EP0685551B1 - Four tournant de pyrolyse de déchets avec chauffage interne - Google Patents
Four tournant de pyrolyse de déchets avec chauffage interne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0685551B1 EP0685551B1 EP95401177A EP95401177A EP0685551B1 EP 0685551 B1 EP0685551 B1 EP 0685551B1 EP 95401177 A EP95401177 A EP 95401177A EP 95401177 A EP95401177 A EP 95401177A EP 0685551 B1 EP0685551 B1 EP 0685551B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- heating
- solid materials
- heating means
- waste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000135309 Processus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021183 entrée Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001869 rapid Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/026—Arrangements for charging or discharging the materials to be dried, e.g. discharging by reversing drum rotation, using spiral-type inserts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0404—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis with internal subdivision of the drum, e.g. for subdividing or recycling the material to be dried
- F26B11/0413—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis with internal subdivision of the drum, e.g. for subdividing or recycling the material to be dried the subdivision consisting of concentric walls, e.g. multi-pass or recirculation systems; the subdivision consisting of spiral-shaped walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0445—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having conductive heating arrangements, e.g. heated drum wall
- F26B11/045—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having conductive heating arrangements, e.g. heated drum wall using heated internal elements, e.g. which move through or convey the materials to be dried
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of heat treatment of solid materials, and more particularly pyrolysis (or thermolysis) ovens intended for treat solids such as waste of any kind.
- the ovens targeted are generally cylindrical and rotate around their axis of symmetry.
- the calorific intake necessary for pyrolysis can consist of solids or gases in contact or not with the solids to be treated.
- patent application FR-A- 2,668,774 shows an oven pyrolysis in which heating can be carried out outside the oven by burners supplied with pyrolysis gases; according to another embodiment, heat transfer solids are supplied in contact with the waste to be pyrolyzed in the oven itself. A additional reactor is then necessary to heat the solids heat transfer fluids.
- This type of installation is a complex implementation, and is reveals to the heavy consumer use of energy.
- the document DE-A- 29 03 280 discloses a compact rotary oven in which the waste to be treated successively passes through a first cylinder turning then a rotating ring coaxial with the cylinder. Waste are heated by heat transfer gases circulating around the cylinders. An external rotating envelope delimits the area of heater.
- this type of installation remains particularly complex in terms of the shape of the cylinders; Moreover the means of heating and smoke evacuation not being problems may arise at the level of connections.
- This type of installation like most ovens known turning points (see US-A-1 508 578), must be considered as ovens rotary external indirect heating.
- the present invention represents an improvement of ovens known pyrolysis turning points
- this invention avoids the problems of obstructions by solids large, inert or not yet thermally degraded; the risks of snagging are almost non-existent, very clearly reduced compared to known systems.
- the thermal efficiency is further improved by the fact that the highest temperatures are clearly located at center of the system.
- a solid material heat treatment oven comprising a rotating element in which said longitudinally circulates solid materials, and a heating means therefor materials, which extends longitudinally in the oven, the solid materials progressing in about two lengths to inside the rotating element.
- the heating means is fixed, intended for channel solid materials and ensure their preheating and / or their heating.
- the heating means is fixed, arranged coaxially and inside the rotating element so that that in the axial zone delimited by the heating means, the solid materials exhibit the highest temperatures.
- the heating means comprises at least a tubular element whose branch (s) are parallel to the axis longitudinal of the oven, the branch or branches are connected by membranes, the assembly having a generally cylindrical shape.
- a heat transfer fluid circulates in the co-current and / or counter current of solid materials.
- the oven according to the invention can comprise tubular elements which are independently supplied each other.
- the oven according to the invention allows easier reuse of hot fluids than in the case of a rotary heating system; this is still a way to increase the energy performance of the installation, since it is possible to efficiently recover the sensible heat from fumes produced.
- the heating means may constitute an element of generally cylindrical shape around or inside which resistive elements are arranged.
- the type of oven illustrated in Figure 1 has a cylinder turning 1 with a horizontal or slightly inclined axis depending on the inventory and disposal requirements for solids.
- This cylinder turning is mounted for example on rollers 2, themselves fixed on a base 3 which supports most of the furnace equipment.
- Said rotating cylinder is equipped with a set 4 which ensures its rotation at a speed preferably between 0.1 and 20 rpm.
