EP0679476A2 - Pince de puissance - Google Patents

Pince de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0679476A2
EP0679476A2 EP95105536A EP95105536A EP0679476A2 EP 0679476 A2 EP0679476 A2 EP 0679476A2 EP 95105536 A EP95105536 A EP 95105536A EP 95105536 A EP95105536 A EP 95105536A EP 0679476 A2 EP0679476 A2 EP 0679476A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pliers
handle
electric motor
housing
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95105536A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0679476A3 (fr
EP0679476B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Undin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Weidmueller Interface GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0679476A2 publication Critical patent/EP0679476A2/fr
Publication of EP0679476A3 publication Critical patent/EP0679476A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0679476B1 publication Critical patent/EP0679476B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B7/00—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools
    • B25B7/12—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools involving special transmission means between the handles and the jaws, e.g. toggle levers, gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • B25B27/14—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same
    • B25B27/146—Clip clamping hand tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B7/00—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B7/00—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools
    • B25B7/12—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools involving special transmission means between the handles and the jaws, e.g. toggle levers, gears
    • B25B7/126—Pliers; Other hand-held gripping tools with jaws on pivoted limbs; Details applicable generally to pivoted-limb hand tools involving special transmission means between the handles and the jaws, e.g. toggle levers, gears with fluid drive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • H01R43/042—Hand tools for crimping
    • H01R43/0428—Power-driven hand crimping tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to pliers according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such pliers are generally known and contain a pliers housing, a handle articulated on the pliers housing, a pliers mouth receiving processing elements, and a drive device which can be actuated by pivoting the handle for driving the processing elements.
  • These pliers can e.g. a crimping tool, a cutting tool, and the like.
  • electromotive tools are already known, which can also be used for cutting, crimping, stripping, etc. These tools have an inside e.g. battery-operated electric motor, via which the machining elements of the tool can be driven.
  • the invention has for its object to ensure with pliers of the type mentioned that even long periods of work with it do not lead to fatigue at the user.
  • a pliers according to the invention is characterized in that an electric motor is arranged in the pliers housing in order to exert a further driving force on the machining elements when the handle is pivoted.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to support the manual force function of the pliers by motor power, so that a user of the pliers no longer needs to apply the full force required for a machining operation, but only part of it, since the remaining force is greater than the electric motor is made available.
  • the electric motor is only switched on when the handle is actuated and switched off when the handle is relieved. This can also take place if the pivotable handle has not reached any of its end positions. In other words, if the handle is relieved before a machining process is completed, the electric motor also stops and is only switched on again when the handle is actuated again or moved on.
  • a corresponding switch for switching the electric motor on and off is located on the pivotable handle or on a further handle fixed to the housing.
  • the switch comes to rest in an area of the handle which is actuated by the hand when the pliers are actuated, so that the switch is only switched on and off when the handles are touched directly.
