EP0681145B1 - Method for incinerating plastics - Google Patents

Method for incinerating plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0681145B1
EP0681145B1 EP95106058A EP95106058A EP0681145B1 EP 0681145 B1 EP0681145 B1 EP 0681145B1 EP 95106058 A EP95106058 A EP 95106058A EP 95106058 A EP95106058 A EP 95106058A EP 0681145 B1 EP0681145 B1 EP 0681145B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
burner
plastic waste
waste
injection device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP95106058A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0681145A3 (en
EP0681145A2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dr. Seifert
Michael Dr. Christill
Thomas Geiger
Gerhard Dr. Janisch
Hans Jürgen Dr. Knopf
Helmut Haubold
Hartmut Dr. Spliethoff
Thomas Gerhardt
Andreas Kicherer
Klaus Richard Gerhard Prof.Dr. Hein
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication date
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Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP0681145A2 publication Critical patent/EP0681145A2/en
Publication of EP0681145A3 publication Critical patent/EP0681145A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0681145B1 publication Critical patent/EP0681145B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/12Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning plastic waste.
  • plastic waste for example in private households incurred, either landfilled in a mixture with the residual waste or burned in domestic waste incineration plants.
  • the fireboxes The domestic waste incineration plants are based on the current state of development predominantly designed as grate firing, the regarding the thermal design for the calorific value of household waste are aligned. Pure plastics can because of the very much higher calorific value and the low melting point there not used alone (risk of sticking). As a result would need the plastic fraction that sorts out of household waste was used for thermal recycling in a domestic waste incineration plant be mixed homogeneously with the residual waste.
  • the method that solves the problem is that the a determined grain size by means of ground plastic waste a separate blowing device independent of the burner in led a combustion chamber of a dust burner and ignited there be, the blowing device is designed such that the trajectory of the ground plastic waste to complete Combustion remains in the area of high temperatures for a sufficiently long time.
  • a gaseous fuel e.g. Natural gas G or a Cooling air flow in a second tube, concentric around the inner tube, and the preheated combustion air L with or without coal loaded in a third, concentrically guided around the second tube Outer tube added to a combustion chamber 2.
  • the management of fuel and gas flows take place in such a way that thorough mixing, good flame stability and complete burnout guaranteed is.
  • the plastic K can be separated Lance 3, which can be cooled or uncooled, in the Combustion chamber 2 are added so that the trajectory of the plastic particles long enough for complete combustion High temperature area lingers.
  • plastic waste are homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene Propylene, styrene and polyamide as well as any mixtures these substances even in the presence of PVC and PET and in compositions, which correspond to the plastic fraction in household waste, can be used if the maximum grain size is less than 2 mm.
  • plastic waste both over the burner 1, however separated from the coal and air flow, as well as separately via an additional lance 3 can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2.
  • All coal (hard and brown coal) and usual fuel gases (e.g. natural gas, town gas, synthesis gas etc.) in any proportions can be used, with the burnout increasing Improved load share of the plastic.
  • the best burnout and emission results were tested in pilot plants a thermal load share of the plastic of 50 to 80% Hard coal support firing and addition of the plastic via a separate Lance achieved.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kunststoffabfällen.The invention relates to a method for burning plastic waste.

Bisher wurden Kunststoffabfälle, die beispielsweise in privaten haushalten anfallen, im Gemisch mit dem Restmüll entweder deponiert oder in Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen verbrannt. Die Feuerräume der Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sind nach heutigem Entwicklungsstand überwiegend als Rostfeuerungen ausgeführt, die bezüglich der thermischen Auslegung auf den Heizwert des Hausmülls ausgerichtet sind. Reine Kunststoffe können aufgrund des sehr viel höheren Heizwertes und des niedrigen Schmelzpunktes dort alleine nicht eingesetzt werden (Verklebungsgefahr). Demzufolge müßte die Kunststofffraktion, die aus dem Hausmüll aussortiert wurde, zur thermischen Verwertung in einer Hausmüllverbrennungsanlage wieder homogen mit dem Restmüll vermischt werden.So far, plastic waste, for example in private households incurred, either landfilled in a mixture with the residual waste or burned in domestic waste incineration plants. The fireboxes The domestic waste incineration plants are based on the current state of development predominantly designed as grate firing, the regarding the thermal design for the calorific value of household waste are aligned. Pure plastics can because of the very much higher calorific value and the low melting point there not used alone (risk of sticking). As a result would need the plastic fraction that sorts out of household waste was used for thermal recycling in a domestic waste incineration plant be mixed homogeneously with the residual waste.

In der DE-U 9 313 518 wird ein Kohlenstaubbrenner für die gleichzeitige Verbrennung von Kohlenstaub und Kunststoff beschrieben. Die US-A 5 069 145 beschreibt ein Entsorgungsverfahren von Kunststoffabfällen durch Verbrennung auf einem Schiff.In DE-U 9 313 518 a coal dust burner for the simultaneous Burning coal dust and plastic described. US-A 5 069 145 describes a disposal process for plastic waste by burning on a ship.

