EP0678186A1 - Heat exchanger element and method and device for producing same. - Google Patents
Heat exchanger element and method and device for producing same.Info
- Publication number
- EP0678186A1 EP0678186A1 EP94904677A EP94904677A EP0678186A1 EP 0678186 A1 EP0678186 A1 EP 0678186A1 EP 94904677 A EP94904677 A EP 94904677A EP 94904677 A EP94904677 A EP 94904677A EP 0678186 A1 EP0678186 A1 EP 0678186A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- turns
- dies
- axis
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/06—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of metal tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
- F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F2001/027—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2240/00—Spacing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger element. It also relates to the method of manufacturing this element as well as the device used to manufacture it. Finally, the invention also relates to a heat exchanger or a heat recovery unit using this type of element.
- a heat exchanger element is traditionally formed from one or more tubes inside which circulates a first heat transfer fluid, for example water. In operation, the element is exposed to the thermal action of a second heat transfer fluid, for example air or combustion gases. The function of the element is to transfer heat from one of the two fluids to the other.
- the function of the exchanger element is to heat the water circulating in the tubes from the hot gases resulting from the combustion of a gas burner.
- the function of the exchanger element is to cool the engine water from the cold outside air, which is propelled by the fan in the form of a wind against the element.
- the best possible yield is sought, this with a cost price and in a space which are, on the contrary, the lowest possible.
- the tubes have an oblong, flattened section, the major axis of which extends radially with respect to the axis of the burner. These tubes are spaced from each other by a gap which allows combustion gases to pass, but constitutes an explosion-proof barrier.
- the Japanese patent abstract No. 63 220 091 relates to a heat exchanger element which consists of a helically wound tube in which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
- the tube has a flattened and oval cross section, the major axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the propeller, an acute angle is formed with respect to the latter.
- This device performs a heat exchange between a fluid outside the tube, in particular air flowing radially from the outside towards the inside of the winding, and the inside fluid.
- the main objective of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, by proposing a heat exchanger element which is both extremely efficient in terms of efficiency, which is priced at low cost, can be easily mass produced, while being extremely compact.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an element which can easily be associated with other identical or similar elements, so as to be able to meet all the needs of the clientele, both in terms of size and that of heat transfer capacity.
- the heat exchanger element according to the invention consists of a tube of thermally conductive material, for example metallic, wound in a helix, in which is intended to circulate a heat transfer fluid, this element having a flattened and oval cross section whose major axis is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the helix or forms an acute angle with respect to the latter, each turn of the tube having planar faces which are spaced from the faces of the adjacent turn of a gap of constant height.
- the height of the gap separating two adjacent turns is significantly smaller than the thickness of said cross section, and the spacing between two adjacent turns is calibrated by means of spacers.
- the thickness of the flattened tube is 3 to 10 times greater than the thickness of the space between turns.
- a primary role of the spacers is to ensure consistency of the transparency of the exchanger element.
- a second role - not least - is to prevent deformations of the wall of the flattened tube which can result from significant variations in internal pressure.
- These spacers are bosses, or corrugations, formed in the wall of the tube, on at least one of the flat faces; - Said bosses extend radially relative to the axis of the propeller;
- the internal edge of the turns is embossed, in order to produce turbulence of the fluid before they pass between the turns, which has the effect of further increasing the quality of heat exchange.
- a cylindrical tube is bent helically; b) it is filled with a fluid; c) the wall of the tube is crushed so as to give it a flattened and oval section, the major axis of which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the propeller, while simultaneously reducing the pitch of this propeller; d) maintaining, during step c), the fluid contained in the tube at a substantially constant and controlled pressure, so as to prevent the collapse of its wall.
- shaping dies are used which have, in hollow, imprints of shape complementary to the bosses, or corrugations, intended to play the role of spacer between the turns and, at the end of the operation, the fluid contained in the tube is subjected to a high pressure to force its wall to conform to the shape of these imprints.
- a device which can be used to carry out this method comprises: a press comprising a fixed sole and a movable plate;
- - actuation means used to move the movable plate relative to the fixed base; - two sets of complementary half-dies, of generally semi-circular shape, capable of being positioned between the turns of the tube to be formed, these two sets being positioned, in the working position, between the fixed sole and the movable plate.
