EP0678137A1 - A method of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web, a plant for producing a mineral fiber web, and a mineral fiber-insulated plate - Google Patents
A method of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web, a plant for producing a mineral fiber web, and a mineral fiber-insulated plateInfo
- Publication number
- EP0678137A1 EP0678137A1 EP94904593A EP94904593A EP0678137A1 EP 0678137 A1 EP0678137 A1 EP 0678137A1 EP 94904593 A EP94904593 A EP 94904593A EP 94904593 A EP94904593 A EP 94904593A EP 0678137 A1 EP0678137 A1 EP 0678137A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mineral fiber
- fiber web
- web
- mineral
- woven
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 345
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 50
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001282736 Oriens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N citral A Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N citral B Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N loratadine Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OCC)CCC1=C1C2=NC=CC=C2CCC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C21 JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
- D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
- D04H1/4226—Glass fibres characterised by the apparatus for manufacturing the glass fleece
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/736—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged characterised by the apparatus for arranging fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
- E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
- E04B1/7662—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres comprising fiber blankets or batts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7683—Fibrous blankets or panels characterised by the orientation of the fibres
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the technical field of producing mineral fiber-insulating plates.
- Mineral fibers generally comprise fibers such as rockwool fibers, glass fibers, etc. More pre ⁇ cisely, the present invention relates to a novel technique of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web from which mineral fiber-insulating plates are cut.
- the mineral fiber-insulating plates produced from the mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the present in ⁇ vention exhibit advantageous characteristics as to mechanical perfor ⁇ mance, such as modulus of elasticity and strength, low weight and good thermal-insulating property.
- Mineral fiber-insulating webs are normally hitherto produced as ho- mogeneous webs, i.e. webs in which the mineral fibers of which the mineral fiber-insulating web is composed, are generally orientated in a single predominant orientation which is mostly determined by the orien ⁇ tation of the production line on which the mineral fiber-insulating web is produced and transmitted during the process of producing the mineral fiber-insulating web.
- the product made from a homogeneous mineral fiber- insulating web exhibits characteristics which are determined by the in ⁇ tegrity of the mineral fiber-insulating web and which are predominantly determined by the binding of the mineral fibers within the mineral fiber-insulating plate produced from the mineral fiber-insulating web, and further predominantly determined by the area weight and density of the mineral fibers of the mineral fiber-insulating plate.
- WO92/10602 a method of producing an insulating mineral fiber plate composed of interconnected rod-shaped mineral fiber elements is known.
- the method includes cutting a continuous mineral fiber web in the longitudinal direction thereof in order to form lamellae, cutting the lamellae into desired lengths, turning the lamellae 90° about the longitudinal axis and bonding the lamellae together for forming the plate.
- the method also includes a step of curing the continuous mineral fiber web, or alternatively the plate composed of the individual lengths of lamellae bonded together for the formation of the plate.
- the method includes producing the polymeric material filaments or fibers by means of a carting machine from a supply of filaments or fibers constituted by a porous resilient batt of filaments or fibers, collecting the polymeric material filaments or fibers on a belt for the formation of a continuous web of polymeric material filaments or fibers, compressing the web, cutting the web into a series of parallel fiber strips including polymeric material filaments or fibers and turning the fiber strips 90° about the longitudinal axis and adjoining the strips together as the strips are caused to effect unification solely through the release of a compression effect which has been applied to the strips during the process of turning the strips.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web from which mineral fiber-insu ⁇ lating plates may be cut which method renders it possible in an online production plant to produce mineral fiber-insulating plates which are of a composite and complex structure providing distinct advantages as com- pared to the prior art homogeneous single direction orientated mineral fiber-containing plates.
- a particular advantage of the present invention relates to the no ⁇ vel mineral fiber-insulating plate according to the present invention and produced in accordance with the method according to the present in- vention which as compared to prior art mineral fiber-insulating plates contains less mineral fibers and is consequently less costly than the prior art mineral fiber-insulating plates, still exhibiting advantages as compared to the prior art mineral fiber-insulating plates relating to mechanical performance and thermal-insulating properties.
- a particular feature of the present invention relates to the fact that the novel mineral fiber-insulating plate according to the present invention and produced in accordance with the method according to the present invention is produceable from less mineral fibers or less mate ⁇ rial as compared to the prior art mineral fiber-insulating plate still providing the same properties as the prior art mineral fiber-insulating plate regarding mechanical performance and thermal-insulating proper ⁇ ties, thus, providing a more lightweight and more compact mineral fiber- insulating plate product as compared to the prior art mineral fiber-in ⁇ sulating plate product reducing transport, storage and handling costs.
- a method according to the present invention comprising the following steps: a) producing a first non-woven mineral fiber web defining a first longitudinal direction parallel with the mineral fiber web and a second transversal direction parallel with the first mineral fiber web, the first mineral fiber web containing mineral fibers arranged generally in the second transversal direction and including a first curable bonding agent, b) moving the first mineral fiber web in the first longitudinal direction of the first mineral fiber web, c) folding the first mineral fiber web parallel with the first longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the second transversal di ⁇ rection so as to produce a second non-woven mineral fiber web, the se ⁇ cond mineral fiber web comprising a central body and opposite surface layers sandwiching the central body, the central body containing mineral fibers arranged generally perpendicular to the first longitudinal direction and the second transveral direction, and the surface
- the third non-woven mineral fiber web which is adjoined to the se- cond mineral fiber web in step f) may constitute a separate mineral fiber web.
- the first and the third mineral fiber webs may be pro ⁇ substituted by separate production lines which are joined together in step f).
- the third non-woven mineral fiber web is produced by separating a surface segment layer of the first mineral fiber web therefrom and by compacting the surface segment layer for producing the third mineral fiber web.
- the third mineral fiber web may additionally be produced by com ⁇ pacting the surface segment layer comprising the step of folding the surface segment layer so as to produce the third mineral fiber web con ⁇ taining mineral fibers arranged generally orientated transversely rela- tive to the longitudinal direction of the third mineral fiber web.
