CA2153327A1 - Communication across regional entities - Google Patents
Communication across regional entitiesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2153327A1 CA2153327A1 CA002153327A CA2153327A CA2153327A1 CA 2153327 A1 CA2153327 A1 CA 2153327A1 CA 002153327 A CA002153327 A CA 002153327A CA 2153327 A CA2153327 A CA 2153327A CA 2153327 A1 CA2153327 A1 CA 2153327A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004271 bone marrow stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ZYHMJXZULPZUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N propargite Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OC1C(OS(=O)OCC#C)CCCC1 ZYHMJXZULPZUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
- H04W88/181—Transcoding devices; Rate adaptation devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/12—Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A method and apparatus is provided for use in a radio communication system having a first and second base site communication unit (116, 118) operatively coupled to a first and second transcoder (106, 108), respectively. This system also includes a mobile communication unit which is requesting to enter a linked-communication mode with the first and second base site units. In order to perform a linked-communication, a transcoder-base site interface link is established between the second base site and the second transcoder. In addition, the second transcoder is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that it relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a communication across regional entity (CARE)-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first and second transcoder. Finally, the first transcoder is configured to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information within the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
Description
W O 95/15665 ^ PCTrUS94112419 COMMUNICATION ACROSS REGIONAL ENTITIES
Related Inventions The present invention is related to the following invention which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Method and 10 Apparatus for Passing Network Device Operations Between Network Devices by Bonta having U.S. Serial No. 08/123,61~, and filed on September 17, 1993.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to communication systems having a plurality of transcoders and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for communication across regional entities in a communication system.
Background of the Invention The following description is directed for use in a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) communication system. One 25 such DS-CDMA system is described in the communication standard WO 95/15665 PCT/llS94/12419 ~153327 known as IS-95 or"Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System" as well as IS-96 or "Speech Service Option Standard For Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Cellular System" and published by the Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA), 2001 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the principles taught herein can readily be extended to other types of communication systems including but not limited to frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) communication systems.
Referring now to FIG. 2, because DS-CDMA cellular communication system equipment typically has an inherent limit on the number of communication channels that can be supported by each transcoder/selection system entity (XC), seams 200 form between the cells (e.g., cell 1 and cell 4) supported by different regional transcoder/selection entities (e.g., XC system A 106 and B 108, respectively). Each transcoder/selection entity exchanges speech information with voice coding devices (i.e., vocoders) and other communication network devices higher up in the system hierarchy (e.g., a mobile switching centers (MSC) or the public switched telephone network (PSTN)). In addition, each transcoder/selection entity eliminates copies (by discarding or combining) of frames of voice traffic information. Copies may exisf at the transcoder/selection entity, because a frame may have traveled along two or more signaling paths through a cellular infrastructure before reaching the transcoder. Each transcoder/selection entity also notifies vocoders of bad or missing frames (e.g., due to a signaling blank and burst operation). Finally, each transcoder may also duplicate frames for simultaneous transmission to multiple base transceiver stations (BTS).
One method to handoff across the seam 200 utilizes a hard handoff instead of soft handoff (i.e., the soft handoff technique described in IS-95). In a hard handoff, a mobile communication unit is instructed to change to a completely new set of pilot channels which implies that no diversity selection function can be accomplished during the transition from the old transcoder/selection entity to the new one.
However, it is desirable to perform a soft handoff across the seam. Soft handoff (SHO) maintains the benefits of a smooth transition WO 95/15665 ~1 ~ 3 327 PCT/US94/12419 even while passing operations across the seam 200 between a source to target transcoder/selection regional entity. These benefits include providing potential signal receiver gains by adding diversity paths. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the source and target 5 transcoder may be located proximate one another in a central site location scheme or remotely located from one another in a distributed site location scheme. Whenever a transition is made (i.e., the source cell drops out of a soft handoff connection), "ownership" of the call is passed on to one of the target cells' controller (i.e., a link and call 10 managementdevice) and associated transcoding/selection entity. The target cell's controller receiving the ownership then becomes the source cell controller, and makes all subsequent decisions regarding soft handoff until it drops out. Therefore, a need exists for a method implementing such a desirable soft handoff across a transcoder seam 1 5 200.
Summary of the Invention These needs and others are substantially met through provision 20 of a method and apparatus for use in a radio communication system having a first and second base site communication unit operatively coupled to a first and second transcoder, respectively. This system also includes a mobile communication unit which is requesting to enter a linked-communication mode with the first and second base site units. In 25 order to perform a linked-communication, a transcoder-base site interface link is established between the second base site and the second transcoder. In addition, the second transcoder is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that it relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a Communication Across 30 Regional Entity Link (CARE-Link) in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first and second transcoder. Finally, the first transcoder is configured to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information w.thin the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
W 0 95/15665 `~ ~ 1 5 ~ 3 2 ~ PCT~US94/12419 Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment communication system having several different transcoder device configurations in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cellular coverage diagram for a communication system operating in accordance with any of the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a communication flow diagram for adding a handoff setup in accordance with one preferred embodiment transcoder device configuration shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a communication flow diagram for a dropping a handoff setup in accordance with one preferred embodiment transcoder device configuration shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description Shown in FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment communication system having several different transcoder device configurations in accordance with the present invention. The transcoderlselection entity 100 (i.e., a network device) is a key component to a DS-CDMA system, and as such, infrastructure vendors are all interested in supplying this equipment imbedded in their own system architecture. The architecture consists of having this equipment located between a BTS 110 and an MSC 112 (e.g., transcoder rack 100, 102, or 104). One configuration consists of having the transcoder rack physically located between the BTS 110 and the MSC 112. Another configuration consists of having the transcoder rack physically adjunct to the MSC and providing additional communication links between the transcoder rack and the BTS through the MSC.