  • the switches can be actuated via handle shells which are pivotably articulated on the handle or on the additional handle. If the hand of a user grips the handle of the pliers in order to pivot it towards the pliers housing, the movable grip shell comes to lie between the handle and the hand of the user, being pressed against the switch and holding it on until the pliers are closed . If the pliers are to be opened again, the handle is relieved and with it the handle shell, which then leads to the opening of the switch and thus to the switching off of the electric motor.
  • the switch mentioned can only be closed at a predetermined gripping force, that is to say only when a predetermined counterforce has been reached in the pliers mouth. This is the case, for example, if there is an object to be machined in the pliers mouth and this is held by the machining elements already approached with a predetermined force. If the pliers mouth is empty, the electric motor is not switched on at all when the pliers are closed if the force to switch on the switch is preset accordingly is. To a certain extent, this helps to save electrical energy. On the other hand, the energy consumption of the electric motor depends on how forcefully the pliers are closed by the user.
  • Adjustment means can be provided for setting the predetermined grip force in order to be able to preset the grip force accordingly. The greater the preset force, the more energy the user of the pliers has to apply and the less the motor can do.
  • the pliers can be provided with a reversing switch for changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor, which can be actuated in the event that the pliers jams before reaching their final closed position.
  • the electric motor itself can be operated via a battery or a power supply unit to be connected to the pliers.
  • a battery compartment for holding one or more batteries for the electric motor is available in the pliers housing.
  • the electric motor can act directly on the machining elements, but can also transmit its force to the machining elements via the drive device.
  • the drive device is designed as a toggle lever, the joint of which is in contact with a cam disk driven by the electric motor.
  • the cam disc can be firmly seated on a helical gear which meshes with a spur gear seated with a shaft of the electric motor.
  • the toggle lever preferably acts only on one of the processing elements, while the other of the processing elements is firmly seated in the pliers mouth.
  • the stuck processing element can be, for example, a counter knife or Be counter bearing, while the adjustable machining element can be a cutting knife, a stamp, and the like.
  • a limit switch is provided which is attached to one end of a pivotable lever, the other end of which is supported on the movable processing element. If the movable machining element is moved into the jaws of the pliers, the lever is pivoted, which means that the limit switch is moved into a position in which it can be actuated by the cam disc when it is in a position corresponding to the final closed position of the pliers Has. If the pliers are then opened by hand, namely by pivoting the hand or plier handle, the limit switch is thereby pivoted out of the above-mentioned path and closed, so that a new working cycle can now begin.
  • the pliers generally bear the reference number 1 and have a pliers housing 2, at the front end of which there is a pliers mouth 3.
  • a pliers housing 2 is designed as a handle 4 fixed to the housing, while the rear part of the pliers housing 2 is designed as a receptacle 5 in which, for example, batteries can be accommodated.
  • a pivotable handle 6 is articulated on the lower side of the pliers housing 2.
  • a first housing-fixed receptacle 7 for receiving a first processing element fixed to the housing and, opposite this, a second movable receptacle 8 for receiving a movable processing element.
  • Both machining elements can be secured by bolts in the receptacles 7,8, for which the receptacles 7,8 are provided with corresponding through bores 9.
  • the processing elements can be displaced relative to one another in order to process an object lying between them.
  • the processing elements can e.g. are cutting knives if the pliers 1 are to be used for cutting purposes, or stamps and dies if they are e.g. is a crimping tool. Machining elements can also be embossed or shaped elements.
  • a sliding guide is provided for the movable receptacle 8 within the front part of the pliers housing 2.
  • the movable receptacle 8 is integrally connected on its side facing the handle 6 to a projection 10 which extends in the direction of the handle 6 and is provided with an elongated hole 11 which extends in the same direction.