- the third non-woven mineral fiber web is produced by separating one of the surface layers of the se ⁇ cond mineral fiber web produced in step c) from the central body thereof and by compacting the surface layer for producing the third mineral fiber web.
- the third mineral fiber web is produced by separating the surface layer from the second mineral fiber web, the mineral fibers of the third mineral fiber web maintain the general orientation of the mineral fibers of the second mineral fiber web, i.e. the orientation generally in the second transversal direction.
- the method according to the present invention preferably further comprises the additional step similar to step e) of producing a fifth non-woven mineral fiber web similar to the third mineral fiber web, and the step of adjoining in step f) the fifth mineral fiber web to the se- cond mineral fiber web in facial contact therewith and so as to sandwich the second mineral fiber web between the third and fifth mineral fiber web in the fourth mineral fiber web.
- the step of folding the first mineral fiber web is preferably car ⁇ ried out so as to produce continuous ondulation extending in the first longitudinal direction of the first mineral fiber web in order to pro ⁇ quiz an accurately structured, folded second mineral fiber web from which the surface layer(s) are easily separated.
- the third mineral fiber web is provided as surface layers separated from the second mineral fiber web, the mineral fibers of the third mineral fiber web are as discussed above generally orientated along the second transversal direction. Consequently, the third direc- tion may coincide with the second transversal direction and consequently be perpendicular to the first longitudinal direction.
- the third direction may be of any arbitrary o- rientation, e.g. be identical to the first longitudinal direction and consequently, be perpendicular to the second transversal direction.
- the method according to the present invention further preferably comprises the introduction step of producing a first mineral fiber web from a basic, non-woven mineral fiber web by arranging the basic mineral fiber web in overlapping layers so as to provide a more homogeneous and compact mineral fiber web as compared to the basic mineral fiber web which additionally contains mineral fibers generally orientated along the longitudinal direction of the basic mineral fiber web.
- the first mineral fiber web from the basic, non-woven mineral fiber web by arranging the basic mineral fiber web in overlapping layers, the ge- neral orientation of the mineral fibers of the basic, non-woven mineral fiber web is shifted from the longitudinal direction of the basic mineral fiber web to the transversal direction of the first non-woven mineral fiber web.
- the basic, non-woven mineral fiber web is preferably arranged in overlapping relation generally in the second transversal di- rection.
- the first and second non- woven mineral fiber webs are preferably exposed to compacting and com- pression in order to provide more compact and more homogeneous mineral fiber webs.
- the compacting and compression may include heigt compres ⁇ sion, longitudinal compression, transversal compression and combinations thereof.
- the method according to the present invention preferably further comprises the additional step of height-compressing the first non-woven mineral fiber web produced in step a) and preferably produced from the basic non-woven mineral fiber web as described above.
- the method according to the present invention may comprise the additional step of longitudinally compressing the first non-woven mineral fiber web produced in step a) and additionally or al ⁇ ternatively the additional step of longitudinally compressing the second non-woven mineral fiber web produced in step c).
- the mineral fiber web exposed to the longitudinal compression is made more homogeneous, resulting in an overall improve ⁇ ment of the mechanical performance and, in most cases, the thermal- insulating property of the longitudinally compressed mineral fiber web as compared to a non-longitudinally compressed mineral fiber web.
- the mineral fiber-insu ⁇ lating plates produced in accordance with the method according to the present invention exhibit surprisingly improved mechanical properties and mechanical performance, provided the second non-woven mineral fiber web produced in step c) is exposed to transversal compression, producing a homogenization of the mineral fiber structure of the second non-woven mineral fiber web.
- the transversal compression of the second non-woven mineral fiber web results in a remarkable improvement of the mechanical properties and performance of the final mineral fiber-insulating plates produced from the second non-woven mineral fiber web, which improvement is believed to originate from a mechanical repositioning of the mineral fibers of the second non-woven mineral fiber web, as the second non- woven mineral fiber web is exposed to the transversal compression, by which repositioning the mineral fibers of the second non-woven mineral fiber web are evenly distributed throughout the uncured mineral fiber web.
- the method according to the present invention may further pre ⁇ ferably and advantageously comprise the step of applying a foil to a side surface of both side surfaces of the first non-woven mineral fiber web and/or applying a foil to a side surface or both side surfaces of the second non-woven mineral fiber web.
- the foil may be a foil of a plastics material, such as a continuous foil, a woven or non-woven mesh, or alternatively a foil of a non-plastics material, such as a paper or cloth material.
- the mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the method according to the present invention may, as discussed above, be provided with two oppositely arranged mineral fiber webs sand ⁇ wiching a central body of the composite mineral fiber-insulating web. Provided the mineral fiber-insulating web is produced as a three-layer assembly, one or both outer side surfaces may be provided with similar or identical surface coverings.
- the method according to the present invention may further comprise the additional step of compressing the fourth composite mineral fiber web prior to introducing the fourth composite mineral fiber web into the curing oven.
- the compressing of the fourth composite mineral fiber web may comprise height compression, longitudinal compression and/or trans ⁇ versal compression.
- the method accor ⁇ ding to the present invention preferably further comprises the additio ⁇ nal step of compacting the fourth composite mineral fiber web prior to introducing the fourth composite mineral fiber web into the curing oven.
- the homogenity of the final product is improved as the compacting of the fourth composite mineral fiber web produces a homogenizing effect on the central body of the fourth composite mineral fiber web, which central body is consti ⁇ tuted by the central body of the second non-woven mineral fiber web.
- the step g) of curing the first curable bonding agent and optional ⁇ ly the second and third curable bonding agents as well may, dependent on the nature of the curable bonding agent or agents, be carried out in nu ⁇ merous diffent ways, e.g. by simply exposing the curable bonding agent or agents to a curing gas or a curing atmosphere, such as the atmos- phere, by exposing the curable bonding agent or agents to radiation, such as UV radiation or IR radiation.