Each transcoder (XC) 106 along with a mobility manager (MM) 114 (collectively referred to as the transcoder rack 100) provides an interconnection between other components iFl the communication system. For example, an MSC 112 is located on one side and the BTS's 110 and 116 on the other side of the XC 106. The XC 106 includes Highway Span interfaces, switching functions, shelf controllers, and CDMA unique functions. The interface/controller cards in the XC
WO 95/15665 ~ ~ 5 3 3 2 7 PCT/US94/12419 frame 106 are configured around a time division multiplexed (TDM) bus which carries voice and system message traffic. The heart of the switch fabric is a 4092 port kiloport switch (KSW). Four KSWs can be space switched with kiloport switch extenders (KSWXs). The KSWX supports 5 subrate switching which allows the transcoder/selector 106 to place four sixteen kilo bits per second (16 kbps) encoded channels on one 64 kbps digital span (DS). Fault management information and intra-frame control messages travel on a separate communication application protocol (CAP) bus.
The XC tO6 includes one or more transcoder cards (XCDR card).
Each XCDR card converts 64 kbps ~l-law pulse code modulated (PCM ) signals into encoded voice and vice versa (e.g., this encoded voice may preferably be coded according to IS-96). The XCDR card exchanges encoded voice and PCM with other cards in the transcoder rack 100, i.e., encoded voice to the KSW for routing to the proper BTS and PCM
with an interface card, via the TDM bus (i.e., the backplane). Its primary functions encompass soft handoff (SHO) support (i.e., transcoder selection), voice coding, and message processing to sub-multiplex control message information to a physical layer stream under the MM
direction via a CAP interface.
The Supercell Transcoder/Rate Adaptor Unit (STRAU) produces 20 millisecond (ms) frames which are transferred at a 16 kilobits per second (kbps) rate using a modified RA1 rate adaptation format specified in CCITT V.110 as well as the RA2 rate adaptation format specified in CCITT 1.460 (which is available from Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique Et Telephonique (CCITT) now known as International Telecommunication Union - Telematic Services (ITU-TS), Place des Nations, CH 1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland). The modified RA1 rate adaptation format consists of 320 bits wherein 260 are used for information traffic (13 kbps), 21 (1.05 kbps) for control, 35 (1.75 kbps) for frame synchronization, and four for time alignment.
In the DS-CDMA implementation, a XCDR outputs 160 bits and appends 11 parity check bits. This leaves an excess of 7.45 kbps of the 13 kbps total at these times, while at the low end the excess rises to 12.2 kbps (16 bits out of the XCDR every 20 ms - no parity).
The XCs send these STRAU frames to each BTS through the KSW switch and TDM Bus which then connects them to appropriate WO 95/15665 2 1 ~ 3 3 2 7 PCTtUS94/12419 MSis (multiple Serial Interface Boards) which provide the T1 link(s) to a BTS. For communications originating at the subscriber unit and being received by the BTS (also known as the reverse link), the DS-CDMA
demodulator at the BTS determines the vocoding rate and sends only the number of speech bits corresponding to the determined vocoding rate within the STRAU format. A T1 link carries 24 DSOs, which currently allows for up to ninety-six 16 kbps (compressed speech) links or traffic channels using RA2 multiplexing. In a DS-CDMA system, the frames present on the T1 traveling to the same cell are generally synchronized in time to each other (except during soft handoff), because the cell air interface timing is the same for all the channels.
However, a need exists for a way to coordinate information flow through the XCs 106 and 108 during soft handoff (SHO) in the 16 kbps STRAU links at the boundary locations or seams 200 (shown in FIG. 2).
16 This need is fulfilled by Communication Across Regional Entity (CARE) - links as described below. These CARE links, as shown in phantom line 101, couple two XCs together so that information can readily be transferred between them. It will appreciated by those skilled in the art that these CARE links may be provided through links between the XCs as routed through one or more MSCs 112 and 122, an MM 120, and/or the PSTN 124. Whenever a XCDR is connected to a cell (e.g., cell 1 associated with BTS 116) located near a seam 200, the potential situation exists for a link being required to another XC 108 connected to a neighbor cell (cell 4 associated with BTS 118). If a subscriber unit 2~ reports a strong pilot in a cell (e.g., cell 4) across the seam 200, then the XCs 106 and 108 coordinate and arbitrate the soft handoff across their CARE link boundary using a segmented XCDR configuration. The XCDR may eventually be handed over to another resource more local to the subscriber current location. CARE links use STRAU to frame the data for communication between XC's and a CAP interface for communication to the higher (MM) entity.
The source XCDR (SXCDR) associated with BTS 116 in XC
system 106 terminates the traffic channel while in SHO. The destination XCDR (DXCDR) associated with BTS 118 in XC 108 routes 3~ the physical link that it receives from its BTS through a CARE link to the SXCDR in a bypass mode. In parallel, the DXCDR determines proper time adjustment in preparation for assuming responsibility if the WO 95/15665 215 3 3 2 7 PCT/US94tl2419 subscriber unit moves entirely into its cell. The SXCDR transmits the voice and adjusts its transcoding window for proper delay minimization using feedback through the STRAU from the BTS 118. The selector to the DXCDR informs the destination transcoder to time adjust its window 5 by monitoring the time alignment information in the STRAU from the BTS 118. In CARE links, added delay occurs for the other, passive XCDR, path which routes STRAU in a bypass mode. If the MSC 112 or 122 is employed to route STRAU between the XC's 106 and 108, then additional delay may be added to the CARE link. Therefore, any slight 10 discrepancy in the second BTS Span time must be accommodated.
This is preferably done at the SXCDR and is automatically controlled by a feedback time alignment protocol. The added delay results in the SXCDR advancing its transmission to its BTS's.
Since the MSC may be set up in a three party conference circuit 15 configuration, the vocoder chip must be programmed to send muted PCM speech frames. The selecting function on the two links during SHO is performed at the SXCDR. Physically the sub-systems may be connected with a 1.544 kbps link between the two XC's 106 and 108.
Alternatively, the connection may be built into an open interface 20 standard such as the Motorola proposed "A+ interface" or other communication protocol standards such as IS-41 (published by the Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA), 2001 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.~20006), by using the MSC 112 or 122 to route to the other XC 108. These connections at the MSC 112 or 122 25 could be nailed or a packet scheme may be used.
