Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
  • H04W88/181—Transcoding devices; Rate adaptation devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/12—Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
  • H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection

Definitions

• the present invention is related to the following invention which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
• the present invention relates to communication systems having a plurality of transcoders and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for communication across regional entities in a communication system.
• DS-CDMA direct sequence code division multiple access
• FDMA frequency division multiple access
• TDMA time division multiple access
• DS-CDMA cellular communication system equipment typically has an inherent limit on the number of communication channels that can be supported by each transcoder/selection system entity (XC)
• seams 200 form between the cells (e.g., cell 1 and cell 4) supported by different regional transcoder/selection entities (e.g., XC system A 106 and B 108, respectively).
• Each transcoder/selection entity exchanges speech information with voice coding devices (i.e., vocoders) and other communication network devices higher up in the system hierarchy (e.g., a mobile switching centers (MSC) or the public switched telephone network (PSTN)).
• voice coding devices i.e., vocoders
• PSTN public switched telephone network
• each transcoder/selection entity eliminates copies (by discarding or combining) of frames of voice traffic information. Copies may exist at the transcoder/selection entity, because a frame may have traveled along two or more signaling paths through a cellular infrastructure before reaching the transcoder. Each transcoder/selection entity also notifies vocoders of bad or missing frames (e.g., due to a signaling blank and burst operation). Finally, each transcoder may also duplicate frames for simultaneous transmission to multiple base transceiver stations (BTS).
• BTS base transceiver stations
• One method to handoff across the seam 200 utilizes a hard handoff instead of soft handoff (i.e., the soft handoff technique described in IS-95). In a hard handoff, a mobile communication unit is instructed to change to a completely new set of pilot channels which implies that no diversity selection function can be accomplished during the transition from the old transcoder/selection entity to the new one.
• Soft handoff maintains the benefits of a smooth transition even while passing operations across the seam 200 between a source to target transcoder/selection regional entity. These benefits include providing potential signal receiver gains by adding diversity paths.
• the source and target transcoder may be located proximate one another in a central site location scheme or remotely located from one another in a distributed site location scheme.
• "ownership" of the call is passed on to one of the target cells' controller (i.e., a link and call management device) and associated transcoding/selection entity.
• the target cell's controller receiving the ownership then becomes the source cell controller, and makes all subsequent decisions regarding soft handoff until it drops out. Therefore, a need exists for a method implementing such a desirable soft handoff across a transcoder seam 200.
• a method and apparatus for use in a radio communication system having a first and second base site communication unit operatively coupled to a first and second transcoder, respectively.
• This system also includes a mobile communication unit which is requesting to enter a linked-communication mode with the first and second base site units.
• a transcoder-base site interface link is established between the second base site and the second transcoder.
• the second transcoder is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that it relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a Communication Across Regional Entity Link (CARE-Link) in conjunction with a CARE-Control- Link between the first and second transcoder.
• the first transcoder is configured to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information within the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment communication system having several different transcoder device configurations in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a cellular coverage diagram for a communication system operating in accordance with any of the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
• FIG. 3 is a communication flow diagram for adding a handoff setup in accordance with one preferred embodiment transcoder device configuration shown in FIG. 1.
• FIG. 4 is a communication flow diagram for a dropping a handoff setup in accordance with one preferred embodiment transcoder device configuration shown in FIG. 1.
• the transcoder/selection entity 100 i.e., a network device
• the architecture consists of having this equipment located between a BTS 110 and an MSC 112 (e.g., transcoder rack 100, 102, or 104).
• MSC 112 e.g., transcoder rack 100, 102, or 104.
• One configuration consists of having the transcoder rack physically located between the BTS 110 and the MSC 112.
• Another configuration consists of having the transcoder rack physically adjunct to the MSC and providing additional communication links between the transcoder rack and the BTS through the MSC.
• Each transcoder (XC) 106 along with a mobility manager (MM) 114 (collectively referred to as the transcoder rack 100) provides an interconnection between other components in the communication system.
• an MSC 112 is located on one side and the BTS's 110 and 116 on the other side of the XC 106.
• the XC 106 includes Highway Span interfaces, switching functions, shelf controllers, and CDMA unique functions.
• the interface/controller cards in the XC frame 106 are configured around a time division multiplexed (TDM) bus which carries voice and system message traffic.
• TDM time division multiplexed
• the heart of the switch fabric is a 4092 port kiloport switch (KSW). Four KSWs can be space switched with kiloport switch extenders (KSWXs).