  • a pin 12 which receives a tab 13 at one end of the tab.
  • Another pin 14 extends through the opposite end of the tab and at the same time the end of the handle 6 facing the pliers housing.
  • pivotable handle 6 can be fork-shaped at its end facing the pliers housing 2, and that two tabs 13 lying one behind the other can be provided. The tabs 13 are then found at the respective ends of the pins 12 and 14.
  • a further housing-fixed pin 16 is provided, around which a spreading spring 17 is wound, which also encompasses the pins 14 and 15.
  • the spring is supported on the bearing journal 15 fixed to the housing and presses the further journal 14 upward such that the toggle lever buckles.
  • the pivotable handle 6 takes its greatest angular distance from the pliers housing 2, while the pliers material 3 is fully open.
  • an electric motor 18 Within the handle 4 fixed to the housing there is an electric motor 18, the longitudinal axis 19 or shaft 20 of which extends in the longitudinal direction of the pliers housing 2.
  • the rear housing part 5, in which batteries for operating the electric motor 18 can be located, is attached to the housing-fixed handle 4 e.g. pluggable connected. Plug contacts can be present in the area of the plug-in connection in order to be able to connect the poles of the battery to the corresponding connections of the electric motor 18 in a simple manner. This will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the free end of the shaft 20 of the electric motor 18 extends in the direction of the jaws 3 and carries a spur gear 21 fixedly connected to it.
  • This spur gear 21 the teeth of which lie on a conical surface symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 19, meshes with a helical gear 22, which on a Axle 23 fixed to the housing is mounted, which lies on the longitudinal axis 19 and perpendicular to it and is located above the pin 14 is located.
  • the helical gear 22 and with it the cam 24 are driven via the shaft 20 and the spur gear 21, which leads to a corresponding drive of the receptacle 8 via the toggle lever.
  • the position of the toggle lever is dependent on the shape of the cam 24, which will be discussed later.
  • This handle switch 25 is an on / off switch, the switching lug 26 of which is located on the front longitudinal side of the handle 6.
  • a handle shell 27 is also mounted on the handle 6, specifically at the handle end facing the toggle lever. For this purpose, there is a bearing pin 28 on the handle 6, which passes through the handle shell 27 laterally. The handle shell 27 can thus be pivoted a little around the bearing pin 28 relative to the handle 6, the handle shell 27 also covering the front longitudinal side of the handle 6 and thus coming to rest on the switching lug 26 of the handle switch 25.
  • the switching lug 26 is actuated and the handle switch 25 is closed, which leads to the switching on of the electric motor 18.
  • the switching lug 26 is biased by a spring, not shown, so that it can only be actuated and closes the switch 25 after a predetermined switching force has been applied via the grip shell 27.
  • the spring mentioned can be located within the switch 25.
  • a compression spring 29 can also be located between the inside of the. Handle shell 27 and the front of the handle 6 may be present. The force of the compression spring 29 can be changed by suitable adjusting means 29a, which are located on the outside of the grip shell 27.
  • This limit switch 30 is mounted on one end of a lever 31 which is pivotable about an axis 32 fixed to the housing and which with its other end projecting beyond the axis 32 fixed to the housing on the movable Support 8 supports.
  • the lever 31 is biased clockwise around the housing-fixed axis 32 by a tension spring 33. However, it cannot turn around the axis 32 because its other end rests on the movable receptacle 8 with a nose 34. Only when the handle 6 is pivoted in the direction of the handle 4 fixed to the housing, i.e.
  • the knee lever stretch is the nose 34 relieved, so that the lever 31 can rotate a little clockwise around the axis 32 fixed to the housing, to the extent that one Switch nose 35 of the limit switch 30 has assumed a predetermined position.
  • a stop 36 fixed to the housing can be present in the movement path of the limit switch 30. When the pliers close, the limit switch 30 abuts the stop 36 and thus positions the switching lug 35 so that it can be actuated by the cam plate 24 in the area of its greatest radial extent in order to switch off the electric motor 18.