The DXCDR during the CARE link process monitors the STRAU
information at its selector, while also monitoring STRAU framing. It reads the data from the BTS and immediately writes the data towards the SXCDR as long as the in-band control bit within the STRAU framing 30 is set active for bypass mode. The SXCDR maintains active control of the traffic channel until the MM 114 orders it to pass control to the DXCDR, which occurs when the subscriber unit moves singularly into the new XC 108 region coverage area. Active control means that a XCDR performs selecting, transcoding, and subscriber unit call 3~ processing. The SXCDR always passes active control of the traffic channel over to the DXCDR in the same known state. The SXCDR
continues the voice decoding while the DXCDR starts for W O 9S/15665 2 ~ 5 ~ 3 ~ 7 PCTrUS94/12419 synchronization purposes. The MSC 112 or 122, which is functioning in three party conference mode, must also know if its resources are in SHO in order to determine blocking.
A typical call flow diagram is shown in FlGs. 3 and 4 depicting the 5 messaging necessary for adding and dropping BTS's across regional entities. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these procedures also may be extended to scenarios involving handoffs to more separated equipment, i.e., a different MM as well as other XCs.
Referring now more particularly to FIG. 3, a communication flow 10 diagram for adding a handoff setup is shown. A subscriber unit or mobile station (MS) sends a Pilot Strength Measurement Message (PSMM) to the BTS which passed the PSMM to the SXCDR. If the PSMM indicates that another BTS pilot signal is greater than a predetermined threshold, then a HO is recognized and indicated to the 15 MM. The MM sets up a CARE link between the SXCDR and the DXCDR. This CARE link is confirmed by the generic processor (GPROC) at each transcoder rack. In addition, the MM requests a three party conference from the MSC or switch (SW) entity to smooth out the audio quality of the call being handed off. The SW acknowledges this 20 request. Subsequently, the MM sends a SHO bypass request to the DXCDR on the CARE link. This SHO bypass request is acknowledged by the DXCDR on the CARE link . At the same time or any time thereafter, the MM also requests a HO channel (i.e., a radio channel) to be assigned by the destination transmitter/receiver (DXCVR) apparatus.
25 The DXCVR acknowl~dges the assignment of a communication resource (i.e., radio channel). Once all of this is completed, the MM
initiates handoff at the SXCDR. The SXCDR begins to transmit the subscriber communication information on the CARE link to the DXCDR
as well as monitor the subscriber communication information itself. The 30 SXCDR then sends a handoff direction message to the MS. When the MS is acquired by the DXCVR, the MS sends a handoff completion message to the SXCDR. Once the SXCDR receives the handoff complete message, the SXCDR notifies the MM that the HO was successful. At this point, the MS is in a SHO state and is communicating 35 with both the SXCDR and the DXCDR as well as the SXCVR and the DXCVR.
WO 95/15665 2 ¦ 5 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US94/12419 g Referring now more pa~ticularly to FIG. 4, a communication flow diagram for a dropping handoff setup is shown. The MS sends a PSMM
to the SXCDR which indicates that the source BTS has a pilot signal strength below a predetermined threshold. If the pilot signal strength 5 remains below the predetermined threshold for a set time period (at the expiration of a timer), then the SXCDR sends a drop SHO request to the MM. The MM then sends a vocoder/control release message to the SXCDR. Subsequently, the SXCDR sends in the CARE link a start vocoding and communication controlling message to the DXCDR. This 10 can be accomplished by the SXCDR with in-band signaling in the STRAU for a synchronized swap of XCDR control. The DXCDR
acknowledges swapping of the control to the SXCDR. As a result, the SXCDR notifies the MM that SHO Control has begun by the DXCDR and requests that SHO control be released at the MM from the SXCDR. In 15 addition, the SXCDR preferably will send a mute audio signal to the SW
to smooth any possible audio hole created by a transcoder handoff.
Subsequently, the MM sends a HO direction message to the DXCDR
which passes the message to the MS. The MS responds with a confirmation of the HO to the DXCDR and the DXCDR passes the HO
20 successful message to the MM. At approximately the same time, the SXCDR releases the radio channel at the SXCVR. In addition, the MM
releases the three party conference circuit at the SW. The SW
acknowledges the release of the three party conference. The MM then places the SXCDR in standby mode which is confirmed by the SXCDR
25 which completes the dropping of the SXCDR from the SHO
communication state.
In an alternative preferred embodiment, SHO may be extended by connecting BTS's which are near transcoder seams to two XC sub-systems (e.g., XC 108 and 132). Soft handoff between BTS 126 and 30 BTS 134 can be accomplished through the use of CARE signaling techniques. Normally, a handoff between BTS 126 and BTS 134 would be required to be a hard handoff (i.e., without communication between transcoders). But, with this configuration, since BTS 126 and BTS 134 are both connected to XC-C 132 by dedicated spans 128 35 and 136, respectively, a soft handoff can occur between these cells. It can employ the same CARE signaling with the slightly different physical linking scheme. This scheme minimizes the bypass mode bandwidth WO 95/1~665 Z 1 ~ 3 ~ 2 PCT/US94/12419 requirement during CARE signaling at the expense of having redundant dedicated spans 128 and 130 to multiple transcoders per BTS.
The principles described herein can be summarized as follows.
A radio communication system (shown in FIG. 1 preferably includes a first 106 and a second 108 transcoder which are operatively coupled to a first 116 and a second 118 base site communication unit, respectively. In addition, a mobile communication unit (not shown) which is operating in the system requests to enter soft handoff mode with the first 116 and the second 118 base site communication units. A
method for performing the soft handoff is provided which includes establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the second base site 118 and the second transcoder 108. In addition, the second transcoder 108 is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that the second transcoder 108 relays information on the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder. In the preferred embodiment, the second transcoder 108 synchronizes the CARE- Link to the transcoder-base site interface link such that a lower delay occurs for communications relayed between the two links. Finally, the first transcoder 106 is configured to operate in soft handoff mode by relaying information on the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link. In an alternative embodiment, the second transcoder 108 can only operate in the bypas's mode to relay information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link and monitor control messages on the CARE-Control-Link between the first transcoder 106 and the second transcoder 108.