- the cylinder is connected to a fixed part 5, via a connection 6 which ensures a complete seal between the atmosphere in the oven and outside.
- This bond 6 can be what man of art commonly calls for a rotary joint.
- Said fixed part 5 has an outlet 7 for the gases produced in the cylinder turning and an outlet 8 for the solids resulting from the treatment.
- This same fixed part supports a fixed element 9, of form substantially cylindrical having one end or "outlet" 9a.
- Element 9 preferably extends over almost the entire length of cylinder 1.
- the device 9 is used for heating from inside the oven and channeling the waste to the end of the rotating cylinder 1 opposite to that into which said said are introduced waste to be treated.
- the waste comes from a hopper or any storage device 10. They are introduced into the oven at a controlled flow rate thanks to a push device 11 such as shown in Figure 1, or by any other known device those skilled in the art (worm gear for example).
- waste is more or less compacted if it present in abundant form in the raw state. Waste progress in the device 9 following a piston flow more or less compact, while being preheated. At the end 9a of the heating element 9, the waste falls by gravity into the rotating cylinder, and gradually flow longitudinally towards exit 8. The waste therefore goes back and forth in the oven.
- the heater 9 can consist of a set of tubular elements 20 connected between them by membranes 21, ensuring continuity on the whole of the device which has a generally cylindrical shape.
- the tubular elements are preferably grouped together by 2, 4, 6, etc. in the form of pins in which a hot fluid or in which an operation of combustion. These pins are connected to a collector 13 fixed on the fixed part 5 or placed near this fixed part 5.
- the collector 13 includes a zone 13a for the supply in hot fluid or for air and fuel supply, and a zone 13b for the evacuation of the cooled fluid or the fumes. In no case, there is contact between the fluid or the fumes used for the heating of the tubes 20 on the one hand, and the gases contained in the cylinder 1 and the fixed part 5 on the other hand.
- the device 9 is made up simple pins having two types of tubes 20: type tubes 22 in which the fluid circulates co-current from the waste to the interior of the device 9 and of the type 23 tubes interposed between the tubes 22 in which the fluid circulates against the current of the waste.
- the tubes can be heated for example by combustion of a gaseous fuel.
- the gaseous fuel can be natural gas or even gases from the pyrolytic treatment of waste, said gases having been beforehand and preferably treated to remove tar and particles that could lead to phenomena unwanted fouling.
- the heater 9 could just as well consist of a substantially cylindrical tube, equipped with electric heating means like resistors, coiled around or inside said tube, helically, with connections carried outside to the level of a box feed.
- the oven according to the invention is preferably intended for waste treatment at temperatures between 50 and 900 ° C, with final temperatures of the pyrolysis products in oven outlet preferably between 400 and 600 ° C.
- the temperatures at heater 9 are included between 100 and 2000 ° C and preferably between 600 and 1000 ° C.
- the tubes 20, 21, 22 provide a first heating (or preheating) waste by the internal face of the device 9, during progression of these inside the device 9.
- the calorific intake the waste continues when these have left the device 9, via the external face of said device 9.
- the heating of the waste is then carried out by the external face of the device 9 which emits energy by radiation, ie directly on the waste, i.e. on the internal wall of cylinder 1 which then returns it to the waste.
- Part of the internal face or the external face can be hidden by an insulating mask 14, as shown in Figure 1, to control and limit the supply of heat at any point in the system.
- the oven according to the present invention presupposes, a priori, use for heating, hot fluids or fuels clean such as natural gas or pyrolysis gases free of their tars and other particles.
- the hot fluid can be preheated air for example at a temperature between 500 and 1000 ° C, in a boiler which burns gases of gross pyrolysis.
- the present invention has a number of advantages, in particular with regard to a conventional installation including a heated rotating cylinder externally by burners or a heat transfer fluid which surrounds the rotating cylinder.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Description
- La figure 1 représente une coupe longitudinale simplifiée de l'installation selon l'invention; et
- La figure 2 montre l'installation selon la coupe AA de la figure 1.
- L'absence de moyens de chauffage externes réduit les coûts d'investissement, et d'une manière certaine, diminue les pertes thermiques pour au moins deux raisons : les points les plus chauds en température sont au centre du dispositif et non à la périphérie et la surface externe des parties chaudes est sensiblement réduite avec l'absence d'enveloppe entourant le cylindre tournant.