- One of these assemblies is movable as a block and can be removed from the press for the establishment of the tube to be formed, and - at the end of the operation - for the removal of the tube formed;
- the device comprises cylinders used to separate the half-dies from each other;
- the device includes means for sealingly closing the two ends of the tube during forming, and for introducing a fluid under very high pressure therein.
- a heat exchanger using at least one element according to the invention is arranged in the vicinity of the burner in a position such that the combustion gases pass through the interstices separating its turns.
- it comprises several elements according to the invention, at least one of which is crossed by the combustion gases from the inside to the outside, while at least one other element is crossed by these gases in the opposite direction.
- a subject of the invention is also a heat recovery unit for a boiler, which comprises at least one element according to the invention, in which circulates water to be heated, and which is exposed to the flow of burnt (and hot) gases. escaping from the boiler.
- FIG. 1 is a general view, in perspective and partially cut away in one of the turns, of an element according to the invention
- FIG. 1 is a side view of the element of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a detail view showing the juxtaposition of two turns constituting the element, these two turns being cut transversely by the plane III-III of Figure 4;
- FIG. 1 The figure is a partial side view of the turns of Figure 3;
- - Figure 5 is a side view of a round tube (circular section) helically preformed, from which the element is made;
- - Figure 6 is a perspective view of a "standard” forming half-die which is used for the manufacture of the element;
- - Figure 7 is a cross and radial section of the matrix of Figure 6;
- - Figure 8 is a particular half-matrix, involved in the forming of one of the end turns of the element;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic front view, partially cut away, of the element forming device
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view, partially broken away, of the movable assembly of half-dies
- - Figure 1 1 shows, seen in the separation plane of the two sets of half-dies, one of these sets inside the press, the latter being in the closed position, but empty (this is ie in the absence of a tube);
- - Figures 1 1A and 1 1B are schematic views, respectively from above and in cross section along the plane BB of Figure 1 1A, of the mounting of a half-matrix on guide columns, this mounting allowing a slight inclination lateral of the matrix;
- - Figure 12 is a sectional view of the device for sealingly introducing a fluid inside the tube during forming;
- - Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a tube being preformed on a tube winding mandrel;
- - Figure 14 shows the press in the open position, a preformed tube having been introduced therein before the forming operation;
- FIG. 16 is a section showing, partially, the device of Figure 12 during operation
- FIG. 16A is an end view of one of the ends of the tube constituting the element formed
- FIG. 17 is a view similar to Figure 14, showing the open press, at the end of forming;
- FIG. 18 shows, in axial section, a gas boiler heat exchanger equipped with a burner and comprising several elements similar to that of Figure 1;
- FIG. 19 and 20 schematically show alternative designs of this heat exchanger
- - Figure 21 is a schematic view showing a heat recovery unit using elements according to the invention
- FIGS. 24 and 24A are schematic top views of two exchangers according to the invention, showing two possible arrangements of the end portions of the exchanger;
- - Figures 25 and 25A show possible variants as to the shape and arrangement of the corrugations provided on the flat face of a turn;
- - Figure 26 is a cross section of two adjacent turns, in an embodiment according to which the two flat faces of each turn are provided with bosses forming spacers;
- FIG. 27 shows, in axial section, a double winding exchanger, composed of two elements whose coils are nested one inside the other;
- FIG. 28 is a schematic top view of an assembly formed of two concentric elements
- Figure 28A is a partial side view (a single turn) of the assembly of Figure 28;
- FIG. 29 is a top view of a variant of the element of Figure 1;
- - Figure 30 is a schematic sectional view of the element of Figure 29, along the section plane XXX-XXX of this figure; - Figure 30A is a sectional detail of two adjacent turns;
- FIG. 31 and 31A are schematic detail views showing the tooling and illustrating the forming operation which makes it possible to produce the element of Figure 29;
- FIG. 32 schematically represents a heat exchanger which has several elements conforming to that of FIG. 29.
- the heat exchanger element 1 shown in Figures 1 to 4 consists of an oval and flattened section tube wound in a helix so that the major axis of its cross section is substantially perpendicular to the axis XX 'of l 'propeller.
- This tube is preferably made of metal, for example stainless steel. It consists of a number of turns 10, for example four in number, whose large flat faces, referenced 11, are spaced from the faces of the adjacent turn by a gap of constant height. This height is significantly less than the thickness of the flat turns.
- the end portions 14, 14 ′ of the tube, rectilinear, extend tangentially towards the outside, and end in cylindrical ends 15, 1 ′. The transition between the flattened parts 14 and the cylindrical end pieces 15 takes place gradually.
