position of the other arm 62.
  • a person skilled in the art understands that in order to fill trenches located between the tracks 8 of the motorized vehicle 2, it is not necessary to provide an intermediate conveyor 40.
  • the position of the arms 62 is adapted, on the one hand, depending on the position of the conveyor 14 and, on the other hand, the width of the trench to be backfilled.
  • the arms 62 can come to move transversely to come overhang beyond the tracks 8 of the machine motorized.
  • the frame with the rails 68 supporting the arms 62 is itself slidably mounted transversely on a structure 72 having for example at least one transverse guide rail (or a guide groove). The frame with the arms 62 can then be offset to the left or to the right relative to the motorized vehicle.
  • a mechanical backfilling device described above can be used as indicated below to carry out the backfilling of a trench.
  • a second hopper 12 is chosen so that the dimensions of the lower opening 22 of this hopper are compatible with the width of the trench to be backfilled.
  • the width of the lower opening 22 will preferably be chosen just slightly less than the width of the trench so as, on the one hand, not to put filling material out of the trench during backfilling and, on the other hand , allow to have a uniform backfill over the entire width of the trench.
  • the second hopper 12 is positioned in the middle position ( figure 1 ) or in the lateral position ( figure 2 or figure 3 ) depending on the terrain configuration. The device is then ready for use.
  • the width of the base 50 corresponds to the width of the trench to be backfilled.
  • the guide means of the filling material at the end of conveying are possible.
  • the arms 62 are positioned relative to the conveyor 14 (or to the intermediate conveyor 40) and relative to the edges of the trench to be filled.
  • the first hopper 10 To fill the first hopper 10, it is proposed to couple, on the side of this first hopper 10, a dump truck with a dump body so that its bucket can pour into the first hopper 10.
  • the material poured into the first hopper 10 then falls by gravity onto the conveyor 14 to take it to the elevated downstream end of the conveyor 14.
  • the backfill material then falls either directly into the second hopper 12 or between the arms 52 or 62, or via the intermediate conveyor 40.
  • the lower opening 22 of this second hopper 12 or the base 50 is just above the trench to be backfilled.
  • the plates 64 of the arms 62 are arranged at the edges of the trench and thus locally extend the side walls of the trench.
  • the motorized machine 2 moves by adapting its speed to the flow rate of filling material transported by the conveyor 14.
  • a sensor placed at the front of the motorized vehicle can compare the filling level with the level of the surrounding soil in order to regulate the flow of filling material by acting on the conveying speed at the level of the conveyor 14.
  • the motorized vehicle 2 pulls the dump truck which supplies it with filling material.
  • the operator who drives the machine and who is on the control platform 4 sees the trench to be backfilled and can anticipate in the event of a problem. It is noted that thus also, the motorized machine does not roll over (or beside) a trench not backfilled. There is no risk here of damaging the trench. When the machine passes over or next to it, it is already backfilled and therefore mechanically stable.
  • the mechanical backfilling device described above can also be used to deposit just as well a laying bed, a pipe coating, one or more layers of backfill and / or one or more layers of road finishing (severe cement, asphalt, coated). The process remains the same whatever the need. Between two passages of the backfill device to add a layer of backfill or finish, it will be necessary to provide a compaction step as conventionally carried out.
  • a device as described above makes it possible to significantly reduce the time to backfill a trench.
  • Each backfill material automatically fills the trench automatically. This significantly improves the quality of the fill.
  • the same machine can also be used both for backfilling and for road finishing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif pour le remblayage mécanique de tranchées ou similaires, comportant :
- un engin motorisé (2) de type tracteur avec un châssis (6), un moteur et des éléments (8) destinés à venir en contact avec un sol, tels des roues ou des chenilles,
- une première trémie (10) adaptée à contenir un matériau de remblayage disposée d'un côté de l'engin motorisé (2) et présentant une ouverture en position basse, et
- des moyens de convoyage (14) adaptés pour convoyer un matériau de remblayage se trouvant dans la première trémie (10) du côté opposé de l'engin motorisé (2),
- des moyens de guidage (12) disposés en aval des moyens de convoyage (14) aptes à faire converger du matériau de remplissage tombant des moyens de convoyage vers une zone de convergence au niveau du sol.

Figure imgaf001
Device for the mechanical backfilling of trenches or the like, comprising:
- a motorized vehicle (2) of the tractor type with a chassis (6), an engine and elements (8) intended to come into contact with a ground, such as wheels or tracks,
a first hopper (10) adapted to contain a backfill material placed on one side of the motorized vehicle (2) and having an opening in the low position, and
- conveying means (14) adapted to convey a backfill material located in the first hopper (10) on the opposite side of the motorized vehicle (2),
- Guide means (12) arranged downstream of the conveying means (14) able to converge the filling material falling from the conveying means towards a convergence zone at ground level.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour le remblayage mécanique de tranchées.The present invention relates to a device and a method for the mechanical backfilling of trenches.

La présente invention concerne le domaine des travaux publics. Elle a été réalisée dans le domaine de la pose de conduites dans le sol.The present invention relates to the field of public works. It was carried out in the field of laying pipes in the ground.

Pour poser des conduites enterrées, il convient de creuser une tranchée dans le sol pour venir y poser une conduite. On entend ici par conduite, tout type de canalisation : câbles (électriques, téléphone, fibres, ...), conduites de fluides (gaz, eau potable, eaux usées, ...) ou bien encore fourreaux. Il faut ensuite remblayer la tranchée en venant la combler avec un ou plusieurs types de matériaux et terminer le cas échéant par une couche de revêtement, lorsque la conduite est posée par exemple sous une chaussée.To lay buried pipes, a trench should be dug in the ground to lay a pipe there. The term “pipe” is understood here to mean any type of pipe: cables (electric, telephone, fibers, etc.), fluid pipes (gas, drinking water, waste water, etc.) or even sleeves. It is then necessary to backfill the trench by filling it with one or more types of material and, if necessary, finishing with a layer of coating, when the pipe is laid, for example under a roadway.

Il existe plusieurs types de machines qui permettent de terrasser des tranchées à la profondeur souhaitée. La terre, ou autre matériau, est le plus souvent retirée à la pelle mécanique.There are several types of machines that allow trenching to the desired depth. The earth, or other material, is most often removed with a mechanical shovel.

Une fois la tranchée réalisée, la conduite est posée au fond de la tranchée selon un procédé qui dépend de la nature de la conduite. Cette technique de pose n'étant pas concernée par l'invention, elle n'est pas développée ici.Once the trench has been made, the pipe is laid at the bottom of the trench according to a process which depends on the nature of the pipe. As this laying technique is not concerned with the invention, it is not developed here.

Enfin, lorsque la conduite est posée, il convient de remblayer la tranchée. Le matériau extrait lors de la réalisation de la tranchée, mais le plus souvent un autre matériau, peut être utilisé pour remblayer l'espace vide entre la conduite et le niveau du sol. Cette opération est le plus souvent réalisée à l'aide d'une pelle mécanique qui vient prendre le matériau de remblayage (par exemple sur un camion, au bord de la tranchée, ...) pour le déposer dans la tranchée par-dessus la conduite. Elle peut être réalisée en déversant directement le matériau du camion dans la tranchée. Il convient alors de niveler le matériau pour l'amener au niveau du sol ou bien légèrement en-deçà du niveau du sol lorsqu'un revêtement (goudron ou autre) doit être réalisé en finition.Finally, when the pipe is laid, the trench should be backfilled. The material extracted during the construction of the trench, but most often another material, can be used to fill the empty space between the pipe and the ground level. This operation is most often carried out using a mechanical shovel which takes the backfill material (for example on a truck, at the edge of the trench, ...) to deposit it in the trench over the conduct. It can be achieved by directly dumping the material from the truck into the trench. It is then advisable to level the material to bring it to the ground level or even slightly below the ground level when a coating (tar or other) must be carried out in finish.

Le document US5765966 divulgue un dispositif qui réalise à la fois une tranchée et dépose au fond de celle-ci un matériau, par exemple un matériau permettant de modifier les caractéristiques du sous-sol (pour le rendre plus stable ou bien plus drainant par exemple). Il comprend un engin motorisé qui porte en porte à faux à l'arrière un outil permettant de réaliser la tranchée et de mettre en place un nouveau matériau au fond de celle-ci, le nouveau matériau étant alimenté par un conteneur se trouvant lui aussi à l'arrière de l'engin. Ce dispositif n'est pas adapté pour le remplissage d'une tranchée déjà creusée.The document US5765966 discloses a device which simultaneously makes a trench and deposits at the bottom thereof a material, for example a material making it possible to modify the characteristics of the basement (to make it more stable or much more draining for example). It includes a motorized machine which door in cantilever at the back a tool allowing to realize the trench and to set up a new material at the bottom of this one, the new material being fed by a container also being at the back of the contraption. This device is not suitable for filling an already dug trench.

