EP0685600A1 - Assembly method for a portable bridge and bridge obtained by such a method - Google Patents

Abstract

The composite bridge is formed of individual parts having an upwardly facing bearer, pref. built of framework, on both sides. Each bridge section has at least one pair of bearer members, connectable at both ends by couplings in the area of its lower frame with a cross bearer. Between the cross bearers, and resting upon them, extends at least one road plate. Coupling of the bearer members (1) with the cross bearers (3) occurs by inter-engagement and subsequent pivoting of the bearer members and the cross bearers against one another from an assembly position into the usage position. The upper frame (4), where attached to a pressure brace (7), simultaneously form a triangular profile with the cross bearers. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an assembly method for the section-wise assembly and laying of a bridge formed from individual parts, each of which forms an upward-facing, preferably trussed, continuous beam on each side, each bridge section having at least one pair of support elements, both ends of which are in the area of their lower flange one cross member each can be connected by couplings and after coupling their upper straps are aligned and fixed opposite each other with the respective subsequent support element of the adjacent bridge section, and that at least one carriageway plate extends between them and supports a bridge assembled according to the method.

Numerous bridges of this type are known; the British Bailey Bridge and the D Bridge from Fried are widespread. Krupp. Both types of bridges are composed of truss parts, the connection of the individual truss elements being connected to one another by means of special connecting parts, in particular bolts subjected to shear forces. The assembly of the bridge is particularly difficult and time-consuming because a large number of small parts are required, which can easily be lost during transport, the bolts also having to be secured separately after their assembly The invention has for its object to provide an assembly method with which a bridge of the type mentioned can be assembled and installed quickly and safely.

The solution to the problem is that the coupling of the carrier elements with the cross members by plugging into one another and then pivoting the carrier elements and the cross members against each other takes place from an assembly position into the use position and then the upper straps - if necessary with the involvement of at least one pressure strut - are coupled together that a triangular structure is formed simultaneously with the cross member.

The particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that the bridge can be assembled quickly as a result of fewer individual parts and that no small parts are required for assembly. A single plug and swivel movement already creates a firm connection between the respective support element and the cross member.

Correspondingly quickly and easily, the connection in the upper chord area is designed in accordance with a further embodiment in that the coupling of the tubular upper chords takes place by displacing sleeves and at least one fitted cylindrical part in the longitudinal direction of the bridge. The sleeves can be parts of the upper belt itself or upper belt connecting parts.

It is also preferably provided according to the invention that two stem supports pass through at least one bridge section which acts as a counterweight The obstacle is pushed forward and supported on the other side of the embankment so that it can be adjusted in height, then the bridge is pushed forward with its lower straps on grooved feed rollers and supported on the stem girders in the rhythm of its coupled sections and, after reaching the end position of the bridge, by means of the height adjustment devices at both ends of the stem girders the floor is lowered.

The new assembly method can be carried out according to the invention particularly advantageously with a bridge, in which the couplings each have a hammer-head-like element arranged on the carrier element, which engages behind a corresponding push-through opening of the cross member. This creates a firm and secure connection in the simplest way.

A further embodiment of the bridge provides that at least one of the sleeves arranged in the region of the crossmember is provided with a pressure strut which can be coupled to the crossmember in order to produce the triangular structure. In this way, existing sleeves save a special fastening element for the pressure strut

A further embodiment according to the invention is particularly advantageous, in which a sleeve is arranged so that it can be moved longitudinally so that, after the connection, it encompasses the two adjacent upper flange ends at the same time. In this way, a connection of the upper flange ends is made at the same time and only one pressure strut is required for the connection area. This applies in particular to bridge training with single-walled girders.

In a further embodiment it is provided that to form a bayonet lock, the sleeve is provided in pairs with inner protrusions and the upper flange ends are aligned with two outer protrusions such that the inner protrusions engage behind the outer protrusions in the coupled position. As a result, the top flange connections, which are normally only subjected to pressure, can also be subjected to tension, which is particularly advantageous for pioneer bridges.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the new bridge also consists in that a bridge section has a pair of approximately vertically upward-pointing support elements and the pressure struts are arranged on the outside of the bridge. This also applies to a single-walled carrier design and has the advantage that the pressure struts do not hinder traffic.

