EP0683536B1 - Assemblage de plaque de refroidissement pour une pile de cellules à combustible - Google Patents

Assemblage de plaque de refroidissement pour une pile de cellules à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0683536B1
EP0683536B1 EP95201280A EP95201280A EP0683536B1 EP 0683536 B1 EP0683536 B1 EP 0683536B1 EP 95201280 A EP95201280 A EP 95201280A EP 95201280 A EP95201280 A EP 95201280A EP 0683536 B1 EP0683536 B1 EP 0683536B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
thermal expansion
cooler assembly
coefficient
stack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95201280A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0683536A1 (fr
Inventor
Richard D. Breault
Ronald G. Martin
Robert P. Roche
Glenn W. Scheffler
Joseph J. O'brien
Michael J. Rajpolt, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CLC Srl
UTC Power Corp
Original Assignee
CLC Srl
International Fuel Cells Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CLC Srl, International Fuel Cells Corp filed Critical CLC Srl
Publication of EP0683536A1 publication Critical patent/EP0683536A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0683536B1 publication Critical patent/EP0683536B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
    • Y10T428/249945—Carbon or carbonaceous fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a coolant plate for use in a fuel cell assembly, and more particularly to a coolant plate that possesses enhanced heat transfer characteristics, is non-porous and is resistant to thermally-induced stresses.
  • Coolant plate structures for fuel cell stack assemblies typically include a metal serpentine coolant flow tube which is embedded in a conductive plate formed from a carbon/binder mixture.
  • the conductive plates have been formed from carbon particles which are essentially spheroidal in configuration; and the binder is a fluorocarbon resin which is hydrophobic, and which imparts hydrophobic characteristics to the coolant plate.
  • the plates are homogeneous mixtures of carbon and binder in the through plane.
  • Another problem that resides in the prior art coolant plate assemblies relates to the ability of the carbon particle-binder mixture to adhere to the serpentine metal coolant tube.
  • a durable intimate bond is desired between the carbon particles and the metal tube.
  • Such a bond has not, however, been consistently produced by the carbon particle-hydrophobic binder system used in the prior art.
  • One solution to the bond problem has been to coat the metal coolant tube with a resin layer so that the resin component in the plate will bond to a similar resin on the tube. This approach results in an acceptable bond but produces less efficient heat transfer to the coolant because of the resin layer on the coolant tube.
  • Still another problem attendant to the prior art coolant plate assemblies relates to the difference in the CTE of the metal tube as compared to the carbon particle component of the assembly.
  • the dilemma facing the stack designer involves the need to minimize thermal stress when a graphite-binder/metal composite component contacts a graphite-binder component.
  • the CTE of the metal component is different from the CTE of the graphite-binder components so the designer is faced with the problem of how to tailor the graphite-binder portion of the coolant plate to so as to minimize thermal stress between the various components of the stack.
  • This invention relates to the formation of a coolant plate complex which includes a serpentine metal coolant flow tube embedded in a graphite particle-binder plate.
  • the graphite particles used in the plate are graphite flakes.
  • Flake graphites are differentiated from synthetic graphites in several ways. Flake graphites are flake-like in particle shape, as opposed to more spheroidal shapes or needle-like shapes found within the synthetic graphite family. The flake-like shape results in molded articles with significantly higher densities, and therefore lower porosities, versus synthetic grades. This is due to the stacking effect achieved with flake materials under the influence of molding pressures. This has the effect of reducing the resin demand, that is to say, reducing the quantity of resin required to "glue" the structure together. This effect has several advantages.
  • the coolant plate complex includes a metal, preferably stainless steel, serpentine coolant circulating tube which has its exterior surface roughened so as to Stain improved adhesion between the graphite flake-binder and the coolant tube components of the plate complex. This helps to prevent cracking of the graphite flake-binder plate component during thermal cycles, while at the same time providing excellent heat transfer from the molded cooler material to the coolant tubes.
  • the plate component is also formed with a thermally graded graphite flake-binder mixture so that the plate component possesses different CTE values at its upper and lower surfaces than in its middle portion. The problems found in the prior art resulting from thermal stress are thus ameliorated in the coolant plate complex of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 a portion of a flow field/separator plate/coolant plate sub-assembly adapted for use in a phosphoric acid fuel cell stack.