To achieve a transcoder operation handoff (i.e. a SHO), control information is passed to the second transcoder 108 which indicates that the second transcoder 108 should take over communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the first base site 116 should be eliminated. The second transcoder 108 monitors a communication link for subsequent control information. The particular communication link which is monitored may be the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, or the transcoder-base site interface link. Finally, the second transcoder 108 takes control of the communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder 108 receiving control information W 0 95/15665 2 15 3 3 ~ ~ PCTrUS94/12419 in the monitored communication link. This step of taking control may also include configuring the first transcoder 106 to operate in a bypass mode such that the first transcoder 106 relays information on a transcoder-base site interface link between the first base site 116 and 5 the first transcoder 106 through the CARE-Link as well as setting up the first transcoder to monitor the CARE-Control-Link for subsequent control signals. This monitoring may consist of either detecting a change in the content of the control information or waiting for a time out event. Further the step of taking control may include the second transcoder 108 10 acknowledging on the CARE-Control-Link it's having taken control of the communications with the mobile communication unit. At the same time, the first transcoder 106 may be released from communications with the mobile communication unit.
In the alternative embodiment, the second transcoder 108 1~ switches transcoding operations to another transcoder capable of encoding and decoding voice information.
Alternatively, the transcoder operation handoff may be aborted by passing control information to the second transcoder 108 which indicates that the second transcoder 108 should terminate 20 communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the second base site 118 should be eliminated. In addition, the second transcoder 108 monitors a communication link for contfol information. The particular communication link which is monitored may be the CARE-Link, CARE-25 Control-Link, or the transcoder-base site interface link. Finally, the second transcoder 108 is released from communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder 108 receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these steps of 30 passing transcoder operations are accomplished through the CARE-Link and the CARE-Control-Link which each comprise a logical connection between the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder. The logical connection may be formed by an operative coupling between at least two of the following system entities including: the first transcoder 3~ 106, the second transcoder 108, a first mobility manager 114, a second mobility manager 120, a first base site controller 116, a second base site controller 118, a first communication network switch 112, a WO 95/15665 ~ 7 PCT/US94/12419 second communication network switch 122, a location register, and a public switched telephone network 124.
Also, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the SHO
may include enabling a three party conference circuit operatively 5 coupled to pulse code modulated information signals associated with the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder, respectively, as well as at least one communication network switch 112. Along with this enabling step, an audio mute should be provided to the three party conference circuit during the call handoff to reduce spurious audio noises in the call.
Further, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, although a linked-communication mode of a handoff between regional entities is specifically described, the principles contained herein may be readily applied to other linked-communications including diversity combining and communication link encryption without departing from 15 the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of embodiments has been made by way of example only and that numerous changes in the arrangement and combination of parts as 20 well as steps may be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. For example, the network device operations have been described in the context of a transcoder hando~ff operation. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention 25 teachings can be readily adapted for use with other types of network device operations such as diversity combining and communication link encryption processes. In addition, the source and target network devices may be devices other than a transcoder such as a mobility manager, a base site controller, a communication network switch, or a 30 location register. Finally, the radio communication channel could alternatively be an electronic data bus, wireline, optical fiber link, satellite link, or any other type of communication channel.
Related Inventions The present invention is related to the following invention which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Method and 10 Apparatus for Passing Network Device Operations Between Network Devices by Bonta having U.S. Serial No. 08/123,61~, and filed on September 17, 1993.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to communication systems having a plurality of transcoders and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for communication across regional entities in a communication system.
Background of the Invention The following description is directed for use in a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) communication system. One 25 such DS-CDMA system is described in the communication standard WO 95/15665 PCT/llS94/12419 ~153327 known as IS-95 or"Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System" as well as IS-96 or "Speech Service Option Standard For Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Cellular System" and published by the Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA), 2001 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the principles taught herein can readily be extended to other types of communication systems including but not limited to frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) communication systems.
Referring now to FIG. 2, because DS-CDMA cellular communication system equipment typically has an inherent limit on the number of communication channels that can be supported by each transcoder/selection system entity (XC), seams 200 form between the cells (e.g., cell 1 and cell 4) supported by different regional transcoder/selection entities (e.g., XC system A 106 and B 108, respectively). Each transcoder/selection entity exchanges speech information with voice coding devices (i.e., vocoders) and other communication network devices higher up in the system hierarchy (e.g., a mobile switching centers (MSC) or the public switched telephone network (PSTN)). In addition, each transcoder/selection entity eliminates copies (by discarding or combining) of frames of voice traffic information. Copies may exisf at the transcoder/selection entity, because a frame may have traveled along two or more signaling paths through a cellular infrastructure before reaching the transcoder. Each transcoder/selection entity also notifies vocoders of bad or missing frames (e.g., due to a signaling blank and burst operation). Finally, each transcoder may also duplicate frames for simultaneous transmission to multiple base transceiver stations (BTS).
One method to handoff across the seam 200 utilizes a hard handoff instead of soft handoff (i.e., the soft handoff technique described in IS-95). In a hard handoff, a mobile communication unit is instructed to change to a completely new set of pilot channels which implies that no diversity selection function can be accomplished during the transition from the old transcoder/selection entity to the new one.
However, it is desirable to perform a soft handoff across the seam. Soft handoff (SHO) maintains the benefits of a smooth transition WO 95/15665 ~1 ~ 3 327 PCT/US94/12419 even while passing operations across the seam 200 between a source to target transcoder/selection regional entity. These benefits include providing potential signal receiver gains by adding diversity paths. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the source and target 5 transcoder may be located proximate one another in a central site location scheme or remotely located from one another in a distributed site location scheme. Whenever a transition is made (i.e., the source cell drops out of a soft handoff connection), "ownership" of the call is passed on to one of the target cells' controller (i.e., a link and call 10 managementdevice) and associated transcoding/selection entity. The target cell's controller receiving the ownership then becomes the source cell controller, and makes all subsequent decisions regarding soft handoff until it drops out. Therefore, a need exists for a method implementing such a desirable soft handoff across a transcoder seam 1 5 200.