Le document WO89/11569 montre une unité de remplissage de tranchées comprend une trémie permettant le stockage de matériau à introduire dans la tranchée, un convoyeur permettant de déplacer le matériau de la trémie jusque dans la tranchée, ainsi que des lames, qui, en mode opérationnel, sont montées dans la tranchée et qui comportent un bord inférieur définissant la limite supérieure du matériau déplacé dans la tranchée. Lesdites lames peuvent être à largeur variable et être inclinables à la fois par rapport à l'axe horizontal et à l'axe vertical. Cette unité de remplissage vient prendre place à l'avant d'un engin motorisé. En fonctionnement, le convoyeur déplace le matériau de la trémie latéralement par rapport à la direction de déplacement de l'engin motorisé. Comme pour le dispositif décrit plus haut ( US5765966 ), il n'y a pas de déplacement de matériau d'un côté de l'engin vers un côté opposé.The document WO89 / 11569 shows a trench filling unit includes a hopper for the storage of material to be introduced into the trench, a conveyor for moving the material from the hopper into the trench, as well as blades, which, in operational mode, are mounted in the trench and which have a lower edge defining the upper limit of the material displaced in the trench. Said blades can be of variable width and be tiltable both with respect to the horizontal axis and to the vertical axis. This filling unit takes place at the front of a motorized vehicle. In operation, the conveyor moves the material of the hopper laterally with respect to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle. As for the device described above ( US5765966 ), there is no movement of material from one side of the machine to an opposite side.

Le document FR2697036 montre un dispositif de type finisseur routier qui permet de déposer en un seul passage deux revêtements différents, un revêtement principal et un revêtement annexe. Les revêtements ici sont chacun étalés sur une route, à chaque fois par un distributeur et une table de compactage et lissage.The document FR2697036 shows a device of the road paver type which makes it possible to deposit in a single pass two different coatings, a main coating and an annex coating. The coverings here are each spread on a road, each time by a distributor and a compacting and smoothing table.

L'opération de remblayage (et de revêtement final) correspond généralement à l'étape lors de la pose d'une conduite enterrée qui demande le plus de temps et c'est donc la durée globale de cette opération qui détermine la durée du chantier de pose.The backfilling (and final coating) operation generally corresponds to the step during the laying of a buried pipe that requires the most time and it is therefore the overall duration of this operation that determines the duration of the construction site. pose.

La présente invention a alors pour but de fournir un procédé et un dispositif correspondant permettant de remblayer plus rapidement une tranchée ou similaire. Avantageusement, le procédé selon l'invention permettra d'augmenter le niveau de qualité du remblai.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a corresponding device making it possible to backfill a trench or the like more quickly. Advantageously, the method according to the invention will make it possible to increase the level of quality of the fill.

À cet effet, la présente invention propose un dispositif comportant :

  • un engin motorisé de type tracteur avec un châssis, un moteur et des éléments destinés à venir en contact avec un sol, tels des roues ou des chenilles,
  • une première trémie adaptée à contenir un matériau de remblayage disposée d'un côté de l'engin motorisé et présentant une ouverture en position basse, et
  • des moyens de convoyage adaptés pour convoyer un matériau de remblayage se trouvant dans la première trémie du côté opposé de l'engin motorisé.
To this end, the present invention provides a device comprising:
  • a tractor-type motorized vehicle with a chassis, an engine and elements intended to come into contact with a ground, such as wheels or caterpillars,
  • a first hopper adapted to contain a backfill material disposed on one side of the motorized vehicle and having an opening in the low position, and
  • conveying means adapted to convey a backfill material located in the first hopper on the opposite side of the motorized vehicle.

Selon la présente invention, ce dispositif comporte en outre pour le remblayage mécanique de tranchées :

  • des moyens de guidage disposés en aval des moyens de convoyage aptes à faire converger du matériau de remplissage tombant des moyens de convoyage vers une zone de convergence au niveau du sol.
According to the present invention, this device also comprises, for the mechanical backfilling of trenches:
  • guide means arranged downstream of the conveying means able to converge the filling material falling from the conveying means towards a convergence zone at ground level.

Ce dispositif est de manière tout à fait originale basé sur une structure déjà connue d'un finisseur. Il est adapté ici au remblayage mécanique de tranchées. Ce dispositif permet un remblayage continu et non pas discontinu comme réalisé habituellement avec une pelle mécanique. Le gain de temps obtenu est très sensible. L'ergonomie pour l'opérateur est aussi grandement améliorée.This device is completely original based on a structure already known to a paver. It is suitable here for mechanical backfilling of trenches. This device allows continuous and not discontinuous backfilling as usually done with a mechanical shovel. The time saved is very noticeable. The ergonomics for the operator is also greatly improved.

Les moyens de convoyage permettent de préférence de convoyer du matériau de remblayage depuis l'arrière de l'engin vers l'avant de celui-ci. La direction avant arrière est donnée par les éléments (roues, chenilles ou autres) venant au contact du sol, la première trémie se trouvant à l'arrière de l'engin. On peut avoir une première trémie au moins partiellement en porte à faux arrière par rapport aux éléments (roues, chenilles ou autres) venant au contact du sol. Les moyens de convoyage permettent alors d'amener du matériau de remblayage à l'avant de ces éléments venant au contact du sol.The conveying means preferably make it possible to convey backfill material from the rear of the machine towards the front thereof. The front rear direction is given by the elements (wheels, tracks or others) coming into contact with the ground, the first hopper being at the rear of the machine. It is possible to have a first hopper at least partially in rear overhang with respect to the elements (wheels, tracks or the like) coming into contact with the ground. The conveying means then make it possible to bring backfill material to the front of these elements coming into contact with the ground.

Les moyens de guidage sont prévus pour guider du matériau de remplissage tombant en aval des moyens de convoyage vers une tranchée. Le guidage peut se faire par exemple selon une direction essentiellement verticale ou selon une direction sensiblement horizontale. Dans le premier cas (guidage vertical), les moyens de guidage peuvent comporter une seconde trémie présentant une ouverture supérieure disposée sous une extrémité des moyens de convoyage et une ouverture inférieure débouchant vers le bas. Dans le second cas (guidage horizontal) les moyens de guidage peuvent comporter deux bras s'étendant selon une direction sensiblement horizontale et présentant des faces sensiblement verticales et formant un dièdre. Sur un même dispositif, on peut avoir à la fois une seconde trémie et des bras de guidage.The guide means are provided to guide the filling material falling downstream of the conveying means towards a trench. The guidance can be done for example in a substantially vertical direction or in a substantially horizontal direction. In the first case (vertical guiding), the guiding means may comprise a second hopper having an upper opening disposed under one end of the conveying means and a lower opening opening downwards. In the second case (horizontal guidance) the guide means may comprise two arms extending in a substantially horizontal direction and having substantially vertical faces and forming a dihedral. On the same device, one can have both a second hopper and guide arms.

Selon une variante de réalisation, il est prévu d'avoir des moyens de guidage comportant des bras montés mobiles transversalement indépendamment l'un de l'autre. Ainsi l'espacement entre les bras, qui définit la zone de convergence, peut être adapté en fonction de la largeur de la tranchée à remblayer.According to an alternative embodiment, provision is made for guiding means comprising arms mounted movable transversely independently of one another. Thus the spacing between the arms, which defines the convergence zone, can be adapted as a function of the width of the trench to be backfilled.

Pour pouvoir s'adapter à de nombreuses situations, le dispositif ci-dessus peut aussi comporter en outre des moyens permettant de faire varier la position en hauteur des moyens de guidage.In order to be able to adapt to many situations, the above device can also further include means making it possible to vary the height position of the guide means.

Dans la plupart des cas, les tranchées sont réalisées sous une chaussée et le dispositif peut venir remplir la tranchée en la chevauchant. Dans certains cas de figure toutefois, la tranchée peut être par exemple réalisée en accotement. Il est alors avantageux de pouvoir disposer les moyens de guidage en porte à faux par rapport à l'engin motorisé pour que le dispositif puisse venir remplir la tranchée depuis le côté. Pour un tel cas, il est prévu par exemple que le dispositif décrit ci-dessus comporte en outre des moyens permettant de déplacer les moyens de guidage latéralement par rapport au sens de déplacement de l'engin motorisé. Pour s'adapter alors à ce déplacement latéral des moyens de guidage, les moyens de convoyage du dispositif peuvent alors comporter avantageusement des moyens permettant de réaliser un convoyage latéral par rapport au sens de déplacement de l'engin motorisé.In most cases, the trenches are made under a roadway and the device can fill the trench by overlapping it. In certain cases, however, the trench can for example be carried out on the shoulder. It is then advantageous to be able to arrange the guide means in cantilever with respect to the motorized vehicle so that the device can come to fill the trench from the side. For such a case, it is provided for example that the device described above further comprises means making it possible to move the guide means laterally with respect to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle. To then adapt to this lateral movement of the guide means, the conveying means of the device can then advantageously include means making it possible to carry out lateral conveying relative to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de convoyage comportent par exemple une première portion de convoyage montée sur rouleaux s'étendant entre les éléments destinés à venir en contact avec un sol et définissant un premier plan de convoyage et au moins une seconde portion de convoyage montée sur rouleaux prolongeant la première portion de convoyage définissant le premier plan de convoyage, la seconde portion de convoyage définissant un second plan de convoyage incliné vers le haut par rapport au premier plan de convoyage. Le déplacement du matériau de remblayage transporté par les moyens de convoyage selon le premier plan de convoyage permet de faire passer le matériau de remblayage d'un côté à l'autre de l'engin motorisé tandis que le déplacement par les moyens de convoyage selon le second plan de convoyage permet de « remonter » le matériau de remblayage pour l'amener au-dessus des moyens de guidage. La première portion de convoyage et la seconde portion de convoyage peuvent être formées par exemple par un tapis roulant.According to one embodiment of the invention, the conveying means comprise for example a first conveying portion mounted on rollers extending between the elements intended to come into contact with a ground and defining a first conveying plane and at least one second conveying portion mounted on rollers extending the first conveying portion defining the first conveying plane, the second conveying portion defining a second conveying plane inclined upwards by compared to the first conveying plane. The displacement of the backfill material transported by the conveyor means according to the first conveyor plane makes it possible to pass the backfill material from one side to the other of the motorized vehicle while the displacement by the conveyor means according to the second conveying plane makes it possible to “lift” the backfill material in order to bring it above the guide means. The first conveying portion and the second conveying portion can be formed for example by a conveyor belt.