  • the direction of rotation of the electric motor 18 can be reversed with the aid of a reversing switch 37, which is located in the area of the handle 4 fixed to the housing.
  • the toggle lever stretches and presses the receptacle 8 into the jaws 3.
  • the receptacles 7 and 8 can carry suitable processing elements, as already mentioned. Since no opposing force acts on the processing elements in the area of the pliers jaw 3, the handle 6 can be pivot relatively easily, so with little effort, so that the force of the spring 29 is not overcome. In this case, the switch 25 is not closed, so that the electric motor 18 also does not start to run. If the handle 6 is then released, the spring 17 presses it back into the starting position.
  • the switch 25 is not actuated by the grip shell 27 until the machining elements have been moved against the object to be machined with a predetermined force. If the opposing force is now generated in the jaws 3, the handle 6 can no longer be pivoted so easily in the direction of the handle 4 fixed to the housing, so that the user has to use a stronger hand force. Now, however, the force of the compression spring 29 can be overcome, which leads to the pivoting of the handle 28 relative to the handle 6 and thus to the actuation of the switching lug 26, so that the switch 25 is now switched on, which leads to the rotation of the electric motor 18.
  • the movable processing element is now adjusted not only via the handle 6 by the force of the user but also with the help of the electric motor 18.
  • the cam disc 24 rotates clockwise and contributes to the extension of the toggle lever due to its circumferential course.
  • the toggle lever is stretched farthest when the outermost region of the cam 24 acts on the pin 14.
  • the electric motor 18 continues to rotate over a certain angular range until the outermost region of the cam disk 24 acts on the switching lug 35 and the limit switch 30 is thereby actuated, which leads to the shutdown of the electric motor 18.
  • Due to the selected shape of the cam 24, the toggle lever can now buckle again, so that the handle 6 reaches its starting position again and the pliers mouth 3 is open.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the pliers according to the invention.
  • This exemplary embodiment is essentially the same as the first exemplary embodiment, but here the handle 6 is angled downward at 90 °.
  • a further and housing-fixed handle 6a is provided on the lower wall area of the middle part 4 of the pliers housing 2.
  • an additional handle 6b which is fixed to the housing, is provided parallel to the central part 4 of the pliers housing 2.
  • the switch 25 with the switching lug 26 is present in this parallel handle 6b, and furthermore, on the inside of this parallel handle 6b, an additional handle shell 39 is pivotably mounted relative to the handle 6b by means of an axis 38.
  • This further grip shell 39 in turn actuates the switching lug 26 when a predetermined force has been overcome, which is predetermined, for example, by a compression spring 40 which lies between the further grip shell and the handle 6b.
  • the pliers 1 according to FIG. 3 are held in operation so that the pliers mouth 3 points upwards. The fingers of a user reach into the area that lies between the middle part 4 and the further handle 6b, while the handle 6 lies in the palm of the user.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 shows the electrical circuit diagram of the pliers according to the invention according to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • the electric motor 18 is electrically in series with a first switch contact of the reversing switch 37, with a battery 41, with a switch contact of the limit switch 30 (Cam switch), with a switch contact of the handle switch 25 and with a second switch contact of the reversing switch 37. In the rest position, the limit switch 30 is closed while the handle switch 25 is open.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
EP95105536A 1994-04-28 1995-04-12 Pince de puissance Expired - Lifetime EP0679476B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4414967A DE4414967C2 (de) 1994-04-28 1994-04-28 Servozange
DE4414967 1994-04-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0679476A2 true EP0679476A2 (fr) 1995-11-02
EP0679476A3 EP0679476A3 (fr) 1995-11-15
EP0679476B1 EP0679476B1 (fr) 1997-10-22