Summary of the Invention These needs and others are substantially met through provision 20 of a method and apparatus for use in a radio communication system having a first and second base site communication unit operatively coupled to a first and second transcoder, respectively. This system also includes a mobile communication unit which is requesting to enter a linked-communication mode with the first and second base site units. In 25 order to perform a linked-communication, a transcoder-base site interface link is established between the second base site and the second transcoder. In addition, the second transcoder is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that it relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a Communication Across 30 Regional Entity Link (CARE-Link) in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first and second transcoder. Finally, the first transcoder is configured to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information w.thin the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
W 0 95/15665 `~ ~ 1 5 ~ 3 2 ~ PCT~US94/12419 Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment communication system having several different transcoder device configurations in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cellular coverage diagram for a communication system operating in accordance with any of the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a communication flow diagram for adding a handoff setup in accordance with one preferred embodiment transcoder device configuration shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a communication flow diagram for a dropping a handoff setup in accordance with one preferred embodiment transcoder device configuration shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description Shown in FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment communication system having several different transcoder device configurations in accordance with the present invention. The transcoderlselection entity 100 (i.e., a network device) is a key component to a DS-CDMA system, and as such, infrastructure vendors are all interested in supplying this equipment imbedded in their own system architecture. The architecture consists of having this equipment located between a BTS 110 and an MSC 112 (e.g., transcoder rack 100, 102, or 104). One configuration consists of having the transcoder rack physically located between the BTS 110 and the MSC 112. Another configuration consists of having the transcoder rack physically adjunct to the MSC and providing additional communication links between the transcoder rack and the BTS through the MSC.
Each transcoder (XC) 106 along with a mobility manager (MM) 114 (collectively referred to as the transcoder rack 100) provides an interconnection between other components iFl the communication system. For example, an MSC 112 is located on one side and the BTS's 110 and 116 on the other side of the XC 106. The XC 106 includes Highway Span interfaces, switching functions, shelf controllers, and CDMA unique functions. The interface/controller cards in the XC
WO 95/15665 ~ ~ 5 3 3 2 7 PCT/US94/12419 frame 106 are configured around a time division multiplexed (TDM) bus which carries voice and system message traffic. The heart of the switch fabric is a 4092 port kiloport switch (KSW). Four KSWs can be space switched with kiloport switch extenders (KSWXs). The KSWX supports 5 subrate switching which allows the transcoder/selector 106 to place four sixteen kilo bits per second (16 kbps) encoded channels on one 64 kbps digital span (DS). Fault management information and intra-frame control messages travel on a separate communication application protocol (CAP) bus.
The XC tO6 includes one or more transcoder cards (XCDR card).
Each XCDR card converts 64 kbps ~l-law pulse code modulated (PCM ) signals into encoded voice and vice versa (e.g., this encoded voice may preferably be coded according to IS-96). The XCDR card exchanges encoded voice and PCM with other cards in the transcoder rack 100, i.e., encoded voice to the KSW for routing to the proper BTS and PCM
with an interface card, via the TDM bus (i.e., the backplane). Its primary functions encompass soft handoff (SHO) support (i.e., transcoder selection), voice coding, and message processing to sub-multiplex control message information to a physical layer stream under the MM
direction via a CAP interface.
The Supercell Transcoder/Rate Adaptor Unit (STRAU) produces 20 millisecond (ms) frames which are transferred at a 16 kilobits per second (kbps) rate using a modified RA1 rate adaptation format specified in CCITT V.110 as well as the RA2 rate adaptation format specified in CCITT 1.460 (which is available from Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique Et Telephonique (CCITT) now known as International Telecommunication Union - Telematic Services (ITU-TS), Place des Nations, CH 1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland). The modified RA1 rate adaptation format consists of 320 bits wherein 260 are used for information traffic (13 kbps), 21 (1.05 kbps) for control, 35 (1.75 kbps) for frame synchronization, and four for time alignment.
In the DS-CDMA implementation, a XCDR outputs 160 bits and appends 11 parity check bits. This leaves an excess of 7.45 kbps of the 13 kbps total at these times, while at the low end the excess rises to 12.2 kbps (16 bits out of the XCDR every 20 ms - no parity).
The XCs send these STRAU frames to each BTS through the KSW switch and TDM Bus which then connects them to appropriate WO 95/15665 2 1 ~ 3 3 2 7 PCTtUS94/12419 MSis (multiple Serial Interface Boards) which provide the T1 link(s) to a BTS. For communications originating at the subscriber unit and being received by the BTS (also known as the reverse link), the DS-CDMA
demodulator at the BTS determines the vocoding rate and sends only the number of speech bits corresponding to the determined vocoding rate within the STRAU format. A T1 link carries 24 DSOs, which currently allows for up to ninety-six 16 kbps (compressed speech) links or traffic channels using RA2 multiplexing. In a DS-CDMA system, the frames present on the T1 traveling to the same cell are generally synchronized in time to each other (except during soft handoff), because the cell air interface timing is the same for all the channels.
However, a need exists for a way to coordinate information flow through the XCs 106 and 108 during soft handoff (SHO) in the 16 kbps STRAU links at the boundary locations or seams 200 (shown in FIG. 2).
16 This need is fulfilled by Communication Across Regional Entity (CARE) - links as described below. These CARE links, as shown in phantom line 101, couple two XCs together so that information can readily be transferred between them. It will appreciated by those skilled in the art that these CARE links may be provided through links between the XCs as routed through one or more MSCs 112 and 122, an MM 120, and/or the PSTN 124. Whenever a XCDR is connected to a cell (e.g., cell 1 associated with BTS 116) located near a seam 200, the potential situation exists for a link being required to another XC 108 connected to a neighbor cell (cell 4 associated with BTS 118). If a subscriber unit 2~ reports a strong pilot in a cell (e.g., cell 4) across the seam 200, then the XCs 106 and 108 coordinate and arbitrate the soft handoff across their CARE link boundary using a segmented XCDR configuration. The XCDR may eventually be handed over to another resource more local to the subscriber current location. CARE links use STRAU to frame the data for communication between XC's and a CAP interface for communication to the higher (MM) entity.