Es war daher die Aufgabe zu lösen, ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Kunststoffabfällen zu schaffen, nach dem die Abfälle sowohl in reiner als auch in gemischter Form in einer vorhandenen Verbrennungsanlage ohne tief eingreifende apparative Änderung mit möglichst hoher Energienutzung verfeuert werden können.It was therefore the task to solve a method of burning of plastic waste, after which the waste both in pure as well as in mixed form in an existing incineration plant without deeply changing equipment the highest possible use of energy can be burned.

Das die Aufgabe lösende Verfahren besteht darin, daß die auf eine bestimmt Korngröße gemahlenen Kunststoffabfälle mittels einer separaten vom Brenner unabhängigen Einblasvorrichtung in einen Brennraum einer Staubfeuerung geführt und dort entzündet werden, wobei die einblasvorrichtung derart gestaltet ist, daß die Flugbahn der gemahlenen Kunststoffabfälle zur vollständigen Verbrennung ausreichend lange im Bereich hoher Temperaturen verweilt.The method that solves the problem is that the a determined grain size by means of ground plastic waste a separate blowing device independent of the burner in led a combustion chamber of a dust burner and ignited there be, the blowing device is designed such that the trajectory of the ground plastic waste to complete Combustion remains in the area of high temperatures for a sufficiently long time.

Einzelheiten und Vorteile des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung anhand des in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels nachfolgend beschrieben. Details and advantages of the method according to the invention based on of the embodiment shown schematically in Figure 2 described below.

Es zeigen

Figur 1
einen Brenner gemäß dem Stand der Technik für die Zugabe Gasströme, im Längsschnitt,
Figur 2
einen Brenner für die Zugabe von Brennstoff- und Gasstrom mit einer nebenliegenden, separaten Lanze für die Zugabe der Kunststoffabfälle, im Längsschnitt.
Show it
Figure 1
a burner according to the prior art for adding gas flows, in longitudinal section,
Figure 2
a burner for the addition of fuel and gas flow with an adjacent, separate lance for the addition of plastic waste, in longitudinal section.

Bei der Verbrennung von Kunststoffen, beispielsweise in einer Kraftwerksfeuerung, ist eine direkte Zugabe des Kunststoffabfalls zur Rohkohle aufgrund der Temperaturbedingungen bei der Kohletrocknung und -mahlung und der damit verbundenen Verklebungsgefahren nicht möglich. Die Zugabe muß daher über eine separate Einblasvorrichtung, die mit einem nicht vorgewärmten Gasstrom beaufschlagt wird, derart erfolgen, daß die Verweilzeit der Kunststoffpartikel in der heißen Verbrennungszone für eine vollständige Entgasung und einen vollständigen Ausbrand ausreichend ist.When burning plastics, for example in a Power plant firing is a direct addition of plastic waste to raw coal due to the temperature conditions during coal drying and grinding and the associated risk of sticking not possible. The addition must therefore be made via a separate Blowing device which acts on a non-preheated gas stream will be such that the residence time of the plastic particles in the hot combustion zone for a complete Degassing and a complete burnout is sufficient.

In solchen sogenannten Staubfeuerungen, die typischerweise in Kraftwerkskesseln zur Anwendung kommen, werden normalerweise Braun- und Steinkohle zur Energieerzeugung eingesetzt. Die Kohle wird vor der Verbrennung mit vorgewärmter Verbrennungsluft (Temperatur maximal 400°C) getrocknet, anschließend auf eine Korngröße kleiner als 100 µm gemahlen und dann durch einen Brenner in den Feuerraum eingeblasen.In such so-called dust fires, which are typically in Power plant boilers are usually used Lignite and hard coal used for energy generation. The coal before combustion with preheated combustion air (Maximum temperature 400 ° C) dried, then to a grain size ground less than 100 µm and then in through a burner blown into the firebox.