For bridges with a high load capacity, it is provided that a bridge section has two pairs of truss elements formed from trusses, which form a double-walled, converging girder on both sides of the bridge, the upper chord being formed by sleeves arranged on the truss struts, which engage in a hinge-like manner and by at least a fitted cylindrical part can be fixed. The correspondingly designed cross beams can also be used for a bridge with a single-walled beam design, and - with the same dimensions - even in exchange, e.g. B. can be used as a replacement for the crossmember for the single-wall design.

Another advantageous embodiment in which the cylindrical part is between the centers of the Bridge sections extends, saves due to friction in the connector, among other things, a special thrust protection for the top flange coupling.

Characterized in that - as further provided - the crossmember at both ends have at least one cylindrical jacket-shaped projection formed on its underside by a tube piece, which is aligned with the tubular lower chords or lower chord parts of the carrier elements and extends between these, these projections can simultaneously as tracks for appropriately shaped Feed rollers are used.

It is also particularly advantageous that the cross members are each formed symmetrically in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge. This simplifies manufacture and assembly in a special way.

The same applies to the measure that the carrier elements - possibly with the exception of the sleeves - are each formed symmetrically in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge. If, as is preferably provided, the sleeves connect two adjacent top flange ends to one another, which can also be considered for the double-walled carrier design, correspondingly, only one sleeve with associated pressure strut is assigned to each carrier element.

For the purpose of simple, quick and safe laying of the bridge, it is also provided that at least some of the cross members are provided on their upper side with two receiving means, arranged symmetrically on both ends between the support elements, for fastening a roller frame each, which serves to guide a stem support. It is particularly advantageous that the receiving means are used alternatively for fastening a scrap board, and, in a further embodiment according to the invention, that the stem support is also used as a scrap board. Stem girders or curbs are advantageously box-shaped and can be extended in a known manner by putting together individual elements which are assigned to the lengths of the bridge sections.

Fig. 1

eine Brücke mit einwandigen Trägern ausschnittsweise in Schrägansicht,

Fig. 2

die Brücke nach Fig. 1 im Querschnitt,

Fig. 3

ein Trägerelement in Ansicht,

Fig. 4

einen Querträger in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 5

den Querträger nach Fig. 4 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 6

eine Untergurtkupplung im senkrechten Schnitt in Brücken-Längsrichtung,

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt nach der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 6, in etwas größerem Maßstab,

Fig. 8

eine Obergurtkupplung, ebenfalls im senkrechten Brücken-Längsschnitt,

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt nach der Linie IX-IX in Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

einen Schnitt nach der Linie X-X in Fig. 8,

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt nach der Linie XI-XI in Fig. 8,

Fig. 12

die Obergurtkupplung nach Fig. 8 in entkuppelter Stellung, ebenfalls im senkrechten Längsschnitt,

Fig. 13

eine End-Druckstrebe mit zugehöriger Hülse im senkrechten Längsschnitt,

Fig. 14

in gleicher Darstellung wie in Fig. 13 eine andere Ausführungsform einer End-Druckstrebe,

Fig. 15 bis 18

drei Schritte beim Verlegen der Brücke in Ansicht, wobei Fig. 15 die Draufsicht zu Fig. 16 darstellt,

Fig. 19

die Hälfte einer Brücke mit doppelwandigem Träger im Querschnitt,

Fig. 20

die Darstellung nach Fig. 19 in Draufsicht.

Embodiments of the new bridge for the assembly method according to the invention and an example of their laying are shown schematically in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. 1

a bridge with single-walled girders in partial oblique view,

Fig. 2

1 in cross section,

Fig. 3

a carrier element in view,

Fig. 4

a cross member in side view,

Fig. 5

4 in top view,

Fig. 6

a lower chord coupling in vertical section in the longitudinal direction of the bridge,

Fig. 7

6 shows a section along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6, on a somewhat larger scale,

Fig. 8

an upper chord coupling, also in the vertical longitudinal section of the bridge,

Fig. 9

8 shows a section along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8,

Fig. 10

8 shows a section along the line XX in FIG. 8,

Fig. 11

7 shows a section along the line XI-XI in FIG. 8,

Fig. 12

8 in the uncoupled position, also in a vertical longitudinal section,

Fig. 13

an end pressure strut with associated sleeve in vertical longitudinal section,

Fig. 14

in the same representation as in FIG. 13 another embodiment of an end pressure strut,

15 to 18

three steps in laying the bridge in view, FIG. 15 showing the top view of FIG. 16,

Fig. 19

half of a bridge with double-walled girder in cross section,

Fig. 20

19 in top view.