- Each turn carries, on one of its flat faces, bosses (or corrugations) 12 formed in the wall of the tube, arranged substantially radially with respect to the axis XX '.
- bosses or corrugations
- Each boss 12 comes to bear against the flat face (not provided with bosses) of the adjacent turn.
- These bosses have a definite height which serve as spacers, precisely calibrating the height of the interstices separating the turns.
- bosses 12 located on one of the outer turns of the winding are intended to come to bear against the turn with a smooth flat face of another element, when combined, by stacking them coaxially , several identical or similar elements.
- the external faces of the two external turns of the winding are situated substantially in planes P, P '(see FIG. 2) which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis XX'. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to stack several elements coaxially while maintaining a constant spacing of all the turns, whether or not they belong to the same element. Of course, this arrangement assumes a gradual variation in the thickness of the outer turns of the winding, as can be seen in particular in Figure 2. Furthermore, to obtain this flatness, a recess 16 must be provided in the most thick end coils, so as to allow the end portions 14, 14 'to pass.
- Solder points for example brazing 17, are advantageously provided at the periphery of the winding to maintain the latter in a state of slight axial compression, which ensures the correct application of all the turns against each other. others.
- the internal edge of the turns has a regularly embossed wall, these bosses being intended to disturb the flow of the fluid passing between the turns in order to improve the heat exchange, as will be explained below.
- An element is then obtained, still wound in a helix, but with a noticeably smaller pitch, of the order of 6 to 6.5 mm.
- the mean diameter of the winding remains unchanged (around 210 mm).
- the width of the turns 10, referenced J_ in Figure 3 is of the order of 24 mm.
- Their thickness is of the order of 5 to 6 mm.
- the height h of the gap separating the turns, which also corresponds to the height of the bosses 12, is of the order of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- the winding 100 shown in FIG. 5 is produced from a cylindrical tube preformed into a helix.
- 101 and 101 ′ have been designated its rectilinear end portions, which extend tangentially with respect to the propeller and are intended to constitute the ends 14, 15 and respectively 14 ′, 15 ′ of the element.
- the turns of the winding 100 have been designated by the reference 102.
- the internal edge of the tube is embossed, so as to present ring segments 103 corresponding to corrugations of the wall of the tube.
- this boss 103 can be obtained by winding the tube on a mandrel of diameter slightly too small compared to the winding that it is desired to obtain.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a "standard" half-matrix intended to be used for the shaping of the element, in association with other identical or similar half-matrices. It is intended to carry out the shaping of an intermediate half-turn.
- the half-matrix 2 shown has a general semi-circular shape. It has a semi-annular external part 20, of rectangular section, which is extended inwards by another annular part 21 of smaller thickness.
- the upper and lower faces 24 of the part 21 are flat. They are the ones that will be used to crush the tube, in order to give it a flattened shape, as will be explained below.
- one of the faces 24 in this case in the lower face when the half-matrix 2 is in the working position, substantially horizontal, is hollowed out a series of radial recesses whose shape is complementary to that of the bosses 12 that one wishes to achieve in the wall of the element.
- the part 21 of thinner thickness is connected to the outer semi-annular part 20 by a flange 23.
- drilled holes 22 which, as will be seen later, are intended to receive guide columns. These holes are slightly elongated, forming apertures whose major axis is parallel to the diametrical plane constituting the joint face 29 of the half-matrix.
- the ends of the elongated holes 22 are semi-cylindrical.
- the half-matrix 2 'represented in FIG. 8 is similar to that which has just been described, and that is why the corresponding elements have been assigned the same reference sign, but with the prime index ('). It is the lower matrix of one of the two sets of half-matrices which will be described later, and more precisely of the mobile assembly.
- This half-matrix is used for shaping one of the ends of the winding, the end which comprises a rectilinear section and a cylindrical end-piece.
- the face of the central part 21 ' which is used for crushing the tube extends only over a quarter of circumference and is extended by a rectilinear portion 25'. The latter opens at the level of the part 20 ′ in a semi-cylindrical cavity 26 ′.
- the half-matrix intended to cooperate with the half-matrix 2 ′ has, on its lower face, a complementary configuration, and in particular a part with semi-cylindrical groove coming to penetrate into the part 26 ′ to constitute a circular channel coming fit against the end portion of the tube, and contain it during forming, as will be explained later.