Bei Zugabe der Kunststoffabfälle durch einen Brenner 1 wird der auf eine Korngröße von 1 - 2 mm gemahlene Kunststoff K mit einem nicht vorgewärmten Teilstrom der Verbrennungsluft in einem Innenrohr zentral, ein gasförmiger Brennstoff, z.B. Erdgas G oder ein Kühlluftstrom in einem zweiten Rohr, konzentrisch um das Innenrohr, und die vorgewärmte Verbrennungsluft L mit oder ohne Kohle beladen in einem dritten, konzentrisch um das zweite Rohr geführten Außenrohr einem Brennraum 2 zugegeben. Die Führung der Brennstoff- und Gasströme erfolgt derart, daß eine gute Durchmischung, eine gute Flammenstabilität und ein vollständiger Ausbrand gewährleistet ist. Dazu kann der Kunststoff K über eine separate Lanze 3, die gekühlt oder ungekühlt ausgeführt sein kann, in den Brennraum 2 derart zugegeben werden, daß die Flugbahn der Kunststoffpartikel zur vollständigen Verbrennung ausreichend lange im Bereich hoher Temperaturen verweilt.When adding the plastic waste through a burner 1 the to a grain size of 1 - 2 mm ground plastic K with a not preheated partial flow of the combustion air in an inner tube central, a gaseous fuel, e.g. Natural gas G or a Cooling air flow in a second tube, concentric around the inner tube, and the preheated combustion air L with or without coal loaded in a third, concentrically guided around the second tube Outer tube added to a combustion chamber 2. The management of fuel and gas flows take place in such a way that thorough mixing, good flame stability and complete burnout guaranteed is. For this purpose, the plastic K can be separated Lance 3, which can be cooled or uncooled, in the Combustion chamber 2 are added so that the trajectory of the plastic particles long enough for complete combustion High temperature area lingers.

Als Kunststoffabfälle sind Homo- und Copolymere des Ethylens, des Propylens, des Styrols und Polyamid sowie beliebige Mischungen dieser Stoffe auch bei Anwesenheit von PVC und PET und in Zusammensetzungen, die der Kunststofffraktion im Hausmüll entsprechen, einsetzbar, wenn die maximale Korngröße kleiner als 2 mm ist. Dabei können die Kunststoffabfälle sowohl über den Brenner 1, jedoch getrennt vom Kohle- und Luftstrom, als auch separat über eine zusätzliche Lanze 3 in den Feuerraum 2 eingebracht werden. Als Stützbrennstoffe sind alle Kohlen (Stein- und Braunkohle) und übliche Brenngase (z.B. Erdgas, Stadtgas, Synthesegas etc.) in beliebigen Anteilen einsetzbar, wobei sich der Ausbrand mit zunehmendem Lastanteil des Kunststoffes verbessert. Die besten Ausbrand- und Emissionsergebnisse wurden in Technikumsversuchen bei einem thermischen lastanteil des Kunststoffs von 50 bis 80 % bei Steinkohlestützfeuerung und Zugabe des Kunststoffes über eine separate Lanze erzielt.As plastic waste are homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene Propylene, styrene and polyamide as well as any mixtures these substances even in the presence of PVC and PET and in compositions, which correspond to the plastic fraction in household waste, can be used if the maximum grain size is less than 2 mm. Here can the plastic waste both over the burner 1, however separated from the coal and air flow, as well as separately via an additional lance 3 can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2. All coal (hard and brown coal) and usual fuel gases (e.g. natural gas, town gas, synthesis gas etc.) in any proportions can be used, with the burnout increasing Improved load share of the plastic. The best burnout and emission results were tested in pilot plants a thermal load share of the plastic of 50 to 80% Hard coal support firing and addition of the plastic via a separate Lance achieved.

Claims (1)

  1. A process for incinerating plastic waste, which comprises the plastic waste which has been milled to a particular particle size being fed by means of a separate injection device which is independent of the burner into a combustion chamber of a pulverized fuel furnace and there ignited, the injection device being configured in such a way that the flight path of the milled plastic waste remains in the high-temperature region sufficiently long for complete incineration, the burner and the injection device being fixed to the same wall.
EP95106058A 1994-05-02 1995-04-22 Method for incinerating plastics Revoked EP0681145B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415355 1994-05-02
DE4415355A DE4415355A1 (en) 1994-05-02 1994-05-02 Process for incinerating plastic waste

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0681145A2 EP0681145A2 (en) 1995-11-08
EP0681145A3 EP0681145A3 (en) 1996-06-05
EP0681145B1 true EP0681145B1 (en) 1999-10-20

Family

ID=6517026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95106058A Revoked EP0681145B1 (en) 1994-05-02 1995-04-22 Method for incinerating plastics

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EP (1) EP0681145B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4415355A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2795344B1 (en) * 1999-06-28 2002-10-31 Pierre Moreau PROCESS FOR TREATING MIXED PLASTICS

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2513742A1 (en) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-01 Air Prod & Chem BURNER FOR BURNING PARTICULATE PLASTICS
US4480559A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-11-06 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Coal and char burner
IN167311B (en) * 1985-04-16 1990-10-06 Dow Chemical Co
US5069145A (en) * 1990-12-05 1991-12-03 Atlantic Richfield Company Plastic refuse disposal system
DE9313518U1 (en) * 1993-09-08 1993-12-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Coal dust burner for the simultaneous combustion of coal rod and plastic

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Publication number Publication date
EP0681145A3 (en) 1996-06-05
DE4415355A1 (en) 1995-11-09
DE59507076D1 (en) 1999-11-25
EP0681145A2 (en) 1995-11-08

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