- the process of curing the curable bonding agent or agents includes the step of introducing the mineral fiber web to be cured into a curing oven. Consequently, the curing process is performed by means of a curing oven.
- Further alternative curing appliances may comprise IR radiators, microwave radiators, etc.
- plate segments are preferably cut by cutting the cured fourth composite mineral fiber web into plate segment in a separate production step.
- a plant for producing a mineral fiber-insula ⁇ ting web comprising: a) first means for producing a first non-woven mineral fiber web defining a first longitudinal direction parallel with the mineral fiber web and a second transversal direction parallel with the first mineral fiber web, the first mineral fiber web being produced containing mineral fibers arranged generally in the second transversal direction and including a first curable bonding agent, b) second means for moving the first mineral fiber web in the first longitudinal direction of the first mineral fiber web, c) third means for folding the first mineral fiber web parallel with the first longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the second transversal direction so as to produce a second non-woven mineral fiber web, the second mineral fiber web comprising a central body and opposite surface layers sandwiching
- the plant according to the present invention may advantageously comprise any of the above features of the method according to the pre ⁇ sent invention.
- a mineral fiber-insulating plate which mineral fiber-insulating plate defines a longitudinal direction and comprises: a central body containing mineral fibers, a surface layer containing mineral fibers, the central body and the surface layer being adjoined in facial contact with one another, the mineral fibers of the central body being arranged generally perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and perpendicularly to the surface layer, the mineral fibers of the surface layer being arranged generally in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction, the surface layer being of a higher compactness as compared to the central body, and the mineral fibers of the central body and the mineral fibers of the surface layer being bonded together in an integral structure solely through cured bonding agents cured in a single curing process and initially present in uncured, non-woven mineral fiber webs from which the central body and the surface layer are produced.
- the mineral fiber-insulating plate according to the present inven ⁇ tion preferably comprises opposite surface layers of similar structure sandwiching the central body in the integral structure of the mineral fiber-insulating plate.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a first production step of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web from a mineral fiber forming melt
- Fig. 2 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a produc- tion step of compacting a mineral fiber-insulating web
- Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are schematic and perspective views illustra ⁇ ting four alternative techniques of folding a mineral fiber-insulating web parallel with the longitudinal direction of the mineral fiber-insu- lating web,
- Fig. 7 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a produc ⁇ tion step of separating a surface layer of the folded mineral fiber-in ⁇ sulating web produced in accordance with the techniques disclosed in Figs. 3-6, and a production step of compacting the surface layer
- Fig. 8 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a produc ⁇ tion step of transversely compressing a mineral fiber-insulating web produced in the production step shown in Fig. 7,
- Fig. 9 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating the produc ⁇ tion step of adjoining a surface layer, preferably a compacted surface layer to a mineral fiber-insulating web, or preferably a remaining part of a mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the techniques disclosed in Figs. 3-6, and from which a surface layer has been separated in accordance with the technique disclosed in Fig. 7, Fig. 10 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a produc- tion step of curing a mineral fiber-insulating web and a production step of separating the cured mineral fiber-insulating web into plate seg ⁇ ments,
- Fig. 11 is a schematic, sectional and perspective view illustrating the folded mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the techniques disclosed in Figs. 3-6,
- Fig. 12 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of a mineral fiber-insulating plate segment produced in ac ⁇ cordance with the techniques disclosed in Figs. 1-10,
- Fig. 13 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating a second embodiment of a mineral fiber-insulating plate segment produced in ac ⁇ cordance with the techniques disclosed in Figs. 1-10,
- Figs. 14 and 15 are diagrammatic views illustrating production pa ⁇ rameters of an online production plant producing general building-insu ⁇ lating plates from a mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- Figs. 16 and 17 are diagrammatic views similar to the views of Figs. 14 and 15, respectively, illustrating production parameters of an online production plant producing mineral fiber heat-insulating roofing plates from a mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- a first step of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web involves the formation of mineral fibers from a mineral fiber forming melt which is produced in a furnace 30 and which is supplied from a spout 32 of the furnace 30 to a total of four rapidly rotating spinning-wheels 34 to which the mineral fiber forming melt is supplied as a mineral fiber forming melt stream 36.
- a cooling gas stream is simultaneously supplied to the rapidly rotating spinning-wheels 34 in the axial direction thereof causing the formation of individual mineral fibers which are expelled or sprayed from the rapidly rotating spinning- wheels 34 as indicated by the reference numeral 38.
- the mineral fiber spray 38 is collected on a continuously operated first conveyer belt 42 forming a primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40.
- a heat-curable bonding agent is also added to the primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 either directly to the primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 or at the stage of expelling the mineral fibers from the spinning-wheels 34, i.e. at the stage of forming the individual mineral fibers.
- the first conveyer belt 42 is, as is evident from Fig. 1, composed of two conveyer belt sections. A first conveyer belt section which is sloping relative to the horizontal direction and relative to a second substantially hori- zontal conveyer belt section.
- the first section constitutes a collector section
- the second section constitutes a transport section by means of which the primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 is trans ⁇ ferred to a second and a third continuously operated conveyer belt de ⁇ signated the reference numeral 44 and 46, respectively, which are opera- ted in synchronism with the first conveyer belt 42 sandwiching the pri ⁇ mary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 between two adjacent surfaces of the second and third conveyer belts 44 and 46, respectively.
- the second and third conveyer belts 44 and 46 respectively, com ⁇ municate with a fourth conveyer belt 48 which constitutes a collector conveyer belt on which a secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 is collected as the second and third conveyer belts 44 and 46, respective ⁇ ly, are swung across the upper surface of the fourth conveyer belt 48 in the transversal direction relative to the fourth conveyer belt 48.
- the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 is consequently produced by arranging the primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 in overlapping re ⁇ lation generally in the transversal direction of the fourth conveyer belt 48.