The source XCDR (SXCDR) associated with BTS 116 in XC
system 106 terminates the traffic channel while in SHO. The destination XCDR (DXCDR) associated with BTS 118 in XC 108 routes 3~ the physical link that it receives from its BTS through a CARE link to the SXCDR in a bypass mode. In parallel, the DXCDR determines proper time adjustment in preparation for assuming responsibility if the WO 95/15665 215 3 3 2 7 PCT/US94tl2419 subscriber unit moves entirely into its cell. The SXCDR transmits the voice and adjusts its transcoding window for proper delay minimization using feedback through the STRAU from the BTS 118. The selector to the DXCDR informs the destination transcoder to time adjust its window 5 by monitoring the time alignment information in the STRAU from the BTS 118. In CARE links, added delay occurs for the other, passive XCDR, path which routes STRAU in a bypass mode. If the MSC 112 or 122 is employed to route STRAU between the XC's 106 and 108, then additional delay may be added to the CARE link. Therefore, any slight 10 discrepancy in the second BTS Span time must be accommodated.
This is preferably done at the SXCDR and is automatically controlled by a feedback time alignment protocol. The added delay results in the SXCDR advancing its transmission to its BTS's.
Since the MSC may be set up in a three party conference circuit 15 configuration, the vocoder chip must be programmed to send muted PCM speech frames. The selecting function on the two links during SHO is performed at the SXCDR. Physically the sub-systems may be connected with a 1.544 kbps link between the two XC's 106 and 108.
Alternatively, the connection may be built into an open interface 20 standard such as the Motorola proposed "A+ interface" or other communication protocol standards such as IS-41 (published by the Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA), 2001 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.~20006), by using the MSC 112 or 122 to route to the other XC 108. These connections at the MSC 112 or 122 25 could be nailed or a packet scheme may be used.
The DXCDR during the CARE link process monitors the STRAU
information at its selector, while also monitoring STRAU framing. It reads the data from the BTS and immediately writes the data towards the SXCDR as long as the in-band control bit within the STRAU framing 30 is set active for bypass mode. The SXCDR maintains active control of the traffic channel until the MM 114 orders it to pass control to the DXCDR, which occurs when the subscriber unit moves singularly into the new XC 108 region coverage area. Active control means that a XCDR performs selecting, transcoding, and subscriber unit call 3~ processing. The SXCDR always passes active control of the traffic channel over to the DXCDR in the same known state. The SXCDR
continues the voice decoding while the DXCDR starts for W O 9S/15665 2 ~ 5 ~ 3 ~ 7 PCTrUS94/12419 synchronization purposes. The MSC 112 or 122, which is functioning in three party conference mode, must also know if its resources are in SHO in order to determine blocking.
A typical call flow diagram is shown in FlGs. 3 and 4 depicting the 5 messaging necessary for adding and dropping BTS's across regional entities. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these procedures also may be extended to scenarios involving handoffs to more separated equipment, i.e., a different MM as well as other XCs.
Referring now more particularly to FIG. 3, a communication flow 10 diagram for adding a handoff setup is shown. A subscriber unit or mobile station (MS) sends a Pilot Strength Measurement Message (PSMM) to the BTS which passed the PSMM to the SXCDR. If the PSMM indicates that another BTS pilot signal is greater than a predetermined threshold, then a HO is recognized and indicated to the 15 MM. The MM sets up a CARE link between the SXCDR and the DXCDR. This CARE link is confirmed by the generic processor (GPROC) at each transcoder rack. In addition, the MM requests a three party conference from the MSC or switch (SW) entity to smooth out the audio quality of the call being handed off. The SW acknowledges this 20 request. Subsequently, the MM sends a SHO bypass request to the DXCDR on the CARE link. This SHO bypass request is acknowledged by the DXCDR on the CARE link . At the same time or any time thereafter, the MM also requests a HO channel (i.e., a radio channel) to be assigned by the destination transmitter/receiver (DXCVR) apparatus.
25 The DXCVR acknowl~dges the assignment of a communication resource (i.e., radio channel). Once all of this is completed, the MM
initiates handoff at the SXCDR. The SXCDR begins to transmit the subscriber communication information on the CARE link to the DXCDR
as well as monitor the subscriber communication information itself. The 30 SXCDR then sends a handoff direction message to the MS. When the MS is acquired by the DXCVR, the MS sends a handoff completion message to the SXCDR. Once the SXCDR receives the handoff complete message, the SXCDR notifies the MM that the HO was successful. At this point, the MS is in a SHO state and is communicating 35 with both the SXCDR and the DXCDR as well as the SXCVR and the DXCVR.
WO 95/15665 2 ¦ 5 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US94/12419 g Referring now more pa~ticularly to FIG. 4, a communication flow diagram for a dropping handoff setup is shown. The MS sends a PSMM
to the SXCDR which indicates that the source BTS has a pilot signal strength below a predetermined threshold. If the pilot signal strength 5 remains below the predetermined threshold for a set time period (at the expiration of a timer), then the SXCDR sends a drop SHO request to the MM. The MM then sends a vocoder/control release message to the SXCDR. Subsequently, the SXCDR sends in the CARE link a start vocoding and communication controlling message to the DXCDR. This 10 can be accomplished by the SXCDR with in-band signaling in the STRAU for a synchronized swap of XCDR control. The DXCDR
acknowledges swapping of the control to the SXCDR. As a result, the SXCDR notifies the MM that SHO Control has begun by the DXCDR and requests that SHO control be released at the MM from the SXCDR. In 15 addition, the SXCDR preferably will send a mute audio signal to the SW
to smooth any possible audio hole created by a transcoder handoff.