1 shows a complete bridge section and a coupled part of a second bridge section, to each of which two carrier elements 1 formed from a framework and a plurality of roadway plates 2 are assigned. The roadway plates 2 extend side by side between cross members 3, which are each switched in the longitudinal direction of the bridge between a pair of support elements or form one end of the bridge, as shown in the foreground of FIG. 1. The right half of Fig. 1 shows the carrier element 1 in a lying position after plugging together and before Coupling, which is done by swiveling upwards. The carrier elements 1 each have an upper flange 4 and a lower flange 5, which are tubular. The ends of the upper straps 4 are each surrounded by a sleeve 6, to which a pressure strut 7 is welded, the other end of which is coupled centrally to the associated end of the cross member 3.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the lower flange 5 of the carrier element 1 has a hammer-head-like element 8 at both ends, the outer end of which is aligned with the end of the upper flange 4. The same applies to the center line of the pressure strut 7 in its coupled position, as indicated on the right in FIG. 3.

4 and 5 it can be seen that in the cross members 3 tube pieces 9 are incorporated, which have the same diameter as the lower chords 5 and two pairs of disc halves 10, which form push-through openings 11 for the hammer-head-like elements 8. The cross member 3, which is preferably formed from a stiffened box section, has a strip 12 on each of its two longitudinal sides between the tube pieces 9, on which the ends of the carriageway slabs 2 are supported such that their upper sides are aligned with the upper side of the cross member 3. At the ends, a spring-loaded slide element 13 is arranged on the cross member 3 in such a way that the end of the associated pressure strut 7, which end is provided with a corresponding bore 14, is fixed centrally in the closed position. The slide elements 13 can also be incorporated into the cross member 3 or arranged at its outer ends in front of the head, so that the parts of the cross member 3 lying outside the pipe pieces 9 are omitted.

6 and 7 that the two pairs of disc halves 10 are arranged in the tube pieces 9 in such a way that the hammer-head-like elements 8 abut one another in the coupling position. Cylindrical guides 15 extending between the disc halves 10 and the respective end of the tube pieces 9 bring about an additionally stiffened connection.

8 to 12 show the design of the sleeve 6 and the associated upper flange ends as a bayonet catch. For this purpose, the sleeve 6, which has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the upper belt ends, is provided at one end with two opposite projections 16 which are segment-shaped in cross-section and which bear against the upper belts 4 on the inside. The same shape outer projections 17 are each aligned at the ends of the abutting top chords. In the locking position shown in Fig. 8, the projections 16 and 17 adjoin one another in the longitudinal direction of the bridge, while during the locking or unlocking process the sleeve 6 is rotated by 90 °, so that its inner projections 16 by the one between the outer projections 17 and the two tubular bodies on the other hand, cavities formed can be pushed in the longitudinal direction. For uncoupling, the pressure strut 7 is first released from the slide element 13, then pivoted upward by 90 °, in order then to be able to be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the bridge up to the end position at a stop 18 (FIG. 12). In the end position, the other end of the sleeve 6 closes with the upper belt end. Because the end of the sleeve 6 resting against the stop 18 lies with its inner diameter over the entire circumference on the upper flange 4 (FIG. 11), the sleeve 6 cannot be removed from the carrier element. Unless removing the sleeve 6 is intended, it receives the same inner projections 16 at both ends and in alignment. Alternatively, it can then be pushed onto the upper chord of the adjacent carrier element 1 and deposited there during transport.

Each support element 1 is preferably assigned a pressure strut 7 provided with a sleeve 6, so that two different types of support elements do not have to be formed and sorted out during assembly. The pressure strut missing at the bridge end and thus missing triangular connection at the bridge end can then be produced by a specially designed pressure strut 7 ', as shown in FIG. 13, or when using one of the pressure struts 7 with the sleeve 6, an intermediate piece 19 can be inserted into the end of the upper chord 4 are used (Fig. 14). The intermediate piece 19 is tubular so that it can be pushed into the upper chord and has two projections 17 'at the outer end, which are aligned with the outer projections 17 of the upper chord 4. Since the outer projections 17 'have the same length as the outer projections 17, the sleeve 6 can be locked and unlocked in the manner described. In the embodiment according to FIG. 13, the sleeve 6 'used is manufactured in such a way that a sleeve 6 is cut in the middle in the transverse direction and an end plate is attached to the interface. The pressure strut 7 'is also welded in the middle of the interface. Since the part of the sleeve 6 used has the inner projections 16, it can be pushed onto the end of the upper flange 4 and locked in the manner described by turning.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 with double-walled supports, the crossmember 3 'accordingly has two incorporated tubular pieces 9 at both ends, which have the same coupling parts as the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 7. Likewise, the lower flange parts 5 ′ and 5 ″ of two support elements 1 ′ and 1 ″ are provided with the hammer-head-like elements 8 at their ends. As can be seen in FIG. 20, the carrier elements 1 ′ and 1 ″ have sleeves 26 and 27 arranged on their truss struts, which form the upper chord 4 ′ when arranged in a row. To do this, they interlock with one another like a hinge. For coupling, the carrier elements 1 'and 1' 'are pivoted against each other by approximately 90 ° from the oblique position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 19 until their sleeves 26 and 27 are aligned with one another. The triangular connection is then made by pushing through a tube 28 provided as a cylindrical part.

