EP0681145A2 - Method for incinerating plastics - Google Patents

Method for incinerating plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0681145A2
EP0681145A2 EP95106058A EP95106058A EP0681145A2 EP 0681145 A2 EP0681145 A2 EP 0681145A2 EP 95106058 A EP95106058 A EP 95106058A EP 95106058 A EP95106058 A EP 95106058A EP 0681145 A2 EP0681145 A2 EP 0681145A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
combustion
combustion chamber
plastic waste
waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95106058A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0681145B1 (en
EP0681145A3 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dr. Seifert
Michael Dr. Christill
Thomas Geiger
Gerhard Dr. Janisch
Helmut Haubold
Hartmut Dr. Spliethoff
Thomas Gerhardt
Andreas Kicherer
Klaus Richard Gerhard Prof. Dr. Hein
Hans Jürgen Dr. Knopf
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6517026&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0681145(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP0681145A2 publication Critical patent/EP0681145A2/en
Publication of EP0681145A3 publication Critical patent/EP0681145A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0681145B1 publication Critical patent/EP0681145B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning plastic waste.
  • plastic waste which is generated in private households, for example, has either been landfilled as a mixture with the residual waste or incinerated in domestic waste incineration plants.
  • the combustion rooms of the household waste incineration plants are mainly designed as grate furnaces, which are geared towards the calorific value of household waste with regard to their thermal design. Pure plastics cannot be used there alone due to the much higher calorific value and the low melting point (risk of sticking). Accordingly, the plastic fraction that was sorted out of the household waste would have to be homogeneously mixed with the residual waste for thermal recycling in a household waste incineration plant.
  • the method which solves the problem is that the plastic wastes ground to a certain grain size are guided by means of a blowing device accompanied by at least one further separate energy carrier stream and a separate combustion air stream into a combustion chamber of a dust burner, where they are mixed and ignited.
  • lignite and hard coal are normally used to generate energy.
  • the coal is dried with preheated combustion air (maximum temperature 400 ° C), then ground to a grain size smaller than 100 ⁇ m and then blown into the combustion chamber by a burner.
  • the plastic K When the plastic waste is added by a burner 1, the plastic K, ground to a grain size of 1-2 mm, with a non-preheated partial stream of the combustion air in a inner tube becomes concentric around a gaseous fuel, e.g. natural gas G or a cooling air stream in a second tube the inner tube and the preheated combustion air L loaded with or without coal are added to a combustion chamber 2 in a third outer tube which is guided concentrically around the second tube.
  • the fuel and gas streams are guided in such a way that thorough mixing, good flame stability and complete burnout are ensured.
  • the plastic K can be added to the combustion chamber 2 via a separate lance 3, which can be cooled or uncooled, in such a way that the trajectory of the plastic particles remains in the area of high temperatures sufficiently long for complete combustion.
  • Plastic and homopolymers of ethylene, propylene, styrene and polyamide as well as any mixtures of these substances can be used as plastic waste even in the presence of PVC and PET and in compositions that correspond to the plastic fraction in household waste if the maximum grain size is less than 2 mm is.
  • the plastic waste can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2 both via the burner 1, but separately from the coal and air flow, and separately via an additional lance 3.
  • All coal (hard coal and lignite) and conventional fuel gases e.g. natural gas, town gas, synthesis gas etc.
  • the best burnout and emission results were achieved in pilot plant tests with a thermal load share of the plastic of 50 to 80% with hard coal support firing and addition of the plastic via a separate lance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for burning scrap plastic the plastic () is milled and blown into a combustion chamber (2) while a gaseous fuel (G) and an air flow (L) for combustion are fed in through a separate tube (3). The air for combustion (L) is charged with coal dust. Use - For disposal of plastic scrap. Advantage - Scrap plastic in pure or mixed form may be burned in existing firing plant without expensive modification to the latter and gives a high energy output. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kunststoffabfällen.The invention relates to a method for burning plastic waste.