• the KSWX supports subrate switching which allows the transcoder/selector 106 to place four sixteen kilo bits per second (16 kbps) encoded channels on one 64 kbps digital span (DS). Fault management information and intra-frame control messages travel on a separate communication application protocol (CAP) bus.
• the XC 106 includes one or more transcoder cards (XCDR card). Each XCDR card converts 64 kbps ⁇ -law pulse code modulated (PCM ) signals into encoded voice and vice versa (e.g., this encoded voice may preferably be coded according to IS-96).
• PCM ⁇ -law pulse code modulated
• the XCDR card exchanges encoded voice and PCM with other cards in the transcoder rack 100, i.e., encoded voice to the KSW for routing to the proper BTS and PCM with an interface card, via the TDM bus (i.e., the backplane).
• TDM bus i.e., the backplane.
• Its primary functions encompass soft handoff (SHO) support (i.e., transcoder selection), voice coding, and message processing to sub-multiplex control message information to a physical layer stream under the MM direction via a CAP interface.
• SHO soft handoff
• the Supercell Transcoder/Rate Adaptor Unit produces 20 millisecond (ms) frames which are transferred at a 16 kilobits per second (kbps) rate using a modified RA1 rate adaptation format specified in CCITT V.110 as well as the RA2 rate adaptation format specified in CCITT 1.460 (which is available from Comite Consultatif International Brassique Et Telephonique (CCITT) now known as International Telecommunication Union - Telematic Services (ITU-TS), Place des Nations, CH 1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland).
• the modified RA1 rate adaptation format consists of 320 bits wherein 260 are used for information traffic (13 kbps), 21 (1.05 kbps) for control, 35 (1.75 kbps) for frame synchronization, and four for time alignment.
• a XCDR outputs 160 bits and appends 11 parity check bits. This leaves an excess of 7.45 kbps of the 13 kbps total at these times, while at the low end the excess rises to 12.2 kbps (16 bits out of the XCDR every 20 ms - no parity).
• the XCs send these STRAU frames to each BTS through the KSW switch and TDM Bus which then connects them to appropriate MSIs (multiple Serial Interface Boards) which provide the T1 link(s) to a BTS.
• MSIs multiple Serial Interface Boards
• the DS-CDMA demodulator at the BTS determines the vocoding rate and sends only the number of speech bits corresponding to the determined vocoding rate within the STRAU format.
• a T1 link carries 24 DSOs, which currently allows for up to ninety-six 16 kbps (compressed speech) links or traffic channels using RA2 multiplexing.
• the frames present on the T1 traveling to the same cell are generally synchronized in time to each other (except during soft handoff), because the cell air interface timing is the same for all the channels.
• a XCDR is connected to a cell (e.g., cell 1 associated with BTS 116) located near a seam 200
• a link being ' required to another XC 108 connected to a neighbor cell (cell 4 associated with BTS 118).
• cell 4 associated with BTS 118
• the XCs 106 and 108 coordinate and arbitrate the soft handoff across their CARE link boundary using a segmented XCDR configuration.
• the XCDR may eventually be handed over to another resource more local to the subscriber current location.
• CARE links use STRAU to frame the data for communication between XCs and a CAP interface for communication to the higher (MM) entity.
• the source XCDR (SXCDR) associated with BTS 116 in XC system 106 terminates the traffic channel while in SHO.
• the destination XCDR (DXCDR) associated with BTS 118 in XC 108 routes the physical link that it receives from its BTS through a CARE link to the SXCDR in a bypass mode.
• the DXCDR determines proper time adjustment in preparation for assuming responsibility if the subscriber unit moves entirely into its cell.
• the SXCDR transmits the voice and adjusts its transcoding window for proper delay minimization using feedback through the STRAU from the BTS 118.
• the selector to the DXCDR informs the destination transcoder to time adjust its window by monitoring the time alignment information in the STRAU from the BTS 118.
• CARE links added delay occurs for the other, passive XCDR, path which routes STRAU in a bypass mode. If the MSC 112 or 122 is employed to route STRAU between the XCs 106 and 108, then additional delay may be added to the CARE link. Therefore, any slight discrepancy in the second BTS Span time must be accommodated.
• the added delay results in the SXCDR advancing its transmission to its BTS's.
• the vocoder chip Since the MSC may be set up in a three party conference circuit configuration, the vocoder chip must be programmed to send muted PCM speech frames.