- the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 By producing the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 from the primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 as disclosed in Fig. 1, a more homogeneous secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 is produced as compared to the less homogeneous primary mineral fiber-insulating web. It is to be realized that the overall orientation of the mineral fibers of the primary mineral fiber-insulating web 40 is parallel with the longitudinal direction of the web 40 and the direction of transpor ⁇ tation of the first conveyer belt 42.
- the overall orientation of the mineral fibers of the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 is substantially perpendi ⁇ cular and transversal relative to the longitudinal direction of the se ⁇ condary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 and the direction of transporta ⁇ tion of the fourth conveyer belt 48.
- a station for compacting and homogenizing an input mineral fiber-insulating web 50' is shown, which station serves the purpose of compacting and homogenizing the input mineral fiber- insulating web 50' for producing an output mineral fiber-insulating web 50", which output mineral fiber-insulating web 50" is more compact and more homogeneous as compared to the input mineral fiber-insulating web 50'.
- the input mineral fiber-insulating web 50' may constitute the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 produced in the station shown in Fig. 1.
- the compacting station comprises two sections.
- the first section comprises two conveyer belts 52" and 54", which are arranged at the up- per side surface and the lower side surface, respectively, of the mineral fiber web 50'.
- the first section basically constitutes a section in which the mineral fiber web 50' input to the section is exposed to a height compression, causing a reduction of the overall height of the mineral fiber web and a compacting of the mineral fiber web.
- the conveyer belts 52" and 54" are consequently arranged in a manner, in which they slope from an input end at the left-hand side of Fig. 2, at which input end the mineral fiber web 50' is input to the first section, towards an output end, from which the height-compressed mineral fiber web is delivered to the second section of the compacting station.
- the second section of the compacting station comprises three sets of rollers 56' and 58', 56" and 58", and 56'" and 58'".
- the rollers 56', 56" and 56'" are arranged at the upper side surface of the mineral fiber web, whereas the rollers 58', 58" and 58"' are arranged at the lower side surface of the mineral fiber web.
- the second section of the compacting station provides a longitudinal compression of the mineral fiber web, which longitudinal compression produces a ho ogenization of the mineral fiber web, as the mineral fibers of the mineral fiber web are caused to be rearranged as compared to the initial structure into a more homogeneous structure.
- the three sets of rollers 56' and 58', 56" and 58", and 56'" and 58'" of the second section are rotated at the same rotational speed, which is, however, lower than the rotational speed of the conveyer belts 52" and 54" of the first section, causing the longitudinal compression of the mineral fiber web.
- the height-com ⁇ pressed and longitudinally compressed mineral fiber web is output from the compacting station shown in Fig. 2, designated the reference numeral 50". It is to be realized that the combined height-and-longitudinal- compression compacting station shown in Fig. 2 may be modified by the omission of one of the two sections, i.e. the first section constituting the height-compression section, or alternatively the second section constituting the longitudinal-compression section.
- a compacting section performing a single compacting or compression opera ⁇ tion is provided, such as a height-compressing station or alternatively a longitudinally-compressing station.
- a height-compressing station or alternatively a longitudinally-compressing station.
- the height-compressing section has been described including conveyer belts, and the longitudi- nally-compressing section has been described including rollers, both sections may be implemented by means of belts or rollers. Also, the height-compressing section may be implemented by means of rollers, and the longitudinally-compressing section may be implemented by means of conveyer belts. In Figs.
- the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" may constitute the output mineral fiber-insulating web 50" shown in Fig. 2, or alternatively the mineral fiber-insulating web 50 produced in the station shown in Fig. 1.
- the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" is brought into contact with a pressing roller 51, by means of which a continuous foil 99 of a thermoplastic material is applied to the upper side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50".
- the continuous foil of ther ⁇ moplastic material is supplied from a roll 98.
- the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" and the continuous foil 67 applied thereto are forced through a corrugated gate 60' which gate comprises two oppositely arranged, corrugated guide plates 64' and 66' and two oppositely arranged end walls, one of which is designated the reference numeral 62'.
- the foil 99 has to be of an elasticity allowing that the foil 99 and the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" are folded.
- the end walls of the corrugated gate 60' and the corrugations of the corrugated gate plates 64' and 66' taper from an input end of the corrugated gate 60' to an output end thereof.
- the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" and the foil 99 applied thereto are forced through the corrugated gate 60', the mineral fiber- insulating web is folded in its longitudinal direction providing a cor ⁇ rugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'".
- FIG. 4 an alternative technique of producing the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" from the plane mineral fiber-insulating web 50" is disclosed.
- the technique disclosed in Fig. 4 differs from the technique described above with reference to Fig. 3 in that a gate 60" is used, which gate 60" differs from the cor ⁇ rugated gate 60" shown in Fig. 3 in that the gate 60" comprises plane oppositely arranged walls one of which is designated the reference nume- ral 64" and curved end walls one of which is designated the reference numeral 62".
- a further alternative technique of producing a longitu ⁇ dinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" from the plane mineral fiber-insulating web 50" is shown.
- the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" is in accordance with the technique shown in Fig. 5 produced by means of a roller assembly 60'" comprising plane end walls 62'" serving the same purpose as the plane end walls 62' and curved end walls 62" shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respec ⁇ tively, viz. the purpose of guiding the outer edges of the plane mineral fiber-insulating web 50" to the corrugated and longitudinally folded configuration of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50'".
- the roller as- sembly 60'" further comprises a total of eight sets of rollers, each set of rollers containing two rollers arranged at opposite sides of the mineral fiber-insulating web.
- two rollers are designated the reference numeral 68.
- the sets of rollers define a tapered configuration tapering from an input end of the roller assembly 60'" to an output end thereof from which output end the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" is supplied.
- the tapered configura ⁇ tion serves the purpose of assisting the plane mineral fiber-insulating web 50" to corrugate and longitudinally fold into the configuration of the folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" shown in Fig. 5.