Bisher wurden Kunststoffabfälle, die beispielsweise in privaten Haushalten anfallen, im Gemisch mit dem Restmüll entweder deponiert oder in Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen verbrannt. Die Feuerräume der Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sind nach heutigem Entwicklungsstand überwiegend als Rostfeuerungen ausgeführt, die bezüglich der thermischen Auslegung auf den Heizwert des Hausmülls ausgerichtet sind. Reine Kunststoffe können aufgrund des sehr viel höheren Heizwertes und des niedrigen Schmelzpunktes dort alleine nicht eingesetzt werden (Verklebungsgefahr). Demzufolge müßte die Kunststofffraktion, die aus dem Hausmüll aussortiert wurde, zur thermischen Verwertung in einer Hausmüllverbrennungsanlage wieder homogen mit dem Restmüll vermischt werden.So far, plastic waste, which is generated in private households, for example, has either been landfilled as a mixture with the residual waste or incinerated in domestic waste incineration plants. According to the current state of development, the combustion rooms of the household waste incineration plants are mainly designed as grate furnaces, which are geared towards the calorific value of household waste with regard to their thermal design. Pure plastics cannot be used there alone due to the much higher calorific value and the low melting point (risk of sticking). Accordingly, the plastic fraction that was sorted out of the household waste would have to be homogeneously mixed with the residual waste for thermal recycling in a household waste incineration plant.

Es war daher die Aufgabe zu lösen, ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kunststoffabfällen zu schaffen, nach dem die Abfälle sowohl in reiner als auch in gemischter Form in einer vorhandenen Verbrennungsanlage ohne tief eingreifende apparative Änderung mit möglichst hoher Energienutzung verfeuert werden können.It was therefore the task to solve a process for the incineration of plastic waste, according to which the waste can be burned in pure as well as in a mixed form in an existing incineration plant without deeply changing equipment with the highest possible energy use.

Das die Aufgabe lösende Verfahren besteht darin, daß die auf eine bestimmte Korngröße gemahlenen Kunststoffabfälle mittels einer Einblasvorrichtung begleitet von mindestens einem weiteren separaten Energieträgerstrom und einem separaten Verbrennungsluftstrom in einen Brennraum einer Staubfeuerung geführt und dort miteinander vermischt und entzündet werden.The method which solves the problem is that the plastic wastes ground to a certain grain size are guided by means of a blowing device accompanied by at least one further separate energy carrier stream and a separate combustion air stream into a combustion chamber of a dust burner, where they are mixed and ignited.

Einzelheiten und Vorteile des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung sind anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels nachfolgend beschrieben.Details and advantages of the method according to the invention are described below with reference to an embodiment shown schematically in the drawing.

Es zeigen

Figur 1
einen Brenner für die Zugabe mehrerer Brennstoff- und Gasströme, im Längsschnitt,
Figur 2
einen Brenner für die Zugabe von Brennstoff- und Gasstrom mit einer nebenliegenden, separaten Lanze für die Zugabe der Kunststoffabfälle, im Längsschnitt.
Show it
Figure 1
a burner for the addition of several fuel and gas streams, in longitudinal section,
Figure 2
a burner for the addition of fuel and gas flow with an adjacent, separate lance for the addition of plastic waste, in longitudinal section.

Bei der Verbrennung von Kunststoffen, beispielsweise in einer Kraftwerksfeuerung, ist eine direkte Zugabe des Kunststoffabfalls zur Rohkohle aufgrund der Temperaturbedingungen bei der Kohletrocknung und -mahlung und der damit verbundenen Verklebungsgefahren nicht möglich. Die Zugabe muß daher über eine separate Einblasvorrichtung, die mit einem nicht vorgewärmten Gasstrom beaufschlagt wird, derart erfolgen, daß die Verweilzeit der Kunststoffpartikel in der heißen Verbrennungszone für eine vollständige Entgasung und einen vollständigen Ausbrand ausreichend ist.When plastics are burned, for example in a power plant furnace, it is not possible to add the plastic waste directly to the raw coal due to the temperature conditions during coal drying and grinding and the associated risk of sticking. The addition must therefore take place via a separate blowing device, which is supplied with a non-preheated gas stream, in such a way that the residence time of the plastic particles in the hot combustion zone is sufficient for complete degassing and complete burnout.