• the selecting function on the two links during SHO is performed at the SXCDR. Physically the sub-systems may be connected with a 1.544 kbps link between the two XCs 106 and 108. Alternatively, the connection may be built into an open interface standard such as the Motorola proposed "A+ interface" or other communication protocol standards such as IS-41 (published by the Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA), 2001 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C20006), by using the MSC 112 or 122 to route to the other XC 108. These connections at the MSC 112 or 122 could be nailed or a packet scheme may be used.
• the DXCDR during the CARE link process monitors the STRAU information at its selector, while also monitoring STRAU framing. It reads the data from the BTS and immediately writes the data towards the SXCDR as long as the in-band control bit within the STRAU framing is set active for bypass mode.
• the SXCDR maintains active control of the traffic channel until the MM 114 orders it to pass control to the DXCDR, which occurs when the subscriber unit moves singularly into the new XC 108 region coverage area. Active control means that a XCDR performs selecting, transcoding, and subscriber unit call processing.
• the SXCDR always passes active control of the traffic channel over to the DXCDR in the same known state.
• the SXCDR continues the voice decoding while the DXCDR starts for synchronization purposes.
• the MSC 112 or 122 which is functioning in three party conference mode, must also know if its resources are in SHO in order to determine blocking.
• FIGs. 3 and 4 depicting the messaging necessary for adding and dropping BTS's across regional entities. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these procedures also may be extended to scenarios involving handoffs to more separated equipment, i.e., a different MM as well as other XCs.
• FIG. 3 a communication flow diagram for adding a handoff setup is shown.
• MS subscriber unit or mobile station
• PSMM Pilot Strength Measurement Message
• the MM sets up a CARE link between the SXCDR and the DXCDR.
• This CARE link is confirmed by the generic processor (GPROC) at each transcoder rack.
• the MM requests a three party conference from the MSC or switch (SW) entity to smooth out the audio quality of the call being handed off. The SW acknowledges this request.
• the MM sends a SHO bypass request to the DXCDR on the CARE link.
• This SHO bypass request is acknowledged by the DXCDR on the CARE link .
• the MM also requests a HO channel (i.e., a radio channel) to be assigned by the destination transmitter/receiver (DXCVR) apparatus.
• a HO channel i.e., a radio channel
• the DXCVR acknowledges the assignment of a communication resource (i.e., radio channel). Once all of this is completed, the MM initiates handoff at the SXCDR.
• the SXCDR begins to transmit the subscriber communication information on the CARE link to the DXCDR as well as monitor the subscriber communication information itself.
• the SXCDR then sends a handoff direction message to the MS.
• the MS When the MS is acquired by the DXCVR, the MS sends a handoff completion message to the SXCDR. Once the SXCDR receives the handoff complete message, the SXCDR notifies the MM that the HO was successful.
• the MS is in a SHO state and is communicating with both the SXCDR and the DXCDR as well as the SXCVR and the DXCVR.
• FIG. 4 a communication flow diagram for a dropping handoff setup is shown.
• the MS sends a PSMM to the SXCDR which indicates that the source BTS has a pilot signal strength below a predetermined threshold. If the pilot signal strength remains below the predetermined threshold for a set time period (at the expiration of a timer), then the SXCDR sends a drop SHO request to the MM. The MM then sends a vocoder/control release message to the SXCDR.
• the SXCDR sends in the CARE link a start vocoding and communication controlling message to the DXCDR.
• This can be accomplished by the SXCDR with in-band signaling in the STRAU for a synchronized swap of XCDR control.
• the DXCDR acknowledges swapping of the control to the SXCDR.
• the SXCDR notifies the MM that SHO Control has begun by the DXCDR and requests that SHO control be released at the MM from the SXCDR.
• the SXCDR preferably will send a mute audio signal to the SW to smooth any possible audio hole created by a transcoder handoff.
• the MM sends a HO direction message to the DXCDR which passes the message to the MS.
• the MS responds with a confirmation of the HO to the DXCDR and the DXCDR passes the HO successful message to the MM.
• the SXCDR releases the radio channel at the SXCVR.
• the MM releases the three party conference circuit at the SW. The SW acknowledges the release of the three party conference.
• the MM places the SXCDR in standby mode which is confirmed by the SXCDR which completes the dropping of the SXCDR from the SHO communication state.
• SHO may be extended by connecting BTS's which are near transcoder seams to two XC sub ⁇ systems (e.g., XC 108 and 132).