- a station 60"" is employed, which station constitutes a combined height/longitudinally-compressing station and a transversally-folding station.
- the station 60"" comprises a total of six sets of rollers, three sets of which are constituted by the three sets of rollers 56', 58'; 56", 58"; and 56'", 58'" discussed above with reference to Fig. 2.
- the station 60"" shown in Fig. 6 further comprises three sets of rollers, a first set of which is constituted by two rollers 152' and 154', a second set of which is constituted by two rollers 152" and 154", and third set of which is constituted by two rollers 152'" and 154"'.
- the rollers 152', 152" and 152"' are arranged at the upper side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" like the rollers 56', 56" and 56'".
- the three rollers 154', 154" and 154'" are arranged at the lower side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" like the rollers 58', 58" and 58'".
- the three sets of height-compressing rollers 152', 154'; 152", 154"; and 152'", 154'" are like the above-described belt assemblies 52", 54" operated at a rotational speed identical to the velocity of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" input to the height-compressing section of the station 60"".
- the three sets of rollers constituting the longitu ⁇ dinally-compressing section, i.e. the rollers 56', 58'; 56", 58"; and 56'", 58'" are operated at a reduced rotational speed determining the longitudinal compression ratio.
- crankshaft assemblies For generating the longitudinal folding of the mineral fiber-insu ⁇ lating web 50" input to the station 60"", shown in Fig. 6, four crank ⁇ shaft assemblies designated the reference numerals 160', 160", 160'", and 160"" are provided.
- the crankshaft assemblies are of identical structures, and in the below description a single crankshaft assembly, the crankshaft assembly 160", is described, as the crankshaft assemblies 160', 160'" and 160"" are identical to the crankshaft assembly 160" and comprise elements identical to the elements of the crankshaft assembly 160", however, designated the same reference numerals added a single, a double and a triple mark, respectively.
- the crankshaft assembly 160 includes a motor 162", which drives a gear assembly 164", from which an output shaft 166" extends.
- a total of six gearwheels 168" of identical configurations are mounted on the out- put shaft 166".
- Each of the gearwheels 168" meshes with a corresponding gearwheel 170".
- Each of the gearwheels 170" constitutes a drivewheel of a crankshaft lever system further comprising an idler wheel 172" and a crankshaft lever 174".
- crankshaft levers 174" are arranged so as to be lifted from a retracted position to an elevated position between two adjacent rollers at the righ-hand, lower side of the mineral fiber-insu ⁇ lating web 50" input to the station 60"" and are adapted to cooperate with crankshaft levers of the crankshaft lever system 160' positioned at the right-hand, upper side of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" input to the station 60"".
- crankshaft levers of the crankshaft lever systems 160'" and 160" arranged at the left-hand, upper and lower side, re ⁇ spectively, of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" input to the station 60"
- a first set of crankshaft levers 174', 174", 174'", 174"" of the crankshaft lever systems 160', 160", 160'" and 160"" are positioned between the first and second sets of rollers 152', 154' and 152", 154".
- a second set of crankshaft levers are positioned between the second and third sets of rollers 152", 154" and 152'", 154'".
- crankshaft levers of each of the total of six crankshaft lever sets are of identical widths.
- the first crankshaft lever is the widest crankshaft lever, and the width of the crankshaft lever within each crankshaft lever system is reduced from the first crankshaft lever to the sixth crankshaft lever positioned behind the sixth set of rollers 56'", 58'".
- the crankshaft levers of a specific crankshaft set are rotated in synchronism with the remaining three crankshaft levers of the crankshaft lever set in question.
- crankshaft levers of all six sets of crankshaft levers are moreover operated in synchronism and in synchronism with the velocity of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" input to the station 60"".
- the widest or first set of crankshaft levers is adapted to initiate the folding of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50", as the crankshaft levers 174" and 174"" of the crankshaft lever sy ⁇ stems 160" and 160"", respectively, are raised from positions below the lower side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" and are brought into contact with the lower side surface of the mineral fiber- insulating web 50", and as the crankshaft levers 174' and 174'" of the crankshaft lever systems 160' and 160'", respectively, are simul ⁇ taneously lowered from positions above the upper side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" and brought into contact with the upper side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50".
- crankshaft levers of the first set of crankshaft levers to be moved towards the center of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50", produ- cing a central fold of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50".
- crankshaft levers of the first set of crankshaft levers reach the cen ⁇ tral position, the crankshaft levers of the crankshaft lever systems 160' and 160'" are raised, whereas the crankshaft levers of the crank ⁇ shaft lever systems 160" and 160”” are lowered and consequently brought out of contact with the upper and lower side surface, respectively, of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50".
- the next or second set of crankshaft levers generates a second and a third fold of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50", which second or third fold is positioned at opposite sides of the first fold, whereupon the third, the fourth, the fifth, and the sixth sets of crank- shaft levers produce additional folds of the mineral fiber-insulating web, producing an overall, longitudinal folding of the mineral fiber-in ⁇ sulating web.
- the width of the crankshaft levers of each set of crankshaft levers, the gear ratio of the gear assemblies 164', 164", 164'" and 164"", the gear ratio of the gearwheels 168 and 170, and the velocity of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50" input to the station 60"" are a- dapted to one another and further to the rotational speed of the height compression and the longitudinally-compressing sections of the station for producing the longitudinally-folded, and height- and longitudinally- compressed mineral fiber-insulating web 50"'.
- the integration of the height-compressing section, the longitudi ⁇ nally-compressing section and the longitudinally-folding section into a single station, as described above with reference to Fig. 6, is, by no means, mandatory to the operation of the longitudinally-folding crank- shaft systems described above with reference to Fig. 6.
- the height-compressing section, the longitudinally-compressing section and the longitudinally-folding section may be separated, however, the inte ⁇ gration of all three functions reduces the overall size of the produc ⁇ tion plant.