Subsequently, the MM sends a HO direction message to the DXCDR
which passes the message to the MS. The MS responds with a confirmation of the HO to the DXCDR and the DXCDR passes the HO
20 successful message to the MM. At approximately the same time, the SXCDR releases the radio channel at the SXCVR. In addition, the MM
releases the three party conference circuit at the SW. The SW
acknowledges the release of the three party conference. The MM then places the SXCDR in standby mode which is confirmed by the SXCDR
25 which completes the dropping of the SXCDR from the SHO
communication state.
In an alternative preferred embodiment, SHO may be extended by connecting BTS's which are near transcoder seams to two XC sub-systems (e.g., XC 108 and 132). Soft handoff between BTS 126 and 30 BTS 134 can be accomplished through the use of CARE signaling techniques. Normally, a handoff between BTS 126 and BTS 134 would be required to be a hard handoff (i.e., without communication between transcoders). But, with this configuration, since BTS 126 and BTS 134 are both connected to XC-C 132 by dedicated spans 128 35 and 136, respectively, a soft handoff can occur between these cells. It can employ the same CARE signaling with the slightly different physical linking scheme. This scheme minimizes the bypass mode bandwidth WO 95/1~665 Z 1 ~ 3 ~ 2 PCT/US94/12419 requirement during CARE signaling at the expense of having redundant dedicated spans 128 and 130 to multiple transcoders per BTS.
The principles described herein can be summarized as follows.
A radio communication system (shown in FIG. 1 preferably includes a first 106 and a second 108 transcoder which are operatively coupled to a first 116 and a second 118 base site communication unit, respectively. In addition, a mobile communication unit (not shown) which is operating in the system requests to enter soft handoff mode with the first 116 and the second 118 base site communication units. A
method for performing the soft handoff is provided which includes establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the second base site 118 and the second transcoder 108. In addition, the second transcoder 108 is configured to operate in a bypass mode such that the second transcoder 108 relays information on the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder. In the preferred embodiment, the second transcoder 108 synchronizes the CARE- Link to the transcoder-base site interface link such that a lower delay occurs for communications relayed between the two links. Finally, the first transcoder 106 is configured to operate in soft handoff mode by relaying information on the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link. In an alternative embodiment, the second transcoder 108 can only operate in the bypas's mode to relay information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link and monitor control messages on the CARE-Control-Link between the first transcoder 106 and the second transcoder 108.
To achieve a transcoder operation handoff (i.e. a SHO), control information is passed to the second transcoder 108 which indicates that the second transcoder 108 should take over communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the first base site 116 should be eliminated. The second transcoder 108 monitors a communication link for subsequent control information. The particular communication link which is monitored may be the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, or the transcoder-base site interface link. Finally, the second transcoder 108 takes control of the communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder 108 receiving control information W 0 95/15665 2 15 3 3 ~ ~ PCTrUS94/12419 in the monitored communication link. This step of taking control may also include configuring the first transcoder 106 to operate in a bypass mode such that the first transcoder 106 relays information on a transcoder-base site interface link between the first base site 116 and 5 the first transcoder 106 through the CARE-Link as well as setting up the first transcoder to monitor the CARE-Control-Link for subsequent control signals. This monitoring may consist of either detecting a change in the content of the control information or waiting for a time out event. Further the step of taking control may include the second transcoder 108 10 acknowledging on the CARE-Control-Link it's having taken control of the communications with the mobile communication unit. At the same time, the first transcoder 106 may be released from communications with the mobile communication unit.
In the alternative embodiment, the second transcoder 108 1~ switches transcoding operations to another transcoder capable of encoding and decoding voice information.
Alternatively, the transcoder operation handoff may be aborted by passing control information to the second transcoder 108 which indicates that the second transcoder 108 should terminate 20 communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the second base site 118 should be eliminated. In addition, the second transcoder 108 monitors a communication link for contfol information. The particular communication link which is monitored may be the CARE-Link, CARE-25 Control-Link, or the transcoder-base site interface link. Finally, the second transcoder 108 is released from communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder 108 receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these steps of 30 passing transcoder operations are accomplished through the CARE-Link and the CARE-Control-Link which each comprise a logical connection between the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder. The logical connection may be formed by an operative coupling between at least two of the following system entities including: the first transcoder 3~ 106, the second transcoder 108, a first mobility manager 114, a second mobility manager 120, a first base site controller 116, a second base site controller 118, a first communication network switch 112, a WO 95/15665 ~ 7 PCT/US94/12419 second communication network switch 122, a location register, and a public switched telephone network 124.
Also, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the SHO
may include enabling a three party conference circuit operatively 5 coupled to pulse code modulated information signals associated with the first 106 and the second 108 transcoder, respectively, as well as at least one communication network switch 112. Along with this enabling step, an audio mute should be provided to the three party conference circuit during the call handoff to reduce spurious audio noises in the call.
Further, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, although a linked-communication mode of a handoff between regional entities is specifically described, the principles contained herein may be readily applied to other linked-communications including diversity combining and communication link encryption without departing from 15 the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of embodiments has been made by way of example only and that numerous changes in the arrangement and combination of parts as 20 well as steps may be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. For example, the network device operations have been described in the context of a transcoder hando~ff operation. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention 25 teachings can be readily adapted for use with other types of network device operations such as diversity combining and communication link encryption processes. In addition, the source and target network devices may be devices other than a transcoder such as a mobility manager, a base site controller, a communication network switch, or a 30 location register. Finally, the radio communication channel could alternatively be an electronic data bus, wireline, optical fiber link, satellite link, or any other type of communication channel.