- the device shown in Figure 9, referenced 3 consists of a hydraulic press comprising a horizontal fixed sole 30 carried by a frame 31, and a movable plate 32; the latter is also arranged horizontally, above the sole 30. It is fixed to a plate 340 mounted at the end of the rod 34 of a hydraulic cylinder 33. The latter is mounted on an element 310 of the fixed frame.
- the jack 33 is a relatively powerful double-acting jack, the extension of which causes the plate 32 to be lowered and brought closer to the sole 30 (closing of the press) while its retraction causes the plate 32 to rise ( press opening).
- the tool associated with this press essentially comprises two sets of half-dies 2A and 2B of the type described above.
- the first assembly 2A is fixed and permanently mounted between the sole 30 and the plate 32.
- the other assembly 2B is mobile. It is fixed to a carriage 4, for example mounted on rollers, which can be moved in translation by means of a double-acting pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 40, the rod of which is connected by a connecting piece 41 to the carriage 4.
- the mobile assembly has been artificially represented in the two extreme positions that it can occupy, the working position inside the press and a separated position - referenced 2B '- which, as will be seen further, allows to set up the tube to be formed, then to remove the formed element.
- the carriage 4 is supported by a horizontal guide 42.
- Figure 9 there is shown in broken lines the element 41 and the rod of the cylinder 40 when the latter is in the extended position, assembly 2B 'away from the press.
- each upper half-die has a side 29 in abutment with the lower half-die, and so on.
- Each set of half-dies is guided in translation, in the vertical direction, by vertical rods - or columns - 200. It is for example provided three guide columns per set, regularly distributed. However, in order to make the figures easier to read, only one column 200A, respectively 200B has been shown in FIG. 9 for each of the sets 2A, respectively 2B.
- the two upper half-matrices which serve to form one of the ends of the element, consist of a single piece 2 "fixed permanently to the plate 32.
- Half of this matrix 2" which comes in correspondence with the half-dies constituting the mobile assembly 2B has imprints similar to that of the part 2 ′ which has been described with reference to FIG. 8, because it serves to form the upper end of the element, and in particular the cylindrical end cap.
- the dies 2A can be separated from each other using a series of suitable jacks, not shown.
- three pneumatic cylinders are provided, regularly distributed around the periphery of the set of half-dies, and coming to actuate the upper half-die 2A.
- Connecting elements between the half-dies are provided so that the lifting of the upper matrix correlatively and successively causes the lifting of each of the dies, this with a well-defined spacing.
- Such an arrangement avoids having to resort to a set of jacks for each half-die.
- a similar arrangement, schematically represented in FIG. 10, is provided for lifting the half-dies 2B of the mobile assembly. This lifting is carried out using a jack 43 whose vertical rod (not shown) is fixed to the carriage 4. The body of the jack is fixed to the upper matrix 2B. This leads, through a 14
- connecting piece 290 the half-matrix located below, but not the lowest movable half-matrix, located just above the fixed half-matrix 2 '. Indeed, it is moved by a set of jacks 44 independently of the others, for a reason which will be explained later.
- the lower and upper half-dies are supported respectively against the sole 30 and against the plate 32 by horizontal flat faces, perpendicular to the working direction of the press. These half-dies have a slightly bevelled shape, so that they are applied against the other half-dies according to planes inclined laterally, as can be seen in FIG. 1 1. It is this inclination which makes it possible to respect the propeller pitch. This provision is of course valid for the two sets of half-dies, but in opposite directions.
- the device 5 shown in FIG. 12 essentially comprises a body 50, of generally cylindrical shape, and a pneumatic cylinder 51 coaxial with the body 50 to which it is fixed. Along the axis of the assembly 50-51 can slide a rod 52 integral with a piston 521 moving inside the cylinder 51, and whose free end carries a head 520, also cylindrical, capable of s' fit without play inside the end 101 of the tube to be formed.
- the rod 52 is traversed by a central bore 522 which is connected by suitable means to a conduit 56 connected to a hydraulic unit H at high pressure, via a control valve 560.
- the piston 52 1 is double effect, and suitable conduits 57, 57 ′, which are connected to a distribution valve 570 make it possible to bring compressed air on one side or the other of the piston, from an air source tablet AC.
- Valve 570 is designed to bring the chamber on one side of the piston to atmospheric pressure when the other chamber is under pressure, and vice versa.