The carrier element 1 ″ has three sleeves 27, between which two sleeves 26 of the carrier element 1 ′ lie, the ends of the two outer sleeves 27 in the transverse direction of the bridge with the ends of the lower flange parts 5 ′ and 5 ″, which together form the lower flange of the double-walled Form the bridge girder, align. Between the sleeves 27 of adjacent support elements 1 ″ thus remains a gap of the width of the cross member 3 ′, which is bridged by an interposed sleeve 29. The sleeve 29 has three pressure struts 30, 30 ', each of which is coupled with its other end in the same way as the pressure struts 7 to the cross member and are arranged such that two pressure struts 30 run parallel and the third, intermediate pressure strut 30' against the other two is pivotable about the top chord axis. After coupling occurs on this Way in two directions a triangular structure that fix the sleeve 29 so that it is aligned with the sleeves 27 in the use position. If necessary, the tube can be connected to the sleeves 26 and 27 in a shear-resistant manner, e.g. B. by - not shown - locking elements. The sleeve 29 can be omitted if the outer sleeves 27 are extended such that they each abut the adjoining carrier element 1 ″.

The assembly of a bridge section is thus formed from two or four support elements, a cross member and the associated roadway plates, while a bridge field, which is decisive for the calculation, extends in each case between the centers of two cross members 3 and 3 '. The shortest bridge of the type according to the invention accordingly has two support elements 1 or four support elements 1 'and 1' 'and two cross members 3 or 3'.

15 to 18 show the laying of a bridge with single-walled girders with six fields over an obstacle 20, but this also applies in the same way to a bridge with double-walled girders. First, a sufficient number of bridge sections as a counterweight is assembled and jacked up on feed rollers 21. In order to be able to push two light stem carriers 22 parallel over the obstacle 20, the first two obstacle-side cross members 3 are provided with roller frames 23, through which the stem carriers 22 are pushed as far as the slope beyond. To accommodate the roller frame 23, which are shown in the left half of FIG. 2, the cross members 3 have receiving means arranged at both ends, for. B. threaded holes, on which the roller frames are attached. On the other side embankment of the Obstacle, the stem support 22 are mounted on a height adjustment device 24, such as an air cushion. The bridge is then advanced on the feed rollers 21 provided with grooves 25, its lower chords 5 or the tube pieces 9, which form cylindrical-jacket-shaped projections on the underside of the cross members 3, being guided through the grooves 25 of the feed rollers 21. The remaining bridge sections are assembled simultaneously during the feed. In the further course of the feed, the front end of the bridge is supported on the stem supports 22 via the roller frames 23. The last cross member at the rear end of the bridge is also provided with two roller frames 23.

When the bridge, as shown in FIG. 18, has reached its end position, the appropriately dimensioned front beam protrudes from both ends of the bridge. Since it still rests on the feed rollers 21 arranged directly on the embankment at the rear end, the stem supports 22 are also provided at this end with a height adjustment device 24, with the aid of which the feed rollers 21 are removed and the bridge is suspended at both ends on the roller frame 23 into its final position Location can be lowered to the floor. Finally, the roller frames 23 are removed and the stem supports 22 are adapted in length to the bridge and fastened as curbs to the receiving means which previously served to arrange the roller frames, as shown in the right half of FIG. 2. The stem girders, which are accordingly composed of scrapboard elements, are approximately one bridge span longer than the total bridge length.

The exemplary embodiment described is intended for single-track traffic of vehicles, as is the case with pioneer bridges It is common that there is sufficient space for pedestrian traffic between the curbs 22 and the support elements 1. However, it is also possible to make the bridge wider according to the invention if necessary.