La présente invention propose aussi un procédé de remblayage mécanique d'une tranchée comportant les étapes suivantes :

  • fourniture d'un engin motorisé comportant une première trémie d'un côté de l'engin motorisé, des moyens de convoyage permettant d'apporter du matériau de remblayage de la première trémie vers un côté opposé de l'engin motorisé,
  • accouplement à l'engin motorisé d'un véhicule contenant un matériau de remplissage,
  • déversement de matériau de remplissage dans la première trémie,
  • convoyage du matériau de remplissage de la première trémie vers le côté opposé de l'engin motorisé,
  • déplacement d'une extrémité aval des moyens de convoyage sensiblement au-dessus d'une tranchée à remblayer et guidage du matériau de remplissage tombant des moyens de convoyage vers la tranchée.
The present invention also provides a method of mechanically backfilling a trench comprising the following steps:
  • supply of a motorized vehicle comprising a first hopper on one side of the motorized vehicle, conveying means making it possible to bring backfilling material from the first hopper to an opposite side of the motorized vehicle,
  • coupling to the motorized vehicle of a vehicle containing a filling material,
  • pouring of filling material into the first hopper,
  • conveying the filling material from the first hopper to the opposite side of the motorized vehicle,
  • displacement of a downstream end of the conveying means substantially above a trench to be backfilled and guidance of the filling material falling from the conveying means towards the trench.

Un tel procédé est particulièrement adapté pour être mis en oeuvre avec un dispositif tel que décrit plus haut.Such a method is particularly suitable for being implemented with a device as described above.

Selon une variante de mise en oeuvre préférée de ce procédé, l'engin motorisé se déplace de telle sorte qu'il se trouve devant le véhicule contenant le matériau de remplissage.According to a preferred variant of implementation of this method, the motorized vehicle moves so that it is in front of the vehicle containing the filling material.

Le dispositif décrit ci-dessus peut être utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre de tous les matériaux venant remplir une tranchée, depuis le lit de pose jusqu'au revêtement de voirie.The device described above can be used for the implementation of all the materials coming to fill a trench, from the laying bed to the road surface.

Des détails et avantages de la présente invention apparaitront mieux de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin schématique annexé sur lequel :

  • La figure 1 est une vue de face en perspective d'un dispositif de remblayage selon une première forme de réalisation,
  • La figure 2 est une autre vue en perspective d'une variante de réalisation dans une première position,
  • La figure 3 montre en perspective sous un angle différent la variante de la figure 2 dans une autre position,
  • La figure 4 est une vue de côté de la variante des figures 2 et 3,
  • La figure 5 est une vue de face en perspective correspondant à la figure 1 pour une deuxième forme de réalisation,
  • La figure 6 est une vue similaire à la vue de la figure 2 pour une variante de réalisation de cette deuxième forme de réalisation,
  • La figure 7 est une vue similaire à la vue de la figure 3 pour la variante de réalisation de la figure 6 dans une autre position,
  • La figure 8 est une vue de côté correspondant à la variante de réalisation de la deuxième forme de réalisation des figures 6 et 7, et
  • La figure 9 montre en perspective une troisième forme de réalisation d'un dispositif de remblayage.
Details and advantages of the present invention will appear better from the following description, given with reference to the appended schematic drawing in which:
  • The figure 1 is a front perspective view of a backfill device according to a first embodiment,
  • The figure 2 is another perspective view of an alternative embodiment in a first position,
  • The figure 3 shows in perspective from a different angle the variant of the figure 2 in another position,
  • The figure 4 is a side view of the variant of figures 2 and 3 ,
  • The figure 5 is a perspective front view corresponding to the figure 1 for a second embodiment,
  • The figure 6 is a view similar to the view of the figure 2 for an alternative embodiment of this second embodiment,
  • The figure 7 is a view similar to the view of the figure 3 for the variant of the figure 6 in another position,
  • The figure 8 is a side view corresponding to the alternative embodiment of the second embodiment of the figures 6 and 7 , and
  • The figure 9 shows in perspective a third embodiment of a backfill device.

Le dispositif illustré sur les figures est de préférence réalisé à partir d'un finisseur, c'est-à-dire un engin de travaux public destiné à déposer uniformément sur une chaussée un revêtement, notamment un enrobé bitumineux.The device illustrated in the figures is preferably made from a paver, that is to say a public works machine intended to deposit uniformly on a pavement a coating, in particular a bituminous mix.

Comme le sait l'homme du métier, un tel finisseur comporte un dispositif pour étaler un matériau de revêtement, appelé ci-après goudron, sur une chaussée. Ce dispositif, appelé aussi table de réglage, présente une forme allongée, est disposé transversalement par rapport à la chaussée et reçoit du goudron qui est réparti sur la table de réglage à l'aide par exemple d'un système de vis sans fin.As a person skilled in the art knows, such a paver includes a device for spreading a coating material, hereinafter called tar, on a roadway. This device, also called an adjustment table, has an elongated shape, is arranged transversely with respect to the roadway and receives tar which is distributed over the adjustment table using for example a worm screw system.

La table de réglage est portée par un engin motorisé à roues ou à chenilles. Cet engin motorisé présente une plateforme de commande sur laquelle vient prendre place un opérateur. Dans le sens de la marche « normal », c'est-à-dire lors de la pose d'un revêtement, la table de réglage se trouve à l'arrière de l'engin (pour éviter que ce dernier roule sur le revêtement qui vient d'être posé et qui n'est pas encore sec).The adjustment table is carried by a motorized wheeled or tracked machine. This motorized vehicle has a control platform on which an operator takes place. In the "normal" direction of travel, that is to say when laying a covering, the adjustment table is at the rear of the machine (to prevent it from rolling on the covering which has just been laid and which is not yet dry).

L'alimentation de la table de réglage en goudron se fait à partir d'une « réserve » de goudron disposée dans une trémie disposée à l'avant de l'engin. On appelle trémie un conteneur avec une ouverture en partie basse avec des parois inclinées vers ladite ouverture et qui permet, comme un entonnoir, de stocker et déverser petit à petit (en fonction de la taille de l'ouverture en partie basse) une matière visqueuse et/ou granuleuse. Le goudron est conduit de la trémie à la table de réglage par un convoyeur à barrettes, qui s'étend depuis une position extrême sous l'ouverture de la trémie jusqu'à la table de réglage. Le convoyeur est disposé le plus souvent sous la plateforme de commande, entre les roues ou chenilles de l'engin motorisé.The tar table is supplied with tar from a "reserve" of tar placed in a hopper located at the front of the machine. We call hopper a container with an opening in the lower part with walls inclined towards said opening and which allows, like a funnel, to store and pour little by little (depending on the size of the opening in the lower part) a viscous material and / or grainy. The tar is led from the hopper to the adjustment table by a bar conveyor, which extends from an extreme position under the opening of the hopper to the adjustment table. The conveyor is most often arranged under the control platform, between the wheels or tracks of the motorized vehicle.

Pour déposer un enrobé sur une chaussée, on vient alors placer à l'avant du finisseur (dans le sens d'avancement) un camion benne, dont la benne basculante est remplie de goudron. La benne vient alors déverser petit à petit du goudron dans la trémie du finisseur. Ce goudron est convoyé vers la table de réglage qui vient le déposer sur la chaussée. Le rythme d'avancement est donné par le finisseur qui pousse le camion qui l'alimente en goudron. Quand la benne du camion est vide, un autre camion similaire vient le remplacer.To deposit an asphalt on a roadway, a dump truck is placed at the front of the paver (in the direction of travel), the tipper of which is filled with tar. The bucket then gradually pours tar into the hopper of the paver. This tar is conveyed to the adjustment table which deposits it on the road. The rate of advance is given by the paver who pushes the truck which supplies it with tar. When the body of the truck is empty, another similar truck comes to replace it.

Le dispositif proposé ici reprend la structure d'un finisseur, sauf de sa partie arrière avec la table de réglage et les moyens de convoyage destinés à du goudron sont adaptés. Toute la partie arrière de la machine est remplacée par l'une ou l'autre des structures illustrées sur le dessin et décrites dans le détail ci-après.The device proposed here takes up the structure of a finisher, except for its rear part with the adjustment table and the conveying means intended for tar are adapted. The entire rear part of the machine is replaced by one or other of the structures illustrated in the drawing and described in detail below.