- La présente invention permet un accroissement très sensible de l'efficacité énergétique de l'installation, parce que les pertes thermiques sont considérablement réduites d'une part, et parce que les fumées ou le fluide chaud utilisés pour le chauffage, sont parfaitement canalisés et peuvent être réemployés sans difficulté en un autre point du procédé, alors qu'avec un système classique, la dilution des fumées par des entrées d'air parasites inévitables, obhèrent quelque peu les possibilités d'une utilisation optimale du contenu énergétique des déchets.
- En outre la présente invention crée de plus grandes facilités pour contrôler et moduler le chauffage du cylindre tournant, grâce notamment à la possibilité d'alimenter de manière indépendante les différents tubes constitutifs du système de chauffage.
- De surcroít, le four selon l'invention présente une moindre inertie thermique de l'ensemble, ce qui autorise des démarrages beaucoup plus rapides, et accroít les conditions de sécurité dans les cas d'arrêts impromptus. Par exemple, lorsque un four classique doit être stoppé rapidement à la suite d'un incident sur l'incinérateur de gaz de pyrolyse, toute l'énergie accumulée dans le réfractaire continuant à chauffer le cylindre tournant, la pyrolyse se poursuit et génère des gaz qui ne peuvent plus être brûlés, pouvant ainsi créer une situation explosive. Selon l'invention, les moyens de chauffage ont une inertie beaucoup plus faible, et l'arrêt de l'alimentation en fluide chaud ou en combustible étant instantané, on peut stopper le processus de pyrolyse en des temps beaucoup plus brefs.
- Par ailleurs des simplifications au plan de la conception et de la construction du four sont réalisées selon l'invention, parce que, pour une puissance donnée, la taille du cylindre tournant est plus petite qu'avec un four traditionnel. D'autre part, une seule étanchéité est à assurer au lieu de deux et enfin les problèmes de dilatation thermique sont simplifiés, le cylindre tournant étant relié à un seul point fixe, alors qu'avec les montages connus le cylindre tournant est généralement pris entre deux points fixes.
Claims (9)
- Four destiné au traitement thermique de matériaux solides comprenant un élément tournant (1) dans lequel circulent longitudinalement lesdits matériaux solides, et un moyen de chauffage (9) pour lesdits matériaux solides, qui s'étend longitudinalement dans le four, les matériaux solides progressant selon environ deux longueurs à l'intérieur de l'élément tournant (1), caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (9) est fixe, destiné à canaliser les matériaux solides et à assurer leur préchauffage et/ou leur chauffage.
- Four selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (9) est disposé coaxialement et à l'intérieur de l'élément tournant (1) de telle sorte que dans la zone axiale délimitée par le moyen de chauffage, les matériaux solides présentent les températures les plus élevées.
- Four de traitement selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de chauffage comprend au moins un élément tubulaire (22, 23) dont la ou les branches sont parallèles à l'axe longitudinal du four, en ce que la ou les branches sont reliées par des membranes (21), l'ensemble ayant une forme générale cylindrique.
- Four selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un fluide caloporteur circule dans le moyen de chauffage (22, 23) à co-courant et/ou à contre-courant des matériaux solides.
- Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments tubulaires (22, 23) sont alimentés indépendamment les uns des autres.
- Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un premier moyen (7), fixe, destiné à évacuer les gaz produits dans l'élément tournant (1) et un second moyen (8), fixe, pour évacuer les solides résultant du traitement thermique.
- Four selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (9) constitue un élément de forme générale cylindrique autour duquel ou à l'intérieur duquel sont disposés des éléments résistifs.
- Four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un élément isolant (14) entourant ledit moyen de chauffage (9).