Claims (11)
1. In a radio communication system having a first and a second transcoder, a first and a second base site communication unit operatively coupled to the first and the second transcoder, respectively, and a mobile communication unit requesting to enter a linked-communication mode with the first and the second base site communication units, a method for performing a linked-communication, comprising:
(a) establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the second base site and the second transcoder at the second transcoder;
(b) configuring the second transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the second transcoder relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a communication across regional entity (CARE)-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first and the second transcoder; and (c) configuring the first transcoder to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information within the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
(a) establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the second base site and the second transcoder at the second transcoder;
(b) configuring the second transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the second transcoder relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a communication across regional entity (CARE)-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the first and the second transcoder; and (c) configuring the first transcoder to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information within the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of synchronizing the CARE-Link to an established transcoder-base site interface link between the first base site and the first transcoder.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
(a) passing control information to the second transcoder which indicates that the second transcoder should take over communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the first base site should be eliminated;
(b) monitoring a communication link at the second transcoder for control information, the communication link being selected from the group consisting of the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, and the transcoder-base site interface link; and (c) taking control of the communications with the mobile communication unit in the second transcoder, in response to the second transcoder receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
(a) passing control information to the second transcoder which indicates that the second transcoder should take over communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the first base site should be eliminated;
(b) monitoring a communication link at the second transcoder for control information, the communication link being selected from the group consisting of the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, and the transcoder-base site interface link; and (c) taking control of the communications with the mobile communication unit in the second transcoder, in response to the second transcoder receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein handoff mode comprises configuring the first transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the first transcoder relays information on a transcoder-base site interface link between the first base site and the first transcoder at the first transcoder through the CARE-Link and monitors the CARE-Control-Link.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein handoff mode comprises enabling a three party conference circuit operatively coupled to pulse code modulated information signals associated with the first and the second transcoder, respectively, as well as at least one communication network switch.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the transcoder configured in a bypass mode provides an audio mute to the three party conference circuit.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
(a) passing control information to the second transcoder which indicates that the second transcoder should terminate communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the second base site should be eliminated;
(b) monitoring a communication link at the second transcoder for control information, the communication link being selected from the group consisting of the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, and the transcoder-base site interface link; and (c) releasing the second transcoder from communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
(a) passing control information to the second transcoder which indicates that the second transcoder should terminate communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to a determination that communications with the second base site should be eliminated;
(b) monitoring a communication link at the second transcoder for control information, the communication link being selected from the group consisting of the CARE-Link, CARE-Control-Link, and the transcoder-base site interface link; and (c) releasing the second transcoder from communications with the mobile communication unit, in response to the second transcoder receiving control information in the monitored communication link.
8. A source transcoder operatively coupled to a base site communication unit for use in a radio communication system which enables the performing of a linked-communication of communications with a mobile communication unit between the source transcoder and a target transcoder operatively coupled to another base site communication unit, the source transcoder comprising:
(a) notifying means for notifying the target transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the target transcoder relays information within a transcoder-base site interface link between the other base site and the target transcoder through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the source transcoder and the target transcoder; and (b) configuration means, operatively coupled to the notifying means, for configuring the source transcoder to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information within the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
(a) notifying means for notifying the target transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the target transcoder relays information within a transcoder-base site interface link between the other base site and the target transcoder through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the source transcoder and the target transcoder; and (b) configuration means, operatively coupled to the notifying means, for configuring the source transcoder to operate in linked-communication mode by relaying information within the CARE-Link which is controlled by the CARE-Control-Link.
9. The source transcoder of claim 8 wherein the CARE-Link and the CARE-Control-Link each comprise a logical connection between the source and the target transcoder, the logical connection being formed by an operative coupling between at least two of the following system entities selected from the group consisting of the source transcoder, the target transcoder, a first mobility manager, a second mobility manager, a first communication network switch, a second communication network switch, and a public switched telephone network.
10. A target transcoder operatively coupled to a base site communication unit for use in a radio communication system which enables the performing of a linked-communication of communications with a mobile communication unit between the target transcoder and a source transcoder operatively coupled to another base site communication unit, the target transcoder comprising:
(a) link enabling means for establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the base site and the target transcoder; and (b) configuring means, operatively coupled to the link enabling means, for configuring the target transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the target transcoder relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the source transcoder and the target transcoder.
(a) link enabling means for establishing a transcoder-base site interface link between the base site and the target transcoder; and (b) configuring means, operatively coupled to the link enabling means, for configuring the target transcoder to operate in a bypass mode such that the target transcoder relays information within the transcoder-base site interface link through a CARE-Link in conjunction with a CARE-Control-Link between the source transcoder and the target transcoder.
11 . The target transcoder of claim 10 wherein the CARE-Link and the CARE-Control-Link each comprise a logical connection between the source and the target transcoder, the logical connection being formed by an operative coupling between at least two of the following system entities selected from the group consisting of the source transcoder, the target transcoder, a first mobility manager, a second mobility manager, a first communication network switch, a second communication network switch, and a public switched telephone network.
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| US5940762A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1999-08-17 | Lee; Kuo-Chun | Inter-system calling supporting inter-system soft handoff |
| US5930714A (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 1999-07-27 | Northern Telecom Limited | CDMA inter-mobile switching center soft hand-off |
| EP0849891A3 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2000-01-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for establishing a traffic channel in a mobile radio network |
| KR100217426B1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1999-09-01 | 윤종용 | Call hamdoff method for pcs system |
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| US4398063A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1983-08-09 | Hass Ronald J | Mobile telephone interoffice handoff limiting method and apparatus |
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-
1994
- 1994-10-31 KR KR1019950703162A patent/KR100188984B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-31 WO PCT/US1994/012419 patent/WO1995015665A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-31 CN CN94191078A patent/CN1051430C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-31 BR BR9405716A patent/BR9405716A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-31 AU AU12538/95A patent/AU1253895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-31 JP JP7515601A patent/JPH08506472A/en active Pending
- 1994-10-31 CA CA002153327A patent/CA2153327A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-31 EP EP95903509A patent/EP0682846A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-08-02 FI FI953692A patent/FI953692A0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI953692A (en) | 1995-08-02 |
| CN1117336A (en) | 1996-02-21 |
| JPH08506472A (en) | 1996-07-09 |
| BR9405716A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
| EP0682846A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
| WO1995015665A1 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
| EP0682846A4 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
| FI953692A0 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
| CN1051430C (en) | 2000-04-12 |
| AU1253895A (en) | 1995-06-19 |
| KR100188984B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20000712 |