La figure 4 montre dans son ensemble un dispositif de remblayage mécanique. L'homme du métier qui connait les finisseurs reconnait ici un engin motorisé 2 surplombé par une plateforme de commande 4. Dans la forme de réalisation non limitative illustrée ici, l'engin motorisé 2 comporte un châssis 6 qui vient au contact avec un sol par l'intermédiaire de chenilles 8 et qui porte une première trémie 10 disposée ici à l'arrière de l'engin motorisé 2. Il semble inutile de décrire plus en détails ce finisseur qui est bien connu de l'homme du métier.The figure 4 shows as a whole a mechanical backfill device. A person skilled in the art who knows the finishers here recognizes a motorized vehicle 2 overhung by a control platform 4. In the non-limiting embodiment illustrated here, the motorized vehicle 2 comprises a chassis 6 which comes into contact with a ground by the intermediary of tracks 8 and which carries a first hopper 10 arranged here at the rear of the motorized vehicle 2. It seems unnecessary to describe in more detail this paver which is well known to those skilled in the art.

On considérera ici que l'engin motorisé 2 se déplace sur un sol horizontal. Par rapport au finisseur à partir duquel il est réalisé, le dispositif de remblayage mécanique est destiné en opération à se déplacer en sens inverse. La première trémie 10 est donc considérée maintenant et par la suite dans la présente description comme étant à l'arrière du dispositif de remblayage mécanique (alors qu'elle était à l'avant du finisseur). Le sens de déplacement de l'engin motorisé définit naturellement une direction longitudinale, une direction transversale, un avant et un arrière du véhicule. De manière naturelle, une orientation haut/bas est aussi définie, la plateforme étant en position haute et les chenilles en position basse. Ces orientations qui apparaissent assez intuitives seront utilisées dans la suite de la présente description pour faciliter la compréhension de celle-ci.We will consider here that the motorized vehicle 2 moves on a horizontal ground. Compared to the paver from which it is made, the mechanical backfilling is intended in operation to move in the opposite direction. The first hopper 10 is therefore considered now and subsequently in the present description as being at the rear of the mechanical backfilling device (while it was at the front of the paver). The direction of movement of the motorized vehicle naturally defines a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction, a front and a rear of the vehicle. Naturally, an up / down orientation is also defined, the platform being in the high position and the tracks in the low position. These directions, which appear to be fairly intuitive, will be used in the remainder of this description to facilitate understanding thereof.

La figure 1 illustre l'avant du dispositif de remblayage mécanique selon une première forme de réalisation. Cette partie avant comporte essentiellement une seconde trémie 12 alimentée par un convoyeur 14.The figure 1 illustrates the front of the mechanical backfill device according to a first embodiment. This front part essentially comprises a second hopper 12 fed by a conveyor 14.

La seconde trémie 12 est formée par quatre tôles soudées entre elles. Une première tôle 16 est disposée verticalement en position transversale. Elle est utilisée pour la liaison de la seconde trémie 12 avec le dispositif de remblayage mécanique. Deux tôles latérales 18 sont rattachées à la première mais sont inclinées par rapport à la verticale et une quatrième tôle 20 transversale est elle-aussi inclinée par rapport à la verticale. Chacune de ces quatre tôles présente une arête inférieure et les quatre arêtes forment ici les bords d'une ouverture inférieure 22. Les tôles inclinées sont inclinées de telle sorte que les bords supérieurs de ces quatre tôles forment une ouverture bien plus grande que l'ouverture inférieure 22. On réalise ainsi un double dièdre qui guide et fait converger du matériau tombant par le haut dans la seconde trémie 12 vers l'ouverture inférieure 22. Les bords supérieurs des tôles latérales 18 et de la quatrième tôle 20 sont renforcés chacun par un tube de renfort 24. On a ainsi trois tubes de renfort 24 disposés en U dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. Les extrémités libres du U sont fixées (soudées) à la première tôle 16 de la seconde trémie 12. On réalise ainsi une structure renforcée de trémie.The second hopper 12 is formed by four sheets welded together. A first sheet 16 is arranged vertically in the transverse position. It is used for the connection of the second hopper 12 with the mechanical backfilling device. Two side plates 18 are attached to the first but are inclined relative to the vertical and a fourth transverse plate 20 is also inclined relative to the vertical. Each of these four sheets has a lower edge and the four edges here form the edges of a lower opening 22. The inclined sheets are inclined so that the upper edges of these four sheets form an opening much larger than the opening lower 22. This produces a double dihedral which guides and converges material falling from the top into the second hopper 12 towards the lower opening 22. The upper edges of the side plates 18 and of the fourth plate 20 are each reinforced by a reinforcement tube 24. There are thus three reinforcement tubes 24 arranged in a U in a substantially horizontal plane. The free ends of the U are fixed (welded) to the first sheet 16 of the second hopper 12. This produces a reinforced hopper structure.

La première tôle 16 de la seconde trémie 12 est montée sur un longeron 26 transversal. Ce dernier est fixé sur l'engin motorisé par l'intermédiaire de bras latéraux 28 : il s'agit ici des bras qui sont utilisés dans le finisseur à partir duquel le présent dispositif est construit pour recevoir une table de réglage. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures, ces bras latéraux 28 sont fixés à chaque fois par deux vérins 30 au châssis 6 de l'engin motorisé 2. De la sorte, ces bras peuvent être translatés vers le haut et/ou le bas avec ou sans combinaison de ce mouvement de translation avec un mouvement de rotation. On peut ainsi réaliser un positionnement précis de la seconde trémie 12. Chaque extrémité de bras latéral 28 reçoit ici une platine 32 qui est reliée par un tube de liaison 34 à une extrémité du longeron 26 transversal, ou à proximité d'une telle extrémité.The first sheet 16 of the second hopper 12 is mounted on a transverse beam 26. The latter is fixed to the motorized vehicle by means of lateral arms 28: these are arms which are used in the finisher from which the present device is constructed to receive a adjustment table. As can be seen in the figures, these lateral arms 28 are fixed each time by two jacks 30 to the chassis 6 of the motorized vehicle 2. In this way, these arms can be translated upwards and / or downwards with or without combining this translational movement with a rotational movement. One can thus achieve a precise positioning of the second hopper 12. Each end of the lateral arm 28 here receives a plate 32 which is connected by a connecting tube 34 to one end of the transverse beam 26, or near such an end.

Dans la forme de réalisation illustrée, la seconde trémie 12 est montée mobile par rapport au longeron 26 transversal. Il s'agit ici d'une variante de réalisation. La seconde trémie 12 pourrait être fixe sur ce longeron 26 (ou sur toute autre structure permettant de relier la seconde trémie au châssis 6, de préférence aux bras latéraux 28 servant à l'origine à porter une table de réglage). Dans cette forme de réalisation de trémie mobile, le longeron 26 transversal forme un rail de guidage le long duquel la seconde trémie 12 peut se translater.In the illustrated embodiment, the second hopper 12 is mounted movable relative to the transverse beam 26. This is an alternative embodiment. The second hopper 12 could be fixed on this beam 26 (or on any other structure making it possible to connect the second hopper to the chassis 6, preferably to the lateral arms 28 originally used to carry an adjustment table). In this embodiment of the movable hopper, the transverse beam 26 forms a guide rail along which the second hopper 12 can translate.

Le convoyeur 14 est destiné à amener du matériau de remblayage (ou autre) depuis la première trémie 10 jusqu'à l'avant de l'engin motorisé 2. Il passe sous l'engin motorisé 2, notamment sous le moteur de l'engin et sous sa plateforme de commande 4, et permet ainsi de faire passer, longitudinalement, du matériau de l'arrière de l'engin motorisé 2 vers l'avant de celui-ci. Ce convoyeur 14 présente une première portion qui s'étend sensiblement à l'horizontale entre les chenilles 8. Cette première portion se trouve directement au-dessus de la chaussée et éventuellement de la tranchée qui vient d'être remplie, en fonction de la position de cette tranchée par rapport à l'engin motorisé 2. Ce même convoyeur 14 présente en aval de cette première portion une seconde portion de convoyage qui est inclinée vers le haut. La première portion du convoyeur correspond sensiblement au convoyeur du finisseur qui servait au transport du matériau de revêtement depuis la première trémie 10 jusqu'à la table de réglage. Ce convoyeur « d'origine » est prolongé avec la seconde portion de convoyage qui est de préférence adaptée à l'application au remplissage de tranchées. En outre, alors que sur un finisseur le convoyeur utilisé est le plus souvent un convoyeur à barrettes, il est choisi ici d'avoir un tapis roulant, plus adapté à du matériau de remplissage. Le convoyeur 14 présente ainsi une première extrémité en dessous de la première trémie 10. Il collecte alors le matériau qui tombe par gravité hors de cette première trémie 10. Ensuite, dans le cas de figure illustré sur la figure 1, le convoyeur 14 conduit le matériau de l'arrière de l'engin motorisé 2 longitudinalement jusqu'à l'avant de l'engin motorisé 2 sensiblement horizontalement (première portion de convoyage) et vient l'amener (seconde portion de convoyage) jusqu'au-dessus de la seconde trémie 12. Il tombe alors par gravité dans celle-ci et converge alors vers l'ouverture inférieure 22 en étant guidé par la seconde trémie 12.The conveyor 14 is intended to bring backfilling material (or other) from the first hopper 10 to the front of the motorized vehicle 2. It passes under the motorized vehicle 2, in particular under the engine of the vehicle and under its control platform 4, and thus makes it possible to pass, longitudinally, material from the rear of the motorized vehicle 2 towards the front thereof. This conveyor 14 has a first portion which extends substantially horizontally between the tracks 8. This first portion is located directly above the roadway and possibly the trench which has just been filled, depending on the position of this trench relative to the motorized vehicle 2. This same conveyor 14 has downstream of this first portion a second conveying portion which is inclined upwards. The first portion of the conveyor corresponds substantially to the finisher conveyor which was used to transport the coating material from the first hopper 10 to the adjustment table. This "original" conveyor is extended with the second conveying portion which is preferably adapted to the application for filling trenches. In addition, while on a finisher the conveyor used is most often a bar conveyor, it is here chosen to have a treadmill, more suitable for filling material. The conveyor 14 thus has a first end below the first hopper 10. It then collects the material which falls by gravity out of this first hopper 10. Then, in the case of the figure illustrated on the figure 1 , the conveyor 14 leads the material from the rear of the motorized vehicle 2 longitudinally to the front of the motorized vehicle 2 substantially horizontally (first conveying portion) and comes to bring it (second conveying portion) to 'above the second hopper 12. It then falls by gravity into the latter and then converges towards the lower opening 22 while being guided by the second hopper 12.