- the folding of the mineral fiber web as discussed above with reference to Figs. 4, 5 and 6 provides a transversal compacting and compression of the web, further providing a ho ogenization of the web as compared to the unfolded input web.
- a vertical sectional view of the corrugated and longi- tudinally folded mineral fiber-insulated web 50'" is shown.
- the corru ⁇ gated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" com ⁇ prises a central core or body 28 and two oppositely arranged surface layers 24 and 26, which surface layers 24 and 26 are separated from the central core or body 28 of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" along imaginary lines of separation 20 and 22, respectively.
- the surface layers 24 and 26 of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" are composed of segments of the folded mineral fiber-insulating web which segments contain mineral fibers which are orientated substantially transversally relative to the longitudinal direction of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'".
- the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" is produced from the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 by folding the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50, optionally after compacting the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50, as will be described below with reference to Fig. 8, and the overall orientation of the mineral fibers of the secondary mineral fiber-insulating web 50 is consequently maintained within the segments of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" which segments together constitute the surface layers 24 and 26.
- the central core or body 28 of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" is composed of segments of the folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" which segments are folded per ⁇ pendicular to the segments of the surface layers 24 and 26 of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50'".
- the mineral fibers of the central core of body 28 of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" are consequently orientated substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as well as the transversal direction of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber- insulating web 50'".
- the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" shown in Fig. 9 and produced in accordance with the techniques discussed above with reference to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 is further pro ⁇ Registered in a station illustrated in Fig. 7, in which station the surface layer 24 is separated from the central core or body 28 of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" along the imaginary line of separation 20, shown in Fig. 9.
- the separation of the surface layer 24 from the remaining part of the mineral fiber-insulating web is accomplished by means of a cutting tool 72 as the remaining part of the mineral fiber-insulating web is supported and transported by means of a conveyer belt 70.
- the cutting tool 72 may be constituted by a stationary cutting tool or knife or alternatively be constituted by a transversely reciprocating cutting tool.
- the surface layer 24 separated from the mineral fiber-insulating web is derived from the path of travel of the remaining part of the mineral fiber-insulating web by means of a conveyer belt 74 and is transferred from the conveyer belt 74 to three sets of rollers comprising a first set of rollers 76' and 78', a second set of rollers 76" and 78", and a third set of rollers 76'" and 78'", which three set of rollers together constitute a compacting or com ⁇ pressing section similar to the second section of the corresponding sta ⁇ tion described above with reference to Fig. 2.
- a transversally-compressing station is shown, which is designated the reference numeral 80 in its entirety.
- a transversally compressed and compacted central core or body 28' is supplied from the transversally-compressing station 80.
- the core or body 28 is transmitted through the transversally-com- pressing station 80 and transformed into the transversally compressed central core or body 28', the core or body is supported on rollers con ⁇ stituted by an input roller 87 and an output roller 88.
- the central core or body 28 input to the transversally- compressing station 80 is preferably constituted by the above-described central core or body separated from the mineral fiber-insulating web 50", as described above with reference to Fig, 7, the mineral fiber-in ⁇ sulating web 50" may alternatively be processed in the station 80 shown in Fig. 8.
- the central core or body 28 or the mineral fiber-insula ⁇ ting web 50'" to be transversally compressed within the station 80 is provided with a top surface layer, such as the foil 99 described above with reference to Fig. 3, the foil has to be of a structure compatible with the transversal compression of the web and foil assembly.
- the foil applied to the upper side surface of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50", as shown in Fig. 3 has to be compressable and adaptable to the reduced width of the transversally compressed central core or body 28' or the transversally compressed mineral fiber-insulating web output from the transversally-compressing station 80.
- the compacted sur ⁇ face layer 24 is returned to the remaining part of the mineral fiber-in ⁇ sulating web or the central core or body, which has preferably been transversally compressed as described above with reference to Fig. 8, and adjoined in facial contact with the upper surface of the central core or body 28, as shown in Fig. 9.
- a set of rollers comprising a roller 79' and a roller 79" arranged at the upper and lower side surface of the surface layer 24, respectively, constitutes a set of rollers by means of which a sur ⁇ face foil 99' supplied from a roll 98' is applied to the upper side sur ⁇ face of the compacted surface layer 24.
- the surface layer 24 which constitutes an integral mineral fiber-insula ⁇ ting web of higher compactness as compared to the central core or body 28, is shifted towards the upper side surface of the central core or bo ⁇ dy 28 by means of two rollers 77' and 77".
- the roller 77" is positioned below the surface layer 24 and constitutes a turning roller, whereas the roller 77', which is positioned above the upper side surface of the sur ⁇ face layer 24, serves the purpose of pressing the compacted surface layer 24 into facial contact with the upper side surface of the central core or body 28, which is supported and transported by means of the con ⁇ veyer belt 70 also shown in Fig. 7.
- a mineral fiber-insulating web assembly is pro- vided, which assembly is designated the reference numeral 90 in its en ⁇ tirety.
- a further foil 99" is shown in dotted line.
- This foil is supplied from a roll 98".
- the foil 99" may constitute a continuous foil or alternatively a mesh foil, i.e. a foil similar to the surface foil 99' described above. It is, however, to be emphasized that the foils 99, 99' and 99" constitute optional features which may be omitted, provided an integral mineral fiber web structure is to be produced.
- one or more of the above-listed foils, or all foils may be provided in various embodiments of the mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- the compacted surface layer 24 which is separated from the mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" as shown in Fig. 7, may alternatively be provided from a separate production line, as one of the production stations shown in Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6 may communicate directly with the production station shown in Fig. 9, optionally through the production station shown in Fig. 8, thus, eliminating the production station shown in Fig. 7.
- the production station shown in Fig. 7 is adapted to separate two surface layers from the central core or body 28 for producing two separated surface layers separated from op ⁇ posite side surfaces of the central core or body 28, which surface layers are processed in accordance with the technique described above with reference to Fig.