  • the sub-assembly is denoted generally by the numeral 2 and includes a first electrode flow field plate 4 for one cell in the stack, and a second electrode flow field plate 6 for an adjacent cell in the stack.
  • the plates 4 and 6 include grooves 8 and 10 respectively through which the reactants flow.
  • First and second electrically conductive carbon separator plates 12 and 14 are disposed adjacent to the sides of each flow field plate 4 and 6 respectively which are distal of the grooves 8 and 10.
  • the coolant plate assembly 16 includes a serpentine metal coolant flow passage tube 18 which is embedded in a holder plate 20 formed from graphite flakes bonded together by a hydrophobic resin such as Fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer (FEP).
  • FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer
  • the exterior surface 22 of the coolant tube 18 is roughened so as to provide improved adhesion to the graphite flake-binder plate.
  • the surface roughening may be supplied by flame spraying, sand blasting, or the like.
  • the improved adhesion helps prevent cracking of the plate 20 during thermal cycling, and improves adhesion with the holder plate. Heat transfer is improved in the absence of the separate resin layer on the tube 18.
  • the edges of the holder plate 20 are protected against acid penetration by means of a corrosion-resistant acid-impermeable layer 27.
  • the layer 27 can be formed from a tape of fluorethylene polymer, or polytetrafluorethylene which has an adhesive layer which provides adhesion of the tape to the plate 20.
  • the layer 27 can comprise a corrosion-resistant material such as a fluorel elastomer which is coated onto the plate 20 and bonded in situ during initial stack heat-up. In either case, the plate 20 will be protected from acid penetration during stack operation.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the graded nature of the holder plate 20.
  • the plate 20 is divided into three internal zones 21, 23 and 25 as seen in the through-plane direction.
  • the separator plate 12 is bonded to the zone 21 by a fluoropolymer resin layer 13; and the separator plate 14 is bonded to the zone 25 by a fluoropolymer resin layer 15.
  • the coolant tube 18 is contained in the zone 23.
  • the zones 21 and 25 are made from a graphite flake-binder formulation which imparts a lower CTE to the zones 21 and 25; and the zone 23 is made from a graphite flake-binder formulation which imparts a higher CTE to the zone 23.
  • the lower CTE zones 21 and 25 are more compatible with the CTE of the separator plates 12 and 14; and the higher CTE of the zone 23 is more compatible with the CTE of the steel coolant tube 18.
  • the zones 21 and 25 may, for example, be formed from a mixture which imparts a CTE of 3.6 - 5.4 ppm/degree C (2-3 ppm/degree F).; and the zone 23 may be formed from a mixture which imparts a CTE of 7,2 - 10.8 ppm/degree C (4-6 ppm/degree F).
  • the coolant plate assembly of this invention will provide improved thermal cycling stability and will provide improved heat transfer and improved cooling capacity.
  • the use of the flake graphite constituent in the coolant tube holder plate results in a component that has longer operating life.
  • Other thermoplastic polymers such as polyphenylene sulfide, and thermosetting polymers such as phenolic can be used to form the molded cooler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Assemblage de refroidissement pour une stabilisation dans une pile de cellules à combustible, ledit assemblage de refroidissement comprenant :
    (a) un conduit tubulaire destiné à contenir le courant d'écoulement d'un liquide de refroidissement ; et
    (b) un moyen de revêtement composé d'un mélange de particules de graphite/polymère jouant le rôle de liant, ledit moyen de refroidissement entourant ledit conduit tubulaire.
  2. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange de particules/polymère est lié audit conduit tubulaire.
  3. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit tubulaire est un tube de métal possédant une surface extérieure rugueuse qui peut être mise en oeuvre de façon à augmenter la cohésion entre le mélange de particules de graphite/polymère et le tube.
  4. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit tube de métal possède une configuration de serpentin.