On remarque que le dispositif de remblayage mécanique ne comporte pas d'élément venant prendre place sous l'ouverture inférieure 22 de la seconde trémie. Les figures illustrent un raidisseur 38 disposé transversalement dans l'ouverture inférieure 22 pour empêcher aux deux bords inférieurs des tôles latérales 18 de la seconde trémie 12 de s'écarter et alors de modifier la largeur (mesurée transversalement) de l'ouverture inférieure de la seconde trémie 12. En effet, cette largeur correspond à la largeur d'une tranchée à remblayer et il convient donc d'éviter que sous la pression du matériau passant à travers la seconde trémie 12. Mis à part ce raidisseur 38, ou toute autre structure de renfort à la place de ce raidisseur ou complémentaire, il est prévu que le matériau se trouvant dans la seconde trémie s'écoule librement. Il n'y a pas comme pour la première trémie 10 de convoyeur ou autre élément du dispositif de remblayage mécanique venant influencer l'écoulement du matériau passant par la seconde trémie 12.It is noted that the mechanical backfilling device does not include any element coming to take place under the lower opening 22 of the second hopper. The figures illustrate a stiffener 38 disposed transversely in the lower opening 22 to prevent the two lower edges of the side plates 18 of the second hopper 12 from moving apart and then to modify the width (measured transversely) of the lower opening of the second hopper 12. Indeed, this width corresponds to the width of a trench to be backfilled and it is therefore necessary to avoid that under the pressure of the material passing through the second hopper 12. Apart from this stiffener 38, or any other reinforcement structure in place of this stiffener or complementary, it is expected that the material in the second hopper flows freely. As in the case of the first hopper 10, there is no conveyor or other element of the mechanical backfill device influencing the flow of material passing through the second hopper 12.

Le convoyeur 14 se trouve alors en position médiane par rapport au dispositif de remblayage mécanique. La seconde trémie 12, elle-aussi, se trouve alors de préférence aussi en position médiane.The conveyor 14 is then in the middle position relative to the mechanical backfilling device. The second hopper 12, too, is then preferably also in the middle position.

Pour certains cas de figure, il peut être avantageux de ne pas faire un remblayage d'une tranchée passant sous le dispositif de remblayage mais à côté de celui-ci. Il s'agit par exemple d'un cas de figure où la tranchée à remblayer se trouve à côté d'une chaussée. Dans un tel cas, les figures 2 et 3 montrent une variante de réalisation avantageuse.For certain cases, it may be advantageous not to backfill a trench passing under the backfill device but next to it. This is for example a case where the trench to be backfilled is located next to a roadway. In such a case, the figures 2 and 3 show an advantageous alternative embodiment.

Il est proposé ici de placer un convoyeur intermédiaire 40 entre le convoyeur 14 et la seconde trémie 12. Ce convoyeur intermédiaire 40 est destiné à recevoir le matériau transporté par le convoyeur 14 pour l'amener jusqu'à la seconde trémie 12. Alors que le convoyeur 14 déplace le matériau selon une direction longitudinale, le convoyeur intermédiaire 40 déplace le matériau qu'il reçoit selon une direction transversale.It is proposed here to place an intermediate conveyor 40 between the conveyor 14 and the second hopper 12. This intermediate conveyor 40 is intended to receive the material transported by the conveyor 14 to bring it to the second hopper 12. While the conveyor 14 moves the material in a longitudinal direction, the conveyor intermediate 40 moves the material it receives in a transverse direction.

Le convoyeur intermédiaire 40 est composé d'un tapis roulant guidé et entrainé de manière classique par des rouleaux. Il présente une première extrémité amont disposée en-dessous de l'extrémité aval du convoyeur 14 de telle sorte que le matériau convoyé par le convoyeur 14 tombe par gravité sur le convoyeur intermédiaire 40. Ce matériau est alors emporté jusqu'à une extrémité aval du convoyeur intermédiaire 40 disposée au-dessus de la seconde trémie 12, de telle sorte que le matériau transporté par ce convoyeur intermédiaire 40 tombe par gravité dans la seconde trémie 12.The intermediate conveyor 40 is composed of a conveyor belt guided and conventionally driven by rollers. It has a first upstream end disposed below the downstream end of the conveyor 14 so that the material conveyed by the conveyor 14 falls by gravity onto the intermediate conveyor 40. This material is then carried to a downstream end of the intermediate conveyor 40 disposed above the second hopper 12, so that the material transported by this intermediate conveyor 40 falls by gravity into the second hopper 12.

On remarque sur les figures 2 et 3 que la seconde trémie 12 n'est plus disposée en position médiane par rapport au dispositif de remblayage mécanique mais vient en porte à faux latéral. Comme déjà expliqué plus haut, la seconde trémie 12 est mobile en translation latérale par rapport au longeron 26 qui lui sert de rail de guidage.We notice on the figures 2 and 3 that the second hopper 12 is no longer disposed in the middle position relative to the mechanical backfilling device but comes in lateral overhang. As already explained above, the second hopper 12 is movable in lateral translation relative to the spar 26 which serves as its guide rail.

Le convoyeur intermédiaire 40 doit s'adapter à la position de la seconde trémie 12. À cet effet (figure 4), il est monté sur un tube 42 s'étendant transversalement sous un rouleau aval 44 du convoyeur 14, c'est-à-dire en dessous du rouleau le plus haut du convoyeur 14. Le tube 42 est par exemple monté sur des bras longitudinaux 46 qui supportent le rouleau aval 44. La figure 4 montre une patte de fixation 48 (l'autre patte de fixation étant cachée par celle-ci) qui s'étend verticalement depuis un bras longitudinal 46 vers le bas. Le tube 42 est monté de manière coulissante par rapport à ces pattes de fixation 48. La position de la seconde trémie 12 de la figure 2 étant symétrique de la position de la seconde trémie 12 sur la figure 3 par rapport à un plan médian du dispositif de remblayage mécanique, et le convoyeur 14 étant en position médiane par rapport au dispositif de remblayage mécanique, il suffit de faire coulisser le tube 42 d'un côté ou de l'autre par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (avec le convoyeur intermédiaire 40) pour que le convoyeur intermédiaire 40 passe de sa position illustrée sur la figure 2 à celle illustrée sur la figure 3 (ou inversement). Le sens de convoyage du convoyeur intermédiaire 40 est alors modifié en changeant le sens de rotation d'un moteur d'entrainement de ce convoyeur.The intermediate conveyor 40 must adapt to the position of the second hopper 12. To this end ( figure 4 ), it is mounted on a tube 42 extending transversely under a downstream roller 44 of the conveyor 14, that is to say below the highest roller of the conveyor 14. The tube 42 is for example mounted on arms longitudinal 46 which support the downstream roller 44. The figure 4 shows a fixing lug 48 (the other fixing lug being hidden by the latter) which extends vertically from a longitudinal arm 46 downwards. The tube 42 is slidably mounted relative to these fixing lugs 48. The position of the second hopper 12 of the figure 2 being symmetrical with the position of the second hopper 12 on the figure 3 relative to a median plane of the mechanical backfill device, and the conveyor 14 being in the middle position relative to the mechanical backfill device, it suffices to slide the tube 42 on one side or the other relative to the longitudinal axis (with the intermediate conveyor 40) so that the intermediate conveyor 40 passes from its position illustrated on the figure 2 to that illustrated on the figure 3 (or Conversely). The conveying direction of the intermediate conveyor 40 is then modified by changing the direction of rotation of a drive motor of this conveyor.

Les figures 5 à 8 montrent une deuxième forme de réalisation dans laquelle la seconde trémie de la première forme de réalisation est remplacée par des bras formant un dièdre apte à venir guider le matériau de remplissage tombant du convoyeur 14 vers une tranchée.The Figures 5 to 8 show a second embodiment in which the second hopper of the first embodiment is replaced by arms forming a dihedral capable of coming to guide the filling material falling from the conveyor 14 towards a trench.

Alors que dans la première forme de réalisation la seconde trémie 12 vient guider le matériau de remplissage pendant qu'il tombe du convoyeur (convoyeur 14 ou convoyeur intermédiaire 40) pour le faire converger dans la tranchée, il est proposé ici de laisser tomber le matériau de remplissage et de le guider ensuite vers la tranchée lors du déplacement du dispositif de remblayage mécanique. On réalise ainsi un guidage « horizontal » du matériau de remplissage alors que dans la première forme de réalisation ce guidage était « vertical ».While in the first embodiment the second hopper 12 guides the filling material as it falls from the conveyor (conveyor 14 or intermediate conveyor 40) to make it converge in the trench, it is proposed here to drop the material filling and then guide it to the trench when moving the mechanical backfill. A “horizontal” guidance of the filling material is thus produced while in the first embodiment this guidance was “vertical”.