- the mineral fiber-insulating web assembly 90 is moved through a curing station constituting a curing oven or curing furnace comprising oppositely arranged curing oven sections 92 and 94, which ge- nerate heat for heating the mineral fiber-insulating web assembly 50 to an elevated temperature so as to cause the heat-curable bonding agent of the mineral fiber-insulating web assembly to cure and cause the mineral fibers of the central core or the body of the assembly and the mineral fibers of the compacted surface layer or surface layers to be bonded to- gether so as to form an integral bonded mineral fiber-insulating web which is cut into plate-like segments by means of a knife 96.
- a single plate-like segment 10" is shown comprising a central core 12 and a top layer 14.
- the top layer 14 is made from the compacted surface layer 24, whereas the core 12 is made from the central core or body 28 of the corrugated and longitudinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'" shown in Fig. 9.
- a fragmentary and perspective view of a first embodi- ment of a plate segment of a mineral fiber-insulating web according to the present invention is shown, designated the reference numeral 10 in its entirety.
- the plate segment 10 comprises the central core 12 and the top layer 14 and further a bottom layer 16 made from a surface layer of the mineral fiber-insulating web 50".
- the reference numeral 18 desig- nates a segment of the core 12 of the plate segment 10 which segment 18 is made from the central core or body 28 of the corrugated and longitu ⁇ dinally folded mineral fiber-insulating web 50'", which central core or body has preferably been transversally compressed as described above with reference to Fig. 8.
- a fragmentary and perspective view of a second embodi ⁇ ment of a plate segment of a mineral fiber-insulating web according to the present invention is shown, designated the reference numeral 10' in its entirety.
- the plate segment 10' comprises the central core 12, the top layer 14 and the bottom layer 16.
- a top surface covering 15 is provided, which is constituted by the foil 99' described above with re ⁇ ference to Fig. 9.
- the top surface covering 15 may constitute a web of a plastics material, a woven or non-woven plastic foil, or alternatively a covering made from a non-plastics material, such as a paper material serving design and architectural purposes exclusively.
- the top surface layer 15 may alternatively be applied to the mineral fiber-insulating web after the curing of the heat-curable bonding agent, i.e. after the exposure of the mineral fiber-insulating web 90 to heat generated by the oven sections 92 and 94 shown in Fig. 10.
- a heat-insulating plate of a structure similar to the plate shown in Fig. 12, made from a mineral fiber-insulating web produced in accor- dance with the method according to the present invention as described above with reference to Figs. 1-10, is produced in accordance with the specifications listed below:
- the method comprises steps similar to the steps described above with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
- the production output of the plant is 5000 kg/h.
- the area weight of the primary web produced in the station disclosed in Fig. 1 is 0.4 kg/m 2 , and the width of the primary web is 3600 mm.
- the density of the central core or body 28 is 20 kg/m 3 .
- the final plate comprises a single surface layer of an area weight of 1 kg/m 2 .
- the rate of longitudinal compression of the surface layer is 1:2.
- the thickness of the surface layer 10.00 mm, and the density of the surface layer is 100 kg/m 3 .
- the width of the mineral fiber-insulating web produced in Fig. 1 is 1800 mm.
- the production parameters used are listed in tables A and B below:
- G Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web on belt 42
- H Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web after first longitudinal compression
- I Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web after transversal compression
- Fig. 8) Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web before second lon- gitudinal compression (Fig. 2)
- K Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web aber second lon ⁇ gitudinal compression (Fig. 2)
- L Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web before curing oven
- Fig. 14 a diagramme is shown, illustrating the correspondence between the parameters listed in Table A.
- the reference signs used in Fig. 14 refer to the parameters listed in Table A.
- Fig. 15 a diagramme is shown, illustrating the correspondence between the parameters listed in Table B.
- the reference signs used in Fig. 15 refer to the parameters listed in Table B.
- the method comprises steps similar to the steps described above with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
- the production output of the plant is 5000 kg/h.
- the area weight of the primary web produced in the station disclosed in Fig. 1 is 0.6 kg/m 2 , and the width of the primary web is 3600 mm.
- the density of the central core or body 28 is 110 kg/m 3 .
- the rates of longitudinal compression produced in two sepa- rate stations similar to the station disclosed in Fig. 2 are 1:3 and 1:2, respectively, and the rate of transversal compression produced in the station disclosed in Fig. 8 is 1:2.
- the final plate comprises a single surface layer of an area weight of 3.57 kg/m 2 .
- the rate of longi ⁇ tudinal compression of the surface layer is 1:2.
- the thickness of the surface layer is 17.00 mm, and the density of the surface layer is 210 kg/m 3 .
- the width of mineral fiber-insulating web produced in Fig. 1 is 1800 mm.
- G Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web on belt 42
- H Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web after first longitudinal compression
- I Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web after transversal compression
- Fig. 8 Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web before second lon ⁇ gitudinal compression
- Fig. 2) Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web aber second lon ⁇ gitudinal compression
- Fig. 2) Area weight of mineral fiber-insulating web before curing oven
- Fig. 16 a diagramme similar to the diagramme of Fig. 14 is shown, illustrating the correspondance between the parameters listed above in table C.
- Fig. 17 a diagramme similar to the diagramme of Fig. 15 is shown, illustrating the correspondance between the parameters listed above in table D.
- Heat-insula ⁇ Pressure strength 2 kPa - - - 7 kPa 9 kPa
- O ting plate of a density Modulus of elasticity 15 kPa - - - 125 kPa 150 kPa of 30 kg/m 3
- roofing plate Pressure strength 70 kPa - - - 180 kPa 210 kPa of a density of 150 kg/m 3
- Modulus of elasticity 600 kPa - - - 3300 kPa 4000 kPa
- the mineral fiber-insulating plates according to the present inven ⁇ tion clearly demonstrate increased pressure strength and modulus of e- lasticity as compared to a conventional heat-insulating plate.