- the head 520 is surrounded by a part 54 in the form of a sleeve, forming an integral part of the body 50, the space 55 separating the wall of the head 520 from the internal wall of this sleeve corresponding to the wall thickness of the tube.
- In the space 55, behind the head 520 are provided j anointed sealing. These are deformable rings 53, liable to deform radially as a result of the recoil of the rod 52.
- the half-dies 2 'and 2B intended for the shaping of one of the end portions of the element, which are also partially represented in FIG. 12, have indentations which include complementary semi-cylindrical portions 260, 260' able to be applied against the outer wall of the sleeve 54.
- the indentations 26, 26 ' are intended to contain the outer wall of the tube, in its cylindrical portion and in its connection portion with the flat part, during forming.
- the imprints 28 serve to form the bosses in the wall of the tube.
- the helical preforming of the cylindrical tube is illustrated in FIG. 13.
- This shaping is done conventionally, when cold, on a mandrel 6 of generally cylindrical shape, carried by a rotary axis 60, as symbolized by the arrow F.
- a helical groove 61 In the wall of the cylinder 6 is formed a helical groove 61, of semi-cylindrical section. Its radius corresponds to the radius of the tube.
- the pitch of the groove corresponds to the pitch of the tubular winding 100 that it is desired to obtain.
- One 101 of the end portions of the tube is made integral with the rotary mandrel 6, and the tube is guided by suitable means on the mandrel. After shaping, the winding is extracted by unscrewing, that is to say rotating the mandrel in the opposite direction while the tube is immobilized.
- the press and its tools are brought first of all to the state shown in FIG. 14, open press (cylinder 33 retracted) and movable assembly of half-dies spaced from the press (cylinder 40 in extension).
- the cylinders 43 and 44 are extended so that all of the half-dies 2B are in the mutual spacing position; similarly, the jacks ensuring the spacing of the half-mat ⁇ ces 2A are extended.
- the carriage 4 has means, not shown, for retaining the device 5 in the axial direction, after it has fitted into the tube.
- the tightness of the connection is obtained by actuation of the piston 521 in the backward direction, ensuring the compression of the seals 53.
- the jack 40 is then retracted, in order to move the carriage 4 to bring the mobile assembly of the half-dies, as well as the tube 100 retained by it, inside the press. During this movement, the half-turns not contained in the half-dies 2B are inserted between the half-dies 2A. Each turn of the tube is thus perfectly trapped between complete dies.
- the press is then put into action, by extension of the hydraulic cylinder 33, the movable plate 32 of the press engaging on the guide rods 200.
- a liquid is introduced into the tube.
- One of the devices 5 is designed to bring this liquid, for example oil or water, while the other device 5, provided at the other end of the tube, allows the escape of air initially present in the tube.
- the liquid is then trapped in the tube, by means of valves suitable for moderate pressure, for example of the order of 10 ° Pascal (10 bars). A calibrated valve ensures that this pressure remains constant throughout the first phase of the process.
- Figure 15 is designated by the reference L l the liquid, at moderate and controlled pressure, which is contained in the tube. It will be noted by observing this figure the presence between two adjacent dies, in the annular portions 20, of an elastically deformable washer 210. In practice, several of these washers are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the dies. They are housed in circular grooves made in the lower matrix. Their function will be explained later.
- the pressure of the liquid is then dropped, and it is expelled from the tube using compressed air.
- the movable plate 32 is then raised.
- the elastic stroke of the washers is chosen so that the mutual spacing of the dies is slightly greater than the depth of the recesses 28, which allows the extraction of the tube formed 100 "(arrow A3, FIG. 15C).
- the mobile assembly of mobile half-dies is then moved away from the press, and brought into the position of FIG. 17. There is no difficulty in removing from the press the part of cylindrical end piece 15 of the upper coil of the press, since the die 2 ", which participated in the shaping of this nozzle, is lifted with the plate 32.
- the piston rod 52 is advanced, by air intake behind the piston 521 on each side of the device 5, which allows the tube ends of these devices to be extracted. These are removed.
- the jack 44 is then extended to separate the penultimate half-matrix 2B from the lowest matrix 2'B. This spacing is sufficient to allow the passage of the cylindrical endpiece 15 '.
- the jacks 43 are not actuated, so as not to deform the turns of the formed tube, the pitch of which is substantially smaller than the pitch of the initial preformed tube.
- the element 1 can be removed manually, by a horizontal translational movement. It then suffices to make the brazing points 17 to obtain the finished element.