Les figures 5 à 8 illustrent ainsi, à la place de la seconde trémie 12 de la figure 1, des moyens de guidage pour le matériau de remplissage aptes à venir racler le sol de part et d'autre de la tranchée. Ce dispositif de guidage présent ici une forme de U. Il comporte dans la forme de réalisation illustrée une base 50 et deux bras 52 qui vont en s'évasant à partir de la base 50 (ou bien qui convergent vers ladite base). La base 50 et les deux bras sont par exemple réalisés à partir d'une tôle découpée et pliée (ou soudée). En opération, les bras 52 et la base 50 sont disposés sensiblement verticalement. Ils présentent chacune une arête inférieure disposée de telle sorte que les trois arêtes inférieures se trouvent dans un même plan, qui est sensiblement horizontal. Ce plan peut être disposé au niveau du sol, ou bien être légèrement décalé par rapport au sol.The Figures 5 to 8 thus illustrate, in place of the second hopper 12 of the figure 1 , guide means for the filling material capable of scraping the ground on either side of the trench. This guide device present here in the form of a U. In the illustrated embodiment, it comprises a base 50 and two arms 52 which widen out from the base 50 (or which converge towards said base). The base 50 and the two arms are for example made from a cut and folded (or welded) sheet. In operation, the arms 52 and the base 50 are arranged substantially vertically. They each have a lower edge arranged so that the three lower edges are in the same plane, which is substantially horizontal. This plane may be arranged at ground level, or may be slightly offset from the ground.

Ce dispositif de guidage horizontal est monté sur le dispositif de remblayage mécanique de la même manière que l'est la seconde trémie 12 dans la première forme de réalisation. La base 50 est montée sur le longeron 26 transversal. Ce dernier est fixé sur l'engin motorisé par l'intermédiaire des bras latéraux 28 comme décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 4. Chaque extrémité de bras latéral 28 reçoit ici une platine 32 qui est reliée par un tube de liaison 34 à une extrémité du longeron 26 transversal, ou à proximité d'une telle extrémité. On peut ainsi réaliser un positionnement précis des moyens de guidage horizontaux.This horizontal guide device is mounted on the mechanical backfill device in the same manner as is the second hopper 12 in the first embodiment. The base 50 is mounted on the transverse beam 26. The latter is fixed to the motorized vehicle by means of the lateral arms 28 as described with reference to figures 1 to 4 . Each end of the lateral arm 28 here receives a plate 32 which is connected by a tube 34 at one end of the transverse beam 26, or near such an end. It is thus possible to achieve precise positioning of the horizontal guide means.

Sur la figure 5, les bras 52 et la base 50 sont disposés de telle sorte que le matériau transporté par le convoyeur 14 tombe entre les bras 52 lorsqu'il arrive à l'extrémité aval du convoyeur 14. En considérant le sens de déplacement du dispositif de remblayage mécanique en cours de remblayage, la base 50 est placée en arrière des bras 52 de telle sorte que le matériau qui tombe entre les bras 52 soit ensuite poussé par la base 50 dans la tranchée.On the figure 5 , the arms 52 and the base 50 are arranged so that the material transported by the conveyor 14 falls between the arms 52 when it arrives at the downstream end of the conveyor 14. Considering the direction of movement of the mechanical backfill device during backfilling, the base 50 is placed behind the arms 52 so that the material which falls between the arms 52 is then pushed by the base 50 into the trench.

Comme pour la première forme de réalisation des figures 1 à 4, la forme de réalisation illustrée sur les figures 5 à 8 prévoit que les moyens de guidage du matériau de remplissage vers la tranchée, ici les bras 52 (la seconde trémie 12 pour les figures 1 à 4) est montée mobile par rapport au longeron 26 transversal. Il s'agit ici aussi d'une variante de réalisation. La base 50 et les bras 52 pourraient être fixes sur ce longeron 26 (ou sur toute autre structure permettant de les relier au châssis 6, de préférence aux bras latéraux 28 servant à l'origine à porter une table de réglage). Dans cette variante de réalisation de moyens de guidage mobiles, le longeron 26 transversal forme un rail de guidage le long duquel les bras 52 peuvent se translater.As for the first embodiment of the figures 1 to 4 , the embodiment illustrated on the Figures 5 to 8 provides that the means for guiding the filling material towards the trench, here the arms 52 (the second hopper 12 for the figures 1 to 4 ) is mounted movable relative to the transverse beam 26. This is also an alternative embodiment. The base 50 and the arms 52 could be fixed on this spar 26 (or on any other structure making it possible to connect them to the chassis 6, preferably to the lateral arms 28 originally used to carry an adjustment table). In this variant embodiment of movable guide means, the transverse beam 26 forms a guide rail along which the arms 52 can translate.

Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent deux positions extrêmes que peuvent prendre les bras 52 de guidage. On retrouve ici, comme sur les figures 2 et 3, la présence du convoyeur intermédiaire 40. Il semble inutile de reprendre ici la description de ce convoyeur intermédiaire 40 et la description des moyens permettant de déplacer les moyens de guidage.The figures 6 and 7 illustrate two extreme positions that the guide arms 52 can take. We find here, as on figures 2 and 3 , the presence of the intermediate conveyor 40. It seems unnecessary to repeat here the description of this intermediate conveyor 40 and the description of the means making it possible to move the guide means.

Alors que dans les formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus, les moyens de guidage (seconde trémie 12, bras 52) ont une dimension prédéterminée, il est proposé dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 9 d'avoir des moyens de guidage réglables.While in the embodiments described above, the guide means (second hopper 12, arm 52) have a predetermined dimension, it is proposed in the embodiment of the figure 9 to have adjustable guide means.

Dans la description de la forme de réalisation de la figure 9, on retrouve une structure similaire à celle décrite précédemment et les références déjà utilisées précédemment sont reprises pour désigner des objets similaires. On retrouve ainsi un engin motorisé 2 avec une première trémie 10 à l'arrière (par rapport au sens de déplacement de l'engin au cours d'une opération de remblayage) et un système de convoyage permettant de faire passer le matériau se trouvant dans la première trémie 10 sous une plateforme de commande 4 vers l'avant de l'engin. La figure 9 illustre un convoyeur intermédiaire 40 optionnel. Ce dernier est représenté à titre illustratif sur la figure 9 mais l'homme du métier remarque qu'il convient de le retirer pour réaliser un remblayage de tranchée avec les moyens de guidage (décrits ci-après) du matériau de remplissage dans la position illustrée.In the description of the embodiment of the figure 9 , we find a structure similar to that described above and the references already used previously are used to designate similar objects. We thus find a motorized vehicle 2 with a first hopper 10 at the rear (relative to the direction of movement of the vehicle during an operation of backfilling) and a conveyor system for passing the material in the first hopper 10 under a control platform 4 towards the front of the machine. The figure 9 illustrates an optional intermediate conveyor 40. The latter is shown by way of illustration on the figure 9 but a person skilled in the art notices that it is advisable to remove it in order to carry out backfilling of the trench with the guide means (described below) of the filling material in the position illustrated.

Dans cette troisième forme de réalisation, les moyens de guidage du matériau de remblayage comportent deux bras 62 montés symétriquement l'un l'autre par rapport à un plan vertical longitudinal. Chaque bras 62 comporte une plaque verticale 64 disposée dans un plan sensiblement vertical et longitudinal. Chaque plaque verticale 64 est sensiblement rectangulaire, un bord de chaque plaque étant destiné à venir reposer sur le sol au niveau d'un bord de la tranchée à remblayer. Ce bord forme ainsi le bord inférieur de la plaque verticale 64. Le bord opposé, ou bord supérieur, de la plaque verticale 64 porte une plaque inclinée 66 qui sert de guidage pour orienter du matériau tombant du convoyeur 14 ou du convoyeur intermédiaire 40 entre les deux plaques verticales 64. Les plaques inclinées 66 forment ainsi un bord évasé vers l'extérieur par rapport aux plaques verticales 64.In this third embodiment, the means for guiding the backfill material comprise two arms 62 mounted symmetrically to each other with respect to a longitudinal vertical plane. Each arm 62 comprises a vertical plate 64 arranged in a substantially vertical and longitudinal plane. Each vertical plate 64 is substantially rectangular, one edge of each plate being intended to come to rest on the ground at an edge of the trench to be backfilled. This edge thus forms the lower edge of the vertical plate 64. The opposite edge, or upper edge, of the vertical plate 64 carries an inclined plate 66 which serves as a guide for orienting material falling from the conveyor 14 or from the intermediate conveyor 40 between the two vertical plates 64. The inclined plates 66 thus form a flared edge towards the outside with respect to the vertical plates 64.