In solchen sogenannten Staubfeuerungen, die typischerweise in Kraftwerkskesseln zur Anwendung kommen, werden normalerweise Braun- und Steinkohle zur Energieerzeugung eingesetzt. Die Kohle wird vor der Verbrennung mit vorgewärmter Verbrennungsluft (Temperatur maximal 400°C) getrocknet, anschließend auf eine Korngröße kleiner als 100 µm gemahlen und dann durch einen Brenner in den Feuerraum eingeblasen.In such so-called dust furnaces, which are typically used in power plant boilers, lignite and hard coal are normally used to generate energy. Before combustion, the coal is dried with preheated combustion air (maximum temperature 400 ° C), then ground to a grain size smaller than 100 µm and then blown into the combustion chamber by a burner.

Bei Zugabe der Kunststoffabfälle durch einen Brenner 1 wird der auf eine Korngröße von 1-2 mm gemahlene Kunststoff K mit einem nicht vorgewärmten Teilstrom der Verbrennungsluft in einem Innenrohr zentral, ein gasförmiger Brennstoff, z.B. Erdgas G oder ein Kühlluftstrom in einem zweiten Rohr, konzentrisch um das Innenrohr, und die vorgewärmte Verbrennungsluft L mit oder ohne Kohle beladen in einem dritten, konzentrisch um das zweite Rohr geführten Außenrohr einem Brennraum 2 zugegeben. Die Führung der Brennstoff- und Gasströme erfolgt derart, daß eine gute Durchmischung, eine gute Flammenstabilität und ein vollständiger Ausbrand gewährleistet ist. Alternativ dazu kann der Kunststoff K über eine separate Lanze 3, die gekühlt oder ungekühlt ausgeführt sein kann, in den Brennraum 2 derart zugegeben werden, daß die Flugbahn der Kunststoffpartikel zur vollständigen Verbrennung ausreichend lange im Bereich hoher Temperaturen verweilt.When the plastic waste is added by a burner 1, the plastic K, ground to a grain size of 1-2 mm, with a non-preheated partial stream of the combustion air in a inner tube becomes concentric around a gaseous fuel, e.g. natural gas G or a cooling air stream in a second tube the inner tube and the preheated combustion air L loaded with or without coal are added to a combustion chamber 2 in a third outer tube which is guided concentrically around the second tube. The fuel and gas streams are guided in such a way that thorough mixing, good flame stability and complete burnout are ensured. Alternatively, the plastic K can be added to the combustion chamber 2 via a separate lance 3, which can be cooled or uncooled, in such a way that the trajectory of the plastic particles remains in the area of high temperatures sufficiently long for complete combustion.

Als Kunststoffabfälle sind Homo- und Copolymere des Ethylens, des Propylens, des Styrols und Polyamid sowie beliebige Mischungen dieser Stoffe auch bei Anwesenheit von PVC und PET und in Zusammensetzungen, die der Kunststoffraktion im Hausmüll entsprechen, einsetzbar, wenn die maximale Korngröße kleiner als 2 mm ist. Dabei können die Kunststoffabfälle sowohl über den Brenner 1, jedoch getrennt vom Kohle- und Luftstrom, als auch separat über eine zusätzliche Lanze 3 in den Feuerraum 2 eingebracht werden. Als Stützbrennstoffe sind alle Kohlen (Stein- und Braunkohle) und üblichen Brenngase (z.B. Erdgas, Stadtgas, Synthesegas etc.) in beliebigen Anteilen einsetzbar, wobei sich der Ausbrand mit zunehmendem Lastanteil des Kunststoffes verbessert. Die besten Ausbrand- und Emissionsergebnisse wurden in Technikumsversuchen bei einem thermischen Lastanteil des Kunststoffs von 50 bis 80 % bei Steinkohlestützfeuerung und Zugabe des Kunststoffes über eine separate Lanze erzielt.Plastic and homopolymers of ethylene, propylene, styrene and polyamide as well as any mixtures of these substances can be used as plastic waste even in the presence of PVC and PET and in compositions that correspond to the plastic fraction in household waste if the maximum grain size is less than 2 mm is. The plastic waste can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2 both via the burner 1, but separately from the coal and air flow, and separately via an additional lance 3. All coal (hard coal and lignite) and conventional fuel gases (e.g. natural gas, town gas, synthesis gas etc.) can be used as supporting fuels in any proportion, whereby the burnout improves with increasing load of the plastic. The best burnout and emission results were achieved in pilot plant tests with a thermal load share of the plastic of 50 to 80% with hard coal support firing and addition of the plastic via a separate lance.