- Application du four selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes à la pyrolyse de déchets.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9406660A FR2720487B1 (fr) | 1994-05-30 | 1994-05-30 | Four tournant de pyrolyse de déchets avec chauffage interne. |
FR9406660 | 1994-05-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0685551A1 EP0685551A1 (fr) | 1995-12-06 |
EP0685551B1 true EP0685551B1 (fr) | 1999-08-25 |
Family
ID=9463735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95401177A Expired - Lifetime EP0685551B1 (fr) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-19 | Four tournant de pyrolyse de déchets avec chauffage interne |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5644997A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0685551B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1118665C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE183770T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69511626T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2720487B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL178782B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19617617C2 (de) * | 1996-05-02 | 1998-11-12 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Verfahren zur Entsorgung von Explosivstoff-Wirkmassen sowie Vorrichtung hierfür |
US6189463B1 (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 2001-02-20 | General Technology, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for incinerating combustible waste material such as farm animal biomass |
DE102008030983B4 (de) | 2008-06-27 | 2012-06-06 | Corina Projahn | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Pyrolyse und deren Verwendung zum Verschwelen von Altreifen und Biomasse |
DE202008008767U1 (de) | 2008-06-27 | 2008-09-11 | Projahn, Corina | Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Pyrolyse |
EP2240554B1 (fr) | 2008-01-28 | 2017-09-13 | Corina Projahn | Procédé et dispositif permettant d'effectuer une pyrolyse |
DE202008007674U1 (de) | 2008-06-09 | 2009-02-12 | Fittkau, Wilfried, Dipl.-Ing. | Anlage zur Erzeugung von Elektroenergie durch Depolimerisation von Polimeren, insbesondere Altreifen |
DE102008039817A1 (de) | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Corina Projahn | Pyrolyseprodukt und seine Verwendung |
US8833276B2 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2014-09-16 | William Hunkyun Bang | Burner system for waste plastic fuel |
FR2944344B1 (fr) | 2009-04-10 | 2013-12-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Four tournant pour traitement thermique de materiaux solides |
FR2948448B1 (fr) | 2009-07-21 | 2014-01-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Four tournant pour traitement thermique radiatif de materiaux solides |
CN102994103A (zh) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 邢献军 | 一种生物质干燥炭化炉 |
CN103292468B (zh) * | 2012-02-24 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏圣奥化学科技有限公司 | 换热器 |
DE102012109874A1 (de) | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-17 | Merenas Trust Reg. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur stofflichen Behandlung von Rohstoffen |
US8603558B1 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2013-12-10 | Jarrah Ali Abdullah Ali Jaddan Almutairi | Waste food recycling machine |
CN114739129B (zh) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-09-26 | 郑州沃特节能科技股份有限公司 | 一种基于余热回收再利用的烘干系统 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1508578A (en) * | 1923-10-09 | 1924-09-16 | Kohlenscheidungsgesellschaft M | Apparatus for the distillation of coal and other substances |
US3481720A (en) * | 1966-04-29 | 1969-12-02 | Sun Oil Co | Process and apparatus for the distillation of solids |
US3861336A (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1975-01-21 | Shinzaburo Koyanagi | Garbage incinerator |
US4066024A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1978-01-03 | Oconnor Chadwell | Rotating fluidized bed combustor |
DE2903280C3 (de) | 1979-01-29 | 1981-11-19 | Peter 5439 Bretthausen Voelskow | Entgasungsdrehtrommel |
AT384100B (de) * | 1981-01-27 | 1987-09-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | Drehrohrofen |
GB2103772B (en) * | 1981-08-12 | 1984-09-26 | British Nuclear Fuels Ltd | Rotary kiln arrangements |
US4730564A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1988-03-15 | Abboud Harry I | Multi-stage kiln |
US5082534A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-01-21 | Wayne Technology, Inc. | Pyrolytic conversion system |
FR2668774B1 (fr) | 1990-11-07 | 1995-09-01 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede et dispositif de production d'un combustible solide a partir de dechets combustibles. |
US5273355A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-12-28 | Astec Industries Inc. | Aggregate dryer and soil incinerator |
-
1994
- 1994-05-30 FR FR9406660A patent/FR2720487B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-19 EP EP95401177A patent/EP0685551B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-19 AT AT95401177T patent/ATE183770T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-19 DE DE69511626T patent/DE69511626T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-30 CN CN95105869.XA patent/CN1118665C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-30 US US08/454,563 patent/US5644997A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-30 PL PL95308842A patent/PL178782B1/pl unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2720487B1 (fr) | 1996-07-12 |
CN1113310A (zh) | 1995-12-13 |
PL178782B1 (pl) | 2000-06-30 |
DE69511626D1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
EP0685551A1 (fr) | 1995-12-06 |
FR2720487A1 (fr) | 1995-12-01 |
DE69511626T2 (de) | 1999-12-09 |
PL308842A1 (en) | 1995-12-11 |
ATE183770T1 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
CN1118665C (zh) | 2003-08-20 |
US5644997A (en) | 1997-07-08 |
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