Chaque bras 62 est monté mobile selon une direction transversale (par rapport au sens de déplacement de l'engin motorisé 2) c'est-à-dire sensiblement perpendiculairement aux plaques verticales 64. À cet effet, un cadre avec deux rails 68 transversaux reliés entre eux est prévu. Les deux rails 68 sont montés à l'horizontale et sont disposés l'un au-dessus de l'autre verticalement. Les bras 62 sont montés coulissants entre ces deux rails 68. Un vérin 70 est prévu à chaque fois entre le cadre et un bras 62, ledit vérin 70 s'étendant parallèlement aux rails 68. La position latérale de chaque bras 62 peut ainsi être réglée indépendamment de la position de l'autre bras 62.Each arm 62 is mounted movable in a transverse direction (relative to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle 2), that is to say substantially perpendicular to the vertical plates 64. For this purpose, a frame with two transverse rails 68 connected between them is expected. The two rails 68 are mounted horizontally and are arranged one above the other vertically. The arms 62 are slidably mounted between these two rails 68. A jack 70 is provided each time between the frame and an arm 62, said jack 70 extending parallel to the rails 68. The lateral position of each arm 62 can thus be adjusted regardless of the position of the other arm 62.

L'homme du métier comprend que pour remplir des tranchées se trouvant entre les chenilles 8 de l'engin motorisé 2, il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir de convoyeur intermédiaire 40. La position des bras 62 est adaptée, d'une part, en fonction de la position du convoyeur 14 et, d'autre part, de la largeur de la tranchée à remblayer.A person skilled in the art understands that in order to fill trenches located between the tracks 8 of the motorized vehicle 2, it is not necessary to provide an intermediate conveyor 40. The position of the arms 62 is adapted, on the one hand, depending on the position of the conveyor 14 and, on the other hand, the width of the trench to be backfilled.

Pour le remplissage d'une tranchée se trouvant à côté d'une route, comme pour les deux formes de réalisation décrites précédemment, Les bras 62 peuvent venir se déplacer transversalement pour venir en porte à faux au-delà des chenilles 8 de l'engin motorisé. À cet effet, le cadre avec les rails 68 supportant les bras 62 est lui-même monté coulissant transversalement sur une structure 72 présentant par exemple au moins un rail de guidage (ou une rainure de guidage) transversal. Le cadre avec les bras 62 peut alors se déporter à gauche ou à droite par rapport à l'engin motorisé.For the filling of a trench located next to a road, as for the two embodiments described above, The arms 62 can come to move transversely to come overhang beyond the tracks 8 of the machine motorized. To this end, the frame with the rails 68 supporting the arms 62 is itself slidably mounted transversely on a structure 72 having for example at least one transverse guide rail (or a guide groove). The frame with the arms 62 can then be offset to the left or to the right relative to the motorized vehicle.

Un dispositif de remblayage mécanique décrit ci-dessus (dans les trois formes de réalisation présentées) peut être utilisé comme indiqué ci-après pour réaliser le remblayage d'une tranchée.A mechanical backfilling device described above (in the three embodiments presented) can be used as indicated below to carry out the backfilling of a trench.

Pour la première forme de réalisation, une seconde trémie 12 est choisie de telle sorte que les dimensions de l'ouverture inférieure 22 de cette trémie soient compatibles avec la largeur de la tranchée à remblayer. La largeur de l'ouverture inférieure 22 sera choisie de préférence juste légèrement inférieure à la largeur de la tranchée de manière, d'une part, de ne pas mettre du matériau de remplissage hors de la tranchée lors du remblayage et, d'autre part, permettre d'avoir un remblayage uniforme sur toute la largeur de la tranchée. La seconde trémie 12 est positionnée en position médiane (figure 1) ou en position latérale (figure 2 ou figure 3) selon la configuration du terrain. Le dispositif est alors prêt à être utilisé.For the first embodiment, a second hopper 12 is chosen so that the dimensions of the lower opening 22 of this hopper are compatible with the width of the trench to be backfilled. The width of the lower opening 22 will preferably be chosen just slightly less than the width of the trench so as, on the one hand, not to put filling material out of the trench during backfilling and, on the other hand , allow to have a uniform backfill over the entire width of the trench. The second hopper 12 is positioned in the middle position ( figure 1 ) or in the lateral position ( figure 2 or figure 3 ) depending on the terrain configuration. The device is then ready for use.

Pour la deuxième forme de réalisation, de manière similaire, la largeur de la base 50 correspond à la largeur de la tranchée à remblayer. Ici aussi, comme illustré sur les figures 5 à 7, plusieurs positions sont possibles pour les moyens de guide du matériau de remplissage en fin de convoyage.For the second embodiment, similarly, the width of the base 50 corresponds to the width of the trench to be backfilled. Here too, as illustrated on Figures 5 to 7 , several positions are possible for the guide means of the filling material at the end of conveying.

Pour la troisième forme de réalisation de la figure 9, les bras 62 sont positionnés par rapport au convoyeur 14 (ou au convoyeur intermédiaire 40) et par rapport aux bords de la tranchée à remplir.For the third embodiment of the figure 9 , the arms 62 are positioned relative to the conveyor 14 (or to the intermediate conveyor 40) and relative to the edges of the trench to be filled.

Pour remplir la première trémie 10, il est proposé de venir accoupler, du côté de cette première trémie 10, un camion benne à benne basculante de manière que sa benne puisse se déverser dans la première trémie 10. Le matériau versé dans la première trémie 10 tombe alors par gravité sur le convoyeur 14 pour l'emmener jusqu'à l'extrémité aval surélevée du convoyeur 14. Le matériau de remblayage tombe alors soit directement dans la seconde trémie 12 ou entre les bras 52 ou 62, soit par l'intermédiaire du convoyeur intermédiaire 40. L'ouverture inférieure 22 de cette seconde trémie 12 ou la base 50 se trouve juste au-dessus de la tranchée à remblayer. Dans la troisième forme de réalisation, les plaques 64 des bras 62 sont disposées au niveau des bords de la tranchée et prolongent ainsi localement les parois latérales de la tranchée.To fill the first hopper 10, it is proposed to couple, on the side of this first hopper 10, a dump truck with a dump body so that its bucket can pour into the first hopper 10. The material poured into the first hopper 10 then falls by gravity onto the conveyor 14 to take it to the elevated downstream end of the conveyor 14. The backfill material then falls either directly into the second hopper 12 or between the arms 52 or 62, or via the intermediate conveyor 40. The lower opening 22 of this second hopper 12 or the base 50 is just above the trench to be backfilled. In the third embodiment, the plates 64 of the arms 62 are arranged at the edges of the trench and thus locally extend the side walls of the trench.

L'engin motorisé 2 se déplace en adaptant sa vitesse au débit de matériau de remplissage transporté par le convoyeur 14. En variante, il est aussi possible de venir adapter la vitesse du convoyeur 14 pour réguler le débit de matériau de remplissage. Un capteur disposé à l'avant de l'engin motorisé peut venir comparer le niveau de remplissage par rapport au niveau du sol environnant afin de venir réguler le débit de matériau de remplissage en agissant sur la vitesse de convoyage au niveau du convoyeur 14.The motorized machine 2 moves by adapting its speed to the flow rate of filling material transported by the conveyor 14. As a variant, it is also possible to adapt the speed of the conveyor 14 to regulate the flow rate of filling material. A sensor placed at the front of the motorized vehicle can compare the filling level with the level of the surrounding soil in order to regulate the flow of filling material by acting on the conveying speed at the level of the conveyor 14.

De préférence, l'engin motorisé 2 vient tirer le camion benne qui l'alimente en matériau de remplissage. De cette manière, l'opérateur qui conduit l'engin et qui se trouve sur la plateforme de commande 4 voit la tranchée à remblayer et peut anticiper en cas de problème. On remarque qu'ainsi aussi, l'engin motorisé ne roule pas au-dessus (ou à côté) d'une tranchée non remblayée. Il n'y a pas de risque ici d'endommager la tranchée. Quand l'engin passe au-dessus ou à côté d'elle, elle est déjà remblayée et donc stable mécaniquement.Preferably, the motorized vehicle 2 pulls the dump truck which supplies it with filling material. In this way, the operator who drives the machine and who is on the control platform 4 sees the trench to be backfilled and can anticipate in the event of a problem. It is noted that thus also, the motorized machine does not roll over (or beside) a trench not backfilled. There is no risk here of damaging the trench. When the machine passes over or next to it, it is already backfilled and therefore mechanically stable.

Le dispositif de remblayage mécanique décrit ci-dessus peut aussi être utilisé pour venir déposer tout aussi bien un lit de pose, un enrobage de canalisation, une ou plusieurs couches de remblai et/ou une ou plusieurs couches de finition de voirie (grave ciment, grave bitume, enrobé). Le procédé reste le même quel que soit le besoin. Entre deux passages du dispositif de remblayage pour rajouter une couche de remblai ou de finition, il conviendra de prévoir une étape de compactage comme réalisé classiquement.The mechanical backfilling device described above can also be used to deposit just as well a laying bed, a pipe coating, one or more layers of backfill and / or one or more layers of road finishing (severe cement, asphalt, coated). The process remains the same whatever the need. Between two passages of the backfill device to add a layer of backfill or finish, it will be necessary to provide a compaction step as conventionally carried out.

Un dispositif tel que décrit ci-dessus permet de réduire sensiblement le temps de remblayage d'une tranchée. Chaque matériau de remblayage vient remplir uniformément la tranchée de manière automatique. On améliore ainsi considérablement la qualité du remblai.A device as described above makes it possible to significantly reduce the time to backfill a trench. Each backfill material automatically fills the trench automatically. This significantly improves the quality of the fill.