- the exchanger 8 shown in the figure comprises a cylindrical burner 7, of axis XX ', mounted inside a hollow body 8.
- the latter has a generally cylindrical shape and is provided with a bottom 84 having a flange (or sleeve) 80 coaxial with the axis of the burner, through which the mixture of gas and air to be burned.
- the exhaust of the burnt gases is done by a flange (or cuff) 81 disposed at the opposite end of the body 8.
- the burner 7 is immobilized against the bottom 84 by means of a flange 83 retained by threaded rods 85.
- the cylindrical burner 7 has a length substantially shorter than the length of the body 8.
- a ceramic disc 82 also fixed to the threaded rods 85.
- the disc 82 the diameter of which is slightly larger than that of the burner 7, comparti ⁇ lies inside the body 8 in two spaces 800, 801 located respectively at the level of the burner and beyond it.
- This exchanger is equipped with four elements 1 according to the invention, stacked coaxially on each other and arranged inside the body 8. Their diameter is a little larger than the diameter of the burner.
- the diameter of the disc 82 corresponds substantially, apart from the engagement clearance, to the internal diameter of the elements 1, so that the edge of the disc comes into contact with the element 1 e.
- the burner 7 has an annular wall pierced with a multitude of small holes arranged radially and allowing the passage of the air + gas mixture. Combustion takes place outside the burner, the base of the flames being against the external wall 71 of the burner.
- Reference 70 has designated an electrode, of a type well known per se, used for igniting the burner and controlling the flame.
- the wall 71 of the burner is located a short distance from the internal edge of the turns of the elements 1, for example approximately 20 mm from this edge.
- the boiler concerned is a domestic condensing boiler, which is used to heat water.
- the cold water (EF) arrives via a conduit 149 and is connected by two bypass conduits 150c, 150b to the inlet portions of the two elements le, respectively l b.
- the outputs of these two elements are connected, via two taps 150'c and 1 50'd to a pipe 1 51 'which, in turn, brings water, via two taps 1 50' a and 150 'b respectively to the two elements la and l b.
- the water leaves these two elements by two diversions 150a, 1 50b connecting to a pipe 151 for evacuating hot water (EC).
- the connections of the various conduits to the end caps (cylindrical) of each element are made in a conventional manner, by connections known per se.
- the elements are therefore connected in parallel two by two, and the two pairs are connected in series.
- the air-gas mixture (GA) is brought through the flange 80 inside the burner. Combustion takes place on the outer wall 71 thereof.
- the hot gases from combustion the temperature of which, for information, is of the order of 1100 ° C., escape radially and pass through the interstices, of well calibrated height, separating the turns from the elements la, lb and of part of it.
- the flow is very regular given the uniformity of thickness of the interstices.
- the heat transfer from the burnt gases to water is particularly efficient.
- the partially cooled gases After their passage from the inside to the outside of the elements l a, l b and partially the, the partially cooled gases arrive in the annular space located inside the body 8, but outside the exchanger. They will then cross the interstices between the turns of the element l d and the other part of the element le, from the outside to the inside, as symbolized by the arrows H2. A large part of their residual heat is thus transferred to the liquid circulating in the exchanger. Finally, these gases, the temperature of which has dropped for example to around 50 ° C., escape through the collar 81, as symbolized by the arrows H3. Of course, this flange is connected to a discharge pipe, for example to a chimney pipe.
- the circulation of water in the exchanger is counter-current to the circulation of gases.
- the cold water is first of all preheated by the flow H2, then heated by the flow Hl.
- the water temperature is brought from ambient temperature to a temperature of the order of 60 ° C.
- the presence of the disc 82 prevents the direct passage of the gases inside the exchanger from space 800 to space 801.
- all of the exchanger elements 1 surrounds the burner 7. There is therefore no preheating of the water circulating in the exchanger.
- the air + gas mixture arrives via the collar 80 inside the burner 7 (arrows HO). After combustion, the hot gases pass radially, from the inside to the outside, the turns of the exchanger (arrows Hl). They are evacuated through the collar 81 (arrows H2). Note the presence, at the base of the body 8 of the exchanger of a connector 86 which allows the evacuation of condensates.
- FIG. 20 there are provided six juxtaposed (or stacked) exchanger elements coaxially, referenced l a, lb, ic, l d, le and lf. These elements are distributed in pairs, in this case la-l b, lc-l d and l e-lf. Each pair forms a parallel arrangement in terms of water circulation. The three pairs are connected in series.