• Soft handoff between BTS 126 and BTS 134 can be accomplished through the use of CARE signaling techniques. Normally, a handoff between BTS 126 and BTS 134 would be required to be a hard handoff (i.e., without communication between transcoders). But, with this configuration, since BTS 126 and BTS 134 are both connected to XC-C 132 by dedicated spans 128 and 136, respectively, a soft handoff can occur between these cells. It can employ the same CARE signaling with the slightly different physical linking scheme. This scheme minimizes the bypass mode bandwidth requirement during CARE signaling at the expense of having redundant dedicated spans 128 and 130 to multiple transcoders per BTS.
• a radio communication system (shown in FIG. 1 preferably includes a first 106 and a second 108 transcoder which are operatively coupled to a first 116 and a second 118 base site communication unit, respectively.
• a mobile communication unit (not shown) which is operating in the system requests to enter soft handoff mode with the first 116 and the second 118 base site communication units.
• a method for performing the soft handoff is provided which includes establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the second base site 118 and the second transcoder 108.
• the second transcoder 108 is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that the second transcoder 108 relays information on the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control- Link between the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder.
• the second transcoder 108 synchronizes the CARE- Link to the transcoder-base site interface link such that a lower delay occurs for communications relayed between the two links.
• the first transcoder 106 is configured to operate in soft handoff mode by relaying information on the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE- Control-Link.
• the second transcoder 108 can only operate in the bypass mode to relay information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link and monitor control messages on the CARE-Control-Link between the first transcoder 106 and the second transcoder 108.
• control information is passed to the second transcoder 108 which indicates that the second transcoder 108 should take over communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the first base site 116 should be eliminated.
• the second transcoder 108 monitors a communication link for subsequent control information.
• the particular communication link which is monitored may be the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, or the transcoder-base site interface link.
• the second transcoder 108 takes control of the communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder 108 receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
• This step of taking control may also include configuring the first transcoder 106 to operate in a bypass mode such that the first transcoder 106 relays information on a transcoder-base site interface link between the first base site 116 and the first transcoder 106 through the CARE-Link as well as setting up the first transcoder to monitor the CARE-Control-Link for subsequent control signals.
• This monitoring may consist of either detecting a change in the content of the control information or waiting for a time out event.
• the step of taking control may include the second transcoder 108 acknowledging on the CARE-Control-Link it's having taken control of the communications with the mobile communication unit. At the same time, the first transcoder 106 may be released from communications with the mobile communication unit.
• the second transcoder 108 switches transcoding operations to another transcoder capable of encoding and decoding voice information.
• the transcoder operation handoff may be aborted by passing control information to the second transcoder 108 which indicates that the second transcoder 108 should terminate communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the second base site 118 should be eliminated.
• the second transcoder 108 monitors a communication link for control information. The particular communication link which is monitored may be the CARE-Link, CARE- Control-Link, or the transcoder-base site interface link.
• the second transcoder 108 is released from communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder 108 receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
• the logical connection may be formed by an operative coupling between at least two of the following system entities including: the first transcoder 106, the second transcoder 108, a first mobility manager 114, a second mobility manager 120, a first base site controller 116, a second base site controller 118, a first communication network switch 112, a second communication network switch 122, a location register, and a public switched telephone network 124.
• the SHO may include enabling a three party conference circuit operatively coupled to pulse code modulated information signals associated with the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder, respectively, as well as at least one communication network switch 112.
• an audio mute should be provided to the three party conference circuit during the call handoff to reduce spurious audio noises in the call.
• a linked-communication mode of a handoff between regional entities is specifically described, the principles contained herein may be readily applied to other linked-communications including diversity combining and communication link encryption without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
• the network device operations have been described in the context of a transcoder hando ' ff operation.
• the present invention teachings can be readily adapted for use with other types of network device operations such as diversity combining and communication link encryption processes.
• the source and target network devices may be devices other than a transcoder such as a mobility manager, a base site controller, a communication network switch, or a location register.
• the radio communication channel could alternatively be an electronic data bus, wireline, optical fiber link, satellite link, or any other type of communication channel.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-10-31 AU AU12538/95A patent/AU1253895A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-10-31 CN CN94191078A patent/CN1051430C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-10-31 BR BR9405716A patent/BR9405716A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-10-31 JP JP7515601A patent/JPH08506472A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-10-31 EP EP95903509A patent/EP0682846A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-10-31 KR KR1019950703162A patent/KR100188984B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-10-31 CA CA002153327A patent/CA2153327A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-10-31 WO PCT/US1994/012419 patent/WO1995015665A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1995
  • 1995-08-02 FI FI953692A patent/FI953692A0/fi unknown

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