  5. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange de particules de graphite/polymère jouant le rôle de liant est formulé de façon à fournir sur ledit moyen de revêtement des zones de surface séparées, lesquelles zones de surface ayant un coefficient d'expansion thermique compatible avec un coefficient d'expansion thermique des composés du carbone sur la pile qui est en contact avec lesdites zones de surface de l'assemblage de refroidissement ; et ledit mélange de particules de graphite/polymère étant également formulé de façon à fournir dans ledit moyen de revêtement une zone interne qui a un coefficient d'expansion thermique plus élevé que lesdites zones de surface et qui est compatible avec le coefficient d'expansion thermique dudit conduit tubulaire, de façon à minimiser les efforts induits thermiquement entre les éléments internes adjacents de la pile durant le cycle thermique de la pile.
  6. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une couche en matériau résistant à la corrosion, imperméable aux acides et formant les bords latéraux dudit moyen de revêtement, ladite couche de matériau pouvant être mise en oeuvre de façon à protéger ledit moyen de revêtement contre la pénétration d'un acide.
  7. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de revêtement est un plaquage moulé autour dudit conduit tubulaire et intimement lié audit conduit tubulaire en raison de la rugosité externe dudit conduit.
  8. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange de particules de graphite/polymère jouant le rôle de liant est formulé de façon à fournir sur ledit plaquage des zones de surface séparées, lesquelles zones de surface ayant un coefficient d'expansion thermique compatible avec un coefficient d'expansion thermique des composés du carbone sur la pile qui est en contact avec lesdites zones de surface de l'assemblage de refroidissement ; et ledit mélange de particules de graphite/polymère étant également formulé de façon à foumir dans ledit plaquage dans lequel ledit conduit tubulaire est disposé, une zone interne qui a un coefficient d'expansion thermique plus élevé que lesdites zones de surface et qui est compatible avec le coefficient d'expansion thermique dudit conduit tubulaire, de façon à minimiser les efforts induits thermiquement entre les éléments internes adjacents de la pile durant le cycle thermique de la pile.
  9. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une couche en matériau résistant à la corrosion, imperméable aux acides et formant les bords latéraux dudit plaquage, ladite couche de matériau pouvant être mise en oeuvre de façon à protéger ledit plaquage contre la pénétration d'un acide.
  10. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de revêtement est un plaquage formé dudit mélange de particules de graphite/polymère jouant le rôle de liant, ledit mélange étant moulé sous forme d'un plaquage, et formulé de façon à fournir dans ledit plaquage des zones de surface séparées, lesquelles zones de surface ayant un coefficient d'expansion thermique compatible avec un coefficient d'expansion thermique des composés du carbone de la pile qui est en contact avec lesdites zones de surface de l'assemblage de refroidissement, et ledit mélange de particules de graphite/polymère jouant le rôle de liant étant également formulé de façon à fournir une zone interne dans ledit plaquage, ladite zone interne ayant un coefficient d'expansion thermique plus élevé que lesdites zones de surface ; et caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit tubulaire est un tube de métal et possède un coefficient d'expansion thermique qui est compatible avec le coefficient d'expansion thermique de ladite zone interne dans ledit plaquage, ledit plaquage étant formulé de façon à minimiser les efforts induits thermiquement entre les éléments internes adjacents de la pile durant le cycle thermique de la pile.
  11. Assemblage de refroidissement selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre une couche en matériau résistant à la corrosion, imperméable aux acides et formant les bords latéraux dudit plaquage, ladite couche de matériau pouvant être mise en oeuvre de façon à protéger ledit plaquage contre la pénétration d'un acide.
EP95201280A 1994-05-20 1995-05-16 Assemblage de plaque de refroidissement pour une pile de cellules à combustible Expired - Lifetime EP0683536B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24658194A 1994-05-20 1994-05-20
US246581 1994-05-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0683536A1 EP0683536A1 (fr) 1995-11-22
EP0683536B1 true EP0683536B1 (fr) 2000-01-19

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US (1) US6050331A (fr)
EP (1) EP0683536B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3585992B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE189081T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69514567T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2145208T3 (fr)

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ES2145208T3 (es) 2000-07-01
JPH0845515A (ja) 1996-02-16
DE69514567T2 (de) 2000-08-31
EP0683536A1 (fr) 1995-11-22
US6050331A (en) 2000-04-18
JP3585992B2 (ja) 2004-11-10
DE69514567D1 (de) 2000-02-24
ATE189081T1 (de) 2000-02-15

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