Family

ID=6516747

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95105536A Expired - Lifetime EP0679476B1 (fr) 1994-04-28 1995-04-12 Pince de puissance

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US5735353A (fr)
EP (1) EP0679476B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE159446T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4414967C2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2804354A1 (fr) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-03 Dubuis Et Cie M Outil de serrage et en particulier de sertissage
WO2008022649A1 (fr) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Hans Oetiker Ag Maschinen- Und Apparatefabrik Pince à actionnement manuel avec contrÔle de force
EP1982577A1 (fr) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-22 Black & Decker, Inc. Mécanisme de loquet de poignée
US10343227B2 (en) 2012-07-10 2019-07-09 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Pressing tool

Families Citing this family (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6279433B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2001-08-28 American Tool Companies, Inc. Locking pliers with extended grip
US20040055164A1 (en) * 2000-12-05 2004-03-25 Molins Jose Gurri Portable motor-powered shears
DE10101440B4 (de) * 2001-01-15 2017-10-26 REMS-WERK Christian Föll und Söhne GmbH & Co. Preßzange
US6658971B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2003-12-09 Oberg Industries Self-adjusting tool utilizing a cam
US20050115081A1 (en) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-02 Shu-Woan Tu Electric cutter
JP2008516662A (ja) * 2004-10-18 2008-05-22 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ はさみ及びはさみの駆動装置
US20060158871A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-07-20 Hopkins Timothy P Enhanced nail clippers and system thereof
US9486864B2 (en) 2007-07-03 2016-11-08 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Pipe cutter
WO2009006588A1 (fr) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-08 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Coupe-tube
US7946314B1 (en) 2007-10-31 2011-05-24 John Perone Power pliers for twisting wires
DE102008005472B3 (de) * 2008-01-22 2009-02-26 Wezag Gmbh Werkzeugfabrik Presszange
DE202008008012U1 (de) 2008-01-31 2009-06-18 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Zangengriff
DE102009000153B3 (de) 2009-01-12 2010-07-15 Rennsteig Werkzeuge Gmbh Zange zur Herstellung einer Schiebehülsenverbindung
US8517730B2 (en) * 2009-12-31 2013-08-27 King Saud University Tooth extraction tool
US20110214292A1 (en) * 2010-03-02 2011-09-08 Moon Heh Electric scissors having a replaceable blade
US20130263417A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2013-10-10 Rennsteig Werkzeuge Gmbh Tool
DE102014100348A1 (de) 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Presswerkzeug
CN204149213U (zh) * 2014-08-26 2015-02-11 宁波爱特工具有限公司 裁管刀
US9993910B2 (en) 2016-04-14 2018-06-12 Ronald Livingston Method and apparatus for pliers
US10847943B2 (en) * 2017-12-05 2020-11-24 Te Connectivity Corporation 4-way indent tool
EP3858561A1 (fr) * 2020-01-29 2021-08-04 Husqvarna Ab Outil de découpe

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US3683497A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-08-15 Wiss & Sons Co J Cutting implement or tool with blade tensioning device
DE3238034A1 (de) * 1982-10-14 1984-04-19 Uwe Dipl.-Ing. 3300 Braunschweig Kayser-Herold Vorrichtung zur servomechanischen kraftverstaerkung fuer handwerkzeuge
DE3719442A1 (de) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-22 Pfisterer Elektrotech Karl Tragbare presse zur herstellung von pressverbindungen
EP0365499A1 (fr) * 1988-10-17 1990-04-25 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. Appareil à main actionné par un moteur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683497A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-08-15 Wiss & Sons Co J Cutting implement or tool with blade tensioning device
DE3238034A1 (de) * 1982-10-14 1984-04-19 Uwe Dipl.-Ing. 3300 Braunschweig Kayser-Herold Vorrichtung zur servomechanischen kraftverstaerkung fuer handwerkzeuge
DE3719442A1 (de) * 1987-06-11 1988-12-22 Pfisterer Elektrotech Karl Tragbare presse zur herstellung von pressverbindungen
EP0365499A1 (fr) * 1988-10-17 1990-04-25 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. Appareil à main actionné par un moteur

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2804354A1 (fr) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-03 Dubuis Et Cie M Outil de serrage et en particulier de sertissage
EP1122031A1 (fr) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-08 M. Dubuis et Compagnie Outil de serrage et en particulier de sertissage
WO2008022649A1 (fr) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Hans Oetiker Ag Maschinen- Und Apparatefabrik Pince à actionnement manuel avec contrÔle de force
US7793571B2 (en) 2006-08-25 2010-09-14 Hans Oetiker AG Maschinen-und Apparatel fabrik Manually operated pliers with force monitoring
EP1982577A1 (fr) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-22 Black & Decker, Inc. Mécanisme de loquet de poignée
CN101327585B (zh) * 2007-04-19 2010-08-11 百得有限公司 手柄闭锁机构
US10343227B2 (en) 2012-07-10 2019-07-09 Gustav Klauke Gmbh Pressing tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5758729A (en) 1998-06-02
US5735353A (en) 1998-04-07
DE4414967C2 (de) 1997-07-17
DE59500828D1 (de) 1997-11-27
EP0679476A3 (fr) 1995-11-15
ATE159446T1 (de) 1997-11-15
EP0679476B1 (fr) 1997-10-22
DE4414967A1 (de) 1995-11-02

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