De manière fort avantageuse, la même machine peut être aussi utilisée tant pour le remblayage que pour la finition de voirie.Very advantageously, the same machine can also be used both for backfilling and for road finishing.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas aux formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus et aux variantes de réalisation évoquées mais elle concerne toutes les variantes de réalisation à la portée de l'homme du métier dans le cadre des revendications ci-après.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and to the variant embodiments mentioned, but it relates to all of the variant embodiments within the reach of those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims below.

Claims (13)

Dispositif pour le remblayage mécanique de tranchées ou similaires, comportant : - un engin motorisé (2) de type tracteur avec un châssis (6), un moteur et des éléments (8) destinés à venir en contact avec un sol, tels des roues ou des chenilles, - une première trémie (10) adaptée à contenir un matériau de remblayage disposée d'un côté de l'engin motorisé (2) et présentant une ouverture en position basse, et - des moyens de convoyage (14) adaptés pour convoyer un matériau de remblayage se trouvant dans la première trémie (10) du côté opposé de l'engin motorisé (2), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre :
des moyens de guidage (12 ; 50, 52) disposés en aval des moyens de convoyage (14) aptes à faire converger du matériau de remplissage tombant des moyens de convoyage vers une zone de convergence au niveau du sol.Device for the mechanical backfilling of trenches or the like, comprising: - a motorized vehicle (2) of the tractor type with a chassis (6), an engine and elements (8) intended to come into contact with a ground, such as wheels or tracks, a first hopper (10) adapted to contain a backfill material placed on one side of the motorized vehicle (2) and having an opening in the low position, and - conveying means (14) adapted to convey a backfill material located in the first hopper (10) on the opposite side of the motorized vehicle (2), characterized in that it further comprises:
guide means (12; 50, 52) arranged downstream of the conveyor means (14) capable of converging filling material falling from the conveyor means towards a convergence zone at ground level. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première trémie (10) se trouve à l'arrière de l'engin motorisé (2) au moins partiellement en arrière des éléments (8) destinés à venir en contact avec le sol, et en ce que les moyens de convoyage (14) sont adaptés pour amener du matériau de remblayage en avant de ces éléments (8) destinés à venir en contact avec le sol.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first hopper (10) is located at the rear of the motorized vehicle (2) at least partially behind the elements (8) intended to come into contact with the ground, and in that the conveying means (14) are adapted to bring backfill material in front of these elements (8) intended to come into contact with the ground. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage comportent une seconde trémie (12) présentant une ouverture supérieure disposée sous une extrémité des moyens de convoyage (14) et une ouverture inférieure (22) débouchant vers le bas.Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide means comprise a second hopper (12) having an upper opening disposed under one end of the conveying means (14) and a lower opening (22) opening out towards the bottom. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage comportent deux bras (52, 62) s'étendant selon une direction sensiblement horizontale et présentant des faces sensiblement verticales et formant un dièdre.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the guide means comprise two arms (52, 62) extending in a substantially horizontal direction and having substantially vertical faces and forming a dihedral. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les bras (62) des moyens de guidage sont chacun montés mobiles transversalement indépendamment l'un de l'autre.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the arms (62) of the guide means are each mounted movable transversely independently of each other. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens (28, 30) permettant de faire varier la position en hauteur des moyens de guidage (12).Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises means (28, 30) allowing the height position of the guide means (12) to be varied. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens (26 ; 72) permettant de déplacer les moyens de guidage latéralement par rapport au sens de déplacement de l'engin motorisé (2).Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises means (26; 72) making it possible to move the guide means laterally with respect to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle (2). Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de convoyage comportent des moyens (40) permettant de réaliser un convoyage latéral par rapport au sens de déplacement de l'engin motorisé (2).Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the conveying means comprise means (40) making it possible to carry out lateral conveying with respect to the direction of movement of the motorized vehicle (2). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de convoyage (14) comportent une première portion de convoyage montée sur rouleaux s'étendant entre les éléments (8) destinés à venir en contact avec un sol et définissant un premier plan de convoyage et au moins une seconde portion de convoyage montée sur rouleaux (44) prolongeant la première portion de convoyage définissant le premier plan de convoyage, la seconde portion de convoyage définissant un second plan de convoyage incliné vers le haut par rapport au premier plan de convoyage.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the conveying means (14) comprise a first conveying portion mounted on rollers extending between the elements (8) intended to come into contact with a ground and defining a first conveying plane and at least a second conveying portion mounted on rollers (44) extending the first conveying portion defining the first conveying plane, the second conveying portion defining a second conveying plane inclined upward relative to the first conveying plane. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la première portion de convoyage et la seconde portion de convoyage sont formées par un tapis roulant.Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the first conveying portion and the second conveying portion are formed by a conveyor belt. Procédé de remblayage mécanique d'une tranchée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes : - fourniture d'un engin motorisé (2) comportant une première trémie (10) d'un côté de l'engin motorisé, des moyens de convoyage (14, 40) permettant d'apporter du matériau de remblayage de la première trémie (10) vers un côté opposé de l'engin motorisé, - accouplement à l'engin motorisé (2) d'un véhicule contenant un matériau de remplissage, - déversement de matériau de remplissage dans la première trémie (10), - convoyage du matériau de remplissage de la première trémie (10) vers le côté opposé de l'engin motorisé, - déplacement d'une extrémité aval des moyens de convoyage sensiblement au-dessus d'une tranchée à remblayer et guidage du matériau de remplissage tombant des moyens de convoyage vers la tranchée. Method for mechanically backfilling a trench, characterized in that it comprises the following stages: - supply of a motorized vehicle (2) comprising a first hopper (10) on one side of the motorized vehicle, conveying means (14, 40) making it possible to supply backfill material for the first hopper (10 ) to an opposite side of the motorized vehicle, - coupling to the motorized vehicle (2) of a vehicle containing a filling material, - filling material filling in the first hopper (10), - conveying the filling material of the first hopper (10) towards the opposite side of the motorized vehicle, - Moving a downstream end of the conveying means substantially above a trench to be backfilled and guiding the filling material falling from the conveying means towards the trench. Procédé de remblayage mécanique d'une tranchée selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'engin motorisé (2) se déplace de telle sorte qu'il se trouve devant le véhicule contenant le matériau de remplissage.Method for mechanically backfilling a trench according to claim 11, characterized in that the motorized vehicle (2) moves so that it is in front of the vehicle containing the filling material. Procédé de remblayage mécanique d'une tranchée selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que les étapes définies à la revendication 11 sont réalisées une première fois avec un premier matériau de remplissage, et en ce que ces mêmes étapes sont répétées une ou plusieurs fois, pour la même tranchée, après une étape de compactage, avec un matériau de remplissage similaire ou différent.Method for mechanically backfilling a trench according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the steps defined in claim 11 are carried out a first time with a first filling material, and in that these same steps are repeated one or more times, for the same trench, after a compaction step, with a similar or different filling material.
EP19194103.8A 2018-08-31 2019-08-28 Device and method for mechanical backfilling of trenches Active EP3617409B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113718874A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-30 安徽信息工程学院 Communication pipeline embedding device capable of automatically ditching

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989011569A1 (en) 1988-05-20 1989-11-30 Anthony Roy Barker Trench filling unit
FR2697037A1 (en) * 1992-10-16 1994-04-22 Applic Derives Asphalte Self-propelled finisher for making good roads after trench excavation - includes rear mounted sliding spreader extending beyond chassis sides, two strip width sliding pads, and conveyor belts between hopper and spreader
FR2697036A1 (en) 1992-10-16 1994-04-22 Applic Derives Asphalte Road construction finisher for simultaneous double paving - comprises two hoppers conveyors tables spreaders blades vibrators compactor to lay two different surfacing mixes simultaneously
US5765966A (en) 1996-10-01 1998-06-16 White; Thomas B. Sub-surface trenching and backfill apparatus
FR2899915A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-19 Famatec Soc Par Actions Simpli Mineral material e.g. soil, processing method for installing e.g. cable, involves mixing fraction of large size particles with additives, and pouring fraction on sublayer of base of trench to form rolling sublayer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989011569A1 (en) 1988-05-20 1989-11-30 Anthony Roy Barker Trench filling unit
FR2697037A1 (en) * 1992-10-16 1994-04-22 Applic Derives Asphalte Self-propelled finisher for making good roads after trench excavation - includes rear mounted sliding spreader extending beyond chassis sides, two strip width sliding pads, and conveyor belts between hopper and spreader
FR2697036A1 (en) 1992-10-16 1994-04-22 Applic Derives Asphalte Road construction finisher for simultaneous double paving - comprises two hoppers conveyors tables spreaders blades vibrators compactor to lay two different surfacing mixes simultaneously
US5765966A (en) 1996-10-01 1998-06-16 White; Thomas B. Sub-surface trenching and backfill apparatus
FR2899915A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-19 Famatec Soc Par Actions Simpli Mineral material e.g. soil, processing method for installing e.g. cable, involves mixing fraction of large size particles with additives, and pouring fraction on sublayer of base of trench to form rolling sublayer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113718874A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-30 安徽信息工程学院 Communication pipeline embedding device capable of automatically ditching
CN113718874B (en) * 2021-09-07 2022-07-01 安徽信息工程学院 Communication pipeline embedding device capable of automatically ditching

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PL3617409T3 (en) 2021-10-18
ES2878398T3 (en) 2021-11-18
FR3085392A1 (en) 2020-03-06
EP3617409B1 (en) 2021-04-07

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