- the me ⁇ chanical performance of the mineral fiber-insulating plates according to the present invention is, however, further increased by exposing the mineral-insulating web, from which the insulating plates are produces, to longitudinal and transversal compression as discussed above with re ⁇ ference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 8.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99106353A EP0931886B1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | A mineral fiber-insulated plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK3693 | 1993-01-14 | ||
DK9336A DK3693D0 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1993-01-14 | A METHOD OF PRODUCING A MINERAL FIBER INSULATING WEB, A PLANT FOR PRODUCING A MINERAL FIBER WEB, AND A MINERAL FIBER INSULATED PLATE |
DK36/93 | 1993-01-14 | ||
PCT/DK1994/000028 WO1994016163A1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | A method of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web, a plant for producing a mineral fiber web, and a mineral fiber-insulated plate |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99106353A Division EP0931886B1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | A mineral fiber-insulated plate |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0678137A1 true EP0678137A1 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
EP0678137B1 EP0678137B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
Family
ID=8089020
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94904593A Expired - Lifetime EP0678137B1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | A method of producing a mineral fiber-insulating web and a plant for producing a mineral fiber web |
EP99106353A Revoked EP0931886B1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | A mineral fiber-insulated plate |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99106353A Revoked EP0931886B1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | A mineral fiber-insulated plate |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0678137B1 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE185863T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5858094A (en) |
BG (1) | BG99828A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2153671A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ179595A3 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69435181D1 (en) |
DK (2) | DK3693D0 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2319701T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUT74138A (en) |
PL (1) | PL309850A1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO112771B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK89795A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994016163A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2182185C (en) † | 1994-01-28 | 2006-03-21 | Luis Jorgen Norgaard | Insulating element and method and plant for producing and packaging |
ATE222628T1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2002-09-15 | Rockwool Ltd | FIRE PROTECTION CLOSURES FOR BUILDINGS |
DE19758700C2 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | Thueringer Daemmstoffwerke Gmb | Insulating element and process for its manufacture |
ATE253151T1 (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2003-11-15 | Thueringer Daemmstoffwerke Gmb | MINERAL WOOL INSULATION ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME |
GB9717484D0 (en) | 1997-08-18 | 1997-10-22 | Rockwool Int | Roof and wall cladding |
ATE248963T1 (en) * | 1998-02-28 | 2003-09-15 | Rockwool Mineralwolle | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN INSULATION BOARD FROM MINERAL FIBERS AND INSULATION BOARD |
DE29808924U1 (en) * | 1998-05-16 | 1998-09-03 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll-Gmbh, 45966 Gladbeck | Thermal insulation element |
DE19834963A1 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2000-02-17 | Pfleiderer Daemmstofftechnik G | Device and method for producing mineral wool fleece |
DE10248326C5 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2014-06-12 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Insulating layer of mineral fibers |
DE10257977A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-07-01 | Rheinhold & Mahla Ag | Space limiting panel |
DE10338001C5 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2013-06-27 | Knauf Insulation Gmbh | Method for producing an insulating element and insulating element |
WO2008155401A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | Rockwool International A/S | Mineral fibre product |
GB201223352D0 (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-02-06 | Knauf Insulation Doo | Mineral wool insulation |
US20150211186A1 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-07-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent sanitary paper product |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2546230A (en) * | 1947-10-10 | 1951-03-27 | Johns Manville | Glass product and method of making the same |
US3493452A (en) * | 1965-05-17 | 1970-02-03 | Du Pont | Apparatus and continuous process for producing fibrous sheet structures |
SE441764B (en) * | 1982-10-11 | 1985-11-04 | Gullfiber Ab | Insulation sheet and method of producing similar |
DE3701592A1 (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1988-08-04 | Rockwool Mineralwolle | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING A FIBER INSULATION SHEET AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
DK165926B (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1993-02-08 | Rockwool Int | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF INSULATION PLATES COMPOSED BY INVOLVED CONNECTED STABLE MINERAL FIBER ELEMENTS |
-
1993
- 1993-01-14 DK DK9336A patent/DK3693D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-01-14 DE DE69435181T patent/DE69435181D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-14 RO RO95-01306A patent/RO112771B1/en unknown
- 1994-01-14 DK DK99106353T patent/DK0931886T3/en active
- 1994-01-14 WO PCT/DK1994/000028 patent/WO1994016163A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-01-14 PL PL94309850A patent/PL309850A1/en unknown
- 1994-01-14 EP EP94904593A patent/EP0678137B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-14 ES ES99106353T patent/ES2319701T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-14 AT AT94904593T patent/ATE185863T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-01-14 EP EP99106353A patent/EP0931886B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-01-14 CZ CZ951795A patent/CZ179595A3/en unknown
- 1994-01-14 DE DE69421267T patent/DE69421267T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-14 AT AT99106353T patent/ATE420254T1/en active
- 1994-01-14 CA CA002153671A patent/CA2153671A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-01-14 AU AU58580/94A patent/AU5858094A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-01-14 SK SK897-95A patent/SK89795A3/en unknown
- 1994-01-14 HU HU9502121A patent/HUT74138A/en unknown
-
1995
- 1995-07-31 BG BG99828A patent/BG99828A/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9416163A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0931886A3 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
WO1994016163A1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
CA2153671A1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
BG99828A (en) | 1996-03-29 |
SK89795A3 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
HU9502121D0 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
HUT74138A (en) | 1996-11-28 |
ES2319701T3 (en) | 2009-05-11 |
PL309850A1 (en) | 1995-11-13 |
EP0678137B1 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
ATE420254T1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
RO112771B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 |
CZ179595A3 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
DK0931886T3 (en) | 2009-04-14 |
EP0931886A2 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
DK3693D0 (en) | 1993-01-14 |
DE69435181D1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
DE69421267T2 (en) | 2000-02-10 |
ATE185863T1 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
DE69421267D1 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
EP0931886B1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
AU5858094A (en) | 1994-08-15 |
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