Reference numerals

1, 1 ', 1' '

Carrier element

2nd

Roadway slab

3, 3 '

Cross member

4, 4 '

Top chord

5

Lower chord

5 ', 5' '

Lower belt part

6, 6 '

Sleeve

7, 7 '

Strut

8th

hammer head-like element

9

Pipe piece

10th

Half of the disc

11

Push-through opening

12th

strip

13

Slide element

14

drilling

15

cylindrical guide

16

Inner projection

17, 17 '

External advantage

18th

attack

19th

Spacer

20th

obstacle

21

Feed roller

22

Stem support

23

Roller frame

24th

Height adjustment device

25th

groove

26, 27

Sleeve

28

pipe

29

Sleeve

30. 30 '

Strut

Claims (16)

Assembly method for section-by-section assembly and laying of a bridge formed from individual parts, each of which forms an upward-facing, preferably truss, continuous girder on each side, each bridge section having at least one pair of girder elements that can be connected at both ends in the area of their lower chord to a crossbeam by means of couplings and after coupling, their upper straps are flush with each other and adjoining the support element of the adjacent bridge section, and that at least one carriageway plate extends between them and supports them, characterized in that the coupling of the support elements (1, 1 ', 1 '') with the crossbeams (3, 3 ') by inserting one into the other and then pivoting the carrier elements (1, 1', 1 '') and the crossbeams (3, 3 ') against each other from an assembly position into the use position and then the upper part rte (4, 4 ') - if necessary with the involvement of at least one pressure strut (7) - are coupled with one another in such a way that a triangular structure is formed simultaneously with the cross member (3, 3'). Assembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling of the tubular top chords (4, 4 ') takes place by moving sleeves (6, 26, 27) and at least one fitted cylindrical part (top chord 4, tube 4') against each other in the direction of the bridge . Assembly method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two stem supports (22) are pushed through at least one bridge section acting as a counterweight over the obstacle (20) and are height-adjustable on the other side slope (height adjustment devices 24), then the bridge is in time with them coupled sections with their lower chords (5) on feed rollers (21) provided with grooves (25) and supported on the stem supports (22) and after reaching the bridge end position by means of the height adjustment devices (24) at both ends of the stem supports (22) is lowered to the floor. Bridge assembled according to the method of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the couplings each have a hammer-head-like element (8) which is arranged on the carrier element (1, 1 ', 1' ') and has a corresponding push-through opening (11) in the crossmember (3, 3 ') engages behind. Bridge according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one of the sleeves (6) arranged in the region of the cross members (3) is provided with a pressure strut (7) which can be coupled to the cross member (3) in order to produce the triangular structure. Bridge according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a sleeve (6) is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable that, after the connection, it encompasses the two adjacent upper flange ends at the same time. Bridge according to claim 6, characterized in that to form a bayonet lock, the sleeve (6) is provided in pairs with inner protrusions (16) and the upper flange ends are aligned with two outer protrusions (17) such that the inner protrusions (16) in the coupled position Reach behind the outer projections (17). Bridge according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a bridge section has a pair of approximately vertically upward-pointing support elements (1) and the pressure struts (7, 7 ') are arranged on the outside of the bridge. Bridge according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a bridge section has two pairs of support elements (1, 1 ') formed from truss, which form a double-walled, converging support on both sides of the bridge, the upper flange (5') passing through sleeves (26, 27) arranged on the truss struts are formed, which engage in a hinge-like manner and are fixed by at least one fitted cylindrical part (tube 28). Bridge according to claim 9, characterized in that the cylindrical part (tube 28) extends between the centers of the bridge sections. Bridge according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the crossbeams (3, 3 ') have at both ends at least one cylindrical jacket-shaped projection on their underside formed by a tube piece (9) which is connected to the tubular lower chords (5) or lower chord parts ( 5 ', 5'') of Carrier elements (1) are aligned and extend between them. Bridge according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the cross members (3, 3 ') are each formed symmetrically in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge. Bridge according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the carrier elements (1, 1 ', 1' ') - possibly with the exception of the sleeves (6) - are each formed symmetrically in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge. Bridge according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that at least some of the cross beams (3, 3 ') on their upper side with two receiving means arranged symmetrically on both ends between the support elements (1, 1', 1 '') for fastening one each Roller frame (23) is provided, which serves to guide a stem support (22). Bridge according to claim 14, characterized in that the receiving means serve alternatively for fastening a scrap board. Bridge according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the stem support (22) is also used as a scrap board.

Images