- This boiler has a general configuration similar to that shown in Figure 18.
- the space 800 which corresponds to the location of the burner, there are three elements, in this case the elements la, l b and le. Opposite the space 801 which is on the other side of the shutter disc 82, the elements l d and the are arranged.
- This device performs in a way two successive preheats of the water, which makes it particularly efficient.
- the device represented in FIG. 21 is a heat recovery unit intended to be placed at the outlet of a conventional boiler, or of any another device that releases gases at a temperature sufficient to heat a fluid, such as water.
- a fluid such as water.
- This outlet has a flange 90 into which is fitted the flange 80 for input of the body 8 of the device, the output flange of which is designated 81.
- the body 8 has a generally cylindrical shape. Inside the latter, and coaxially, is mounted a set of exchanger elements according to the invention, for example four elements referenced l a, l b, l e and l d.
- the element 1 placed on the side of the device 9 is placed against the inlet wall of the body 8. At the other end, the interior space of the exchanger is closed off by a partition 89.
- the hot gases arrive inside the exchanger, and are divided into gas blades which cross the interstices of the different elements 1, as symbolized by the arrows j_l.
- the heat is thus transferred from the gases to the liquid circulating inside the exchanger.
- the cooled gases then pass through the annular space situated outside the exchanger and exit the device through the flange 81 (arrows 12).
- the device comprises two heat exchangers 1, 1 ', each formed of a stack of three elements according to the invention.
- the two exchangers are arranged parallel to each other inside the same body 8.
- the hot gases 30 leaving the device 9 firstly penetrate inside the exchanger 1. They s 'escape radially from the inside to the outside of it (arrows 31). They then pass through the exchanger 1 ′, this time from the outside to the inside (arrows 32) to then be evacuated (arrows 33).
- the two exchangers are connected in series, the water circulating in the opposite direction to the gases, that is to say passing first through element 1 'then element 1.
- the device illustrated in FIG. 23 consists of a parallel mounting of two devices similar to that of FIG. 21.
- the device comprises two exchangers 1 "each composed of a stack of elements in accordance with the invention.
- the gas flow hot KO leaving the device 9 is subdivided into two flows K l which are each brought inside a 1 "exchanger.
- the hot air passes through the interstices separating the turns of each exchanger from the inside to the outside (arrows K2).
- the cooled gases are grouped together to escape from the device by the flange 81 (arrow K3).
- different configurations providing series and / or parallel mounting of several exchangers can be provided, depending on the required heat exchange characteristics and the space available at the outlet of the device 9.
- FIG. 24A there has been shown in FIG. 24A an arrangement according to which the end portions 14, 14 ′ are located directly above each other and intersect at right angles.
- the bosses 12, which calibrate the spacing between the turns, do not necessarily have a radial arrangement.
- bosses 12 ' arranged obliquely, that is to say forming an acute angle u_ relative to the radial direction.
- the bosses 12 "have an arcuate shape and their general direction is also slightly inclined relative to the radial direction, in the manner of the fins of a turbine.
- Such an arrangement of the bosses has the effect of orienting the flow of air escaping from the interstices between the turns, and of forming a vortex capable, under certain conditions, of improving the mixing and circulation of gases.
- a series of bosses 12a, 12b is provided on each of the two flat faces of the turns. This arrangement can be advantageous if it is desired that the distance between the turns is relatively large.
- the heat exchanger element is a double pitch element, formed by the interweaving one into the other of two similar windings 1, 1 '. In such an arrangement, which remains within the framework of the present invention, each turn of one of the elements is located opposite a turn of the other element.
- the embodiment of Figures 28 and 28A comprises two elements according to the invention which are coaxial.
- the outer element 1E has turns 10E whose winding diameter is greater than that of the turns 10J_ of the inner element IL,
- the end turns of the outer element 1J_ have wall recesses 16E sufficiently wide to allow the sections 14E and 14j_ of the two elements 1E and H. to pass respectively.
- the two elements can advantageously be welded to one another.
- the advantage of such an arrangement is that the heat exchange surface is further increased.
- Element 1 which is the subject of the variant shown in Figures 29 and 30 differs essentially from that of Figure 1 by the fact that the main axes of the straight sections (flattened and oval) of the turns 10 are not perpendicular to the axis XX 'of the winding, but form an acute angle _y_ with the latter. In the example shown, this angle v_ is equal to 45 °.