Claims (3)

Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kunststoffabfällen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf eine bestimmte Korngröße gemahlenen Kunststoffabfälle mittels einer Einblasvorrichtung begleitet von mindestens einem weiteren separaten Energieträgerstrom und einem separaten Verbrennungsluftstrom in einen Brennraum einer Staubfeuerung geführt und dort miteinander vermischt und entzündet werden.Process for the incineration of plastic waste, characterized in that the plastic waste ground to a certain grain size is guided into a combustion chamber of a dust burner by means of a blowing device accompanied by at least one further separate energy carrier flow and a separate combustion air flow and mixed and ignited there. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemahlenen Kunststoffabfälle in einem zentralen Rohr, der Energieträgerstrom in einem konzentrischen zweiten Rohr und der Verbrennungsluftstrom in einem konzentrischen dritten Rohr dem Brennraum zugeführt werden.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground plastic waste is fed to the combustion chamber in a central tube, the energy carrier stream in a concentric second tube and the combustion air stream in a concentric third tube. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbrennungsluftstrom mit Kohlenstaub beladen ist.Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the combustion air flow is loaded with coal dust.
EP95106058A 1994-05-02 1995-04-22 Method for incinerating plastics Revoked EP0681145B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415355A DE4415355A1 (en) 1994-05-02 1994-05-02 Process for incinerating plastic waste
DE4415355 1994-05-02

Publications (3)

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EP0681145A2 true EP0681145A2 (en) 1995-11-08
EP0681145A3 EP0681145A3 (en) 1996-06-05
EP0681145B1 EP0681145B1 (en) 1999-10-20

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ID=6517026

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EP95106058A Revoked EP0681145B1 (en) 1994-05-02 1995-04-22 Method for incinerating plastics

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EP (1) EP0681145B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4415355A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2795344A1 (en) * 1999-06-28 2000-12-29 Pierre Moreau disposal of mixed plastic packaging, etc by pulverising, homogenising and then burning

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0076020A2 (en) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner for plastics materials
US4480559A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-11-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Coal and char burner
EP0205238A2 (en) * 1985-04-16 1986-12-17 The Dow Chemical Company Process and apparatus for use with pressurized reactors
US5069145A (en) * 1990-12-05 1991-12-03 Atlantic Richfield Company Plastic refuse disposal system
DE9313518U1 (en) * 1993-09-08 1993-12-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Coal dust burner for the simultaneous combustion of coal rod and plastic

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0076020A2 (en) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner for plastics materials
US4480559A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-11-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Coal and char burner
EP0205238A2 (en) * 1985-04-16 1986-12-17 The Dow Chemical Company Process and apparatus for use with pressurized reactors
US5069145A (en) * 1990-12-05 1991-12-03 Atlantic Richfield Company Plastic refuse disposal system
DE9313518U1 (en) * 1993-09-08 1993-12-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Coal dust burner for the simultaneous combustion of coal rod and plastic

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2795344A1 (en) * 1999-06-28 2000-12-29 Pierre Moreau disposal of mixed plastic packaging, etc by pulverising, homogenising and then burning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0681145B1 (en) 1999-10-20
EP0681145A3 (en) 1996-06-05
DE59507076D1 (en) 1999-11-25
DE4415355A1 (en) 1995-11-09

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