- the wall of the tube carries corrugations 12 (not shown in FIGS. 30 and 30A so as not to burden them unnecessarily) which serve as spacers calibrating the spacing (h) between turns, which is significantly smaller than the thickness (e) of the crushed tube (see Figure 30A).
- FIG. 31 shows the section of the half-dies 2 "which can be used to shape the starting helical tube 100 in order to obtain such a configuration. They have a thin annular part 20" of flat section and conical shape, whose half-angle at the top is equal to v. Of course, the part 20 "carries imprints (not shown) corresponding to the corrugations that it is desired to form.
- the heat exchanger 8 ' shown in Figure 32 whose axis XX' has a vertical arrangement, uses six elements conforming to that of Figures 29 and 30, mounted coaxially (along XX ') and connected in series.
- the four upper elements l a, l b, le, l d have turns whose taper diverges downwards.
- the two lower elements le, lf have an inverted conicity (angle at the top directed downwards).
- a sheet metal piece 83 'interposed between the two series of elements ensures their perfect positioning at the place of their taper reversal.
- the exchanger shown equips a gas boiler which comprises a cylindrical burner 80 'with surface combustion, arranged coaxially within the series of upper elements (la, lb, le, ld).
- the outer wall of the exchanger is referenced 800 '.
- the fluid to be heated for example water, flows through the elements from bottom to top, that is to say in the following order: lf, le, ld, le, lb, l a.
- the air / gas mixture A + G is brought from above to the inside of the burner 80 ′, the combustion taking place on the external surface of the latter.
- the burnt and hot gases escape radially outwards, as symbolized by the arrows L1.
- FIG. 32 shows how the arrangement with inverted conicities of the elements la, lb, le, ld on the one hand and le, lf on the other hand naturally directs and channels the flow of hot gases, as well as the condensates, from top to bottom inside the exchanger.
- the exchanger elements according to the invention can find different applications, the fluid circulating inside the element not necessarily being a liquid, and the external fluid not necessarily being a gas.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9300498A FR2700608B1 (en) | 1993-01-15 | 1993-01-15 | Heat exchanger element, method and device for manufacturing it. |
FR9300498 | 1993-01-15 | ||
PCT/FR1994/000047 WO1994016272A1 (en) | 1993-01-15 | 1994-01-14 | Heat exchanger element and method and device for producing same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0678186A1 true EP0678186A1 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
EP0678186B1 EP0678186B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
Family
ID=9443183
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94904677A Expired - Lifetime EP0678186B1 (en) | 1993-01-15 | 1994-01-14 | Heat exchanger element and method and device for producing same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0678186B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69402051D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2101501T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2700608B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994016272A1 (en) |
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-
1994
- 1994-01-14 ES ES94904677T patent/ES2101501T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-14 EP EP94904677A patent/EP0678186B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-14 WO PCT/FR1994/000047 patent/WO1994016272A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-01-14 DE DE69402051A patent/DE69402051D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-14 DE DE69402051T patent/DE69402051T4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1279903A2 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2003-01-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heat exchanger for a gas heater, esp. for a condensing boiler |
EP1752718A1 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-14 | Riello S.p.a. | Heat exchanger and method of producing the same |
US7836942B2 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2010-11-23 | Riello S.P.A. | Heat exchanger and method of producing the same |
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EP2295913A3 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-12-07 | Paloma Co., Ltd. | Spiral pipe heat excahnger with tilted pipe sections |
AU2010212319B2 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2015-06-25 | Paloma Co., Ltd. | Heat Exchanger |
WO2011092332A1 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Giannoni France | Hot fluid production device including a condensing heat exchanger |
FR2955929A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-05 | Mer Joseph Le | CONDENSED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR MULTIPLE FLUIDS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HOT FLUIDS COMPRISING SUCH AN EXCHANGER |
US9476610B2 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2016-10-25 | Giannoni France | Hot fluid production device including a condensing heat exchanger |
WO2016001852A1 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | Valmex S.P.A. | Heat exchanger and method for producing a heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2101501T3 (en) | 1997-07-01 |
DE69402051T4 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
DE69402051T2 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
DE69402051D1 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
EP0678186B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
FR2700608A1 (en) | 1994-07-22 |
WO1994016272A1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
FR2700608B1 (en) | 1995-04-07 |
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